An unmanned aerial vehicle detection device
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610885083.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-22
AI Technical Summary
当前，全覆盖能力、高增益和轻量化这三项指标之间存在性能矛盾
本发明的技术方案提供的无人机侦测装置，包括定向天线阵列、信号控制模块以及射频馈电网络。其中，定向天线阵列包括多个天线单元；信号控制模块用于控制所述天线单元进行信号的发射。由于所述信号控制模块将所述信号控制模块的周向区域对应的等分为三个扇区，每个所述扇区内设置至少2个所述天线单元，因此，采用三扇区的划分方案设置多个天线单元来使每个扇区的覆盖面上都实现高增益，同时三扇区的设计限制了天线单元的数量，减轻设备重量，实现轻量化。由于射频馈电网络的输入端连接所述信号控制模块，所述射频馈电网络的多个输出端与所述天线单元一一对应，所述射频馈电网络的每个输出端连接对应的天线单元，每个扇区中，各天线单元所对应的各输出端所输出的各信号的幅度一致，并且，各输出端所输出的各信号中，相邻输出端对应信号的相位差固定，因此，通过射频馈电网络将信号控制模块的发出功率平均分配至每个天线单元，并且通过射频馈电网络将相邻输出端所输出的信号之间设置相位差来扩大一个扇区内的信号的覆盖面。因此，在任一扇区内的天线单元在扇区范围内发射相同功率、相同频率且具有稳定相位差的信号，从而在扇区范围内实现高增益和全覆盖，进而，实现侦测装置在水平方向上的全覆盖能力和高增益。因此，通过定向天线阵列和射频馈电网络的组合在提高增益的同时实现在水平方向的全覆盖，并且实现设备轻量化。
Smart Images
Figure CN122800927A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and more specifically to a UAV detection device. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing application of drones in fields such as inspection, surveying, logistics, security, and urban air traffic, their operating environments are becoming increasingly complex, placing higher demands on their long-range, high-precision detection capabilities. Detection devices not only need 360° horizontal coverage to handle targets from any direction, but also must possess high gain characteristics to ensure sufficient detection range. Meanwhile, as a drone payload, lightweight design is a rigid constraint ensuring the flight platform's endurance and maneuverability. Currently, there is a performance contradiction among these three indicators: full coverage, high gain, and lightweight design. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The technical problem solved by this invention is to achieve full coverage, high gain, and lightweight design of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection devices.
[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a UAV detection device, comprising: a directional antenna array including multiple antenna elements; a signal control module for controlling the antenna elements to transmit signals, wherein the circumferential area of the signal control module is equally divided into three sectors, and at least two antenna elements are arranged in each sector; and an radio frequency (RF) feed network, wherein the input end of the RF feed network is connected to the signal control module, and multiple output ends of the RF feed network correspond one-to-one with the antenna elements, and each output end of the RF feed network is connected to a corresponding antenna element. In each sector, the amplitudes of the signals output by each output end corresponding to each antenna element are consistent, and the phase difference between signals from adjacent output ends is fixed.
[0005] Optionally, the RF feed network includes multiple hybrid couplers, with at least one hybrid coupler corresponding to each sector, and the signal control module is connected to the antenna unit through the hybrid couplers.
[0006] Optionally, the hybrid coupler has a first input port, a second input port, a first output port, and a second output port, wherein at least one of the first input port and the second input port is used to receive input power, and the first output port and the second output port are used to output the received input power equally.
[0007] Optionally, each sector's hybrid coupler includes at least a first type of hybrid coupler, where the first and second input ports of the first type of hybrid coupler serve as input terminals of the RF feed network to connect to the signal control module; and the first and second output ports of the first type of hybrid coupler serve as output terminals of the RF feed network to connect to the antenna unit, respectively.
[0008] Optionally, the hybrid coupler for each sector is a second type of hybrid coupler, comprising at least a first-stage hybrid coupler and a second-stage hybrid coupler; the first and second input ports of the first-stage hybrid coupler serve as input terminals of the RF feed network to connect to the signal control module; the first output port of the first-stage hybrid coupler connects to the first input port of the corresponding second-stage hybrid coupler, and the second output port of the first-stage hybrid coupler connects to the first input port of the corresponding adjacent second-stage hybrid coupler; the first and second output ports of the second-stage hybrid coupler serve as output terminals of the RF feed network to connect to the antenna element, respectively.
[0009] Optionally, the distance between the antenna elements is 0.5 to 1 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the UAV detection device.
[0010] Optionally, the antenna element includes at least one of a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, and a microstrip patch antenna.
[0011] Optionally, the phase difference includes at least one of 45°, 90°, 120°, and 180°.
[0012] Optionally, the hybrid coupler includes at least one of microstrip and cavity forms.
[0013] Optionally, the hybrid coupler is integrated on the antenna unit or the signal control module.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The UAV detection device provided by the present invention includes a directional antenna array, a signal control module, and an radio frequency feed network. The directional antenna array includes multiple antenna elements; the signal control module controls the antenna elements to transmit signals. Since the signal control module divides its circumferential area into three equal sectors, with at least two antenna elements in each sector, this three-sector division scheme allows for high gain across the coverage area of each sector. Simultaneously, the three-sector design limits the number of antenna elements, reducing device weight and achieving lightweight design. Since the input of the RF feed network is connected to the signal control module, and the multiple outputs of the RF feed network correspond one-to-one with the antenna elements, with each output connected to a corresponding antenna element, the amplitudes of the signals output by each output corresponding to each antenna element in each sector are consistent. Furthermore, the phase difference between signals from adjacent outputs is fixed. Therefore, the RF feed network evenly distributes the power emitted by the signal control module to each antenna element and establishes a phase difference between signals output from adjacent outputs to expand the signal coverage within a sector. Thus, antenna elements within any sector transmit signals of the same power and frequency with a stable phase difference within the sector, achieving high gain and full coverage within the sector. Consequently, the detection device achieves full coverage and high gain in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the combination of a directional antenna array and an RF feed network improves gain while achieving full horizontal coverage and reduces device weight. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a drone detection device; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another type of drone detection device; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a drone detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hybrid coupler provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sector of a drone detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a performance comparison chart between the UAV detection device provided in one embodiment of the present invention and a conventional three-sector UAV detection device; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sector of a drone detection device provided in another embodiment of the present invention.
[0016] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100. Antenna unit. Detailed Implementation
[0017] As described in the background section, there is currently a performance contradiction among the three key indicators of drones: full coverage capability, high gain, and lightweight design. This will be explained in detail below.
[0018] Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a drone detection device. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another type of drone detection device. It should be noted that... Figures 1 to 3 To explain the performance contradictions among the three indicators of drone's full coverage capability, high gain, and lightweight design, irrelevant explanations are omitted.
[0019] Please refer to Figure 1 One approach uses a three-sector division, with antennas positioned in each sector to achieve initial horizontal coverage. However, the limited number of antennas within a single sector results in low antenna gain, restricting the device's effective detection radius. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 2 Increasing the number of antennas within a sector improves antenna gain, but simultaneously narrows the antenna's radiation lobe, creating a blind zone in the horizontal plane and resulting in a performance conflict between antenna gain and full horizontal coverage. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3 In another approach, antenna gain is increased by adding more sectors, such as a six-sector antenna array, to achieve full horizontal coverage. However, this increases the weight of the equipment and the power consumption, making it difficult to meet the requirements for long-term continuous operation.
[0020] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a drone detection device that achieves full horizontal coverage while increasing gain through a combination of a directional antenna array and an RF feed network, and also achieves device lightweighting.
[0021] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and beneficial effects of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0022] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus. Additionally, directional terms such as above, below, up, down, upward, downward, left, right, etc., are used relative to exemplary embodiments as they are shown in the figures, with upward or upper directions pointing towards the top of the corresponding figure and downward or lower directions pointing towards the bottom of the corresponding figure.
[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a drone detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0024] Please refer to Figure 4 The drone detection device includes: a directional antenna array, a signal control module, and a radio frequency power supply network.
[0025] In this embodiment, the directional antenna array includes multiple antenna elements 100.
[0026] In this embodiment, the distance between the antenna elements 100 is 0.5 to 1 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the UAV detection device.
[0027] Specifically, the antenna element 100 may include a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, or a microstrip patch antenna.
[0028] In this embodiment, the signal control module is used to control the antenna unit 100 to transmit signals. The circumferential area of the signal control module is divided into three equal sectors, and at least two antenna units 100 are provided in each sector.
[0029] Specifically, the angle between two adjacent sectors is 120°.
[0030] Specifically, at least two antenna elements 100 are set in each sector. This can be understood as setting at least two antenna elements 100 in the horizontal direction of each sector, while the number of antennas set in the vertical direction of the sector is unlimited.
[0031] Specifically, the circumferential area can be understood as the area surrounding the drone detection device on a horizontal plane (or in a 360° horizontal direction) with the center of the drone detection device as the origin.
[0032] In this embodiment, the input end of the RF feed network is connected to the signal control module, and the multiple output ends of the RF feed network correspond one-to-one with the antenna element 100. Each output end of the RF feed network is connected to the corresponding antenna element 100.
[0033] In each sector, the amplitudes of the signals output by each output terminal corresponding to each antenna element 100 are consistent, and the phase difference between the signals output by adjacent output terminals is fixed.
[0034] Specifically, the phase difference includes at least one of 45°, 90°, 120° and 180°.
[0035] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 4 The radio frequency feed network includes multiple hybrid couplers, with at least one hybrid coupler corresponding to each sector, and the signal control module is connected to the antenna unit 100 through the hybrid couplers.
[0036] Specifically, hybrid couplers include at least one of microstrip and cavity forms.
[0037] Specifically, the hybrid coupler can be integrated into the antenna unit section or into the signal control module section.
[0038] Please refer to Figure 5 The hybrid coupler has a first input port, a second input port, a first output port, and a second output port. At least one of the first input port and the second input port is used to receive input power, and the first output port and the second output port are used to output the received input power equally.
[0039] Specifically, the hybrid coupler consists of two input ports and two output ports. The two input ports are connected to the signal control module and have good isolation between them. Meanwhile, the two output ports are connected to two antenna elements 100 respectively. The paths from the two output ports to the first and second input ports have opposite phase differences, so as to achieve the technical effect of high gain and wide coverage through the combination of the two input ports.
[0040] Please refer to Figure 6 Each sector's hybrid coupler includes at least a first-type hybrid coupler. The first and second input ports of the first-type hybrid coupler serve as input terminals of the RF feed network to connect to the signal control module.
[0041] In this embodiment, the first and second output ports of the first type of hybrid coupler serve as the output terminals of the radio frequency feed network and are respectively connected to the antenna unit 100.
[0042] In this embodiment, the phase difference between the signals corresponding to adjacent output terminals is 90°.
[0043] In this embodiment, the UAV detection device includes a directional antenna array, a signal control module, and an RF feed network. The directional antenna array includes multiple antenna elements 100; the signal control module controls the antenna elements 100 to transmit signals. Since the signal control module divides its circumferential area into three equal sectors, with at least two antenna elements 100 in each sector, this three-sector division scheme allows for high gain across the coverage area of each sector. Simultaneously, the three-sector design limits the number of antenna elements 100, reducing device weight and achieving lightweight design. Since the input of the RF feed network is connected to the signal control module, and the multiple outputs of the RF feed network correspond one-to-one with the antenna elements 100, each output of the RF feed network is connected to its corresponding antenna element 100. In each sector, the amplitudes of the signals output by each output of each antenna element 100 are consistent, and the phase difference between signals from adjacent outputs is fixed. Therefore, the RF feed network evenly distributes the power emitted by the signal control module to each antenna element, and sets a phase difference between signals output from adjacent outputs to expand the signal coverage within a sector. Thus, antenna elements 100 in any sector transmit signals with the same power, frequency, and stable phase difference within the sector, thereby achieving high gain and full coverage within the sector, and consequently, achieving full coverage and high gain in the horizontal direction for the detection device. Therefore, the combination of directional antenna array and RF feed network improves gain while achieving full coverage in the horizontal direction and reduces device weight.
[0044] Specifically, such as Figure 7 As shown, the drone detection device in this embodiment has higher gain than the conventional three-sector drone detection device, and can achieve a wider range of full coverage in the horizontal direction.
[0045] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 8 Each sector's hybrid coupler is a second type of hybrid coupler, comprising at least a first-level hybrid coupler and a second-level hybrid coupler.
[0046] Specifically, in another embodiment, the first and second input ports of the first-stage hybrid coupler serve as input terminals of the radio frequency feed network to connect to the signal control module.
[0047] Specifically, in another embodiment, the first output port of the first-stage hybrid coupler is connected to the first input port of the corresponding second-stage hybrid coupler, and the second output port of the first-stage hybrid coupler is connected to the first input port of the corresponding adjacent second-stage hybrid coupler.
[0048] Specifically, in another embodiment, the first and second output ports of the second-stage hybrid coupler serve as the output terminals of the radio frequency feed network to be connected to the antenna unit 100, respectively.
[0049] In another embodiment, the phase difference between signals corresponding to adjacent output terminals is 45°.
[0050] In another embodiment, since an RF feed network consisting of a second type of hybrid coupler is provided, the number of antenna elements can be increased, further improving the gain. Simultaneously, since the antenna elements 100 in any sector transmit signals with the same power, frequency, and stable phase difference within the sector, the detection device achieves full horizontal coverage and high gain.
[0051] While the present invention has been disclosed above, it is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.
Claims
1. A drone detection device, characterized in that, include: A directional antenna array, comprising multiple antenna elements; A signal control module is used to control the antenna unit to transmit signals. The circumferential area of the signal control module is divided into three equal sectors, and at least two antenna units are provided in each sector. The radio frequency (RF) feed network has its input connected to the signal control module. The multiple outputs of the RF feed network correspond one-to-one with the antenna elements. Each output of the RF feed network is connected to a corresponding antenna element. In each sector, the amplitudes of the signals output by each output of each antenna element are consistent, and the phase difference between adjacent output signals is fixed.
2. The UAV detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radio frequency feed network includes multiple hybrid couplers, with at least one hybrid coupler corresponding to each sector, and the signal control module is connected to the antenna unit through the hybrid couplers.
3. The UAV detection device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The hybrid coupler has a first input port, a second input port, a first output port, and a second output port. At least one of the first input port and the second input port is used to receive input power, and the first output port and the second output port are used to output the received input power equally.
4. The UAV detection device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Each sector's hybrid coupler includes at least a first type of hybrid coupler, with the first and second input ports of the first type of hybrid coupler serving as input terminals of the RF feed network to connect to the signal control module; The first and second output ports of the first type of hybrid coupler serve as the output terminals of the radio frequency feed network, and are respectively connected to the antenna unit.
5. The UAV detection device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The hybrid coupler for each sector is a second type of hybrid coupler, which includes at least a first-level hybrid coupler and a second-level hybrid coupler; The first and second input ports of the first-stage hybrid coupler serve as the input terminals of the radio frequency feed network to connect to the signal control module; The first output port of the first-stage hybrid coupler is connected to the first input port of the corresponding second-stage hybrid coupler, and the second output port of the first-stage hybrid coupler is connected to the first input port of the corresponding adjacent second-stage hybrid coupler. The first and second output ports of the second-stage hybrid coupler serve as the output terminals of the radio frequency feed network, and are respectively connected to the antenna unit.
6. The UAV detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the antenna elements is 0.5 to 1 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the UAV detection device.
7. The UAV detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna element includes at least one of a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, and a microstrip patch antenna.
8. The UAV detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The phase difference includes at least one of 45°, 90°, 120° and 180°.
9. The UAV detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hybrid coupler includes at least one of microstrip and cavity forms.
10. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hybrid coupler is integrated on the antenna unit or the signal control module.