A box-type substation fault arc directional pressure relief protection device

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of box-type substations, in particular to a box-type substation fault arc directional pressure relief protection device, which comprises a box-type substation, a pressure relief channel is formed in the top of the box-type substation, a heat insulation ring is nested in the pressure relief channel, a ring-shaped plate is clamped in the port of the top of the heat insulation ring, two slide grooves are symmetrically formed in the top of the ring-shaped plate, and a sliding block is slidably connected in each slide groove; in the application, the ultrasonic wind direction sensor and the guide assembly are cooperatively controlled to ensure that the pressure relief flap is always parallel to the natural wind direction, eliminate lateral wind pressure interference, and realize the linkage of the pressure sensor and the controller, so that the wind is driven and the flap is opened at the moment of overpressure, the response is rapid, the pressure relief is timely, and the flap forms an inverted V-shaped structure after being opened, which has the dual functions of guiding rainwater discharge, preventing backflow and blocking internal debris flying, and takes into account environmental protection and safety isolation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of prefabricated substations, specifically a directional pressure relief protection device for fault arcing in prefabricated substations. Background Technology

[0002] To meet the dual requirements of smart grids for equipment digitization and high reliability, the directional pressure relief device for arc faults in prefabricated substations is no longer a simple mechanical pressure relief channel, but a key execution terminal in the state perception layer of smart substations. It utilizes a directional flow channel design to ensure the safe leakage of arc energy, while integrating an intelligent monitoring module to encode the pressure relief valve action signal, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the enclosure, and arc information in real time. This information is then connected to the integrated management and control platform of the smart grid via the IEC 61850 communication protocol. This combination enables the operation and maintenance center to diagnose the health status of the pressure relief mechanism online and obtain the accident waveform immediately after a fault occurs. This provides accurate data support for the accident inversion and operation and maintenance decision-making of the smart grid, truly realizing the intelligent leap from a passive protection device to one that actively participates in the safety and stability of the power grid.

[0003] Existing technologies disclose several invention patents in the field of prefabricated substations. Among them, patent publication number CN116526347A discloses a prefabricated substation and a container. The prefabricated substation includes a container and a medium-voltage switchgear. The container includes a medium-voltage chamber, which is vertically enclosed by columns and an outer shell to house the medium-voltage switchgear. An arc-venting channel is provided on the side of the medium-voltage switchgear, enclosed by columns, the side shell of the medium-voltage chamber, and a partition between the side shell of the medium-voltage switchgear and the side shell of the medium-voltage chamber. Alternatively, an arc-venting channel is provided on the back of the medium-voltage switchgear, enclosed by the back shell of the medium-voltage chamber and a partition between the back shell of the medium-voltage switchgear and the back of the medium-voltage switchgear. An arc-venting port is provided at one end of the arc-venting channel near the top of the medium-voltage chamber to guide the arc outside the medium-voltage chamber. The provided prefabricated substation has a self-venting arc function, therefore eliminating the need for an arc-venting port vertically below it. A separate arc-venting space is set up on the foundation, which greatly reduces infrastructure and time costs and improves the safety of the prefabricated substation. The existing fault arc-directional pressure relief devices of prefabricated substations mostly adopt a flap structure, which is mainly divided into two types: magnetic and nylon rivet. The former has the upper end of the flap connected to the pressure relief channel outlet by a hinge, and the lower end is held closed by a magnet. When the internal high-pressure impact force of the arc exceeds the magnetic force, the flap opens to release pressure. After the pressure is reduced, it falls back by gravity or a return spring, and the magnet re-closes to achieve a seal and dust prevention. The latter is used for heat dissipation air ducts. One side of the fan plate is fixed with nylon rivets, and the other side is fitted with a hinge. In case of a fault, the high-pressure air wave breaks the rivets, and the fan plate flips along the hinge to open the pressure relief channel. However, both methods have common defects. The pressure relief flap is easily affected by external natural wind pressure at the moment of opening and during the process, which leads to unstable opening angle, reduced pressure relief efficiency, and may affect the reliability of subsequent reset sealing.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention designs a directional pressure relief protection device for fault arcing in a prefabricated substation to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a directional pressure relief protection device for arc faults in prefabricated substations. This invention primarily addresses the problem that existing directional pressure relief devices for arc faults in prefabricated substations often employ a flap-type structure, mainly divided into two categories: magnetic and nylon rivet. In the former, the upper end of the flap is hinged to the pressure relief channel outlet, while the lower end is held closed by a magnet. When the high-pressure impact force of the internal arc exceeds the magnetic force, the flap opens to release pressure. After the pressure decreases, it falls back by gravity or a return spring, and the magnet re-closes to achieve a seal and dust prevention. The latter is used in heat dissipation ducts, with one side of the fan plate fixed by nylon rivets and the other side fitted with a hinge. In case of a fault, the high-pressure airflow breaks the rivets, and the fan plate flips along the hinge to open the pressure relief channel. However, both methods share a common drawback: the pressure relief flap is easily affected by external natural wind pressure during and at the moment of opening, leading to unstable opening angles, reduced pressure relief efficiency, and potentially affecting the reliability of subsequent reset sealing.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a box-type substation fault arc directional pressure relief protection device, including a box-type substation, wherein a pressure relief channel is opened on the top of the box-type substation, a heat insulation ring is nested in the pressure relief channel, an annular plate is snapped into the port at the top of the heat insulation ring, two sliding grooves are symmetrically opened on both sides of the top of the annular plate, a slider is slidably connected in each sliding groove, and a spring is embedded in each sliding groove. The two sliders are elastically supported by the inner sidewall of the sliding groove through the corresponding springs. The top of each slider is fixedly connected to an adapter, and a pressure relief flap is rotatably connected to each adapter, and the two pressure relief flaps are hinged to each other. The box-type substation is also equipped with a guide assembly, which is used to drive the heat insulation ring to rotate, so as to adjust the orientation of the two pressure relief flaps according to the external wind direction.

[0007] Preferably, the guiding component includes: A second annular groove is formed on the inner side wall of the pressure relief channel, and a transition ring is rotatably sleeved in the second annular groove. The transition ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer annular surface of the annular plate. A first annular groove and a first drive groove are provided on the inner top of the box-type substation. A toothed ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer ring surface of the annular plate corresponding to the first annular groove. A gear that meshes with the toothed ring is embedded in the first drive groove. And a motor installed on the top of the inner side of the box-type substation, wherein the gear is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the motor.

[0008] Preferably, a cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner wall of each of the slides, and an oil storage tank is provided on one side of the cylinder. The oil storage tank and the cylinder are connected by an oil pipe, and a damping control valve is provided on the oil pipe. A piston rod is slidably sleeved inside the other end of the cylinder. A piston disc is fixedly connected to one end of the piston rod, and the piston disc is slidably sleeved inside the cylinder. The other end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the corresponding slider. A spring is sleeved on the cylinder and the piston rod. One end of the spring is located on the outer wall of the cylinder, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the piston rod.

[0009] Preferably, the outer wall of the cylinder is provided with external threads, and a nut is threaded onto the external threads. The end of the spring away from the piston rod abuts against the side of the nut that is close to it.

[0010] Preferably, a baffle is fixedly connected to the top of one of the pressure relief flaps, and the free end of the baffle abuts against the top of the other pressure relief flap; The top of the annular plate is provided with a third annular groove, and a first sealing ring is nested in the third annular groove. The top of the first sealing ring abuts against the bottom of the two pressure relief flaps.

[0011] Preferably, a permanent magnet plate is embedded at the ends of the two sliders that are far apart from each other, and a second driving groove is opened on the inner wall of each sliding groove corresponding to the permanent magnet plate. An electromagnet is embedded in each second driving groove, and the electromagnet and the opposite permanent magnet plate are the same magnetic poles after being energized.

[0012] Preferably, a first tapered tube is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular plate, a second straight tube is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first tapered tube, and the bottom end of the second straight tube is slidably sleeved with the first straight tube; The bottom of the first straight tube is fixedly connected to a second tapered tube. The inner wall of the second straight tube is provided with a fourth annular groove. A second sealing ring is nested in the fourth annular groove and is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the first straight tube.

[0013] Preferably, a first adapter frame is fixedly connected to the top of the first straight pipe at each of the two pressure relief flaps. A push-pull rod is rotatably connected to the inner side of the top of each first adapter frame. A second adapter frame is rotatably connected to the end of the push-pull rod away from the first adapter frame. A through hole is provided on the annular plate at each of the two slide grooves. The two second adapter frames are slidably sleeved in the two through holes respectively, and the end of each second adapter frame away from the push-pull rod is fixedly connected to the corresponding slider.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of metal wire meshes are snapped onto the top end of the first straight tube, and the metal wire meshes follow the first straight tube in a vertical up-and-down movement.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. In this invention, the ultrasonic wind direction sensor and the guiding component work together to ensure that the pressure relief flap is always parallel to the natural wind direction, eliminating lateral wind pressure interference. The pressure sensor and the controller work together to drive the wind and open the flap instantly when overpressure occurs. The response is rapid and the pressure is released in time. After the flap is opened, it forms an inverted V-shaped structure, which has the dual functions of guiding rainwater outward, preventing backflow, and blocking internal debris from flying out, thus taking into account both environmental protection and safety isolation.

[0016] 2. In this invention, the damping control valve is activated during the opening phase to ensure a rapid response of the flapper. During the reset phase, slow closure is achieved through the gradual return of hydraulic oil, effectively preventing violent impacts and achieving a coordinated balance between rapid opening and slow reset. The initial compression of the spring can be steplessly adjusted by rotating the nut, allowing for precise calibration of the opening pressure threshold to adapt to different volumes and fault levels. Furthermore, it can compensate for permanent deformation of the spring after long-term use, maintaining stable performance.

[0017] 3. In this invention, the baffle and the first sealing ring form two continuous sealing protections before and after the flap is opened, blocking the path of rainwater infiltration, eliminating the dynamic protection blind spot, ensuring the dry operation of internal electrical equipment, and using the repulsive force between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet plate as an auxiliary driving force to accelerate the synchronous opening of the flap, shorten the pressure relief action time, and is especially suitable for low pressure rise rate conditions, improving the adaptability to various faults.

[0018] 4. In this invention, the airflow accelerates in the contraction section, decreases pressure and increases speed in the narrowest section, and recovers pressure in the expansion section, forming a complete Venturi effect. This actively draws in high-temperature gas, and the throat length dynamically changes with the flap opening, achieving adaptive matching under different fault intensities and significantly improving pressure relief efficiency. Multiple layers of metal wire mesh form a flame barrier at the pressure relief outlet, achieving flame quenching through segmented cooling and heat dissipation, effectively preventing open flame ejection and ensuring the safety of the external environment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the annular plate in this invention, viewed from below. Figure 4 In this invention Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram from another sectional view; Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 6 In this invention Figure 4 A frontal view of the planar structure; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the guide component in this invention; Figure 8 In this invention Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the planar structure in cross-section; Figure 9 In this invention Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure; Figure 10 This is the present invention. Figure 9 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 11 In this invention Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the disassembled structure; Figure 12 This is the present invention. Figure 11 Enlarged structural diagram at point C; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the two pressure relief flaps in this invention are opened; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the signal relationship of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Prefabricated substation; 2. Pressure relief channel; 3. Heat insulation ring; 4. Annular plate; 5. Slide groove; 6. Sliding block; 7. Adapter; 8. Pressure relief flap; 9. Spring; 10. Gear ring; 11. Gear; 12. Motor; 13. First annular groove; 14. First drive groove; 15. Second annular groove; 16. Adapter ring; 17. Cylinder; 18. Piston rod; 19. Oil pipe; 20. Oil storage tank; 21. Damping control valve; 22. Baffle; 3. Third annular groove; 24. First sealing ring; 25. Second drive groove; 26. Electromagnet; 27. Permanent magnet plate; 28. First tapered tube; 29. ​​First straight tube; 30. Second tapered tube; 31. First adapter frame; 32. Push-pull rod; 33. Second adapter frame; 34. Through hole; 35. Piston disc; 36. Metal wire mesh; 37. Fourth annular groove; 38. Second sealing ring; 39. Second straight tube; 40. Threaded surface; 41. Nut. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 14As shown, a fault arc directional pressure relief protection device for a prefabricated substation includes a prefabricated substation 1. A pressure relief channel 2 is provided on the top of the prefabricated substation 1. A heat insulation ring 3 is nested inside the pressure relief channel 2. An annular plate 4 is snapped into the port at the top of the heat insulation ring 3. Two sliding grooves 5 are symmetrically opened on both sides of the top of the annular plate 4. A slider 6 is slidably connected in each sliding groove 5, and a spring 9 is embedded in each sliding groove 5. The two sliders 6 are elastically supported by the inner sidewall of the sliding groove 5 through the corresponding spring 9. An adapter 7 is fixedly connected to the top of each slider 6. A pressure relief flap 8 is rotatably connected to each adapter 7, and the two pressure relief flaps 8 are hinged to each other. The interior of the prefabricated substation 1 is also equipped with a guide assembly, which is used to drive the heat insulation ring 3 to rotate so as to adjust the orientation of the two pressure relief flaps 8 according to the external wind direction. The guiding components include: A second annular groove 15 is formed on the inner wall of the pressure relief channel 2. A transition ring 16 is rotatably sleeved in the second annular groove 15. The transition ring 16 is fixedly sleeved on the outer annular surface of the annular plate 4. The first annular groove 13 and the first drive groove 14 are opened on the top of the inner side of the box-type substation 1. A toothed ring 10 is fixedly sleeved on the outer ring surface of the annular plate 4 at the position corresponding to the first annular groove 13. A gear 11 that meshes with the toothed ring 10 is embedded in the first drive groove 14. And a motor 12 installed on the top of the inner side of the box-type substation 1, with a gear 11 fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the motor 12.

[0024] Specifically, this embodiment is as follows: A pressure sensor is installed inside the prefabricated substation 1, and an ultrasonic wind direction sensor is installed on the top of the prefabricated substation 1. The controller receives the sampling data from the ultrasonic wind direction sensor in real time, drives the motor 12 to run, and the output shaft of the motor 12 drives the gear 11 to rotate. Through the meshing transmission between the gear 11 and the gear ring 10, the torque is transmitted to the heat insulation ring 3. Under the torque drive, the heat insulation ring 3 rotates in the second annular groove 15 via the adapter ring 16, and the rotation angle of the heat insulation ring 3 is controlled until the heat insulation ring 3 stops rotating. The orientation of the two pressure relief flaps 8 remains parallel to the natural wind direction. When a fault occurs inside the prefabricated substation 1, the internal pressure of the prefabricated substation 1 will push the two pressure relief flaps 8 to open. The two pressure relief flaps 8 slide in their respective grooves 5 via the sliders 6 connected to them, compressing the corresponding springs 9, so that... It generates elastic deformation. At the same time, since the two pressure relief flaps 8 are hinged to each other, they form an inverted V-shaped structure after opening. Natural wind flows through the gap between the two pressure relief flaps 8. Through the coordinated control of the ultrasonic wind direction sensor and the guide component, the opening direction of the pressure relief flaps 8 is always parallel to the natural wind direction, effectively eliminating the interference of lateral wind pressure on the opening process of the pressure relief flaps 8, ensuring that the pressure relief channel 2 can be opened smoothly in the event of a fault. The pressure sensor monitors the pressure inside the box in real time. The pressure relief flaps 8 open automatically under the push of internal pressure, with a rapid response and timely pressure relief. The inverted V-shaped structure formed after the pressure relief flaps 8 are opened not only uses the inclined surface to guide rainwater outward to prevent rainwater backflow into the box-type substation 1, but also effectively blocks internal electrical components or debris from being ejected through the pressure relief channel 2 during the pressure relief process, taking into account both environmental protection and safety isolation.

[0025] Specifically, each slide 5 has a cylinder 17 fixedly connected to its inner wall, and an oil storage tank 20 is provided on one side of the cylinder 17. The oil storage tank 20 and the cylinder 17 are connected by an oil pipe 19, and a damping control valve 21 is provided on the oil pipe 19. A piston rod 18 is slidably sleeved inside the other end of the cylinder 17. One end of the piston rod 18 is fixedly connected to a piston disc 35, which is slidably sleeved inside the cylinder 17. The other end of the piston rod 18 is fixedly connected to the corresponding slider 6. A spring 9 is sleeved on the cylinder 17 and the piston rod 18. One end of the spring 9 is located on the outer wall of the cylinder 17, and the other end of the spring 9 is fixedly connected to the piston rod 18.

[0026] Specifically, in this embodiment: during the opening of the two pressure relief flaps 8, the slider 6 pushes the piston disc 35 to slide within the cylinder 17 via the piston rod 18. Hydraulic oil in the cylinder 17 flows into the oil storage tank 20 via the oil pipe 19. The oil storage tank 20 has a built-in piezoresistive pressure sensor. The opening degree of the pressure relief flaps 8 is determined based on the oil pressure change within the oil storage tank 20. After the two pressure relief flaps 8 have opened to the preset degree, the damping control valve 21 closes. During the opening phase, the damping control valve 21 is in a conducting state, ensuring that the pressure relief flaps 8 can respond quickly to open and can lock the two pressure relief flaps 8. Once the internal pressure of the prefabricated substation 1 stabilizes... Slider 6 returns to its starting position under the return force of spring 9. Slider 6 pulls piston disc 35 to slide in the opposite direction inside cylinder 17 via piston rod 18. At the same time, the controller sends a corresponding control command to damping control valve 21, causing hydraulic oil in oil tank 20 to slowly flow back to cylinder 17 through oil pipe 19, effectively slowing down the reset speed of the two pressure relief flaps 8, thus providing good buffer protection for the two pressure relief flaps 8. During the reset phase of pressure relief flaps 8, the hydraulic oil return speed is adjusted by damping control valve 21, causing pressure relief flaps 8 to close slowly, effectively avoiding the violent impact caused by the flaps rapidly resetting under the force of spring 9.

[0027] Specifically, the outer wall of the cylinder 17 is provided with external threads, and a nut 41 is threaded onto the external threads. The end of the spring 9 away from the piston rod 18 abuts against the side of the nut 41 that is close to it.

[0028] Specifically, this embodiment allows for convenient adjustment of the initial compression of the spring 9 by rotating the nut 41, thereby changing the trigger pressure threshold required for the opening of the pressure relief flap 8. This enables the device to adapt to application scenarios with different transformer capacities and different fault pressure levels. Adjusting the initial compression / initial preload of the spring 9 adjusts the opening pressure threshold of the pressure relief flap 8, ensuring that the pressure relief flap 8 opens accurately under the set pressure. This avoids premature or delayed opening due to spring 9 force deviation. Adjusting the nut 41 can appropriately compensate for the permanent deformation of the spring 9 after long-term use, maintaining the stable performance of the spring 9.

[0029] Specifically, a baffle 22 is fixedly connected to the top of one of the pressure relief flaps 8, and the free end of the baffle 22 abuts against the top of the other pressure relief flap 8; The top of the annular plate 4 is provided with a third annular groove 23, and a first sealing ring 24 is nested in the third annular groove 23. The top of the first sealing ring 24 abuts against the bottom of the two pressure relief flaps 8 respectively.

[0030] Specifically, in this embodiment, the baffle 22 can form a shield when the two pressure relief flaps 8 are closed, so as to prevent rainwater from seeping into the pressure relief channel 2 through the hinge of the two pressure relief flaps 8. The top of the first sealing ring 24 abuts against the bottom of the two pressure relief flaps 8 respectively, so as to form a sealed protection for the bottom of the two pressure relief flaps 8. Through the cooperation of the baffle 22 and the first sealing ring 24, two layers of protection are formed at the hinge and bottom of the pressure relief flaps 8 respectively, effectively blocking the path of rainwater seeping into the pressure relief channel 2 along the gap of the pressure relief flaps 8, and ensuring a dry environment inside the box-type substation 1.

[0031] Specifically, permanent magnet plates 27 are embedded at the ends of the two sliders 6 that are far apart from each other. A second drive groove 25 is opened on the inner wall of each groove 5 corresponding to the permanent magnet plate 27. An electromagnet 26 is embedded in each second drive groove 25. When the electromagnet 26 is energized, it and the opposite permanent magnet plate 27 are the same magnetic poles.

[0032] Specifically, in this implementation, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure exceeds a preset threshold, the controller simultaneously sends a working command to both electromagnets 26. After the electromagnets 26 are energized, their magnetic poles are the same as those on the opposite side of the corresponding permanent magnet plate 27. Thus, under the action of repulsion, the slider 6 is pushed to slide rapidly in the slide groove 5, simultaneously opening the two pressure relief flaps 8. Utilizing the repulsive force between the like poles of the electromagnets 26 and the permanent magnet plate 27 as an auxiliary driving force, the slider 6 is actively pushed to slide at the moment of the fault, accelerating the opening response of the pressure relief flaps 8 and effectively shortening the pressure relief action time. The controller simultaneously sends commands to both electromagnets 26. This ensures that the sliders 6 on both sides move synchronously, and the two pressure relief flaps 8 open simultaneously, avoiding uneven loading or jamming caused by asynchronous opening. The electromagnetic repulsion helps to overcome the preload of the spring 9 and the weight of the pressure relief flap 8, allowing the pressure relief flap 8 to open quickly under low internal pressure. It is especially suitable for scenarios with low current faults and slow pressure rise rates, improving the device's adaptability to various fault conditions. The faster opening speed of the pressure relief flap 8 directly shortens the duration of the pressure peak, which helps to reduce the pressure inside the chamber more quickly, reduce the time for high-temperature gas to corrode the internal equipment, and improve the overall pressure relief protection effect.

[0033] Specifically, the bottom of the annular plate 4 is fixedly connected to a first tapered tube 28, the bottom of the first tapered tube 28 is fixedly connected to a second straight tube 39, and the bottom end of the second straight tube 39 is slidably sleeved with the first straight tube 29. The bottom of the first straight tube 29 is fixedly connected to the second tapered tube 30. The inner wall of the second straight tube 39 is provided with a fourth annular groove 37. The fourth annular groove 37 is nested in the second sealing ring 38, and the second sealing ring 38 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the first straight tube 29. The top of the first straight pipe 29 is fixedly connected to the two pressure relief flaps 8. The inner side of the top of each first adapter 31 is rotatably connected to a push-pull rod 32. The end of the push-pull rod 32 away from the first adapter 31 is rotatably connected to a second adapter 33. The annular plate 4 is provided with through holes 34 at the two sliding grooves 5. The two second adapters 33 are slidably sleeved in the two through holes 34 respectively, and the end of each second adapter 33 away from the push-pull rod 32 is fixedly connected to the corresponding slider 6.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment, the gas inside the prefabricated substation 1, as it flows towards the pressure relief channel 2, first enters the second conical pipe 30 (contraction section). After passing through the contraction section, the airflow velocity gradually increases. Then, it enters the narrowest straight pipe section formed by the combination of the first straight pipe 29 and the second straight pipe 39. At this point, the airflow velocity reaches its maximum value, and the static pressure drops to its minimum. Afterward, it enters the first conical pipe 28 (expansion section), where the airflow velocity gradually recovers, and the pressure is also largely restored. The overall airflow direction is from the second conical pipe 30 through the throat to the first conical pipe 28 (axis pointing towards the pressure relief flap 8). During the opening of the two pressure relief flaps 8, the two sliders 6 approach each other. The sliders 6 push the second adapter 33, and the second adapter 33 applies a pushing force to the push-pull rod 32. One end of the push-pull rod 32 rotates around the second adapter. The end of frame 33 rotates, and at the same time, the thrust is transmitted to the first straight pipe 29 through the first adapter frame 31, so that the overall length of the second straight pipe 39 and the first straight pipe 29 increases accordingly. The airflow is accelerated through the contraction section, depressurized and accelerated through the narrowest straight pipe section, and the pressure is restored through the expansion section, forming a complete Venturi effect. This plays a role in contraction, acceleration and diffusion of the high-temperature gas and arc products in the box, which is conducive to the smooth progress of the pressure relief process. During the opening of the two pressure relief flaps 8, the sliders 6 move towards each other. Through the linkage of the second adapter frame 33 and the push-pull rod 32, the first straight pipe 29 is driven to slide downward, so that the length of the straight pipe section formed by the combination of the second straight pipe 39 and the first straight pipe 29 increases. That is, the throat length of the Venturi tube changes accordingly with the opening of the flap, which can adapt to the flow requirements under different fault intensities.

[0035] Specifically, multiple metal meshes 36 are attached to the top port of the first straight tube 29, and the metal meshes 36 move vertically up and down with the first straight tube 29.

[0036] Specifically, this embodiment involves installing multiple metal wire meshes 36 at the outlet of the pressure relief channel 2, forming a multi-layer barrier structure. When the high-temperature electric arc flame and airflow pass through the mesh of the multi-layer metal wire meshes 36, the airflow direction undergoes multiple deflections. Solid particles are partially intercepted due to inertial collisions, and heat exchange occurs between the airflow and the metal wire meshes 36, resulting in a reduction in the outlet airflow temperature and thus minimizing the direct thermal radiation impact on the external environment.

[0037] During operation, the box-type substation 1 is equipped with a pressure sensor and an ultrasonic wind direction sensor on its top. The controller adjusts the rotation angle of the heat insulation ring 3 according to the monitoring data of the ultrasonic wind direction sensor and the wind direction information, and drives the motor 12 to run. The output shaft of the motor 12 drives the gear 11 to rotate, and through the meshing transmission between the gear 11 and the gear ring 10, the torque is transmitted to the heat insulation ring 3, which in turn drives the heat insulation ring 3 to rotate in the second annular groove 15 via the adapter ring 16 until the heat insulation ring 3 stops rotating. The orientation of the two pressure relief flaps 8 is parallel to the natural wind direction. After that, the internal pressure of the box-type substation 1 pushes the two pressure relief flaps 8 to open. The two flaps slide in their respective sliding grooves 5 through the sliders 6 connected to them, and compress the corresponding springs 9 to produce elastic deformation. At the same time, since the two pressure relief flaps 8 are hinged to each other, they form an inverted V-shaped structure after opening, and the natural wind can flow smoothly through the gap between them. Through the coordinated control of the ultrasonic wind direction sensor and the guide component, the opening direction of the pressure relief flap 8 is always parallel to the natural wind direction, effectively eliminating the interference of lateral wind pressure on the flap opening process, ensuring that the pressure relief channel 2 can be opened smoothly when a fault occurs. The pressure sensor monitors the pressure inside the box in real time, and the controller immediately starts the motor 12 to drive the heat insulation ring 3 to ventilate when the pressure is overpressurized. At the same time, the pressure relief flap 8 opens automatically under the internal pressure, with a rapid response and timely pressure relief. The inverted V-shaped structure formed after the pressure relief flap 8 opens can guide rainwater outward by using the inclined surface to prevent rainwater from backflowing into the box-type substation 1, and can also effectively block internal electrical components or debris from flying out through the channel during the pressure relief process, taking into account both environmental protection and safety isolation. During the opening process of the two pressure relief flaps 8, the slider 6 pushes the piston disc 35 to slide inside the cylinder 17 through the piston rod 18. The hydraulic oil in the cylinder 17 flows into the oil storage tank 20 through the oil pipe 19. After the two pressure relief flaps 8 are opened to the preset degree, the damping control valve 21 is closed. During the opening stage, the damping control valve 21 is in the conducting state to ensure that the flaps can respond quickly to open and to lock the two pressure relief flaps 8. When the internal pressure of the box-type substation 1 tends to stabilize, the slider 6 makes a return motion under the push of the spring 9. The piston rod 18 pulls the piston disc 35 to slide in the opposite direction inside the cylinder 17. At the same time, the controller sends a corresponding control command to the damping control valve 21, so that the hydraulic oil in the oil storage tank 20 slowly flows back into the cylinder 17 through the oil pipe 19, thereby effectively slowing down the reset speed of the two pressure relief flaps 8 and playing a good buffering protection role for the flaps. During the reset phase of the pressure relief flap 8, the hydraulic oil return speed is adjusted by the damping control valve 21, so that the pressure relief flap 8 closes slowly, which effectively avoids the violent impact caused by the flap being reset quickly under the force of the spring 9. At the same time, during the opening phase, the damping control valve 21 is turned on to ensure that the flap can respond quickly, thus achieving a balance between rapid opening and slow reset. The initial compression of spring 9 can be easily adjusted by rotating nut 41, thereby changing the trigger pressure threshold required for opening the pressure relief flap 8. This allows the device to adapt to application scenarios with different transformer capacities and different fault pressure levels. Adjusting the initial compression of spring 9 adjusts the opening pressure threshold of pressure relief flap 8, ensuring that pressure relief flap 8 opens accurately under the set pressure. This avoids premature or delayed opening due to spring 9 force deviation. Adjusting nut 41 can also appropriately compensate for the permanent deformation of spring 9 after long-term use, maintaining the stable performance of spring 9. Before the two pressure relief flaps 8 are opened, the baffle 22 can form a shield to prevent rainwater from seeping into the pressure relief channel 2 through the hinge of the two pressure relief flaps 8. The top of the first sealing ring 24 abuts against the bottom of the two pressure relief flaps 8 to form a seal protection for the bottom of the two pressure relief flaps 8. Through the cooperation of the baffle 22 and the first sealing ring 24, two layers of protection are formed at the hinge and bottom of the pressure relief flaps 8, respectively, effectively blocking the path of rainwater seeping into the pressure relief channel 2 along the gap of the pressure relief flaps 8, and ensuring a dry environment inside the box-type substation 1. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure exceeds the preset threshold, the controller simultaneously sends a working command to both electromagnets 26. After the electromagnets 26 are energized, their magnetic poles are the same as those on the opposite side of the corresponding permanent magnet plate 27. Thus, under the action of repulsion, they push the slider 6 to slide rapidly in the slide groove 5, simultaneously opening the two pressure relief flaps 8. Utilizing the repulsive force between the like poles of the electromagnets 26 and the permanent magnet plate 27 as an auxiliary driving force, the controller actively pushes the slider 6 to slide at the moment of failure, accelerating the opening response of the pressure relief flaps 8 and effectively shortening the pressure relief action time. The controller simultaneously sends commands to both electromagnets 26 to ensure that both sides... The slider 6 moves synchronously, and the two pressure relief flaps 8 open simultaneously, avoiding uneven loading or jamming caused by asynchronous opening. The electromagnetic repulsion helps to overcome the preload of the spring 9 and the weight of the pressure relief flaps 8, allowing the pressure relief flaps 8 to open quickly under low internal pressure. This is especially suitable for scenarios with low current faults and slow pressure rise rates, improving the device's adaptability to various fault conditions. The faster opening speed of the pressure relief flaps 8 directly shortens the duration of the pressure peak, helping to reduce the pressure inside the chamber more quickly, reducing the time for high-temperature gas to corrode internal equipment, and improving the overall pressure relief protection effect. As the gas inside the prefabricated substation 1 flows towards the pressure relief channel 2, it first enters the second conical pipe 30. After passing through the contraction section, the airflow velocity gradually increases. It then enters the narrowest straight pipe section formed by the combination of the first straight pipe 29 and the second straight pipe 39, where the airflow velocity reaches its maximum and the static pressure drops to its minimum. Afterward, it enters the first conical pipe 28, where the airflow velocity gradually recovers, and the pressure is largely restored. During the opening of the two pressure relief flaps 8, the two sliders 6 approach each other. The sliders 6 push the second adapter frame 33, which applies a thrust to the push-pull rod 32. One end of the push-pull rod 32 rotates around the end of the second adapter frame 33, simultaneously transferring the thrust through the first adapter frame 31 to the first... The straight pipe 29 transmits pressure in the direction of the second straight pipe 39, thereby increasing the overall length of the first straight pipe 29 and the second straight pipe 39. The airflow is accelerated in the contraction section, depressurized and accelerated in the narrowest straight pipe section, and restored in the expansion section, forming a complete Venturi effect. This actively draws in high-temperature gas and arc products from the chamber, accelerating the depressurization process and significantly improving depressurization efficiency. During the opening of the two depressurization flaps 8, the sliders 6 move towards each other. Through the linkage of the second adapter 33 and the push-pull rod 32, the first straight pipe 29 is driven to slide downward, increasing the length of the straight pipe section formed by the combination of the second straight pipe 39 and the first straight pipe 29. That is, the throat length of the Venturi tube changes dynamically with the opening of the flaps, realizing adaptive matching under different fault intensities.

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fault arc directional pressure relief protection device for a prefabricated substation, comprising a prefabricated substation (1), wherein a pressure relief channel (2) is provided on the top of the prefabricated substation (1), characterized in that: The pressure relief channel (2) is nested with a heat insulation ring (3). A ring plate (4) is snapped into the port at the top of the heat insulation ring (3). Two sliding grooves (5) are symmetrically opened on both sides of the top of the ring plate (4). A slider (6) is slidably connected in each of the sliding grooves (5). A spring (9) is embedded in each of the sliding grooves (5). The two sliders (6) are elastically supported by the inner sidewall of the sliding groove (5) through the corresponding spring (9). An adapter (7) is fixedly connected to the top of each of the two sliders (6). A pressure relief flap (8) is rotatably connected to each adapter (7). The two pressure relief flaps (8) are hinged to each other. The box-type substation (1) is also equipped with a guide assembly, which is used to drive the heat insulation ring (3) to rotate so as to adjust the orientation of the two pressure relief flaps (8) according to the external wind direction.

2. The directional pressure relief protection device for fault arcing in a prefabricated substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guiding component includes: A second annular groove (15) is formed on the inner wall of the pressure relief channel (2), and a transition ring (16) is rotatably sleeved in the second annular groove (15). The transition ring (16) is fixedly sleeved on the outer ring surface of the annular plate (4). A first annular groove (13) and a first drive groove (14) are opened on the top inner side of the box-type substation (1). A toothed ring (10) is fixedly sleeved on the outer ring surface of the annular plate (4) at the position corresponding to the first annular groove (13). A gear (11) that meshes with the toothed ring (10) is embedded in the first drive groove (14). And a motor (12) installed on the top of the inner side of the box-type substation (1), wherein the gear (11) is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the motor (12).

3. The directional pressure relief protection device for fault arcing in a prefabricated substation according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the slide grooves (5) has a cylinder (17) fixedly connected to its inner sidewall. An oil storage tank (20) is provided on one side of the cylinder (17). The oil storage tank (20) and the cylinder (17) are connected by an oil pipe (19), and a damping control valve (21) is provided on the oil pipe (19). A piston rod (18) is slidably sleeved inside the other end of the cylinder (17). A piston disc (35) is fixedly connected to one end of the piston rod (18). The piston disc (35) is slidably sleeved inside the cylinder (17). The other end of the piston rod (18) is fixedly connected to the corresponding slider (6). A spring (9) is sleeved on the cylinder (17) and the piston rod (18). One end of the spring (9) is set on the outer wall of the cylinder (17), and the other end of the spring (9) is fixedly connected to the piston rod (18).

4. The directional pressure relief protection device for fault arcing in a prefabricated substation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the cylinder (17) is provided with an external thread, and a nut (41) is threaded onto the external thread. The end of the spring (9) away from the piston rod (18) abuts against the side of the nut (41) that is close to it.

5. A box-type substation fault arc directional pressure relief protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A baffle (22) is fixedly connected to the top of one of the pressure relief flaps (8), and the free end of the baffle (22) abuts against the top of the other pressure relief flap (8); The top of the annular plate (4) is provided with a third annular groove (23), and a first sealing ring (24) is nested in the third annular groove (23). The top of the first sealing ring (24) abuts against the bottom of the two pressure relief flaps (8).

6. The directional pressure relief protection device for fault arcing in a prefabricated substation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two sliders (6) are each provided with a permanent magnet plate (27) at one end away from each other. The inner wall of each groove (5) is provided with a second drive groove (25) corresponding to the permanent magnet plate (27). Each second drive groove (25) is provided with an electromagnet (26). When the electromagnet (26) is energized, it and the opposite permanent magnet plate (27) are the same magnetic poles.

7. A directional pressure relief protection device for fault arcing in a prefabricated substation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of the annular plate (4) is fixedly connected to a first tapered tube (28), the bottom of the first tapered tube (28) is fixedly connected to a second straight tube (39), and the bottom end of the second straight tube (39) is slidably sleeved with the first straight tube (29). The bottom of the first straight tube (29) is fixedly connected to a second tapered tube (30). The inner wall of the second straight tube (39) is provided with a fourth annular groove (37). A second sealing ring (38) is nested in the fourth annular groove (37). The second sealing ring (38) is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the first straight tube (29).

8. A directional pressure relief protection device for fault arcing in a prefabricated substation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the first straight pipe (29) is fixedly connected to the two pressure relief flaps (8), and the inner side of the top of each first adapter (31) is rotatably connected to a push-pull rod (32). The end of the push-pull rod (32) away from the first adapter (31) is rotatably connected to a second adapter (33). The annular plate (4) is provided with through holes (34) corresponding to the two slide grooves (5). The two second adapters (33) are slidably sleeved in the two through holes (34), and the end of each second adapter (33) away from the push-pull rod (32) is fixedly connected to the corresponding slider (6).

9. A directional pressure relief protection device for fault arcing in a prefabricated substation according to claim 8, characterized in that: Multiple metal wire meshes (36) are attached to the top port of the first straight tube (29), and the metal wire meshes (36) follow the first straight tube (29) to move up and down in the vertical direction.

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