A marine wind turbine nacelle power distribution switchgear based on dynamic load balancing and equipment

Abstract

This invention discloses a power distribution switchgear and equipment for offshore wind turbine nacelles based on dynamic load balancing. The switchgear includes a busbar compartment, a dynamic switching compartment, a direct-connection outgoing line compartment, a flexible outgoing line compartment, independent cooling ducts, and a control unit. The busbar compartment has a first main busbar and a second main busbar. The direct-connection outgoing line compartment has molded case circuit breakers connecting critical loads. The dynamic switching compartment has a double-throw vacuum contactor matrix connecting auxiliary loads. The independent cooling duct connects the centrifugal fan and an adjustable guide louver assembly. The control unit calculates an imbalance penalty index. When the imbalance penalty index exceeds a preset threshold, the power supply channel for the auxiliary load is switched to the low-load side busbar, and the guide louver assembly is driven to rotate at a preset angle to dissipate heat. This application can achieve multi-dimensional dynamic balancing, mitigate the risk of local collapse caused by extreme overload of a single busbar section, and extend the service life of the internal power distribution system of the wind turbine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power distribution control equipment technology, specifically to a power distribution switchgear, power distribution control method and equipment for offshore wind turbine nacelles based on dynamic load balancing, applicable to the offshore wind turbine nacelle environment. Background Technology

[0002] The nacelle of an offshore wind turbine integrates numerous electrical devices, including yaw motors, pitch systems, hydraulic stations, cooling water pumps, and heaters. The nacelle's power distribution cabinet is responsible for distributing power to all the equipment within the nacelle. Due to the extremely confined space and the high salt spray and humidity environment, the switchgear typically employs a fully enclosed cabinet structure with a high protection rating.

[0003] During wind turbine operation, the load within the nacelle exhibits extreme dynamic fluctuations due to drastic changes in wind conditions. For example, during frequent headwind yaw, the yaw motor's power consumption surges; at extremely low temperatures, the nacelle heater operates at full power. Traditional nacelle switchgear typically employs a static branch bus topology, with each load's outgoing terminals permanently fixed to a specific busbar. When a particular load group operates at high power for an extended period, its corresponding branch busbar and circuit breaker will be subjected to continuous high-current surges, leading to severe localized heat buildup. Limited by the fully enclosed cabinet structure and the limited global fan, traditional switchgear cannot mitigate this spatial thermal stress imbalance. Continuous thermal stress imbalance easily accelerates the aging of busbar insulation components, triggering phase-to-phase short-circuit faults and reducing the operational safety of offshore wind turbines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application solves the technical problem that traditional switchgear is prone to severe overload and local heat accumulation in a single busbar when faced with the drastic load fluctuations of wind turbine nacelles.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a power distribution switchgear for an offshore wind turbine nacelle based on dynamic load balancing, comprising a busbar compartment, a dynamic switching compartment, a direct-connection outgoing line compartment, and a flexible outgoing line compartment divided by partitions, as well as an independent heat dissipation duct and a control unit. The busbar compartment is equipped with a first main busbar and a second main busbar. The direct-connection outgoing line compartment is equipped with a molded case circuit breaker (MCB), the input side of which is connected to either the first or second main busbar, and the output side is connected to a critical load. The dynamic switching compartment is equipped with a double-throw vacuum contactor matrix, the stationary contacts of which are respectively connected to the first and second main busbars, and the moving contacts are connected to the flexible outgoing line compartment to supply power to auxiliary loads. The independent heat dissipation duct connects to a centrifugal fan and has multiple sets of adjustable guide louvers driven by stepper motors arranged laterally inside. The control unit is connected to a current sensor, a temperature sensor, the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix, and the stepper motor. It is configured to calculate the imbalance penalty index. When the imbalance penalty index exceeds a preset threshold, the control unit drives the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix to switch the auxiliary load power supply channel to the low-load side busbar and drives the stepper motor corresponding to the high point of the thermal field to rotate the adjustable guide louver group by a preset angle.

[0006] Furthermore, the adjustable guide louver assembly also includes an eccentric wheel linkage mechanism. The output shaft of the stepper motor is mechanically connected to the blade shaft of the adjustable guide louver assembly through the eccentric wheel linkage mechanism, thereby converting the rotational motion of the stepper motor into the pitch angle flipping motion of the blades.

[0007] Furthermore, the eccentric wheel linkage mechanism is configured to drive the blades to perform stepless pitch angle adjustment within a first rotation angle range, transforming the vertical airflow generated by the centrifugal fan within the independent cooling duct into a transverse jet. The first rotation angle range is 0 degrees to 75 degrees. The control unit adjusts the injection direction of the transverse jet by controlling the rotation steps of the stepper motor, ensuring that the injection path of the transverse jet is directly opposite the electrical nodes where heat accumulation occurs in the busbar chamber and the dynamic switching chamber.

[0008] Furthermore, the current sensor includes Hall current sensors disposed at the incoming ends of the first main busbar and the second main busbar. The temperature sensor includes an array of infrared temperature sensors distributed inside the busbar compartment and the dynamic switching compartment. The Hall current sensor and the infrared temperature sensor, together with the control unit, form a closed-loop data acquisition link.

[0009] Furthermore, the control unit incorporates electrothermal coordination logic, configured to calculate the imbalance penalty index based on the bus dynamic current data fed back by the Hall current sensor and the local temperature field data mapped by the infrared temperature sensor array, superimposed with a preset environmental compensation coefficient. The control unit is also configured to determine the globally optimal electrical connection topology for all auxiliary loads between the two main buses based on a greedy algorithm, and generate multi-channel electrical switching commands based on this globally optimal electrical connection topology, sending them to the corresponding coils within the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix.

[0010] Secondly, this application provides a power distribution control method applied to the aforementioned offshore wind turbine nacelle power distribution switchgear based on dynamic load balancing. The method includes periodically acquiring current and temperature data inside the power distribution switchgear; calculating the imbalance penalty index of the first and second main busbars based on the current and temperature data; when the imbalance penalty index exceeds a preset threshold, controlling a double-throw vacuum contactor matrix to switch the power supply channel of the auxiliary load to the low-load side busbar and identifying the high point position of the thermal field; driving the stepper motor corresponding to the high point position of the thermal field to rotate the corresponding adjustable guide louver group by a preset angle, outputting a directional cold air jet.

[0011] Furthermore, the operation of calculating the imbalance penalty index of the first main busbar and the second main busbar includes calculating the current deviation rate based on the first current value of the first main busbar and the second current value of the second main busbar; extracting the temperature peak value of each monitoring point in the busbar compartment and the dynamic switching compartment; multiplying the current deviation rate by the temperature peak value, and performing calculations in conjunction with a preset penalty weighting coefficient to obtain the imbalance penalty index.

[0012] Furthermore, the operation of controlling the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix to switch the power supply channel of the auxiliary load to the low-load side busbar includes, based on the greedy algorithm model and the constraint of minimizing the imbalance penalty index, traversing all switching state combinations of the auxiliary load; selecting the switching combination that maximizes the reduction of the global penalty index as the target switching scheme; and sending a control level to the coil of the corresponding double-throw vacuum contactor according to the target switching scheme.

[0013] Furthermore, the operation of driving the stepper motor corresponding to the high point of the thermal field to rotate the corresponding adjustable guide louver group by a preset angle includes calculating the deviation difference between the current ambient temperature at the high point of the thermal field and the system safe operating temperature threshold; determining the target pitch angle of the adjustable guide louver group based on the deviation difference, wherein when the deviation difference is within a preset high-risk heat accumulation range, the target pitch angle is forcibly set to a first specified angle within the range of 60 to 75 degrees; generating a pulse control signal containing the target displacement steps and sending it to the stepper motor driver at the corresponding position, so that the controlled adjustable guide louver group rotates to the target pitch angle.

[0014] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a power distribution control device, including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to implement the aforementioned power distribution control method.

[0015] The technical solution provided in this application has at least the following beneficial effects: By setting a topology-variable dual main bus architecture and an independent heat dissipation backplate air duct with guide louvers, and performing coordinated control based on the imbalance penalty index, auxiliary loads can be dynamically switched to low-load bus segments at the electrical level to distribute heat sources. Simultaneously, at the physical level, the angle of the guide vanes can be adjusted to directionally deliver cool air to high-load heat-generating areas for centralized cooling. This multi-dimensional dynamic balance between electrical loads and the physical thermal field mitigates the risk of localized collapse of a single bus segment due to extreme overload, and extends the service life of the wind turbine's internal power distribution system under extreme sea conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the offshore wind turbine nacelle power distribution switchgear based on dynamic load balancing provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is an internal cross-sectional view of the offshore wind turbine nacelle power distribution switchgear based on dynamic load balancing provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a logical structure block diagram of the power distribution control equipment provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the power distribution control method provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100: Distribution switchgear; 101: Cabinet frame; 102: Outer protective door panel; 103: Busbar compartment; 104: Dynamic switching compartment; 105: Direct-connection outgoing line compartment; 106: Flexible outgoing line compartment; 107: Air inlet compartment; 200: Independent heat dissipation duct; 201: First main busbar; 202: Second main busbar; 203: Molded case circuit breaker; 300: Double-throw vacuum contactor matrix; 401: High-voltage centrifugal fan; 402: Adjustable guide louver assembly; 403: Stepper motor; 404: Eccentric wheel; 405: Drive linkage; 406: Air guide vane; 407: Rotating central shaft; 500: Control unit; 501: Hall current sensor; 502: Infrared temperature sensor; V01 Power distribution control equipment; V02 :processor; V03 : Memory. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] It should be noted that all technical and scientific terms used in this document have their physical, chemical, or engineering meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. System parameters, thresholds, or operating parameters appearing in this document represent physical boundaries in an objective industrial environment. All directional indications are used only to explain the relative positional relationships or motion states between components in a specific orientation; if that specific orientation changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0023] Example 1: Offshore wind turbine nacelle power distribution switchgear based on dynamic load balancing Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a power distribution switchgear 100 for offshore wind turbine nacelles based on dynamic load balancing. The overall physical frame of the power distribution switchgear 100 consists of a cabinet frame 101 and an outer protective door panel 102, providing a fully enclosed structure with a high level of protection for the internal electrical components.

[0024] Inside the cabinet frame 101, multiple functionally isolated chambers are divided from top to bottom by metal partitions: busbar chamber 103, dynamic switching chamber 104, direct-connection outgoing cable chamber 105, flexible outgoing cable chamber 106, and bottom air inlet chamber 107. A longitudinally running independent heat dissipation duct 200 is provided at the back of the cabinet frame 101. The bottom air inlet of the independent heat dissipation duct 200 is directly connected to the top air outlet of the air inlet chamber 107. A high-pressure centrifugal fan 401 is fixedly installed inside the air inlet chamber 107. After the high-pressure centrifugal fan 401 is started, it draws in cold air from the bottom of the cabinet, forming a high-pressure vertical airflow from bottom to top within the independent heat dissipation duct 200.

[0025] The busbar compartment 103 has a first main busbar 201 and a second main busbar 202 arranged in parallel. Both the first main busbar 201 and the second main busbar 202 are connected to the main power input terminal of the engine room through an incoming circuit breaker, and are responsible for the basic power distribution of the entire cabinet.

[0026] Several molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs) 203 are deployed within the direct-connection outgoing line compartment 105. The input side of each MCB 203 is fixedly connected to either the first main busbar 201 or the second main busbar 202 via hardwiring. The output side of each MCB 203 is connected to critical safety loads within the nacelle. In this art, critical safety loads refer to equipment essential for maintaining the safe operation of the wind turbine foundation, such as the pitch system or the main control cabinet power supply. By permanently fixing them to specific busbars, the risk of transient power outages caused by frequent switching can be avoided, ensuring the reliability of the foundation system.

[0027] The dynamic switching chamber 104 is located directly below the busbar chamber 103. Inside the dynamic switching chamber 104, several sets of double-throw vacuum contactor matrices 300 are arranged in a matrix. Each double-throw vacuum contactor matrix 300 contains multiple independent double-throw vacuum contactors. Each double-throw vacuum contactor has a first stationary contact bar, a second stationary contact bar, and a moving contact bar. The first stationary contact bar is led to the first main busbar 201 via a first copper busbar, and the second stationary contact bar is led to the second main busbar 202 via a second copper busbar. The moving contact bar is led down to the flexible outgoing line chamber 106, connecting to the auxiliary dispatchable loads in the engine room. Auxiliary dispatchable loads refer to equipment that does not affect the overall safety of the unit during short-term power outage switching, such as engine room heaters, dehumidifiers, and auxiliary cooling pumps. This topology-variable dual-busbar architecture enables flexible switching of the electrical path of auxiliary loads between the two main buses.

[0028] Inside the independent heat dissipation duct 200, at specific height positions corresponding to the busbar chamber 103 and the dynamic switching chamber 104, multiple sets of adjustable guide louver assemblies 402 are horizontally arranged. Each adjustable guide louver assembly 402 includes a rotating central shaft 407, aluminum alloy guide vanes 406, and an eccentric wheel linkage mechanism. The guide vanes 406 have a teardrop-shaped cross-section to reduce vertical air resistance within the duct. The two ends of the rotating central shaft 407 are embedded in the side walls of the independent heat dissipation duct 200 via oil-impregnated bearings.

[0029] A high-precision stepper motor 403 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the independent heat dissipation duct 200. The output shaft of the stepper motor 403 is connected to the drive linkage 405 via an eccentric wheel 404. The other end of the drive linkage 405 is mechanically connected to the rotation axis 407 of the guide vane 406. This eccentric wheel linkage mechanism is configured to drive the guide vane 406 to perform stepless adjustment within a pitch angle range of 0 to 75 degrees. When the guide vane 406 is at 0 degrees, the vane is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the airflow travels vertically upward with low wind resistance. When the guide vane 406 rotates to a specific angle, such as 75 degrees, the convective airflow in the duct is forcibly blocked and blown laterally into the specific contactor surface of the dynamic switching chamber 104 through the side air outlet directly in front, forming a lateral targeted jet.

[0030] To achieve coordinated monitoring of electrical and thermal properties, a sensor network is installed within the power distribution switchgear 100. Hall current sensors 501 are installed at the incoming ends of the first main busbar 201 and the second main busbar 202. The Hall current sensors 501 are used for non-contact acquisition of dynamic current data from the busbars. Infrared temperature sensors 502 are arrayed within the busbar compartment 103 and the dynamic switching compartment 104. The infrared temperature sensors 502 are used to monitor multi-point temperature gradients and contactor surface heating in real time.

[0031] The control unit 500 is located in a separate, isolated area inside the cabinet. The control unit 500 includes a microprocessor module, a power supply module that converts high voltage into low voltage for the internal motors and sensors, and an internal RS485 communication bus. The Hall current sensor 501, the infrared temperature sensor 502, the control coil of the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix 300, and the stepper motor 403 are all electrically connected to the control unit 500 via the communication bus and corresponding input / output ports.

[0032] The control unit 500 is configured to receive and process sensor data. The control unit 500 calculates the system's imbalance penalty index. When this imbalance penalty index exceeds a preset threshold, the control unit 500, based on a specific optimization algorithm, sends a level switching command to the corresponding coil within the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix 300, switching the power supply channel for the auxiliary load to the low-load side busbar. The control unit 500 drives the stepper motor 403 corresponding to the high point of the thermal field, causing the corresponding adjustable guide louver group 402 to rotate by a preset angle, for example, 60 degrees to 75 degrees, forming a directional cooling air jet.

[0033] In summary, the offshore wind turbine nacelle power distribution switchgear 100 based on dynamic load balancing in this embodiment utilizes a double-throw vacuum contactor matrix 300 to achieve flexible power distribution scheduling for nacelle auxiliary equipment, avoiding current overload collapse of a single busbar due to the cumulative startup of high-power equipment. This dynamic electrical switching provides clear target coordinates for the heat dissipation logic of the physical space. The adjustable airflow guiding louver group 402 forcibly alters the hydrodynamic boundary, concentrating the cooling resources of the entire cabinet into a local high-temperature area, thus improving the targeting and efficiency of heat dissipation within the cabinet. It should be noted that the specific component models and angle settings described above are merely preferred examples. Those skilled in the art can also implement the technical solution of this application using other similar drive linkages or louver structures with equivalent airflow guiding effects.

[0034] Example 2: Power Distribution Control Method and Coordination Logic See Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment, based on the aforementioned physical base of the power distribution switchgear 100, elaborates in detail the power distribution control method and electrothermal multi-dimensional collaborative logic operating within the control unit 500. The power distribution control method includes the following steps.

[0035] S401: Periodically acquires current and temperature data inside the power distribution switchgear. The control unit 500 periodically polls the Hall current sensor 501 and the infrared temperature sensor 502 at a fixed sampling frequency through the underlying RS485 communication bus to acquire real-time bus dynamic current data and local temperature field data.

[0036] S402: Calculate the imbalance penalty index of the first main busbar 201 and the second main busbar 202 based on the current data and the temperature data.

[0037] To quantitatively assess the degree of imbalance in the current electrical topology, the control unit 500 incorporates a comprehensive penalty index formula. This calculation logic is based on the first current value of the first main busbar 201. I1 The second current value of the second main busbar 202 I2 Calculate the current deviation rate and extract the real-time average temperature of the two main busbar sections. T1 and T2 The temperature difference is calculated, and the local contactor temperature rise gradient is superimposed to calculate the imbalance penalty index. Ebalance .

[0038] The system performs quantitative calculations by executing the following mathematical expressions.

[0039]

[0040] in, Ebalance The comprehensive penalty index, representing the system's imbalance, reflects the severity of deviation in the overall cabinet's electrothermal pressure. I1This indicates the real-time current of the first main busbar. I2 The two represent the real-time current of the second main busbar, and the fraction formed by them represents the global current deviation rate. T1 This indicates the real-time average temperature of the first main busbar. T2 This indicates the real-time average temperature of the second main busbar.

[0041] This represents the current weighting coefficient. This represents the temperature weighting coefficient. This represents the local contactor temperature rise penalty coefficient. This set of constants represents the relative weight of the system's current sensitivity to temperature sensitivity to thermal sensitivity. In this embodiment, , , The value of is preferably within the normalized range of 0.1 to 0.8, and .

[0042] Sk This represents a Boolean variable used to mark the auxiliary load connection status. When the k-th auxiliary load is connected to the first main busbar 201, Sk The value is 1; when it is connected to the second main busbar 202, Sk The value is -1.

[0043] This represents the real-time temperature rise gradient on the surface of the k-th double-throw vacuum contactor.

[0044] The physical basis of this physical mathematical model lies in the dimensionless weighted fusion of current amplitude deviation and thermodynamic temperature accumulation through a unified dimension, which enables the control unit 500 to accurately assess system pressure from both electrical transient and thermodynamic steady state dimensions.

[0045] S403: When the imbalance penalty index exceeds the preset threshold, control the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix 300 to switch the power supply channel of the auxiliary load to the low-load side busbar and identify the high point position of the thermal field.

[0046] The control unit 500 will calculate the Ebalance Compare with the preset safety operation threshold. If Ebalance If the threshold is exceeded, control unit 500 activates the electrical equalization mechanism. The specific operation involves using a greedy algorithm model to minimize the imbalance penalty exponent. Ebalance Given the constraints, iterate through all combinations of switching states of the auxiliary loads. Assume the rated operating current of the auxiliary loads is... ikThe algorithm iteratively calculates the estimated current offset caused by each access method. The control unit 500 selects the switching combination that maximizes the reduction of the global penalty index as the globally optimal electrical topology. Based on this target switching scheme, the control unit 500 generates multi-channel electrical switching commands and converts them into high and low level control signals, which are then sent to the drive coils of the corresponding contacts within the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix 300 to complete the physical channel switching action.

[0047] The control unit 500 identifies electrical nodes that are experiencing severe heat buildup based on the temperature matrix mapping field returned by the infrared temperature sensor 502.

[0048] S404: Drive the stepper motor 403 corresponding to the high point of the thermal field to make the corresponding adjustable guide louver group 402 flip at a preset angle and output a directional cold air jet.

[0049] The control unit 500 extracts the current ambient temperature data at the high point of the thermal field and calculates the deviation difference between it and the system's safe operating temperature threshold. Based on the magnitude of this deviation difference, the control unit 500 determines the target pitch angle of the adjustable guide louver assembly 402.

[0050] When the deviation is within the normal operating range, the stepper motor 403 drives the guide vanes 406 to maintain a small deflection angle, preserving the overall ambient airflow. When the deviation is within a preset high-risk heat accumulation range, the control unit 500 generates a pulse control signal containing the target displacement steps and sends it to the driver of the stepper motor 403 at a specific height. The stepper motor 403 forcibly sets the target pitch angle to a first specified angle within the range of 60 to 75 degrees. Under this large tilt angle blocking state, the original laminar vertical boundary of the air duct is forcibly blocked and cut, and the high-pressure airflow is ejected from the small cross-section side opening, forming a high-velocity concentrated heat exhaust airflow. The control unit 500 controls the number of rotation steps by controlling the number of pulses sent, ensuring that the jet path of the transverse jet is aligned with the heat-generating node.

[0051] It should be noted that the greedy algorithm model and threshold determination logic used above are only examples. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can also use dynamic programming algorithms or other heuristic path search algorithms to derive the optimal solution combination for load switching.

[0052] In summary, a deep synergy between electrical heat source distribution and physical centralized cooling has been achieved. Without the pre-calculation and positioning of the electrical topology switching algorithm, the fans in the fully enclosed cabinet can only perform weak, indiscriminate internal circulation. Due to the coupling and linkage of the two, the back panel air duct can instantly push cooling resources into the targeted cooling, breaking the passive heat dissipation bottleneck of traditional nacelle switch cabinets.

[0053] Example 3: Power Distribution Control Equipment Figure 3This is a logical structure block diagram of the power distribution control equipment provided in the embodiments of this application. Combined with... Figure 3 As shown, the device can be specifically implemented as the control unit 500 in the aforementioned embodiments or other independent industrial control computer hardware carriers. The device includes processors that are communicatively connected to each other. V02 and memory V03 .

[0054] processor V02 It can be a general-purpose central processing unit, a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of this application. Memory V03 Used to store computer programs and intermediate data generated during operation, it may include volatile memory such as random access memory and non-volatile memory such as read-only memory and flash memory.

[0055] memory V03 It stores information that can be processed. V02 The instructions of a computer program being executed. This is the process of executing the computer program when it is processed by a processor. V02 During execution, it can perform various physical data polling, formula calculation, and hardware drive output actions of the power distribution control method described in Embodiment 2. Processor V02 The entire power distribution control equipment is connected to various sensor modules and relay coil actuators via an external bus interface. V01 Closed-loop regulation.

[0056] Through this power distribution control equipment V01 The deployment of the base ensures that the control algorithm can perform high-frequency calculations stably and in real time under harsh working conditions, providing reliable hardware computing power support for the dynamic load balancing logic described in Example 2.

[0057] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A power distribution switchgear for offshore wind turbine nacelles based on dynamic load balancing, characterized in that, It includes a busbar compartment divided by partitions, a dynamic switching compartment, a direct-connection outgoing line compartment, a flexible outgoing line compartment, an independent heat dissipation duct, and a control unit; The busbar compartment is equipped with a first main busbar and a second main busbar; The direct-connection outgoing line room is equipped with a molded case circuit breaker. The input side of the molded case circuit breaker is connected to the first main busbar or the second main busbar, and the output side is connected to the critical load. The dynamic switching chamber is equipped with a double-throw vacuum contactor matrix. The stationary contacts in the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix are respectively connected to the first main busbar and the second main busbar, and the moving contacts are connected to the flexible outgoing cable chamber to supply power to the auxiliary load. The independent heat dissipation duct is connected to the centrifugal fan, and multiple sets of adjustable guide louvers driven by stepper motors are arranged horizontally inside. The control unit is connected to a current sensor, a temperature sensor, the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix, and the stepper motor. It is configured to calculate the imbalance penalty index. When the imbalance penalty index exceeds a preset threshold, the control unit drives the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix to switch the auxiliary load power supply channel to the low-load side busbar and drives the stepper motor corresponding to the high point of the thermal field to rotate the adjustable guide louver group by a preset angle.

2. The offshore wind turbine nacelle power distribution switchgear based on dynamic load balancing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable guide louver assembly also includes an eccentric wheel linkage mechanism. The output shaft of the stepper motor is mechanically connected to the blade shaft of the adjustable guide louver assembly through the eccentric wheel linkage mechanism, thereby converting the rotational motion of the stepper motor into the pitch angle flipping motion of the blades.

3. The offshore wind turbine nacelle power distribution switchgear based on dynamic load balancing as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The eccentric wheel linkage mechanism is configured to drive the blades to perform stepless pitch angle control within a first rotation angle range, transforming the vertical airflow generated by the centrifugal fan in the independent heat dissipation duct into a transverse jet. The first rotation angle range is from zero to seventy-five degrees. The control unit adjusts the injection direction of the transverse jet by controlling the rotation steps of the stepper motor, so that the injection path of the transverse jet is directly opposite the electrical nodes that generate heat accumulation in the busbar chamber and the dynamic switching chamber.

4. The offshore wind turbine nacelle power distribution switchgear based on dynamic load balancing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The current sensor includes a Hall current sensor disposed at the inlet of the first main busbar and the second main busbar; the temperature sensor includes an array of infrared temperature sensors distributed inside the busbar compartment and the dynamic switching compartment, and the Hall current sensor and the infrared temperature sensor together with the control unit form a closed-loop data acquisition link.

5. The offshore wind turbine nacelle power distribution switchgear based on dynamic load balancing as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The control unit is embedded with electrothermal coordination logic, configured to calculate the imbalance penalty index based on the bus dynamic current data fed back by the Hall current sensor and the local temperature field data mapped by the infrared temperature sensor array, and superimposed with a preset environmental compensation coefficient; the control unit is also configured to determine the globally optimal electrical connection topology of all auxiliary loads between the two main buses based on a greedy algorithm, and generate multi-channel electrical switching commands based on the globally optimal electrical connection topology, and send them to the corresponding coils in the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix.

6. A power distribution control method, applied to a dynamic load balancing-based power distribution switchgear for offshore wind turbine nacelles as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include Periodically acquire current and temperature data inside the power distribution switchgear; Based on the current data and the temperature data, calculate the imbalance penalty index of the first main busbar and the second main busbar; When the imbalance penalty index exceeds a preset threshold, the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix is ​​controlled to switch the power supply channel of the auxiliary load to the low-load side busbar and identify the location of the thermal high point. Drive the stepper motor corresponding to the high point of the thermal field to rotate the corresponding adjustable guide louver group by a preset angle and output a directional cold air jet.

7. The power distribution control method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The operation of calculating the imbalance penalty index of the first and second main busbars includes... The current deviation rate is calculated based on the first current value of the first main busbar and the second current value of the second main busbar. Extract the peak temperature values ​​of each monitoring point in the busbar compartment and the dynamic switching compartment; The current deviation rate is multiplied by the temperature peak value, and the calculation is performed in combination with a preset penalty weighting coefficient to obtain the imbalance penalty index.

8. The power distribution control method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The operation of controlling the double-throw vacuum contactor matrix to switch the power supply path of the auxiliary load to the low-load side busbar includes... Based on the greedy algorithm model, and constrained by minimizing the imbalance penalty index, all combinations of auxiliary load switching states are traversed. Select the throw-and-spin combination that maximizes the reduction in the global penalty index as the target switching scheme; According to the target switching scheme, a control level is sent to the coil of the corresponding double-throw vacuum contactor.

9. The power distribution control method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The operation of driving the stepper motor corresponding to the high point of the thermal field to rotate the corresponding adjustable guide louver group by a preset angle includes: Calculate the deviation between the current ambient temperature at the high point of the thermal field and the system's safe operating temperature threshold. The target pitch angle of the adjustable guide louver group is determined based on the deviation difference, wherein when the deviation difference is in a preset high-risk heat accumulation range, the target pitch angle is forcibly set to a first specified angle within the range of 60 to 75 degrees. A pulse control signal containing the target displacement steps is generated and sent to the stepper motor driver at the corresponding position, so that the controlled adjustable guide louver group rotates to the target pitch angle.

10. A power distribution control device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory being used to store a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, implements the power distribution control method as described in any one of claims 6 to 9.

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