Soft-start regulated mine electrical cabinet power distribution system and control method

Abstract

The application discloses a soft-start regulated mine electrical cabinet power distribution system and a control method. It contains nodes of front and rear electrical cabinets in series, detachable split soft-start units, feedback devices, protocol identification modules and collaborative control modules. The protocol identification module outputs a power supply permission signal to close the main power supply loop after the soft-start unit is connected and identified. The feedback device collects feedback sampling signals, and the collaborative control module calculates the line transmission loss based on the signals and generates power distribution coordination parameters to adjust the soft-start output reference. The collaborative control module also obtains inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data through a communication bus and generates task assignment instructions, which assign the control and calculation tasks of the front-end electrical cabinet node to the rear-end electrical cabinet node for execution. The application realizes the decoupling and reuse of the soft-start module, safe blind insertion, automatic compensation of cable transmission loss, inter-node computing power collaboration and load sharing, effectively improving the equipment utilization and underground power supply reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of instrument transformer detection technology, and more specifically, to a soft-start controlled power distribution system and control method for mining electrical cabinets. Background Technology

[0002] In underground coal mine power supply systems, with increasing mining depth and the continuous advancement of the mining face, underground power supply is not simply about extending power lines or arbitrarily adding individual electrical cabinets. Instead, it strictly adheres to the hierarchical power supply principle of "high-voltage extension in depth, adding distribution nodes nearby, and low-voltage short-distance power supply," proceeding in stages based on power supply radius, voltage level, and load capacity: power is supplied over short distances by extending cables, and only after power supply limits are met are complete sets of distribution units added. The length of underground low-voltage power supply circuits is strictly constrained by safety regulations, power quality, and protection reliability, preventing unlimited extension of lines. Key limiting factors include: voltage drop and equipment start-up limitations: excessively long lines can cause significant voltage drops during equipment startup, leading to starting difficulties or insufficient torque in high-power motors. Simply increasing the cable cross-section would result in exponentially increasing costs and drastically increasing the difficulty of tunnel laying. However, extending the cable length reduces the short-circuit current at the end, significantly decreasing the sensitivity of the overcurrent and short-circuit protection of the feeder switch and easily leading to the risk of failure to trip during a fault. At the same time, the leakage current of the long cable increases, resulting in a decrease in the reliability of leakage protection and selective leakage protection. In addition, the high humidity, high dust, and mining pressure deformation environment underground can easily cause long cables to be squeezed or damp, making fault diagnosis more difficult and unplanned downtime longer.

[0003] In practical engineering, two main approaches are currently adopted: 1. Short-distance advance within the same mining area: Use short-distance extension of low-voltage cables or move mobile substations with the working face to maintain the low-voltage power supply distance within tens to hundreds of meters; 2. New Level or Long Distance Development: When the mining area extends beyond the economic radius of power supply (e.g., the strike length exceeds 2-3 km) or enters a new mining level, an underground central substation or mining area substation shall be established, equipped with a complete set of power distribution nodes such as high-voltage explosion-proof switchgear, power transformer, low-voltage feeder cabinet and protection and control cabinet.

[0004] Currently, mining electrical systems suffer from the following problems: Electrical cabinet systems are difficult to adjust, and soft-start configuration is cumbersome. With frequent advances in mining faces and replacement of electrical equipment, electrical cabinet systems require frequent parameter reconfiguration and adjustment. In particular, the soft-start function, used for heavy-load starts, is currently mostly integrated with the electrical cabinet in a fixed design. Each time the working face topology changes or different power load equipment is replaced, complex on-site configuration and parameter debugging are required, a process that is cumbersome, time-consuming, and prone to errors. For complete power distribution nodes established for long-distance development, once the mining work in the corresponding area is completed, the heavy-load power supply and control functions of the complete power distribution cabinet group are significantly degraded. They are usually only used for basic sensor data acquisition or simple switching nodes, and the massive hardware assets are not fully utilized. Existing power supply topologies are mostly rigid structures, lacking a dynamic negotiation mechanism between electrical cabinets based on the actual physical characteristics of the lines. The front-end electrical cabinet usually bears the majority of the control and execution load, while the electrical cabinet nodes cascaded to the back cannot dynamically replace or share the execution tasks of the front-end electrical cabinet according to the real-time line characteristics, resulting in insufficient overall system resilience and uneven load distribution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the first objective of the present invention is to provide a soft-start controlled power distribution system for mining electrical cabinets.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a soft-start controlled power distribution system for mining electrical cabinets, comprising: At least two electrical cabinet nodes arranged in series, including a front-end electrical cabinet node and a rear-end electrical cabinet node, wherein the front-end electrical cabinet node and the rear-end electrical cabinet node are connected by a power supply cable and a communication bus; The split soft starter unit can be detachably assembled at any electrical cabinet node and forms an electrical connection with the corresponding electrical cabinet node. The feedback unit, located at the port of the split soft-start unit, includes a voltage sensor and a current sensor, and is used to collect the voltage and current signals of the access point to form a feedback sampling signal. The protocol identification module is configured to identify the communication protocol type of the split soft starter unit after it is connected, and output a power supply permission signal after successful identification and matching; the split soft starter unit closes the main power supply circuit of the corresponding electrical cabinet node according to the power supply permission signal; the collaborative control module is deployed at the front-end electrical cabinet node and the back-end electrical cabinet node respectively, and is configured to calculate the line transmission loss based on the feedback sampling signal and generate power distribution coordination parameters, and use the power distribution coordination parameters to adjust the output reference of the split soft starter unit; and the collaborative control module is configured to obtain the circuit characteristics between the front and back electrical cabinet nodes through the communication bus to generate inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data, and generate task issuance instructions according to the inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data, and issue the control and calculation tasks of the front-end electrical cabinet node to the back-end electrical cabinet node for execution.

[0007] Furthermore, the protocol identification module includes an intrinsically safe probe circuit; Before the split-type soft starter unit is physically connected and the main circuit is powered on, the intrinsically safe probe circuit is configured to inject a high-frequency probe signal with an amplitude of less than 12V into the load circuit, and extract the phase angle characteristics of the load circuit according to the feedback signal to generate load impedance phase angle data, and calculate the equivalent power level of the load circuit based on the load impedance phase angle data. The protocol identification module is configured to trigger a protocol handshake on the communication bus only when the equivalent power level matches the rated capacity of the split-type soft starter unit, and output the power supply permission signal after a successful handshake. In the pre-power-on stage of the main circuit, load impedance phase angle data is extracted and the power level is calculated using low-voltage micro-signals. This enables advance verification of the physical load capacity and the rated capacity of the soft starter unit, preventing equipment damage or explosion-proof failures caused by blind insertion mismatches (such as connecting a small-capacity soft starter unit to a high-power load) at the moment of power-on, thus improving the intrinsic safety of blind insertion in the underground power distribution system.

[0008] Furthermore, the split-type soft-start unit includes a thyristor voltage regulation circuit; The collaborative control module is configured to: extract the dynamic phase difference of voltage and current and the trajectory of current change rate using the feedback sampling signal during the rising slope period of the split-type soft-start unit; calculate the inductive reactive power loss of the power supply cable; and adjust the conduction angle of the thyristor voltage regulation circuit according to the inductive reactive power loss, limiting the peak starting current below the overcurrent protection threshold of the feeder switch in the front-end electrical cabinet node. During the rising slope period of the soft start, the thyristor conduction angle is precisely controlled in real time in conjunction with the nonlinear inductive reactive power loss of the long-distance cable. This ensures that the heavy-load equipment obtains sufficient starting torque while effectively suppressing the surge peak current during the starting process, preventing the peak current from triggering the overcurrent explosion-proof protection of the front-end feeder switch and causing false tripping and shutdown.

[0009] Furthermore, the power distribution coordination parameters include an initial compensation voltage value and a slope correction factor; the collaborative control module is configured to: calculate the line voltage drop between the split-type soft starter unit and the load using the feedback sampling signal; generate the initial compensation voltage value based on the line voltage drop to raise the initial output voltage of the split-type soft starter unit; and generate the slope correction factor based on the line voltage drop to adjust the voltage rise slope of the split-type soft starter unit, maintaining the voltage reaching the load end above a preset starting voltage reference value. By decoupling line transmission loss into the initial compensation voltage value and the slope correction factor, the initial output voltage is precisely raised to overcome the voltage drop caused by cable impedance, while the voltage rise slope is smoothly adjusted, ensuring that the voltage reaching the end equipment is always maintained above the preset starting reference, thus ensuring a smooth and stable start-up of the heavily loaded end equipment.

[0010] Furthermore, the collaborative control module is configured to: after the split soft starter unit is assembled to the target electrical cabinet node and communication protocol identification is completed, extract the protocol type and node physical address of the split soft starter unit to generate node topology identification data; update the power supply topology mapping table in the network according to the node topology identification data, and determine the power supply path of the split soft starter unit in the current topology variant based on the power supply topology mapping table, and then output the power supply permission signal.

[0011] Furthermore, the collaborative control module is configured to: control the transmission of test pulses between the front-end electrical cabinet node and the back-end electrical cabinet node, generate circuit physical characteristic data based on feedback delay and voltage attenuation, and monitor the current microprocessor load rate of the front-end electrical cabinet node in real time to generate front-end operating load parameters; When the front-end operating load parameters exceed a preset load threshold and the loop physical characteristic data meets a preset transmission delay threshold, a task migration allocation ratio is calculated based on the loop physical characteristic data. The soft-start algorithm trajectory calculation task and sensor data filtering task in the front-end electrical cabinet node are then packaged into the task dispatch instruction according to the task migration allocation ratio and dispatched to the back-end electrical cabinet node for execution. This establishes a comprehensive decision-making mechanism that combines loop transmission physical characteristics (delay and attenuation) and microprocessor operating load. The task migration ratio is calculated only when the physical transmission performance meets the threshold, avoiding control lag due to excessive network latency. This ensures the real-time performance and reliability of the algorithm trajectory calculation and sensor data filtering task migration after dispatch, while effectively reducing the computational load on the front-end main cabinet.

[0012] Based on the above solution, the following effects were achieved: The soft-start hardware module and cabinet structure were decoupled, breaking the limitations of traditional integrated cabinets with fixed functions and difficulty in reuse; the protocol identification module judged the matching results and output a power supply permission signal to control the closure of the main power supply circuit, ensuring both physical and logical security after the separate unit was connected. It can sense line transmission losses in real time and correct the soft-start output benchmark, eliminating the impact of changes in cable power supply distance on equipment startup performance during mining operations. It broke the traditional isolated node operation mode, utilizing communication and feature sensing between front-end and back-end electrical cabinets to distribute front-end control and computing loads to back-end nodes, greatly improving the hardware resource utilization rate of developed areas or idle back-end electrical cabinet nodes and the overall collaborative resilience of the system.

[0013] To achieve the second objective of this invention, a power distribution control method for a mine electrical cabinet based on the above-mentioned soft-start regulation is provided, comprising the following steps: Access identification steps: Detect the access status of the split soft starter unit, identify its communication protocol type, and output a power supply permission signal after the protocol identification is successful; The split soft starter unit receives the power supply permission signal and closes the main power supply circuit of the corresponding electrical cabinet node; Sensing and Adjustment Steps: Voltage and current signals are collected by a feedback device set at the port of the split soft starter unit to form a feedback sampling signal. The line transmission loss is calculated based on the feedback sampling signal and power distribution coordination parameters are generated. The power distribution coordination parameters are used to adjust the soft starter output reference. Node collaboration steps: Obtain the circuit characteristics between the front-end electrical cabinet node and the back-end electrical cabinet node through the communication bus to generate inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data, generate task issuance instructions based on the inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data, and allocate the control and calculation tasks of the front-end electrical cabinet node to the back-end electrical cabinet node for execution.

[0014] Furthermore, the access identification step specifically includes: injecting a high-frequency detection signal with an amplitude of less than 12V into the load circuit before the split soft start unit is physically connected and the main circuit is powered on; The phase angle features of the returned signal are extracted to generate load impedance phase angle data, and the equivalent power level is determined by matching the load impedance phase angle data with a preset motor impedance fingerprint feature library. The system determines whether the equivalent power level matches the rated capacity of the split-type soft-start unit. If they match, a communication bus handshake is triggered, and upon successful handshake, the power supply permission relay is closed to output the power supply permission signal. If they do not match, the power supply permission relay is locked. This standardizes the safety verification method before energizing the main circuit, creating strict constraints on capacity matching and power supply permission relay closure control, thus enhancing the safety precautions during field implementation.

[0015] Furthermore, the sensing and regulation steps specifically include: During the rising slope of the split-type soft-start unit, the dynamic phase difference of voltage and current and the trajectory of current change rate are extracted using the feedback sampling signal; The inductive reactive power loss of the power supply cable is calculated based on the dynamic phase difference and current change rate trajectory. The conduction angle of the thyristor in the split-type soft-start unit is adjusted according to the inductive reactive power loss to limit the starting peak current within the switch protection threshold of the front-end electrical cabinet node. This achieves deep embedding of reactive power calculation and thyristor conduction angle control into the soft-start process at the method execution level, ensuring the real-time response capability of the starting current suppression method.

[0016] Furthermore, the node collaboration steps specifically include: The system collects the temperature inside the explosion-proof enclosure of the front-end electrical cabinet node and calculates the temperature rise rate to form a cabinet temperature change rate parameter. When the cabinet temperature change rate parameter exceeds a preset rate threshold, the non-real-time high-computing-power task of the front-end electrical cabinet node is packaged into a task dispatch instruction and sent to the back-end electrical cabinet node for execution. Furthermore, based on the inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data, the contact resistance and arc-extinguishing delay of the main switch contacts of the front-end electrical cabinet node are calculated to generate a contact degradation index. When the contact degradation index exceeds a preset aging threshold, a shadow protection takeover instruction is generated. The back-end electrical cabinet node then takes over the overcurrent and leakage protection of the circuit where the front-end electrical cabinet node is located according to the shadow protection takeover instruction and the shortened protection action time limit. This clarifies the task packaging and dispatch path when the cabinet temperature or load exceeds the limit, as well as the specific triggering conditions for the back-end takeover of overcurrent and leakage protection, achieving a dynamic extension of the front-end electrical cabinet's computing resources and safety protection capabilities at the methodological level.

[0017] The main technical effects of this invention are reflected in the following aspects: it provides a standard control process for access security verification, dynamic line compensation, and node computing power / control coordination, and integrates topology security awareness, dynamic parameter adjustment and resource collaborative scheduling throughout the entire life cycle of power distribution control, ensuring the stable operation of the system when the working face is frequently advanced. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall network and hardware topology of the mine electrical cabinet power distribution system with soft-start control according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating the principle of the split-type soft-start unit blind insertion and intrinsically safe probe pre-verification circuit of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a waveform diagram of the intrinsically safe high-frequency probe detection voltage and load feedback current phase angle extraction signal of this invention; Figure 4 This is a waveform comparison diagram of thyristor conduction angle control and startup peak current suppression based on dynamic compensation for inductive reactive power loss in this invention. Figure 5 The waveform diagram for dynamic compensation of power cable line voltage drop and soft start starting voltage / slope correction in this invention is shown. Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the physical attenuation detection and dynamic migration control of computing power / load between cabinets in this invention; Figure 7 This is a comparison diagram of the timing and protection actions of the main switch contact degradation monitoring and back-end shadow protection takeover in this invention; Figure 8 : Schematic diagram of the electrical cabinet structure of the present invention.

[0019] Reference numerals: 1. Electrical cabinet; 2. Split-type soft starter unit; 3. Feedback unit; 4. Cooperative control module; 5. Industrial communication bus interface; 6. Power supply switch; 7. Protocol identification module; 8. Quick-connect electrical interface; 9. Temperature sensor; 11. Contact degradation monitoring interface; 12. High voltage input port; 13. Voltage regulating output terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the technical solution of the present invention can be more easily understood and mastered.

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and implement the present invention, the soft-start control power distribution system of the mining electrical cabinet 1 as described in claim 1 is described in detail below with reference to specific implementation logic. The system disclosed in this embodiment is deployed in the power supply network of underground mining roadways in coal mines. The at least two electrical cabinet 1 nodes arranged in series refer to mining explosion-proof electrical cabinets 1 sequentially cascaded along the roadway development direction. The electrical cabinet 1 node closest to the underground mining area substation or power input end is defined as the front electrical cabinet 1 node, while the electrical cabinet 1 node following the direction of the mining face and located behind the front electrical cabinet 1 node is defined as the rear electrical cabinet 1 node. The front electrical cabinet 1 node and the rear electrical cabinet 1 node are physically and electrically connected through power supply cables carrying high-voltage transmission and industrial communication buses carrying control data communication, forming a cascaded power supply network that combines power transmission and data interaction functions. Figure 1 As shown, the overall system topology is derived from the high-voltage power supply circuit located at the power input end. The front-end electrical cabinet node 1 and the back-end electrical cabinet node 1 are arranged in series and cascaded through power supply cables and industrial communication buses. The front-end electrical cabinet node 1 is detachably connected to the split soft starter unit 2 through the quick-connect electrical interface 8. The split soft starter unit 2 integrates a thyristor voltage regulation circuit, a feedback circuit 3, a protocol identification module 7, and an intrinsically safe probe. Its voltage regulation output terminal is connected to the electrical load through a voltage regulation output cable.

[0022] In the above system, the split-type soft-start unit 2 refers to a modular soft-start control device that is physically independent of the electrical cabinet 1 and has a standardized quick-connect interface, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the electrical cabinet contains a high-voltage input port 12, a power supply switch 6, a collaborative control module 4, and a protocol identification module 7. A quick-connect electrical interface 8 is used for quick insertion and assembly of the split-type soft-start unit 2, the output of which is connected to the voltage regulating output terminal 13. The cabinet also includes a feedback unit 3, an industrial communication bus interface 5, a temperature sensor 9, and a contact degradation monitoring interface 11. Each hardware unit achieves a modular layout and safety linkage within the explosion-proof cabinet. This unit can be flexibly and detachably assembled into the front-end electrical cabinet node 1 or the rear-end electrical cabinet node 1 according to the actual power demand of the underground working face, and the main power supply circuit and control bus are electrically connected via the quick-connect interface. In order to sense the electrical operating status after the split soft starter unit 2 is connected in real time, a feedback device 3 is set at the port of the split soft starter unit 2. The feedback device 3 integrates a high-precision voltage sensor and a current sensor, which can synchronously collect AC voltage and current signals at the access port in real time, and package the collected waveform data to construct a feedback sampling signal reflecting the current electrical operating status of the circuit. The feedback sampling signal provides raw data support for subsequent line loss analysis and control parameter correction.

[0023] To ensure the physical security and communication compatibility of the split-type soft starter unit 2 when connected to any electrical cabinet 1 node, the system is equipped with a protocol identification module 7. After the split-type soft starter unit 2 is physically assembled to the target electrical cabinet 1 node and the electrical interface is connected, the protocol identification module 7 actively initiates communication link detection to identify the communication protocol type of the controller mounted on the split-type soft starter unit 2. Once the identified communication protocol type matches the preset protocol of the target electrical cabinet 1 node and is verified to be correct, the protocol identification module 7 generates and outputs a power supply permission signal. This power supply permission signal is a logic enable instruction with the highest control priority. Upon receiving the power supply permission signal, the split-type soft starter unit 2 drives the internal control relay to close, thereby controlling the main power supply circuit breaker of the corresponding electrical cabinet 1 node to complete the engagement action, enabling the circuit to obtain high-voltage power supply permission. This achieves both physical and logical safety interlocking control during the blind insertion process of the split-type soft starter unit.

[0024] The collaborative control module 4 is deployed in the microprocessor systems of both the front-end electrical cabinet 1 node and the back-end electrical cabinet 1 node, and has functions for local data processing, network communication negotiation, and control command generation. During the power supply circuit's operation, the collaborative control module 4 receives feedback sampling signals transmitted by the feedback unit 3, and uses the voltage and current values ​​contained in the feedback sampling signals to perform real-time line loss analysis. The collaborative control module 4 calculates the line voltage drop by comparing the real-time port voltage value in the feedback sampling signal with a preset standard reference voltage value, and then divides the line voltage drop value by the real-time current value in the feedback sampling signal to calculate the equivalent transmission impedance and line transmission loss of the current power supply cable. Based on the calculated line transmission loss, the collaborative control module 4 generates distribution coordination parameters, which include an initial voltage compensation amount and a slope adjustment factor. The collaborative control module 4 sends the power distribution coordination parameters to the drive circuit of the split soft starter unit 2. It uses the initial voltage compensation to raise the initial output voltage of the soft starter and uses the slope adjustment factor to dynamically correct the conduction angle rise trajectory of the thyristor, thereby automatically offsetting the voltage attenuation at the end caused by the extension of the power supply cable, and ensuring that the voltage at the equipment start-up end always meets the requirements of heavy load start-up.

[0025] During system operation, the collaborative control module 4 also undertakes the functions of topology coordination and task sharing between nodes. Deployed between the front-end electrical cabinet 1 node and the back-end electrical cabinet 1 node, the collaborative control module 4 periodically exchanges data via a communication bus. The front-end electrical cabinet 1 node's collaborative control module 4 sends test pulses or extracts operational monitoring data to the back-end electrical cabinet 1 node. Based on the amplitude attenuation and response delay of the returned signal, it calculates the electrical and physical characteristics of the power supply cable between the front-end and back-end electrical cabinet 1 nodes, thereby generating inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data. When the microprocessor of the front-end electrical cabinet 1 node detects that its own operating load is too high, the collaborative control module 4 evaluates the inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data. If it confirms that the communication delay and line attenuation between the front-end and back-end nodes meet the data transmission requirements, it generates a task issuance command. The task issuance command includes control and calculation tasks that need to be migrated, including digital filtering tasks for sensor data and calculation tasks for soft-start control slope trajectories. The front-end electrical cabinet node 1 transmits the task issuance command to the back-end electrical cabinet node 1 via the communication bus. The collaborative control module 4 of the back-end electrical cabinet node 1 receives and executes the corresponding calculation task, and returns the calculation result to the front-end electrical cabinet node 1 for execution via the communication bus. Figure 6 As shown in Industrial Communication Bus Interface 5, the node computing power and load dynamic migration control process specifically includes: transmitting test pulses between the front and rear cabinets, calculating feedback delay and voltage attenuation to generate circuit physical characteristic data; simultaneously monitoring the microprocessor load rate of the front-end cabinet to generate front-end operating load parameters; then determining whether 'front-end load parameters > preset load threshold' and 'delay < transmission delay threshold' are true: if not, the front-end cabinet maintains task computation locally; if so, the task migration allocation ratio is calculated, the algorithm trajectory and filtering task are packaged, and sent to the back-end cabinet for execution via the communication bus. This method achieves dynamic balance of control load between front and rear nodes without changing the physical structure of the main high-voltage power supply circuit, greatly reducing the computational and heat load of the front-end electrical cabinet 1 node, and fully utilizing the resources of the idle electrical cabinet 1 node at the rear. It should be noted that the tasks sent are non-real-time strategy tasks to avoid strategy conflicts.

[0026] Intrinsically safe probe circuit refers to a low-power detection sub-circuit deployed inside protocol identification module 7 and conforming to the intrinsically safe electrical explosion-proof standard for coal mines. This circuit can detect the electrical parameters of the external load's physical characteristics using only a low-voltage, weak signal, even in the absence of a strong main circuit power supply. This physical mechanism ensures that the detection process does not generate electrical sparks sufficient to ignite gas or coal dust. (Refer to...) Figure 2The blind-plug access pre-verification principle is as follows: When the split-type soft starter unit 2 is inserted through the quick-plug physical interface, the intrinsically safe probe circuit injects a low-voltage micro-signal of less than 12V into the electrical load circuit (motor stator winding). The sampled return signal is sent to the phase angle feature extraction and impedance modulus calculation module and matched with the pre-stored fingerprint data in the motor impedance fingerprint feature database. The matching result is sent to the protocol identification and capacity matching verification module. Only after both the capacity and protocol are successfully verified will a power supply permission signal be output to drive the power supply permission relay to close, thereby enabling the main circuit. In the pre-preparation stage before the split-type soft starter unit is physically assembled and inserted into the interface of the electrical cabinet node and the main high-voltage power supply circuit is not yet closed and energized, the protocol identification module first activates the intrinsically safe probe circuit. The intrinsically safe probe circuit actively injects a high-frequency weak detection signal with an amplitude strictly controlled below 12V into the load circuit to be connected. The detection signal passes through the cable and flows through the stator winding of the load motor to generate a return signal. The intrinsically safe probe circuit receives the returned signal in real time and extracts the inductance and resistance phase angle relationship of the load circuit under the current high-frequency excitation by comparing the phase offset and waveform deformation between the transmitted signal and the returned signal, thereby generating load impedance phase angle data to characterize the electrical characteristics of the load. Figure 3 The waveform relationship between probe detection and phase angle extraction is shown. The figure above shows the waveform of the injected high-frequency probe voltage. Its amplitude is strictly limited to the intrinsic safety threshold. Within; the following figure shows the milliampere-level current waveform transmitted back by the electrical load. Both exhibit response delays on the time axis. The collaborative control module uses formulas Extract the phase difference between voltage and current. This is used for subsequent accurate calculation of the load impedance magnitude and equivalent power rating.

[0027] After generating the load impedance phase angle data, the protocol identification module uses its built-in electrical parameter calculation logic to compare and analyze the load impedance phase angle data with the impedance characteristic data of motors of different power levels pre-stored in the memory. Specifically, the protocol identification module extracts the impedance magnitude and phase angle cosine from the load impedance phase angle data, multiplies them to calculate the equivalent resistance component of the load circuit, and then multiplies the impedance magnitude and phase angle sine to calculate the equivalent inductance component. By matching the combined characteristics of the equivalent resistance and equivalent inductance components with a preset electrode power mapping relationship, the equivalent power level is determined from a preset motor impedance fingerprint feature library. This motor impedance fingerprint feature library is pre-adjusted and generated based on the experience of professional technicians, enabling automatic pre-determination of the power scale of the actual connected equipment at the end.

[0028] After matching the equivalent power level of the load circuit, the protocol identification module performs a compatibility check between the calculated equivalent power level and the rated capacity stored in the hardware memory of the current split-type soft starter unit. If the equivalent power level of the load circuit exceeds the rated capacity range of the split-type soft starter unit, the protocol identification module directly determines it as a capacity mismatch and locks the control output, terminating all subsequent power-on processes. Only when the equivalent power level is determined to match the rated capacity of the split-type soft starter unit will the protocol identification module send a control enable command to the industrial communication bus, triggering an industrial bus protocol handshake process between the communication bus, the target electrical cabinet node, and the split-type soft starter unit. After the communication bus completes communication protocol matching and message data verification and confirms successful protocol handshake, the protocol identification module officially outputs a power supply permission signal with the highest security priority. Upon receiving the power supply permission signal, the split-type soft starter unit drives the hardware control relay to engage, thereby allowing the main circuit breaker to close the high-voltage power supply circuit, enabling high-voltage power to be applied to the load equipment. This key technology achieves capacity and protocol pre-emptive error prevention control when blindly inserting a split-type soft starter unit before the main high-voltage circuit is energized, through micro-signal detection and physical logic dual verification by an intrinsically safe probe circuit. This effectively prevents serious accidents such as explosion or accidental tripping of explosion-proof switches when a small-capacity soft starter unit is connected to a high-power heavy-load device at the moment of power-on, greatly improving the intrinsic safety and blind insertion reuse reliability of the mine electrical cabinet power distribution system under complex underground working conditions.

[0029] The split-type soft-start unit integrates a thyristor voltage regulation circuit. This circuit controls the trigger conduction angle of the anti-parallel thyristors to smoothly regulate the AC voltage output to the load motor. After the split-type soft-start unit receives the power supply permission signal and completes the closure of the main power supply circuit, the control system drives the motor into the starting phase. At this time, the thyristor voltage regulation circuit is in the rising slope period of the starting slope. During the rising slope period, the cooperative control module continuously receives feedback sampling signals collected and constructed by the feedback device at the port at high frequency. The cooperative control module compares the AC voltage waveform and AC current waveform in the feedback sampling signal at the time-domain zero-crossing point, extracts the dynamic phase difference between the voltage and current waveforms, and simultaneously performs continuous-time differential calculation on the current value in the feedback sampling signal to construct a current change rate trajectory reflecting the current growth trend.

[0030] After extracting the dynamic phase difference and current change rate trajectory, the collaborative control module dynamically calculates the inductive reactive power loss of the long-distance power supply cable. The module uses the sine of the dynamic phase difference as the cable's inductive reactive power factor, multiplies the real-time port current value by the current change slope in the current change rate trajectory to obtain the dynamic equivalent current amplitude, and then multiplies the square of the dynamic equivalent current amplitude by the cable's inductive reactive power factor to calculate the nonlinear inductive reactive power loss generated by the long-distance power supply cable under the large current impact of motor startup. After obtaining the inductive reactive power loss, the collaborative control module generates a fine-tuning command for the thyristor conduction angle based on the inductive reactive power loss. If the inductive reactive power loss is large, it indicates a high reactive current component from the long cable; the collaborative control module appropriately reduces the conduction angle of the thyristor voltage regulation circuit at the current gradient to suppress surge current growth; conversely, it appropriately increases the conduction angle to ensure sufficient motor starting torque.

[0031] By using the real-time closed-loop fine-tuning of the thyristor voltage regulation circuit conduction angle based on inductive reactive power loss, the collaborative control module strictly limits the maximum transient peak current during motor startup to below the preset overcurrent protection threshold of the feeder switch in the front-end electrical cabinet node. For example... Figure 4 As shown in the figure above, the waveform of the traditional soft-start current without dynamic compensation is displayed. Due to the nonlinear inductive reactive power loss of long cables, their starting peak current... The overcurrent protection threshold of the switch was exceeded. (For example, 800A), which can easily cause cascading tripping; the figure below shows the optimized current waveform of this invention. With thyristor conduction angle The control trajectory. The collaborative control module smoothly adjusts the thyristor conduction angle in real time based on inductive reactive power loss. This causes the peak current during startup to be higher. Successfully limited to action threshold The following features ensure smooth start-up under heavy loads. It solves the industry problem of high-power motors generating large reactive currents during heavy-load startup, which can easily cause false tripping of the explosion-proof overcurrent protection of the front-end feeder switch, especially under conditions where low-voltage power cables are extended during underground mining and advancement. While ensuring smooth and stable startup of heavily loaded equipment at the end, it effectively avoids unplanned downtime accidents caused by startup surge currents, significantly improving the operational continuity and power supply reliability of the underground power distribution system.

[0032] After the split-type soft starter unit is connected and receives power supply permission, the collaborative control module begins to calculate and distribute the power distribution coordination parameters. These power distribution coordination parameters refer to the set of control data used to guide the split-type soft starter unit in adjusting the thyristor trigger trajectory, specifically including two core parameters: the initial compensation voltage value and the slope correction factor. The initial compensation voltage value is the voltage increment directly superimposed on the initial set output voltage of the split-type soft starter unit, while the slope correction factor is an adjustment coefficient used to proportionally scale the rate of increase of the soft starter voltage over time.

[0033] In the specific implementation process, the collaborative control module deployed at the electrical cabinet node receives feedback sampling signals collected and constructed by the feedback unit at high frequency. The collaborative control module extracts the actual port voltage and current values ​​contained in the feedback sampling signals, and combines them with the power supply cable resistance and reactance parameters per unit length pre-stored in the memory to calculate the line voltage drop from the output port of the split soft starter unit to the end electrical load. Specifically, the collaborative control module multiplies the real-time current value in the feedback sampling signal by the total resistance and total reactance of the power supply cable to obtain the resistance voltage drop component and the reactance voltage drop component. Then, by performing vector synthesis calculation on the resistance voltage drop component and the reactance voltage drop component, the total line voltage drop on the current power supply circuit is obtained.

[0034] After calculating the total line voltage drop, the collaborative control module generates an initial compensation voltage value in real time based on the line voltage drop. The collaborative control module directly uses the calculated line voltage drop as the base compensation amount, generates an equivalent initial compensation voltage value, and sends it to the drive control circuit of the split-type soft-start unit. The split-type soft-start unit raises its initial thyristor conduction angle based on the initial compensation voltage value, so that the initial voltage output by the soft-start unit at startup is increased by the initial compensation voltage value on top of the original rated initial voltage, thereby directly offsetting the initial voltage drop generated at the front end of the power supply cable.

[0035] Simultaneously, the collaborative control module generates a slope correction factor based on the line voltage drop. Since the impedance of the power cable causes nonlinear dynamic losses as the voltage rises over time, the collaborative control module calculates the voltage drop ratio by comparing the line voltage drop with a preset standard rated voltage. This voltage drop ratio is then added to a preset slope adjustment base to generate the slope correction factor. The collaborative control module sends the slope correction factor to the split-type soft-start unit. The split-type soft-start unit uses the slope correction factor to multiply its built-in voltage rise slope, thereby appropriately steepening the voltage rise trajectory and continuously compensating for the increasing dynamic line voltage drop as the starting current increases.

[0036] By jointly controlling the initial compensation voltage value and the slope correction factor, the output reference of the split-type soft-start unit is dynamically raised and its trajectory corrected, ensuring that the actual voltage applied to the terminal of the end-user load is always maintained above the preset starting voltage reference value. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the solid line represents the actual output voltage of the split-type soft-start unit. The dashed line represents the actual voltage reaching the end load terminal. The shaded area represents the voltage drop in the cable line. The collaborative control module uses the initial compensation voltage value... Increase the initial output voltage (as shown by the arrow in the figure) and steepen the voltage rise trajectory using a slope correction factor to ensure that the voltage at the end load terminal remains constant as the startup time increases. Always maintain at the preset start-up voltage reference value The above refers to the preset starting voltage reference value, which is the minimum voltage limit set according to the coal mine safety power supply specifications for the safe heavy-load start-up of equipment motors. This key technology effectively solves the engineering problems of insufficient starting voltage at the end of equipment, insufficient motor torque, and failure to start smoothly under heavy load due to the continuous extension of low-voltage cables during the advancement of the mining face, through precise quantification of line voltage drop and dual parameter correction. This ensures the start-up success rate and operational stability of underground mining equipment under long-distance power supply conditions.

[0037] Based on the above specific embodiments, the implementation details of the collaborative control module in the mine electrical cabinet power distribution system of claim 5, which is based on the assembly, access, protocol identification, and update of the power supply topology mapping table and output of the power supply permission signal, will be further described in detail below.

[0038] The node topology identification data mentioned in this article refers to composite data composed of the communication protocol type of the split soft starter unit and the physical address of the node where it is assembled. This data is used to uniquely identify the physical existence and communication specifications of the split soft starter unit in the current topology within the network. The power supply topology mapping table is a dynamic matrix information table stored in real-time in the memory of the microprocessors of each electrical cabinet node in the entire network. It is used to record the cascading order of each electrical cabinet node in the underground power distribution system, the relationship between power input and output circuits, and the physical distribution of substation nodes.

[0039] During the advancement of underground mining faces or the adjustment of power supply lines, after the operator assembles the split-type soft starter unit to the target electrical cabinet node, and the protocol identification module completes the detection and identification of the communication protocol type of the split-type soft starter unit, the collaborative control module deployed at the electrical cabinet node initiates the topology data construction process. The collaborative control module reads the protocol type code embedded in the split-type soft starter unit controller through the internal communication bus, and at the same time reads the hardware physical address assigned to the current slot by the backplane bus of the target electrical cabinet node. It then concatenates and encodes the protocol type code and the hardware physical address to generate node topology identification data reflecting the characteristics of the current access point.

[0040] After generating the node topology identification data, the collaborative control module broadcasts the node topology identification data to all electrical cabinet nodes in the system via the industrial communication bus. Upon receiving the node topology identification data, the collaborative control modules of each electrical cabinet node in the network synchronously update the locally stored power supply topology mapping table. The collaborative control module writes the node topology identification data to the corresponding node position in the mapping table, updates the mounting relationship of the split-type soft starter unit in the current topology variant, and identifies the cascaded links of the upstream high-voltage circuit breaker, downstream feeder switch, and power supply cable associated with the split-type soft starter unit, completing the automatic reconstruction and refresh of the entire network's power supply topology.

[0041] After the power supply topology mapping table is updated, the collaborative control module performs logical verification and determination of the actual power supply path of the split-type soft starter unit in the current topology variant based on the updated power supply topology mapping table. The collaborative control module searches through all switch nodes and power supply lines from the power input terminal to the split-type soft starter unit level by level along the cascading relationships recorded in the mapping table, confirming that the cables on the current power supply path are fault-free and that the switch logic interlocking is conflict-free. After confirming that the power supply path is legal and has no topology conflicts, the collaborative control module officially outputs a power supply permission signal, transmitting the power supply permission signal to the split-type soft starter unit and the corresponding circuit breaker control circuit, enabling the main power supply circuit to close. This key technical means realizes the system's automatic perception of the split-type soft starter unit's access location and communication specifications, real-time reconstruction of the entire network topology mapping, and safe verification of the power supply path when the underground power distribution topology changes frequently due to the advancement of the working face. It avoids the tedious debugging and misoperation risks caused by manually reconfiguring topology parameters or reconnecting control cables, greatly improving the adaptive capability and control accuracy of the mine electrical cabinet power distribution system to complex underground power supply topology variants.

[0042] Loop physical characteristic data refers to composite characteristic data constructed from the signal delay time and signal amplitude attenuation measured when test signals are transmitted between front-end and back-end electrical cabinet nodes on the communication bus. This data is used to objectively quantify the physical transmission quality and real-time response capability of the data communication link between the front-end and back-end electrical cabinet nodes. Front-end operating load parameters refer to the combined values ​​of CPU utilization and memory consumption of the microprocessor deployed inside the front-end electrical cabinet node in its current operating state. This data characterizes the computational and control burden currently borne by the front-end electrical cabinet node. Task migration allocation ratio refers to the proportion of tasks allocated to the back-end electrical cabinet node for execution, calculated by the collaborative control module based on the loop physical characteristic data, relative to the total computational tasks.

[0043] During system operation, the collaborative control module deployed at the front-end electrical cabinet node periodically sends specific test pulse signals to the industrial communication bus. Upon receiving the test pulse signals, the collaborative control module at the back-end electrical cabinet node immediately returns a response pulse to the front-end electrical cabinet node. The collaborative control module at the front-end electrical cabinet node records the time difference between sending the test pulse and receiving the response pulse as the feedback delay. Simultaneously, it calculates the voltage attenuation by comparing the received response pulse voltage amplitude with the original sent pulse voltage amplitude. The feedback delay and voltage attenuation are then integrated to generate loop physical characteristic data. At the same time, the collaborative control module at the front-end electrical cabinet node collects real-time operating status data of its own microprocessor, calculates the current comprehensive load percentage of the microprocessor, and thus generates front-end operating load parameters.

[0044] After generating the front-end operating load parameters and loop physical characteristic data, the collaborative control module of the front-end electrical cabinet node performs a decision evaluation for task migration. The collaborative control module first compares the front-end operating load parameters with a preset load threshold stored in memory. This preset load threshold refers to the recommended maximum load limit for the microprocessor to maintain stable real-time control. When the front-end operating load parameters exceed the preset load threshold, it indicates that the front-end electrical cabinet node is currently under high computational load and needs to share the computational burden externally. At this time, the collaborative control module further retrieves the feedback delay from the loop physical characteristic data and compares it with a preset transmission delay threshold. This preset transmission delay threshold refers to the maximum allowable communication delay limit that ensures no lag in control commands after data migration.

[0045] When the conditions are met simultaneously—that the front-end operating load parameters exceed a preset load threshold and the feedback delay in the loop physical characteristic data is less than a preset transmission delay threshold—the collaborative control module initiates the calculation of the task migration allocation ratio. The collaborative control module divides the difference between the preset transmission delay threshold and the current feedback delay by the preset transmission delay threshold to obtain a delay margin ratio. Then, it performs a weighted summation of this delay margin ratio and the excess ratio of the front-end operating load parameters exceeding the preset load threshold, thereby accurately calculating the task migration allocation ratio. A higher calculated task migration allocation ratio indicates better communication link quality and a heavier front-end load, allowing a higher share of tasks to be transferred to the back-end electrical cabinet nodes.

[0046] After determining the task migration allocation ratio, the collaborative control module of the front-end electrical cabinet node filters and packages the tasks to be processed locally on the front-end electrical cabinet node according to the task migration allocation ratio. The collaborative control module extracts data packets corresponding to the task migration allocation ratio for tasks with high computing power requirements but lower absolute millisecond-level real-time requirements, specifically including soft-start algorithm trajectory calculation tasks and sensor data filtering tasks, and packages them into the task issuance command. The front-end electrical cabinet node issues the task issuance command to the back-end electrical cabinet node via the industrial communication bus. After receiving the task issuance command, the collaborative control module of the back-end electrical cabinet node uses its idle computing resources to complete the deduction of the soft-start algorithm trajectory and the digital filtering calculation of the sensor data, and returns the calculated results to the front-end electrical cabinet node in real time via the communication bus. This key technology, without altering the physical structure and topology of the main high-voltage power supply circuit, achieves dynamic quantitative migration of control and algorithm tasks between cascaded nodes based on the physical transmission quality of the front-end and back-end communication circuits and the actual load of the front-end microprocessor. This effectively reduces the computational burden and heat accumulation of the microprocessor in the front-end electrical cabinet node, fully mobilizes and reuses the computing resources of the old mining area or the idle electrical cabinet node in the back, and ensures that task migration will not affect the real-time control performance of the system due to network latency.

[0047] In another embodiment, the power distribution control method for mine electrical cabinets operates within microprocessors and collaborative control modules deployed in each electrical cabinet node. The method comprises three main stages: access identification, sensing and adjustment, and node coordination. In the access identification stage, the system first detects the physical access status of the split-type soft-start unit via a communication interface. After confirming physical connection, it initiates communication link detection and identifies the communication protocol type. After successful protocol identification and message verification, the system generates and outputs a power supply permission signal with the highest control priority. Upon receiving the power supply permission signal, the split-type soft-start unit drives the hardware control mechanism to close the main power supply circuit breaker of the corresponding electrical cabinet node, successfully connecting the high-voltage circuit. In the sensing and adjustment stage, a feedback device located at the port of the split-type soft-start unit collects AC voltage and current signals at high frequency and constructs a feedback sampling signal. The collaborative control module receives the feedback sampling signal, uses the real-time voltage and current values ​​contained therein to calculate the line transmission loss of the current power supply circuit and generate power distribution coordination parameters. Based on these parameters, it adjusts the thyristor conduction angle trajectory to achieve dynamic adjustment and compensation of the soft-start output reference. In the node collaboration step, the collaborative control module acquires the physical characteristics of the circuits between the front-end and back-end electrical cabinet nodes via the industrial communication bus and generates inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data. Simultaneously, it performs logical operations based on this inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data to derive task issuance instructions, distributing the packaged control and computation tasks from the front-end electrical cabinet nodes to the microprocessors of the back-end electrical cabinet nodes for execution. This control method integrates topology safety awareness, dynamic parameter control, and resource collaborative scheduling throughout the entire lifecycle of power distribution control, effectively improving the system's automation level and power supply continuity during frequent workface advancements.

[0048] In the pre-assembly stage, before the main high-voltage power supply circuit is energized, the system first calls the intrinsically safe probe circuit to actively inject a weak high-frequency probe signal with an amplitude strictly less than 12 volts into the load circuit to be connected. The intrinsically safe probe circuit receives the signal returned by the load circuit in real time, extracts the phase offset and waveform characteristics of the returned signal relative to the transmitted signal, and generates load impedance phase angle data to characterize the ratio of load inductance to resistance. The collaborative control module calculates the equivalent resistance and equivalent inductance of the load circuit based on the load impedance phase angle data, and then deduces the equivalent power level of the current load circuit. Subsequently, the system compares the calculated equivalent power level with the fixed rated capacity of the current split soft starter unit. If it is determined that the equivalent power level matches the rated capacity of the split soft starter unit, the system triggers the industrial communication bus to perform a protocol handshake. After the communication protocol match is successful, a power supply permission signal is output, and the power supply permission relay is closed to allow the main power supply circuit to be energized. If the equivalent power rating is determined to be mismatched with the rated capacity, the system directly locks the power supply permission relay and sends a warning to the bus, prohibiting the main circuit from being closed and energized. This method achieves dual verification of micro-signal detection and physical logic before the main high-voltage circuit is energized, avoiding equipment damage and safety accidents caused by capacity mismatch from the source and ensuring the inherent safety of blind insertion. The probe signal is injected through a bypass coupling circuit.

[0049] When the split-type soft starter unit drives the load motor into the starting rise phase, the feedback device at the port continuously collects AC voltage and current waveforms and constructs a feedback sampling signal. The collaborative control module uses the feedback sampling signal to extract the time-domain zero-crossing point of the voltage and current waveforms to obtain the dynamic phase difference, and simultaneously performs continuous-time differential calculation on the current value to obtain the current rate of change trajectory. The collaborative control module multiplies the sine value of the dynamic phase difference with the dynamic current amplitude obtained from the current rate of change trajectory to accurately calculate the inductive reactive power loss generated by the long-distance power supply cable under the impact of the large starting current. After obtaining the inductive reactive power loss, the collaborative control module fine-tunes the conduction angle of the thyristor in the split-type soft starter unit in real time according to the reactive power loss. When the inductive reactive power loss increases, the conduction angle is appropriately reduced to suppress the surge current, thereby limiting the transient peak current during the starting process to within the overcurrent protection action threshold preset by the feeder switch in the front-end electrical cabinet node. This method achieves dynamic closed-loop control of cable reactive power loss and thyristor conduction angle during startup, successfully overcoming the engineering pain point of easy triggering of explosion-proof switch tripping during heavy-load startup in long-distance low-voltage power supply, and improving the stability of system heavy-load startup.

[0050] During node collaboration, temperature sensors deployed within the front-end electrical cabinet node collect real-time temperature data from inside the explosion-proof enclosure. The collaborative control module performs time-difference calculations on the continuously collected temperature data to calculate the rate of temperature change within the cabinet over time and generate a cabinet temperature change rate parameter. When the cabinet temperature change rate parameter exceeds a preset threshold, it indicates that the front-end electrical cabinet node faces a risk of localized overheating. The collaborative control module then packages at least one of the high-computing-power non-real-time tasks from the front-end electrical cabinet node that do not directly participate in the immediate switching control of the high-voltage main circuit. These tasks include high-frequency waveform analysis, arc grounding prediction, and reactive power harmonic calculation. This package is written into a task dispatch instruction and sent to the back-end electrical cabinet node for calculation. Simultaneously, the collaborative control module calculates the contact resistance and arc extinguishing delay of the main switch contacts in the front-end electrical cabinet node based on inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data and combines them to construct a contact degradation index. When the contact degradation index is detected to exceed a preset aging threshold, it indicates that the main switch hardware performance of the front-end electrical cabinet node has deteriorated. At this time, the back-end electrical cabinet node automatically generates a shadow protection takeover command and, according to the shadow protection takeover command, appropriately shortens its own overcurrent and leakage protection action time limit, taking over the overcurrent and leakage protection responsibilities of the circuit where the front-end electrical cabinet node is located. (Refer to...) Figure 7 As shown, the top graph displays the contact resistance of the main switch contacts. The curve gradually increases with running time; when it exceeds the preset aging threshold... (e.g., at 2mΩ); the middle graph displays the aging logic signal. With shadow protection takeover signal Flip from 0 to 1; the bottom line is displayed Short circuit faults occur frequently At that time, the back-end electrical cabinet node shall, in accordance with the shortened protection action time limit, Tripping is triggered at any time (action delay) This avoids the potential for failure to operate caused by aging and degradation of the upstream switch contacts.

[0051] This method reduces the temperature rise rate of the front-end cabinet by distributing computing power without changing the physical power supply structure. At the same time, it compensates for the safety hazards caused by the aging of the front-end switches by taking over the shadow protection of the downstream nodes, which greatly improves the hardware redundancy and safety protection capability of the underground power supply system.

[0052] Of course, the above are just typical examples of the present invention. In addition, the present invention may have many other specific embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A soft-start controlled power distribution system for mining electrical cabinets, characterized in that, include: At least two electrical cabinet nodes arranged in series, including a front-end electrical cabinet node and a rear-end electrical cabinet node, wherein the front-end electrical cabinet node and the rear-end electrical cabinet node are connected by a power supply cable and a communication bus; The split soft starter unit can be detachably assembled at any electrical cabinet node and forms an electrical connection with the corresponding electrical cabinet node. The feedback unit, located at the port of the split soft-start unit, includes a voltage sensor and a current sensor, and is used to collect the voltage and current signals of the access point to form a feedback sampling signal. The protocol identification module is configured to identify the communication protocol type of the split soft starter unit after it is connected, and output a power supply permission signal after successful identification and matching; the split soft starter unit closes the main power supply circuit of the corresponding electrical cabinet node according to the power supply permission signal; the collaborative control module is deployed at the front-end electrical cabinet node and the back-end electrical cabinet node respectively, and is configured to calculate the line transmission loss based on the feedback sampling signal and generate power distribution coordination parameters, and use the power distribution coordination parameters to adjust the output reference of the split soft starter unit; and the collaborative control module is configured to obtain the circuit characteristics between the front and back electrical cabinet nodes through the communication bus to generate inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data, and generate task issuance instructions according to the inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data, and issue the control and calculation tasks of the front-end electrical cabinet node to the back-end electrical cabinet node for execution.

2. The mine electrical cabinet power distribution system with soft-start control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protocol identification module includes an intrinsically safe probe circuit; Before the split-type soft starter unit is physically connected and the main circuit is powered on, the intrinsically safe probe circuit is configured to inject a high-frequency probe signal with an amplitude of less than 12V into the load circuit, and extract the phase angle characteristics of the load circuit according to the feedback signal to generate load impedance phase angle data, and calculate the equivalent power level of the load circuit based on the load impedance phase angle data. The protocol identification module is configured to trigger the communication bus to perform a protocol handshake only when the equivalent power level matches the rated capacity of the split soft-start unit, and output the power supply permission signal after the handshake is successful.

3. The soft-start controlled power distribution system for mining electrical cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The split-type soft-start unit includes a thyristor voltage regulation circuit. The collaborative control module is configured to: extract the dynamic phase difference of voltage and current and the trajectory of current change rate using the feedback sampling signal during the rising period of the startup slope of the split soft starter unit, calculate the inductive reactive power loss of the power supply cable, and adjust the conduction angle of the thyristor voltage regulation circuit according to the inductive reactive power loss, so as to limit the startup peak current below the overcurrent protection action threshold of the feeder switch in the front-end electrical cabinet node.

4. A soft-start controlled power distribution system for mining electrical cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power distribution coordination parameters include an initial compensation voltage value and a slope correction factor; the cooperative control module is configured to: calculate the line voltage drop between the split soft starter unit and the load using the feedback sampling signal; generate the initial compensation voltage value based on the line voltage drop to raise the initial output voltage of the split soft starter unit; and generate the slope correction factor based on the line voltage drop to adjust the voltage rise slope of the split soft starter unit, so as to maintain the voltage reaching the load end above the preset starting voltage reference value.

5. A soft-start controlled power distribution system for mining electrical cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collaborative control module is configured to: after the split soft starter unit is assembled to the target electrical cabinet node and communication protocol identification is completed, extract the protocol type and node physical address of the split soft starter unit to generate node topology identification data; update the power supply topology mapping table in the network according to the node topology identification data, and determine the power supply path of the split soft starter unit in the current topology variant based on the power supply topology mapping table, and then output the power supply permission signal.

6. A soft-start controlled power distribution system for mining electrical cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collaborative control module is configured to: control the transmission of test pulses between the front-end electrical cabinet node and the back-end electrical cabinet node, generate circuit physical characteristic data based on feedback delay and voltage attenuation, and monitor the current microprocessor load rate of the front-end electrical cabinet node in real time to generate front-end operating load parameters. When the front-end operating load parameters exceed the preset load threshold and the loop physical characteristic data meets the preset transmission delay threshold, the task migration allocation ratio is calculated based on the loop physical characteristic data, and the soft start algorithm trajectory calculation task and sensor data filtering task in the front-end electrical cabinet node are packaged and written into the task issuance instruction according to the task migration allocation ratio, and issued to the back-end electrical cabinet node for execution.

7. A method for controlling the power distribution of a mining electrical cabinet based on a soft-start control system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Access identification steps: Detect the access status of the split soft starter unit, identify its communication protocol type, and output a power supply permission signal after the protocol identification is successful; The split soft starter unit receives the power supply permission signal and closes the main power supply circuit of the corresponding electrical cabinet node; Sensing and Adjustment Steps: Voltage and current signals are collected by a feedback device set at the port of the split soft starter unit to form a feedback sampling signal. The line transmission loss is calculated based on the feedback sampling signal and power distribution coordination parameters are generated. The power distribution coordination parameters are used to adjust the soft starter output reference. Node collaboration steps: Obtain the circuit characteristics between the front-end electrical cabinet node and the back-end electrical cabinet node through the communication bus to generate inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data, generate task issuance instructions based on the inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data, and allocate the control and calculation tasks of the front-end electrical cabinet node to the back-end electrical cabinet node for execution.

8. The power distribution control method for a mining electrical cabinet according to claim 7, characterized in that, The access identification step specifically includes: injecting a high-frequency detection signal with an amplitude of less than 12V into the load circuit before the split soft start unit is physically connected and the main circuit is powered on; The phase angle features of the returned signal are extracted to generate load impedance phase angle data, and the equivalent power level is determined by matching the load impedance phase angle data with a preset motor impedance fingerprint feature library. Determine whether the equivalent power rating matches the rated capacity of the split-type soft starter unit; If a match is found, the communication bus is triggered to perform a protocol handshake. After a successful handshake, the power supply permission relay is closed to output the power supply permission signal. If they do not match, the power supply permission relay is locked.

9. The power distribution control method for a mining electrical cabinet according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sensing and adjustment steps specifically include: During the rising slope of the split-type soft-start unit, the dynamic phase difference of voltage and current and the trajectory of current change rate are extracted using the feedback sampling signal; The inductive reactive power loss of the power supply cable is calculated based on the dynamic phase difference and current change rate trajectory; the conduction angle of the thyristor in the split soft starter unit is adjusted based on the inductive reactive power loss to limit the starting peak current to within the switch protection action threshold of the front-end electrical cabinet node.

10. The power distribution control method for a mining electrical cabinet according to claim 7, characterized in that, The node collaboration steps specifically include: The temperature inside the explosion-proof enclosure of the front-end electrical cabinet node is collected and the temperature rise rate is calculated to form a cabinet temperature change rate parameter. When the cabinet temperature change rate parameter exceeds a preset rate threshold, the non-real-time high-computing-power task of the front-end electrical cabinet node is packaged and written into the task issuance instruction and issued to the back-end electrical cabinet node for execution. Furthermore, based on the inter-cabinet circuit characteristic data, the contact resistance and arc extinguishing delay of the main switch contacts of the front-end electrical cabinet node are calculated to generate a contact degradation index. When the contact degradation index exceeds a preset aging threshold, a shadow protection takeover instruction is generated. The back-end electrical cabinet node then takes over the overcurrent and leakage protection of the circuit where the front-end electrical cabinet node is located according to the shadow protection takeover instruction and the shortened protection action time limit.

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