Outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse driving control system and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of high-voltage fuse technology, and discloses an outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system and method, including a main control unit, a transistor module, a switch array, an energy storage capacitor bank, and a drive coil. The main control unit sends a bipolar micro-pulse drive signal to acquire the saturation conduction voltage drop, terminal voltage, and current, extracts junction temperature parameters and equivalent resistance parameters, and calculates and generates a dynamic characteristic drop time window and a characteristic drop judgment threshold. The main control unit receives a disconnection command to trigger the energy storage capacitor bank to discharge to the drive coil. Within the dynamic characteristic drop time window, the unlocking state is determined by comparing the first-order rate of change of the transient current with the characteristic drop judgment threshold. If unlocking is not completed, the control switch array reconstructs the energy storage capacitor bank into a series power supply topology and re-injects high-voltage pulse current. This invention eliminates the judgment deviation caused by environmental temperature differences and overcomes mechanical resistance to ensure the completion of the disconnection action in the event of physical jamming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-voltage fuse technology, specifically to an outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuses are important protective devices used in power distribution network systems. They are mainly installed on the high-voltage side of transformers or at the branches of distribution lines. Under normal operating conditions, they carry the working current. When an abnormal short-circuit fault occurs in the distribution network, the control unit issues a command to trigger the internal tripping mechanism to disconnect the circuit, cut off the fault current, and ensure the safe operation of power facilities.

[0003] Most existing high-voltage fuse drive control systems employ a capacitor energy storage combined with coil excitation. Upon receiving a tripping command, the main control module controls the energy storage capacitor to discharge to the drive coil. The energized coil generates electromagnetic driving force, pushing the moving iron core and unlocking the mechanical self-locking mechanism to complete the tripping action. During this process, the main control module simultaneously collects transient current data within the coil, using the current change rate characteristics to determine whether the mechanical mechanism has successfully completed the unlocking and tripping action. Upon confirmation of completion, it disconnects the discharge circuit.

[0004] Current control technologies, when used in outdoor environments, are hampered by temperature variations and solar radiation. These variations cause drift in the equivalent resistance of the drive coil and the junction temperature of the switching devices. Using a fixed time window for current characteristic comparison can lead to misjudgments. Furthermore, in situations involving physical jamming due to icing or mechanical corrosion, existing single-cell discharge topologies cannot provide higher excitation voltages to increase electromagnetic thrust, resulting in tripping failure. Conventional parameter detection using unidirectional pulses causes residual magnetism to accumulate in the core, leading to time drift in the tripping action. Introducing external sensors further increases system hardware costs. Due to the time-consuming nature of software processes, the system experiences response delays when receiving commands. Moreover, in cases of mechanical jamming, the purely software-based timing delays prevent timely interruption of the drive pulse, ultimately causing the drive coil to overheat and burn out its insulation.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide an outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system and method to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system and method, which solves the problems of existing outdoor high-voltage fuse drive control systems being prone to misjudgment of state and drift of action time under the influence of environmental temperature difference and residual magnetism, as well as the failure of tripping when mechanically jammed, and the existence of response delay and abnormal power supply burning of coil insulation.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The first aspect of the present invention provides an outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system, including a main control unit, a transistor module, a switch array, an energy storage capacitor bank, and a drive coil; The main control unit is electrically connected to the transistor module, the switch array, and the drive coil, respectively. The switch array is connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit inside the energy storage capacitor bank, and the power output terminal of the energy storage capacitor bank is connected to the drive coil via the transistor module. The main control unit sends a bipolar micropulse drive signal to the transistor module, obtains the saturation on-state voltage drop of the transistor module, the terminal voltage and current of the drive coil, extracts the junction temperature parameters of the transistor module and the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil, and calculates and generates a dynamic feature drop time window and a feature drop judgment threshold based on the junction temperature parameters and the equivalent resistance parameters. The main control unit receives an external high-voltage disconnection command and outputs a working drive pulse to the transistor module to trigger the transistor module to conduct. The energy storage capacitor bank releases drive energy to the drive coil. Within the dynamic characteristic drop time window, the main control unit determines the unlocking status by comparing the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil with the characteristic drop judgment threshold. If the unlocking action is not completed, the main control unit sends an abnormal reconstruction signal to the switch array and controls the switch array to reconstruct the energy storage capacitor bank into a series power supply topology and re-inject high-voltage pulse electricity into the drive coil.

[0008] Furthermore, the bipolar micropulse drive signal includes a forward micropulse drive signal and a reverse micropulse drive signal; the main control unit sends a forward topology configuration signal and a reverse topology configuration signal to the switch array, controlling the internal commutator switch tubes and reverse commutator switch tubes to conduct and construct a forward pulse injection circuit and a reverse pulse injection circuit; the main control unit balances the positive flux accumulation generated by the drive coil during the conduction of the forward micropulse drive signal with the reverse flux accumulation generated by the drive coil during the conduction of the reverse micropulse drive signal to satisfy the volt-second integral balance constraint condition.

[0009] In non-fault standby mode, the system uses a forward and reverse micro-pulse alternating injection mechanism and constrains the volt-second integral balance. Under the premise that the injected current ampere-turns are less than the tripping critical threshold, parameter detection is performed. The reverse magnetic field is used to eliminate the residual magnetism introduced by the forward detection, preventing the accumulation of residual magnetism in the moving iron core from causing the breaking time drift under outdoor working conditions.

[0010] Furthermore, the main control unit integrates an analog comparator and an analog-to-digital converter. When the current rises to the set current threshold, the analog comparator flips and outputs a hardware trigger signal to the analog-to-digital converter, simultaneously acquiring the saturation on-state voltage drop, terminal voltage, and current. The main control unit uses a preset linear physical mapping model to invert and calculate the junction temperature parameter from the saturation on-state voltage drop. The main control unit uses the terminal voltage divided by the current to obtain the transient apparent impedance, and calculates the equivalent resistance parameter by subtracting the inductive reactance component generated by the inherent inductance parameter of the drive coil in the transient stage based on the transient apparent impedance and the first-order circuit differential equation model.

[0011] Using the above design, the hardware cascade of analog comparator and analog-to-digital converter is used to eliminate the interference of current amplitude change on voltage drop sampling. Through inversion calculation and inductive reactance subtraction model, the junction temperature parameter reflecting the device temperature drift and the equivalent resistance parameter reflecting the effect of solar radiation are extracted under the condition of no external temperature sensor connection, thus completing the extraction of thermoelectric dual parameters.

[0012] Furthermore, the main control unit uses the junction temperature parameter and the equivalent resistance parameter as independent variables to input into the preset window start time mapping model to obtain the expected feature drop time window start time, and calculates the expected feature drop time window end time based on the independent two-dimensional mapping calculation; the main control unit generates a dynamic feature drop time window based on the expected feature drop time window start time and the expected feature drop time window end time.

[0013] A dynamic two-dimensional mapping mechanism based on thermoelectric dual parameters is established. According to the transistor temperature drift and the change of the driving coil time constant, the start and end time boundaries are independently calculated to compensate for the change in the current rise slope and mechanical response delay caused by the outdoor temperature difference, and to prevent missed or false judgments caused by the fixed detection window.

[0014] Furthermore, the main control unit is internally configured with a direct memory access controller and a high-speed shadow register. The main control unit uses the direct memory access controller to employ a hardware-level atomic operation mechanism to send a data lock signal to the enable control bit of the high-speed shadow register, and writes the dynamic feature drop time window and feature drop judgment threshold into the working area of ​​the high-speed shadow register. When the highest priority hardware interrupt service is triggered, the main control unit suspends and suspends the parameter probing and multi-dimensional calculation process in the non-fault standby state, and directly physically addresses and reads the dynamic feature drop time window and feature drop judgment threshold stored in the working area of ​​the high-speed shadow register.

[0015] The system employs low-level hardware-level atomic operations to ensure the integrity of the entire set of control parameters through asynchronous background updates, and utilizes an interrupt-driven read mechanism to avoid the overhead of pushing and popping from the stack in conventional software function calls, thereby achieving hard real-time response to interrupt instructions.

[0016] Furthermore, during the discharge of the energy storage capacitor bank, the high-speed analog-to-digital converter inside the main control unit continuously converts the current flowing through the drive coil to obtain discrete digital current data; the main control unit continuously performs moving average filtering on the discrete digital current data, extracts the filtered current data from adjacent sampling time nodes, performs first-order difference calculation, and obtains the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil.

[0017] Furthermore, the internal hardware timer of the main control unit uses a high-speed clock source to generate a time count value. When the time count value is within the time period included in the dynamic characteristic drop time window, the main control unit compares the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil with the characteristic drop judgment threshold for multiple consecutive calculation cycles. If the comparison result is continuously less than or equal to the characteristic drop judgment threshold, the main control unit determines that the unlocking and tripping action has been completed and stops outputting working drive pulses to the transistor module.

[0018] Furthermore, the main control unit writes the expected end time of the characteristic drop time window into the comparison register of the hardware timer to establish a hard real-time response time boundary triggering mechanism; when the time count value is completely matched with the data in the comparison register and a comparison matching interrupt is triggered, if the trip status flag is not set to the success level, the main control unit determines that a physical jam has occurred, pulls the working drive pulse output to the transistor module low to the cutoff level, and updates the internal status flag of the system to the abnormal adaptive correction state.

[0019] By constructing a hard real-time time boundary independent of the software loop through a hardware timer, the system can identify physical jamming caused by icing or corrosion, cut off overload excitation, and ensure the safety of coil insulation and the residual power of the system.

[0020] Furthermore, after the status flag is updated to the abnormal adaptive correction state and the set global dead time has elapsed, the main control unit outputs an abnormal reconstruction signal to the switch array; the switch array controls the first parallel control switch and the second parallel control switch inside to turn off, and controls the internal series control switch to turn on after the dead time of the switch tube, reconstructing the energy storage capacitor bank into a series power supply topology; the main control unit resends the working drive pulse to the transistor module, calls the backup characteristic drop time window and backup drop judgment threshold in the pre-stored high-voltage strong excitation backup threshold set, and compares the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil under high-voltage pulse current injection.

[0021] After the jamming occurs, the system performs adaptive correction. After confirming the global dead time when the transistor is completely cut off, it reconstructs the connection relationship of the internal capacitor unit, uses the series boost topology to increase the total driving voltage of the circuit, increases the excitation current base to generate mechanical impulse, and overcomes nonlinear static friction to complete the tripping action.

[0022] A second aspect of the present invention provides a driving control method for an outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse, applied to the aforementioned driving control system for an outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse, comprising the following steps: In non-fault standby mode, bipolar micropulse drive signals are sent according to a set cycle to obtain saturation conduction voltage drop, terminal voltage of drive coil and current; Junction temperature parameters and equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil are extracted based on saturation on-state voltage drop, terminal voltage, and current. Based on the junction temperature parameter and the equivalent resistance parameter, a dynamic feature drop time window and a feature drop judgment threshold are generated by solving the mapping. When receiving an external high-voltage disconnection command, read the dynamic characteristic drop time window and characteristic drop judgment threshold, and output a working drive pulse to cause the energy storage capacitor bank to release drive energy to the drive coil. The first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil is obtained by continuously sampling the current flowing through the drive coil during the discharge and performing first-order differential calculation. Within the dynamic characteristic drop time window, the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil is compared with the characteristic drop judgment threshold in real time. When the time reaches the end of the dynamic characteristic drop time window and the comparison result does not meet the characteristic drop judgment threshold condition, the connection relationship of the capacitor units inside the energy storage capacitor bank is reconstructed into a series power supply topology, and the working drive pulse is re-output to inject high voltage pulse electricity into the drive coil to complete the unlocking and tripping action.

[0023] This invention provides an outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system and method. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention extracts the junction temperature parameters of the transistor module and the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil by setting the main control unit, and calculates and generates a dynamic characteristic drop time window and characteristic drop judgment threshold based on the junction temperature parameters and equivalent resistance parameters. At the same time, when the unlocking action is not completed, the control switch array reconstructs the energy storage capacitor group into a series power supply topology and re-injects high voltage pulse current. The detection time boundary is dynamically corrected by using temperature and resistance parameters that reflect environmental changes, so as to avoid deviation in the determination of the breaking state caused by outdoor temperature difference. When physical jamming occurs and the tripping fails to occur normally, the output voltage is increased by series reconstruction, and the electromagnetic driving force is increased to overcome mechanical resistance and complete the breaking action, thus ensuring the reliability of the breaking control of outdoor self-locking high voltage fuse.

[0024] 2. This invention constructs an alternating micropulse drive signal injection loop by setting the main control unit to send forward and reverse topology configuration signals to the switch array, and balances the accumulated forward and reverse magnetic flux to meet the volt-second integral balance constraint condition. At the same time, it combines an analog comparator and an analog-to-digital converter to collect parameters, and uses reverse micropulses to eliminate the residual magnetism accumulated in the iron core during the detection process, preventing the residual magnetism from causing the disconnection action time drift. Without increasing the hardware cost of the external temperature sensor, the junction temperature parameters and equivalent resistance parameters are directly calculated by relying on the hardware triggering mechanism and the circuit physical model.

[0025] 3. This invention adopts a hardware-level atomic operation mechanism by setting a direct memory access controller, which uniformly writes the dynamic feature drop time window and feature drop judgment threshold into the working area of ​​the high-speed shadow register, and uses the internal hardware timer of the main control unit to establish a time boundary triggering mechanism. It uses the underlying direct read and write mechanism and high-priority interrupt to avoid the software process running overhead, shorten the response delay of external high voltage interruption instructions, and relies on the hardware timer to establish an independent physical time boundary. When abnormal conditions such as mechanism freezing and jamming occur, the working drive pulse is accurately identified and cut off in time to prevent the drive coil from overheating due to prolonged power supply and causing insulation burnout. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall process of the method of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a line graph illustrating the timing and topology reconstruction verification of the first-order rate of change of transient current under extremely cold conditions according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a bar chart comparing the success rate and false alarm rate of different control strategies of the present invention under extremely cold icing conditions. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See attached document Figure 1 With appendix Figure 2 The present invention includes an outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system, which may include: a main control unit, a transistor module, a switch array, an energy storage capacitor bank, and a drive coil.

[0029] The control signal output terminal of the main control unit is electrically connected to the gate drive terminal of the transistor module. The topology switching signal terminal of the main control unit is electrically connected to the control terminal of the switch array, and the sampling input terminal of the main control unit is electrically connected to both ends of the drive coil and the collector and emitter of the transistor module.

[0030] The switch array is connected in series in the internal charging and discharging circuit of the energy storage capacitor bank. The switch array receives the topology switching signal output by the main control unit and changes the series or parallel connection state of multiple capacitor units inside the energy storage capacitor bank.

[0031] The power output terminal of the energy storage capacitor bank is connected to the drive coil via the collector and emitter of the transistor module. The transistor module receives the gate drive signal output by the main control unit, and turns on or off the power circuit from which the energy storage capacitor bank outputs current to the drive coil. The drive coil is built into the mechanical self-locking actuator of the high-voltage fuse.

[0032] See attached document Figure 1 This invention includes a driving control method for an outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse, comprising the following steps: When the outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system is in a non-fault standby state, the main control unit sends bipolar micro-pulse drive signals to the transistor module according to a set cycle. During the conduction of the bipolar micropulse drive signal, the main control unit obtains the saturation conduction voltage drop of the transistor module, the terminal voltage of the drive coil, and the current through the sampling input terminal; The main control unit performs mapping calculations based on the collected saturation on-state voltage drop, terminal voltage, and current to extract the junction temperature parameters of the transistor module and the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil. The main control unit uses junction temperature parameters and equivalent resistance parameters to calculate and generate gate drive compensation parameters, dynamic feature drop time window and feature drop judgment threshold, and writes the calculated dataset into the shadow register. When an external high-voltage disconnection command is received, the main control unit triggers a hardware interrupt service to terminate the detection and calculation process in the non-fault standby state and read the gate drive compensation parameters stored in the shadow register. The main control unit outputs working drive pulses to the transistor module based on the read gate drive compensation parameters. The transistor module is turned on, and the energy storage capacitor bank releases drive energy to the drive coil in parallel topology. During the discharge of the energy storage capacitor bank, the main control unit continuously samples the current flowing through the drive coil and calculates the first-order rate of change, and retrieves the dynamic characteristic drop time window in the shadow register. Within the time period included in the dynamic feature drop time window, the main control unit compares and calculates the first-order rate of change with the feature drop judgment threshold in real time. If the comparison result meets the threshold condition for feature drop judgment, the main control unit determines that the mechanical self-locking actuator has completed the unlocking action, stops outputting working drive pulses to the transistor module, and shuts down the transistor module to cut off the energy injection from the energy storage capacitor bank to the drive coil. When the time reaches the end of the dynamic feature drop time window and the comparison result of the first-order rate of change does not meet the feature drop judgment threshold condition, the main control unit stops outputting working drive pulses to turn off the transistor module and sends an abnormal reconstruction signal to the switch array. The switch array responds to the abnormal reconstruction signal and reconstructs the electrical connection relationship inside the energy storage capacitor bank into a series power supply topology; The main control unit resends the working drive pulse to the transistor module, and the energy storage capacitor bank in the series power supply topology injects high-voltage pulse current into the drive coil.

[0033] When the outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system is in a non-fault standby state, the main control unit sends bipolar micro-pulse drive signals to the transistor module according to a set cycle. The specific process includes: When the hardware timer inside the main control unit reaches the set polling cycle threshold, it triggers the parameter detection process in the non-fault standby state. The set polling cycle threshold is set according to the temperature change rate of the actual application scenario, and the value range is from 100ms to 1000ms.

[0034] The main control unit sends a positive topology configuration signal to the switch array, controls the internal commutator switch tubes of the switch array to turn on to build a positive pulse injection circuit, and outputs a positive micro-pulse drive signal to the transistor module. The energy storage capacitor bank applies a positive transient voltage across the drive coil via the positive pulse injection circuit.

[0035] After the positive micro-pulse drive signal ends, the main control unit sends a reverse topology configuration signal to the switch array, controls the reverse commutation switch inside the switch array to turn on to build a reverse pulse injection circuit, and the main control unit outputs a reverse micro-pulse drive signal to the transistor module. The energy storage capacitor bank applies a reverse transient voltage across the drive coil through the reverse pulse injection circuit.

[0036] The underlying logic for the main control unit to control the switch array to change the polarity of the connection between the energy storage capacitor bank and the drive coil is based on a full-bridge commutator circuit or a half-bridge commutator circuit structure. The switch array contains multiple metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. When the main control unit outputs a positive topology configuration signal, it controls the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors at specific diagonal positions to conduct, connecting the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor bank to the positive terminal of the drive coil.

[0037] When the main control unit outputs the reverse topology configuration signal, it controls another set of diagonally positioned metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors to conduct, connecting the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor bank to the negative input terminal of the drive coil. For the specific dead time configuration and drive isolation method of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor commutation circuit, those skilled in the art can select according to conventional power electronics design manuals.

[0038] The pulse widths of the positive and negative micropulse drive signals output by the main control unit are limited to the microsecond level, specifically ranging from 1μs to 50μs. The pulse width between 1μs and 50μs limits the total energy injected into the drive coil by the energy storage capacitor bank, ensuring that the ampere-turns of the current injected into the drive coil are much less than the critical threshold required for the drive coil to generate the magnetic pull force to overcome the static friction of the mechanical self-locking actuator, so that the mechanical self-locking actuator remains stationary during parameter detection.

[0039] The main control unit employs an alternating injection mechanism of forward and reverse micropulse drive signals to eliminate residual magnetism introduced during parameter detection. Continuously injecting unidirectional test pulses into the drive coil causes residual magnetism to accumulate in the moving iron core inside the coil. This accumulation, in outdoor environments, alters the ampere-turns threshold of the mechanical self-locking actuator, causing a drift in the actual breaking time of the high-voltage fuse. The main control unit utilizes the reverse magnetic field generated inside the drive coil by the reverse micropulse drive signal to demagnetize the moving iron core.

[0040] To demagnetize the moving iron core, the pulse width modulation module inside the main control unit limits the durations of the positive and negative micropulses according to the volt-second integral balance principle. The main control unit balances the accumulated positive flux linkage generated by the drive coil during the positive micropulse drive signal conduction period with the accumulated negative flux linkage generated by the drive coil during the negative micropulse drive signal conduction period. The main control unit uses built-in logic algorithms to ensure that the bipolar micropulse drive signal satisfies the following volt-second integral balance constraint condition: ; in: This represents the transient voltage across the drive coil; Indicates the duration of the positive micropulse; Indicates the duration of the reverse micropulse; This represents the differential time variable.

[0041] When the terminal voltage of the energy storage capacitor bank fluctuates due to leakage current, the main control unit dynamically adjusts the duration of the reverse micropulse by synchronously sampling the feedback data of the terminal voltage of the drive coil, so as to meet the above-mentioned volt-second integral balance constraint condition and ensure that the parameter detection cycle in each non-fault standby state will not leave net magnetic flux accumulation inside the drive coil.

[0042] During the conduction of the positive micropulse drive signal, the main control unit obtains the saturation conduction voltage drop of the transistor module, the terminal voltage of the drive coil, and the current through the sampling input terminal. When the positive micropulse drive signal is applied across the drive coil, the current inside the drive coil gradually increases from zero.

[0043] Because there is a non-linear coupling relationship between the saturation on-state voltage drop of the transistor module and the magnitude of the current flowing through it, the main control unit needs to perform synchronous sampling at a set current threshold to eliminate interference caused by current changes in the junction temperature parameter inversion calculation. The set current threshold is a lower current threshold, determined based on the lower limit of the linear region of the transistor module's transfer characteristic curve, and its range is set between 1A and 5A.

[0044] The main control unit integrates an analog comparator and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The current in the drive coil circuit is converted into a voltage signal by an external sampling resistor and input to the monitoring terminal of the analog comparator. The reference input terminal of the analog comparator is connected to a fixed reference voltage corresponding to the lower current threshold. When the current in the drive coil circuit rises to the lower current threshold, the analog comparator flips and outputs a hardware trigger signal to the ADC. The ADC receives the hardware trigger signal and, at the instant the current reaches the lower current threshold, directly and synchronously acquires the saturation on-state voltage drop of the transistor module, the terminal voltage of the drive coil, and the current without consuming the main control unit's software computing power. It then uses the internal timer of the main control unit to continuously trigger adjacent sampling points for high-frequency differential sampling, synchronously acquiring the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil corresponding to the lower current threshold. For the hardware cascade configuration of the ADC and analog comparator, those skilled in the art can configure the underlying registers according to the microcontroller's application manual.

[0045] After obtaining the saturation on-state voltage drop of the transistor module, the main control unit uses a preset linear physical mapping model to invert and calculate the junction temperature parameter of the transistor module under the current physical environment. The calculation logic built into the main control unit satisfies the following mathematical mapping formula: ; in: This indicates the junction temperature parameter of the transistor module; Indicates the reference temperature; This represents the pressure drop to temperature conversion coefficient; This represents the saturation on-state voltage drop of the transistor module; This represents the reference voltage drop at the reference reference temperature.

[0046] The reference temperature is set to the standard ambient temperature of 25°C. The reference voltage drop is determined by the factory-specified parameters of the transistor module under the reference temperature conditions and when passing a low current threshold. The reference voltage drop ranges from 0.8V to 1.5V. The voltage drop-temperature conversion factor characterizes the negative temperature drift characteristic of the transistor module's saturation conduction voltage drop as a function of temperature. This factor is pre-calibrated through high and low temperature chamber experiments and stored in the non-volatile memory inside the main control unit. The value range of the voltage drop-temperature conversion factor is set from -2mV / °C to -5mV / °C. Using the above physical mapping model, the main control unit can extract the real-time temperature data of the semiconductor die inside the transistor module non-destructively without the need for an external physical temperature sensor.

[0047] During the calculation of the junction temperature parameters of the transistor module, the main control unit simultaneously uses the acquired terminal voltage and current of the drive coil to calculate the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil. The main control unit divides the terminal voltage of the drive coil by the current to obtain the transient apparent impedance. Based on the transient apparent impedance corresponding to the lower current threshold, and combined with the first-order circuit differential equation model, the main control unit subtracts the inductive reactance component generated by the inherent inductance parameter of the drive coil during the transient phase, and calculates the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil under the current temperature conditions. The calculation of the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil satisfies the following formula: ; in: This represents the equivalent resistance parameter of the drive coil; This represents the transient voltage across the drive coil; Indicates the initial nominal inductance of the drive coil; This represents the transient current of the drive coil; It represents the first-order rate of change of the transient current in the drive coil.

[0048] The initial nominal inductance of the drive coil is determined by the factory nominal parameters of the drive coil. The equivalent resistance parameter directly reflects the influence of outdoor ambient temperature and solar radiation on the physical resistance drift of the copper wire inside the drive coil. The main control unit writes the extracted junction temperature parameters of the transistor module and the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil into the random access memory inside the main control unit to complete the extraction process of thermal and electrical parameters.

[0049] During the operation of the outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system, the main control unit performs multi-dimensional calculations on the junction temperature parameters of the acquired transistor module and the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil, and dynamically generates timing windows and morphological thresholds for subsequent hard real-time action determination.

[0050] High-voltage fuses experience temperature variations and component aging during outdoor operation, necessitating quantitative compensation for the impact of physical parameter drift on mechanical tripping timing. On one hand, drift in the equivalent resistance parameter of the drive coil alters the electromagnetic time constant of the electromagnetic drive circuit, causing a change in the rise slope of the drive current and consequently altering the moment the moving iron core begins to move. On the other hand, increased junction temperature in the transistor module alters the semiconductor's transconductance characteristics, increasing switching delay and turn-on losses, and also causing temperature drift in the response time of the gate drive circuit. These combined changes in both thermal and electrical parameters ultimately lead to a nonlinear shift in the timing and magnitude of the back electromotive force generated when the moving iron core reaches a specific displacement. Using a fixed detection window and threshold can easily result in missed or false detections.

[0051] The main control unit establishes a dynamic two-dimensional mapping mechanism based on the junction temperature parameters of the transistor module and the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil to achieve dynamic calibration and calculation of the parameters. The main control unit first reads the junction temperature parameters of the transistor module and the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil extracted and stored in the current detection cycle from the random access memory. The main control unit then inputs the junction temperature parameters of the transistor module and the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil as independent variables into the preset window start time mapping model, and calculates the expected feature drop time window start time. The specific calculation of the expected feature drop time window start time satisfies the following mathematical formula: ; in: Indicates the start time of the expected characteristic drop time window; This represents the resistance time constant mapping coefficient, used to quantitatively correct the time shift of the current rise caused by changes in the electromagnetic time constant; Indicates the initial nominal inductance of the drive coil; This represents the equivalent resistance parameter of the drive coil; This represents the temperature compensation delay factor, used to correct the turn-on delay changes in transistor modules and gate drive circuits caused by junction temperature drift. It represents the basic mechanical response delay constant, which corresponds to the basic time period during which the mechanism overcomes static friction and generates initial displacement under standard operating conditions.

[0052] The resistance time constant mapping coefficient is set to a range of 0.5 to 1.5, the temperature compensation delay coefficient is set to a range of 0.1 μs / ℃ to 0.5 μs / ℃, and the basic mechanical response delay constant is set to a range of 5 ms to 20 ms. The resistance time constant mapping coefficient, temperature compensation delay coefficient, and basic mechanical response delay constant were all obtained through prior temperature chamber and physical tensile tests and are stored as constants in the non-volatile memory of the main control unit.

[0053] The main control unit uses the junction temperature parameters of the transistor module and the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil to calculate the end time of the expected characteristic drop-off time window. To ensure coverage of the entire moving iron core positioning process and prevent sampling overflow, the end time of the expected characteristic drop-off time window is calculated independently using a two-dimensional mapping based on the physical mechanism. The end time of the expected characteristic drop-off time window satisfies the following formula: ; in: This indicates the end of the expected characteristic drop time window; Indicates the resistance mapping coefficient at the end time; Indicates the temperature compensation coefficient at the end time; This represents the basic mechanical delay constant at the end time.

[0054] The resistance mapping coefficient at the end time is set to a value range of 0.8 to 2.0, the temperature compensation coefficient at the end time is set to a value range of 0.2μs / ℃ to 0.8μs / ℃, and the basic mechanical delay constant at the end time is set to a value range of 15ms to 40ms. The basic mechanical delay constant at the end time must be greater than the basic mechanical response delay constant.

[0055] The resistance mapping coefficient, temperature compensation coefficient, and basic mechanical delay constant at the end time are also calibrated and stored experimentally. By independently calculating the end time of the expected characteristic drop-off time window, the main control unit can dynamically adjust the span of the dynamic characteristic drop-off time window according to the current thermoelectric conditions. When the outdoor ambient temperature decreases and the equivalent resistance parameter of the drive coil decreases, the electromagnetic time constant decreases, the drive current rises rapidly, the excitation process is shortened, and the calculated dynamic characteristic drop-off time window will be shortened and advanced accordingly. Conversely, under high temperature and high resistance conditions, the calculated dynamic characteristic drop-off time window will be widened and shifted backward to ensure the accuracy of feature capture.

[0056] The main control unit synchronously maps and calculates the characteristic drop threshold based on the current thermoelectric physical state. When the equivalent resistance parameter of the drive coil increases or the saturation conduction voltage drop of the transistor module increases, the peak value of the maximum excitation current in the drive coil circuit will decrease, resulting in a shallower dip in the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil caused by the back electromotive force generated when the moving iron core moves. Therefore, the characteristic drop threshold must be dynamically adjusted accordingly. The specific mapping calculation of the characteristic drop threshold satisfies the following formula: ; in: This represents the feature dropout threshold, which is configured as a negative value in the actual software logic. Indicates the characteristic drop slope and resistive inductance coefficient; Indicates the characteristic drop slope and temperature sensitivity coefficient; This represents the threshold for the basic drop slope.

[0057] The characteristic drop slope resistance sensing coefficient ranges from 10 (A / s) / Ω to 50 (A / s) / Ω, the characteristic drop slope temperature sensing coefficient ranges from 5 (A / s) / ℃ to 20 (A / s) / ℃, and the basic drop slope threshold ranges from -5000A / s to -1000A / s. All of the above coefficients and thresholds are obtained through factory calibration.

[0058] Through multidimensional calculation, when the high-voltage fuse is under high temperature and high resistance, and the overall base of the drive current decreases, the absolute value of the calculated characteristic drop judgment threshold will decrease accordingly, preventing missed judgments due to indistinct dip characteristics. Conversely, when the low temperature and low resistance, increased discharge current, and significant drop in the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil caused by back electromotive force result in a corresponding increase in the absolute value of the calculated characteristic drop judgment threshold, this is used to filter out the ripple noise of the high discharge current itself and avoid misjudgments. For the underlying calculations of matrix interpolation or multivariate polynomial fitting in multidimensional mapping calculations, those skilled in the art can write algorithms based on conventional numerical analysis methods.

[0059] The main control unit calculates the gate drive compensation parameters based on the change in the on-resistance of the transistor module corresponding to the junction temperature parameters of the transistor module, using a preset compensation function. The gate drive compensation parameters are used to adjust the dead time and duty cycle of the working drive pulse during actual operation, so as to smooth the turn-on speed fluctuation of the transistor module at different temperatures.

[0060] The preset compensation function adopts a linear function model, establishing a direct proportional adjustment relationship between the junction temperature parameter of the transistor module and the duty cycle of the driving pulse. After the calculation is completed, the calculated start time of the expected characteristic drop time window, the end time of the expected characteristic drop time window, the characteristic drop judgment threshold, and the gate drive compensation parameters together form a complete set of control parameters. The main control unit writes the complete set of control parameters into the internal high-speed shadow register, completing the background asynchronous iterative refresh of the standby state data, providing timely and accurate data support for the subsequent hard real-time interrupt response during high-voltage short circuits.

[0061] After the main control unit calculates and generates a complete set of control parameters, including the start time of the expected feature drop time window, the end time of the expected feature drop time window, the feature drop judgment threshold, and the gate drive compensation parameters, the main control unit executes a background asynchronous iterative refresh process for the standby state data.

[0062] The main control unit internally features a direct memory access controller (DMemory Controller) and a high-speed shadow register, independent of the main event loop calculation unit. The high-speed shadow register is a low-level cache unit composed of hardware triggers, operating at the same clock frequency as the main control unit's core arithmetic unit. The main control unit uses the DMemory Controller to transfer the complete set of control parameters stored in the random access memory (RAM) and write them into the high-speed shadow register. To prevent incomplete data from being read by the main control unit due to a sudden short circuit in the high-voltage fuse during data writing, the main control unit employs a hardware-level atomic operation mechanism when refreshing the high-speed shadow register. The main control unit sends a data lock signal to the enable control bit of the high-speed shadow register, and only after all the current control parameters have been transferred to the low-level temporary buffer does it trigger a clock flip, mapping the data in the temporary buffer to the working area of ​​the high-speed shadow register all at once. For the bus arbitration mechanism of the DMemory Controller and the specific low-level register configuration of the hardware-level atomic operation, those skilled in the art can refer to the microcontroller's hardware reference manual for code writing and pin settings.

[0063] During operation, when the outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system receives an external high-voltage disconnection command, the external hardware interrupt pin of the main control unit will capture a level transition signal. The nested vector interrupt controller inside the main control unit receives the level transition signal transmitted by the external hardware interrupt pin and triggers the highest priority hardware interrupt service. The main control unit responds to the hardware interrupt service, suspending and halting the parameter probing and multi-dimensional calculation processes in the non-fault standby state, stopping the output of bipolar micro-pulse drive signals to the transistor module, and simultaneously stopping the extraction of junction temperature parameters and equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil from the transistor module. The main control unit pushes the stack pointer of the current background asynchronous loop task onto the stack for storage, releases the computing power occupied by the main event loop, and transfers system control to the hardware interrupt service routine.

[0064] After triggering the hardware interrupt service, the main control unit directly physical addresses and reads the latest set of control parameters stored in the working area of ​​the high-speed shadow register. By directly addressing the underlying physical address, the main control unit bypasses the computational overhead of push and pop instructions generated during conventional software function calls, achieving μs-level data acquisition. Based on the read gate drive compensation parameters, the main control unit configures the high-level timer output comparison channel within the main control unit to output a junction-temperature-compensated working drive pulse to the gate drive terminal of the transistor module. Upon receiving the working drive pulse, the transistor module enters a saturated conduction state, and the energy storage capacitor bank, in a parallel power supply topology, releases drive energy to the drive coil through the transistor module.

[0065] Simultaneously with the transistor module's turn-on, the main control unit loads the expected feature dropout time window start and end times into its internal hardware timer comparison register, generating a dynamic feature dropout time window. The main control unit assigns the read feature dropout judgment threshold to the current sampling judgment logic module, providing a data reference for real-time extraction of transient magnetoresistive characteristics and closed-loop state determination during the drive energy release period. This ensures the system outputs accurate action commands and completes tripping state determination under complex temperature and resistance drift conditions.

[0066] The main control unit outputs working drive pulses to the transistor module based on the read gate drive compensation parameters. After the transistor module is turned on, the energy storage capacitor bank forms a closed power loop with the drive coil in a parallel power supply topology. The electrical energy stored in the energy storage capacitor bank is converted into magnetic field energy inside the drive coil, and the transient current in the drive coil loop gradually increases over time. During the excitation process, the drive coil generates a gradually increasing electromagnetic attraction force, which acts on the moving iron core of the mechanical self-locking actuator. Before the electromagnetic attraction force reaches the sum of the static friction force of the mechanical self-locking actuator and the reverse holding force of the physical locking structure, the moving iron core remains stationary, and the drive coil exhibits the initial nominal inductance state.

[0067] During the discharge of the energy storage capacitor bank, the main control unit continuously samples the current flowing through the drive coil at high frequency. A precision sampling resistor is connected in series in the drive coil circuit, which converts the transient current flowing through the drive coil into an analog voltage signal in real time. The analog voltage signal is input to a hardware anti-aliasing low-pass filter composed of resistors and capacitors, which filters out spatial radiated electromagnetic interference and high-frequency switching noise. The smoothed analog voltage signal is directly input to the analog input channel of the high-speed analog-to-digital converter inside the main control unit. The main control unit uses an internal hardware timer to trigger the high-speed analog-to-digital converter to perform continuous conversion operations. The conversion frequency is set to 100kHz to 500kHz according to the trip detection time resolution required by the system to ensure the accuracy of capturing transient current waveform changes.

[0068] After each sampling conversion, the high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) uses its internal direct memory access controller (DMI) to directly transfer the converted discrete digital current data to a pre-defined circular buffer in the random access memory (RAM). Using the DMI to transfer the discrete digital current data avoids the consumption of computing resources on the ADC by frequently triggering ADC completion interrupts, while also ensuring time alignment between the hardware timer triggering and the ADC conversion process. For the coordinated configuration of the high-speed ADC and the DMI, those skilled in the art can write the underlying register parameters according to the microcontroller's development manual.

[0069] The main control unit synchronously processes the discrete digital current data stored in the ring buffer within the main event loop. To smooth out numerical jitter introduced by sampling and quantization errors in the discrete digital current data, the main control unit continuously performs moving average filtering on the extracted discrete digital current data. The main control unit extracts the filtered current data from adjacent sampling time nodes and performs first-order difference calculation to obtain the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil. The specific calculation of the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil satisfies the following formula: ; in: This represents the first-order rate of change of the transient current in the drive coil. Indicates the current number The filtered value of the transient current of the drive coil in each sampling period; Indicates forward interval The filtered value of the transient current of the drive coil in each sampling period; The sampling period represents the forward interval, and the discrete time interval constant is set to a value range of 5 to 20 to achieve a balance between filtering high-frequency glitches and retaining current abrupt changes. This indicates the fixed sampling period of the high-speed analog-to-digital converter. The value of the fixed sampling period is equal to the reciprocal of the conversion frequency set by the high-speed analog-to-digital converter.

[0070] The calculated first-order rate of change reflects the macroscopic physical manifestation of the transient magnetoresistance change in the drive coil circuit in real time. The main control unit continuously updates the calculation results of the first-order rate of change, providing a continuous data stream basis for the subsequent closed-loop comparison and unlocking determination of the tripping state and locking mechanism within the dynamic characteristic drop time window.

[0071] The transistor module is turned on and continuously injects electrical energy into the drive coil. As the transient current in the drive coil circuit increases, the electromagnetic attraction generated by the drive coil during excitation gradually increases. When the electromagnetic attraction overcomes the sum of the static friction of the mechanical self-locking actuator and the opposing maintaining force of the physical locking structure, the moving iron core inside the mechanical self-locking actuator begins to undergo physical displacement. The movement of the moving iron core towards the closed position reduces the working air gap of the drive coil's magnetic circuit, and consequently reduces the magnetic reluctance inside the drive coil. The decrease in magnetic reluctance leads to an increase in the transient inductance of the drive coil.

[0072] According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the continuously increasing magnetic flux will induce a back electromotive force at both ends of the drive coil. The direction of the back electromotive force is opposite to the direction of the discharge voltage applied by the energy storage capacitor bank. The back electromotive force directly cancels part of the drive voltage applied by the energy storage capacitor bank to both ends of the drive coil, forcing the current in the drive coil circuit to be suppressed. Macroscopically, this is manifested as a dip and drop in the first-order rate of change waveform of the transient current of the drive coil.

[0073] The main control unit uses an internal hardware timer as the system time base. The moment the transistor module is turned on, the main control unit starts the hardware timer to begin counting. The hardware timer uses the main control unit's internal high-speed clock source to accumulate and count, generating a time count value. The main control unit reads the time count value in real time through a hardware interrupt service routine. The main control unit compares the time count value with the expected start and end times of the expected characteristic fall time window retrieved from the high-speed shadow register to determine whether the current physical time has entered the time period contained within the dynamic characteristic fall time window formed by the aforementioned start and end times.

[0074] When the hardware timer's count value falls within the time frame of the dynamic feature drop time window, the main control unit acquires the continuously updated first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil and compares it with the feature drop judgment threshold retrieved from the high-speed shadow register. To prevent sudden electromagnetic interference or analog-to-digital conversion quantization noise under high-voltage conditions from causing abrupt changes in single-calculation data and thus leading to misjudgment, the main control unit introduces a continuous sampling verification mechanism. The specific numerical comparison judgment condition satisfies the following formula: ; In the formula: This represents the first-order rate of change of the transient current in the drive coil. This represents the feature drop threshold, which is a negative value dynamically calculated based on the junction temperature parameter of the transistor module and the equivalent resistance parameter of the drive coil. The feature drop threshold is stored in the high-speed shadow register for direct access by the main control unit.

[0075] When the time count value falls within the time window of the dynamic characteristic drop, and the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil is less than or equal to the characteristic drop judgment threshold for several consecutive calculation cycles, the main control unit determines that the mechanical self-locking actuator has overcome the static friction and completed the unlocking and tripping action. The number of consecutive calculation cycles is set to 3 to 5 to filter out high-frequency spike interference. After determining that the unlocking and tripping action is completed, the pulse width modulation module inside the main control unit stops outputting working drive pulses to the transistor module and turns off the transistor module to cut off the energy injection from the energy storage capacitor bank to the drive coil. The main control unit sends a level transition command signal to the external high-voltage isolation break actuator through its internal general-purpose input / output port. After receiving the level transition command signal, the high-voltage isolation break actuator releases the main contact contact and completes the timing sequence of the high-voltage fuse main circuit shutdown action. For the optocoupler isolation communication and electrical connection method between the main control unit and the high-voltage isolation break actuator, those skilled in the art can select components and wire the circuit according to the conventional high-voltage switch control circuit design standards.

[0076] During the process of the transistor module turning on and driving the energy storage capacitor bank to release driving energy to the driving coil, the main control unit uses a hardware timer to generate a continuously accumulating time count value. The main control unit is internally configured with a compare-match interrupt logic unit. The main control unit writes the expected characteristic drop time window end time retrieved from the high-speed shadow register into the compare register of the hardware timer, establishing a time boundary triggering mechanism for hard real-time response.

[0077] When the hardware timer's count value perfectly matches the end time of the expected characteristic drop-off time window in the compare register, the underlying hardware of the hardware timer triggers a compare-match interrupt. The compare-match interrupt has hard real-time response characteristics, ensuring that the execution of time boundary determination is not interfered with by the execution cycles of other software tasks in the main event loop. The main control unit responds to the compare-match interrupt and executes the abnormal state determination logic.

[0078] Before the main control unit responds to the comparison matching interrupt, it maintains a tripping status flag within an independently allocated register address space during the time period encompassed by the dynamic feature drop time window. In the main event loop, each time the first-order rate of change of the transient current in the drive coil is found to be less than or equal to the feature drop determination threshold, the main control unit accumulates a count of the number of consecutively satisfied calculation cycles. If the number of consecutively satisfied calculation cycles reaches a set 3 to 5, the main control unit sets the tripping status flag to a successful level. After entering the comparison matching interrupt, the main control unit directly reads the level of the tripping status flag, replacing the traversal and retrieval of historical comparison results.

[0079] If, within the time period included in the dynamic characteristic drop time window, the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil is always greater than the characteristic drop judgment threshold, or the number of consecutive calculation cycles in which the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil is less than or equal to the characteristic drop judgment threshold does not reach the set verification condition of 3 to 5, and the trip status flag is not set to the success level, the main control unit determines that the mechanical self-locking actuator has failed to complete the unlocking action within the preset physical time boundary.

[0080] The failure to meet the characteristic drop threshold condition indicates that, within the maximum theoretical tolerance time span after considering the multi-dimensional mapping compensation of junction temperature parameters and equivalent resistance parameters, the electromagnetic attraction generated inside the drive coil failed to overcome the sum of the static friction force of the mechanical self-locking actuator and the reverse holding force of the physical locking structure, and the moving iron core failed to generate a physical displacement sufficient to induce a back electromotive force. Based on this, the main control unit determined that the mechanical self-locking actuator had physically jammed due to harsh outdoor conditions such as icing, corrosion of internal mechanical parts, or intrusion of foreign objects.

[0081] Upon confirming the occurrence of physical jamming, the main control unit immediately pulls the working drive pulse output to the gate drive terminal of the transistor module low to the cutoff level via its internal pulse width modulation module. Upon receiving the cutoff level, the transistor module shuts down, cutting off the energy injection circuit from the energy storage capacitor bank to the drive coil. Cutting off the energy injection circuit prevents the drive coil from thermal breakdown or insulation aging under prolonged continuous current excitation, while simultaneously retaining the remaining energy within the energy storage capacitor bank, providing energy reserves for subsequent topology reconfiguration and high-voltage pulse impulse current injection.

[0082] The main control unit synchronously updates the system's internal status flags from the closed-loop driven state to the abnormal adaptive correction state, preparing to trigger the subsequent switch array reconfiguration control timing. For the underlying register configuration and flag mapping logic of the comparison matching interrupt, those skilled in the art can write the code and define the state machine based on the microcontroller architecture reference manual.

[0083] After the main control unit updates the system's internal status flags to the abnormal adaptive correction state, it initiates the switch array reconfiguration control timing. To enable the main control unit to change the electrical connections of multiple capacitor units within the energy storage capacitor bank, it is essential to ensure that the transistor modules are completely off. The main control unit's internal hardware timer starts a delay count and inserts a set global dead time. This global dead time is used to wait for the carriers inside the transistor modules to fully recombine and for the freewheeling current in the drive coil circuit to decay to zero, preventing arcing or bridge arm shoot-through short circuits caused by the switch array performing topology switching operations under load. The global dead time is set to a range of 10ms to 50ms.

[0084] After the global dead time ends, the main control unit outputs an abnormal reconstruction signal to the switch array. The energy storage capacitor bank contains a first capacitor unit and a second capacitor unit. The switch array contains a first parallel control switch, a second parallel control switch, and a series control switch. The first parallel control switch, the second parallel control switch, and the series control switch all use metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.

[0085] In the previous parallel power supply topology, the first and second parallel control switches were in the ON state, the series control switch was in the OFF state, and the first and second capacitor units were connected in parallel. Upon receiving an abnormal reconfiguration signal, the main control unit applied a turn-off level to the gates of the first and second parallel control switches, turning them off. After waiting for a preset switch dead time, the main control unit applied a turn-on level to the gate of the series control switch. The preset switch dead time is controlled by a hardware-level delay using an internal advanced timer of the main control unit. The preset dead time ranges from 1μs to 5μs, preventing a physical short circuit within the energy storage capacitor bank caused by the simultaneous ON of the first, second, and series control switches during state switching.

[0086] When the series control switch is turned on, the negative terminal of the first capacitor unit is connected to the positive terminal of the second capacitor unit, reconstructing the internal electrical connections of the energy storage capacitor bank into a series power supply topology. In this series power supply topology, the output voltage of the energy storage capacitor bank is increased to the sum of the voltages of the first and second capacitor units. For the design of the isolation drive circuit for the multi-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors and the configuration of the underlying registers for the dead time of the switching transistors, those skilled in the art can select components and write code according to power electronic topology design specifications.

[0087] After the energy storage capacitor bank is reconfigured into a series power supply topology, the main control unit outputs working drive pulses to the transistor module again, and the transistor module enters the conducting state. In the series power supply topology state, the energy storage capacitor bank injects high-voltage pulse current into the drive coil. After the main control unit controls the transistor module to conduct, the electrical state of the drive coil circuit satisfies the following voltage balance equation: ; in: This represents the total transient voltage applied across the drive coil in a series power supply topology. Indicates the initial nominal inductance of the drive coil; This represents the transient current of the drive coil; This represents the equivalent resistance parameter of the drive coil; It represents the first-order rate of change of the transient current in the drive coil.

[0088] In a series power supply topology, the transient total voltage applied across the drive coil is significantly increased. Under the physical premise that the equivalent resistance and initial nominal inductance of the drive coil remain unchanged, according to the aforementioned voltage balance equation, the first-order rate of change of the transient current in the drive coil is significantly increased. The electromagnetic attraction generated by the drive coil is proportional to the square of the current; the rapidly rising current generates a high-amplitude electromagnetic attraction within the drive coil. The mechanical impulse generated by this high-amplitude electromagnetic attraction acts on the moving iron core of the mechanical self-locking actuator, overcoming the nonlinear static friction between the moving iron core and the guide mechanism caused by harsh outdoor conditions such as icing, corrosion of internal mechanical parts, or intrusion of foreign objects, forcing the moving iron core out of its stuck position.

[0089] During the high-voltage pulse current injection, the system returns to the real-time extraction of transient magnetoresistive characteristics and the closed-loop state determination process. The main control unit continues to continuously sample the current flowing through the drive coil through its internal high-speed analog-to-digital converter, calculating the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil under high-voltage pulse current injection. Since the series boost changes the electromagnetic time constant and peak current base of the circuit, the main control unit calls the high-voltage strong excitation backup threshold set pre-stored in the non-volatile memory. The main control unit uses the backup characteristic drop-off time window and backup drop-off judgment threshold in the high-voltage strong excitation backup threshold set to compare the currently calculated first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil in real time. The backup characteristic drop-off time window covers the theoretical time span from rest to completion of closed displacement of the moving iron core under high-voltage pulse current drive. The starting time of the backup characteristic drop-off time window is set to a range of 2ms to 5ms, and the ending time is set to a range of 10ms to 25ms. The standby drop threshold is used to characterize the drop slope caused by the back electromotive force generated by the movement of the moving iron core under high-voltage pulse current. The value range of the standby drop threshold is set from -15000A / s to -8000A / s. The data of the high-voltage strong-excitation standby threshold set are all obtained through factory bench physical test calibration under high-voltage power supply conditions.

[0090] If the comparison result meets the backup dropout threshold condition, the main control unit determines that the mechanical self-locking actuator has successfully overcome physical jamming and completed the unlocking and tripping action using the high-voltage pulse current. The main control unit then shuts down the transistor module and sends a level transition command signal to the external high-voltage isolation gate actuator to complete the timing sequence of the high-voltage fuse main circuit shutdown action. If the comparison result does not meet the backup dropout threshold condition, the main control unit maintains the transistor module in the conducting state until the energy storage capacitor bank in the series power supply topology is depleted or the time reaches the set maximum strong excitation time protection boundary. At this time, the main control unit reports a hardware fault level code and locks the outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system. The maximum strong excitation time protection boundary is the limit safety time to prevent the insulation of the drive coil from burning out due to prolonged overload current. The value range of the maximum strong excitation time protection boundary is set from 50ms to 150ms, and the specific value of the maximum strong excitation time protection boundary is determined by the thermal fusing limit parameter of the enameled wire of the drive coil.

[0091] Specific application examples: To verify the effectiveness of the outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system and method proposed in this invention in solving the problems of misjudgment caused by physical parameter drift due to environmental temperature fluctuations and disconnection failure caused by mechanism icing and jamming in complex outdoor environments, this embodiment is based on the application scenario of high-voltage fuse winter operation in a 110kV outdoor substation in a cold region of Northwest China, and combined with the attached... Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 The data shown will be explained in detail.

[0092] Appendix Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 All data are comparative test data of high-speed shadow register operation data read in real time by this system and traditional data driven by fixed threshold and single power supply topology.

[0093] In the application scenario of this embodiment, the outdoor ambient temperature is low, and the initial nominal inductance of the drive coil is low. Reference temperature Reference voltage drop To address the risks of device characteristic drift and potential mechanical and physical jamming under extreme cold weather, the system developed a joint control scheme combining multidimensional parameter mapping compensation and adaptive topology reconstruction high-voltage forced excitation.

[0094] When the system is in a non-fault standby state, the main control unit sends bipolar micro-pulse drive signals to the transistor module according to a polling cycle of 500ms.

[0095] During the positive micropulse conduction period, the current in the drive coil circuit reaches the lower current threshold of 2A momentarily.

[0096] The analog-to-digital converter synchronously acquires the voltage at the drive coil terminals. First-order rate of change of transient current Transistor module saturation conduction voltage drop The main control unit retrieves the preset voltage drop and temperature conversion coefficients (converted to actual calculation constants based on the reciprocal of physical characteristics) from the non-volatile memory. The system calculates the junction temperature parameters of the transistor module based on the mapping formula: .

[0097] The equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil are calculated synchronously according to the formula: After extracting the thermoelectric dual parameters, the main control unit initiates dynamic two-dimensional mapping and retrieves the constants. , (i.e., 0.0000004s / ℃) Calculate the start time of the expected characteristic drop time window: .

[0098] Call constant , , Calculate the feature drop threshold: The calculated dataset is written to a high-speed shadow register using hardware-level atomic operations, completing parameter self-calibration for extreme cold conditions in standby mode.

[0099] Upon receiving an external high-voltage disconnection command, the main control unit triggers an interrupt, reads the shadow register parameters, and outputs a working drive pulse. To verify the accuracy of the system's multi-dimensional mapping mechanism, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter is used to continuously sample and compare the first-order rate of change during discharge.

[0100] Due to the impedance change caused by extreme cold conditions, the drop amplitude caused by the back electromotive force becomes shallower, making it easy for traditional fixed time window and fixed threshold models to miss detections.

[0101] Appendix Figure 3 This is a grayscale line graph comparing the dynamic threshold and fixed threshold capture of the present invention. Figure 3 The horizontal axis represents time (ms), and the vertical axis represents the first-order rate of change of transient current (A / s). The solid line represents the real-time data of the first-order rate of change measured in this embodiment. The traditional fixed threshold is -2500A / s, while the feature drop judgment threshold dynamically calculated by the system is -1850A / s. Figure 3 As can be seen, when the physical time reaches 9.2ms (within the time period included in the dynamic window), due to the displacement of the moving iron core, the solid line waveform shows a dip and drops, with a drop of -1950A / s.

[0102] If a traditional fixed threshold scheme is used, and the current drop value of -1950A / s is greater than the fixed threshold of -2500A / s, the system will determine that no drop has occurred, leading to false alarms and system lag. However, in this embodiment, the drop value is calculated over three consecutive calculation cycles. The detection values ​​are approximately -1950 A / s to -1920 A / s, which all meet the requirements. Based on the specific judgment criteria, the system accurately identified the abnormal resistance characteristics weakened by the extreme cold environment, determined that the tripping action was successful, and then cut off the energy injection to prevent damage from over-excitation.

[0103] To verify the system's ability to correct deviations under real mechanical jamming conditions, an ice-covered condition was artificially set up at another test pile location.

[0104] The moving iron core is solidified by the ice layer, and the conventional driving energy under the parallel topology cannot overcome the increased nonlinear static friction.

[0105] When the time count reaches the end time set by the shadow register. At 25ms, a comparison and matching interrupt is triggered. The main control unit checks the trip status flag and finds that no physical displacement has occurred. The current speed remains above 150 A / s, failing to meet the condition of ≤-1850 A / s. The main control unit determines that a physical jam has occurred.

[0106] The main control unit immediately shuts down the transistor module, inserts a 20ms global dead time, and then outputs an abnormal reconstruction signal to the switch array. The series control switch is turned on, and the energy storage capacitor bank is reconstructed into a series power supply topology. After the transistor module is turned back on, the voltage balance equation is applied... The total voltage applied to the coil When the voltage jumps from 48V to 96V, the electromagnetic time constant changes abruptly. In the initial stage, the current surged to nearly 1900 A / s, and the mechanical impulse generated by the high-amplitude current instantly shattered the attached ice layer. The system invoked the backup drop threshold of -10000 A / s, and at 14ms, compared the actual rate of change and found that the current had dropped to -12000 A / s. The system then determined that the unlocking and tripping were successful, completing the adaptive correction closed loop under abnormal conditions.

[0107] During the complete winter high-voltage fuse tripping monitoring cycle, a large amount of measured data was recorded to address the issues of timing drift and jamming failures caused by environmental interventions.

[0108] This method was tested under different temperature and mechanical resistance conditions, and compared with traditional hardware solutions that do not include multidimensional mapping and topology reconstruction in engineering.

[0109] Appendix Figure 4 This is a grayscale bar chart comparing the system's success rate and response delay according to the present invention. Figure 4The left horizontal axis is divided into three working conditions: standard working condition (25℃), extremely cold and low resistance working condition (-25℃), and icing and jamming working condition. The main vertical axis is the one-time tripping success rate (%), and the secondary vertical axis is the action judgment response delay (ms). The light gray bars represent the data of the traditional solution, and the dark gray bars represent the data of the present invention.

[0110] From the appendix Figure 4 As can be seen, under standard operating conditions, the success rate of both solutions is close to 100%. Under extremely cold and low-resistance conditions, the traditional solution suffers from missed detections due to a fixed threshold, causing the success rate to plummet to 62%; the dark gray bars in this embodiment maintain a success rate of 99.2%. Under icing and jamming conditions, the traditional solution fails completely due to the inability to change the driving energy, resulting in a success rate of 0% and a decision delay that extends to the set limit protection time of 100ms; after adopting this system, the dark gray bars show that under the high-pressure impulse injection of topology reconstruction, the success rate recovers to over 95%, and the overall response decision delay is strictly limited to within 45ms.

[0111] The embodiments verify that the system can solve the waveform drift misjudgment problem in low-temperature environments by extracting junction temperature and equivalent resistance to perform dynamic multidimensional mapping. When a real jam is detected, the high-voltage pulse current output by the reconstructed series topology of the underlying switch array provides an effective correction method, ensuring the breaking reliability and timely operation of outdoor high-voltage fuses in harsh environments.

[0112] This embodiment demonstrates the engineering effectiveness of the outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system and method. On the one hand, based on the saturation conduction voltage drop and voltage and current data detected by micro-pulse in standby state, junction temperature and equivalent resistance parameters are deduced and extracted. Combined with a multi-dimensional mapping model, the action time window and judgment threshold are updated in real time, solving the problem of tripping misjudgment caused by device drift in traditional systems in wide-temperature outdoor environments. On the other hand, a hard real-time time boundary is established by using a timer comparison interrupt. When the judgment mechanism is stuck due to icing, the capacitor charging and discharging topology is changed by the switch array, and a high-voltage impulse current is injected to forcibly unlock it. The entire process can achieve state perception and adaptive correction without relying on external high-voltage sensors, improving the self-healing capability and operation and maintenance safety of the power system.

Claims

1. An outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system, characterized in that, It includes a main control unit, transistor module, switch array, energy storage capacitor bank, and drive coil; The main control unit is electrically connected to the transistor module, the switch array, and the drive coil, respectively. The switch array is connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit inside the energy storage capacitor bank, and the power output terminal of the energy storage capacitor bank is connected to the driving coil via the transistor module; The main control unit sends a bipolar micropulse drive signal to the transistor module, obtains the saturation on-state voltage drop of the transistor module, the terminal voltage and current of the drive coil, extracts the junction temperature parameter of the transistor module and the equivalent resistance parameter of the drive coil, and calculates and generates a dynamic feature drop time window and a feature drop judgment threshold based on the junction temperature parameter and the equivalent resistance parameter. The main control unit receives an external high-voltage disconnection command and outputs a working drive pulse to the transistor module to trigger the transistor module to conduct. The energy storage capacitor bank releases drive energy to the drive coil. Within the dynamic characteristic drop time window, the main control unit determines the unlocking status by comparing the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil with the characteristic drop judgment threshold. If the unlocking action is not completed, the main control unit sends an abnormal reconstruction signal to the switch array and controls the switch array to reconstruct the energy storage capacitor bank into a series power supply topology and re-inject high-voltage pulse electricity into the drive coil.

2. The outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bipolar micropulse driving signal includes a positive micropulse driving signal and a negative micropulse driving signal; The main control unit sends forward topology configuration signals and reverse topology configuration signals to the switch array, and controls the internal commutator switch tubes and reverse commutator switch tubes of the switch array to conduct to form a forward pulse injection circuit and a reverse pulse injection circuit; The main control unit balances the positive flux accumulation generated by the drive coil during the conduction of the positive micropulse drive signal with the negative flux accumulation generated by the drive coil during the conduction of the reverse micropulse drive signal to satisfy the volt-second integral balance constraint condition.

3. The outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control unit integrates an analog comparator and an analog-to-digital converter. When the current rises to a set current threshold, the analog comparator flips and outputs a hardware trigger signal to the analog-to-digital converter, simultaneously acquiring the saturation on-state voltage drop, the terminal voltage, and the current. The main control unit uses a preset linear physical mapping model to invert and calculate the saturated on-state voltage drop into the junction temperature parameter; The main control unit obtains the transient apparent impedance by dividing the terminal voltage by the current, and calculates the equivalent resistance parameter by subtracting the inductive reactance component generated by the inherent inductance parameter of the drive coil in the transient stage based on the transient apparent impedance and the first-order circuit differential equation model.

4. The outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control unit inputs the junction temperature parameter and the equivalent resistance parameter as independent variables into the preset window start time mapping model to calculate the expected feature drop time window start time, and calculates the expected feature drop time window end time based on the independent two-dimensional mapping. The main control unit generates a dynamic feature fall time window based on the start time and end time of the expected feature fall time window.

5. The outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main control unit is internally configured with a direct memory access controller and a high-speed shadow register. The main control unit uses the direct memory access controller to employ a hardware-level atomic operation mechanism to send a data lock signal to the enable control bit of the high-speed shadow register, and writes the dynamic feature fall time window and the feature fall judgment threshold into the working area of ​​the high-speed shadow register. When the highest priority hardware interrupt service is triggered, the main control unit suspends and suspends the parameter detection and multi-dimensional calculation process in the non-fault standby state, and directly physical addresses and reads the dynamic feature drop time window and the feature drop judgment threshold stored in the working area of ​​the high-speed shadow register.

6. The outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the discharge of the energy storage capacitor bank, the high-speed analog-to-digital converter inside the main control unit continuously converts the current flowing through the drive coil to obtain discrete digital current data. The main control unit continuously performs moving average filtering on the discrete digital current data, extracts the filtered current data from adjacent sampling time nodes, performs first-order difference calculation, and obtains the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil.

7. The outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main control unit's internal hardware timer uses a high-speed clock source to generate a time count value. When the time count value is within the time period included in the dynamic feature drop time window, the main control unit compares the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil with the feature drop judgment threshold for multiple consecutive calculation cycles. If the comparison result is continuously less than or equal to the feature drop determination threshold, the main control unit determines that the unlocking and tripping action has been completed and stops outputting the working drive pulse to the transistor module.

8. The outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The main control unit writes the expected feature drop time window end time into the comparison register of the hardware timer to establish a hard real-time response time boundary triggering mechanism; When the time count value completely matches the data in the comparison register and triggers a comparison match interrupt, if the trip status flag is not set to the success level, the main control unit determines that a physical jam has occurred, pulls the working drive pulse output to the transistor module low to the cutoff level, and updates the internal status flag of the system to the abnormal adaptive correction state.

9. The outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system according to claim 8, characterized in that, After the status flag is updated to the abnormal adaptive correction state and a set global dead time has elapsed, the main control unit outputs the abnormal reconstruction signal to the switch array. The switch array controls the first parallel control switch and the second parallel control switch inside to turn off, and controls the internal series control switch to turn on after the dead time of the switch tube, so as to reconstruct the energy storage capacitor bank into a series power supply topology. The main control unit resends the working drive pulse to the transistor module, calls the backup characteristic drop time window and backup drop judgment threshold in the pre-stored high-voltage strong excitation backup threshold set, and compares the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil under high-voltage pulse current injection.

10. A driving control method for an outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse, characterized in that, The outdoor self-locking high-voltage fuse drive control system according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: In non-fault standby mode, bipolar micropulse drive signals are sent according to a set cycle to obtain saturation conduction voltage drop, terminal voltage of drive coil and current; Based on the saturation on-state voltage drop, the terminal voltage, and the current, the junction temperature parameters and the equivalent resistance parameters of the drive coil are extracted; Based on the junction temperature parameter and the equivalent resistance parameter, a dynamic feature drop time window and a feature drop judgment threshold are generated by performing a solution mapping. When receiving an external high-voltage disconnection command, the dynamic characteristic drop time window and the characteristic drop judgment threshold are read, and a working drive pulse is output to cause the energy storage capacitor bank to release drive energy to the drive coil. The first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil is obtained by continuously sampling the current flowing through the drive coil during the discharge and performing first-order differential calculation. Within the dynamic characteristic drop time window, the first-order rate of change of the transient current of the drive coil is compared with the characteristic drop determination threshold in real time. When the time reaches the end of the dynamic feature drop time window and the comparison result does not meet the feature drop judgment threshold condition, the connection relationship of the capacitor units inside the energy storage capacitor group is reconstructed into a series power supply topology, and the working drive pulse is re-output to inject high voltage pulse electricity into the drive coil to complete the unlocking and tripping action.

Images