Solid-state hydrogen storage long-time energy storage device based on new energy wind power and electricity abandonment

Abstract

The application provides a solid-state hydrogen storage long-time energy storage device based on new energy curtailment, comprising: an electric energy collection unit, an input end of which is used for connecting a new energy power generation side; a water electrolysis hydrogen production module, a power supply end of which is connected with an output end of the electric energy collection unit; a solid-state hydrogen storage module, which uses a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage alloy as a hydrogen storage medium, and a hydrogen charging interface of which is used for receiving hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production module; a fuel cell power generation module, an input end of which is connected with a hydrogen discharging interface of the solid-state hydrogen storage module; and an electric energy scheduling control unit, which is used for coordinating and controlling hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and power generation processes according to curtailed wind power and curtailed power grid demand. The solid-state hydrogen storage long-time energy storage device based on new energy curtailment can overcome inherent bottlenecks of traditional high-pressure gaseous or low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage in safety, energy consumption and economy, realize long-time energy storage, and perfectly meet the peak regulation demand of the power grid across days or weeks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of new energy storage technology, and more specifically, to a solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity. Background Technology

[0002] As the installed capacity of new energy power generation such as wind power and photovoltaics continues to expand, the intermittent and fluctuating characteristics of new energy power generation have led to increasing pressure on grid connection for absorption. Wind curtailment and power abandonment have become one of the core issues restricting the improvement of new energy utilization rates. To mitigate the fluctuations in new energy and enhance absorption capacity, energy storage technology has become crucial.

[0003] Currently, large-scale energy storage technologies are mainly divided into two categories: electrochemical energy storage and hydrogen energy storage. While electrochemical energy storage (represented by lithium-ion batteries) offers rapid response, its storage time is typically limited to 2-4 hours, making it difficult to meet long-term peak-shaving demands across days and weeks. Furthermore, it suffers from limited cycle life and thermal runaway safety risks. Hydrogen energy storage, through a process of "hydrogen production via water electrolysis - hydrogen storage - fuel cell power generation," achieves energy conversion and long-term storage, and is considered a powerful solution for long-term energy storage. However, its large-scale application is limited by the high cost and safety hazards of hydrogen storage. Current mainstream high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage (35-70 MPa) carries the risk of leakage and explosion; low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage (-253°C) has extremely high energy consumption and complex operation and maintenance. Both of these methods constrain the economics and safety of hydrogen energy storage, limiting its large-scale promotion and application.

[0004] In summary, the existing technology mainly suffers from the following core defects: 1. Inability to efficiently absorb curtailed power: There is a lack of effective means to utilize fluctuating wind and power curtailment on a large scale and economically.

[0005] 2. Lack of safe and economical long-term energy storage media: Existing energy storage technologies are either insufficient in duration or hydrogen storage methods involve high costs and risks due to high pressure / deep cryogenic conditions, which cannot meet the needs of grid-level long-term (e.g., more than 100 hours) safe energy storage. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides at least one solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from new energy sources. It can overcome the inherent bottlenecks of traditional high-pressure gaseous or low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage in terms of safety, energy consumption, and economy, and achieve long-term energy storage, perfectly meeting the peak-shaving needs of the power grid across days and weeks.

[0007] This application provides a solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from renewable energy sources, including: The power acquisition unit has its input end connected to the new energy power generation side to obtain the curtailed wind and electricity. An electrolysis water hydrogen production module, whose power supply terminal is connected to the output terminal of the power acquisition unit, is used to produce hydrogen using the abandoned wind and electricity. The solid hydrogen storage module uses a magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage alloy as the hydrogen storage medium. Its hydrogen filling interface is used to receive hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production module and store it in the form of solid metal hydride. Its hydrogen discharging interface is used to output hydrogen. A fuel cell power generation module, the input end of which is connected to the hydrogen release interface of the solid hydrogen storage module, is used to convert hydrogen into electrical energy. The power dispatch control unit is connected to the power acquisition unit, the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, the solid hydrogen storage module, and the fuel cell power generation module. It is used to coordinate and control the hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and power generation processes according to the power curtailment and grid demand.

[0008] In one optional embodiment, the hydrogen storage module has a hydrogen charging pressure of 1~3MPa, a hydrogen discharging temperature of 200~350℃, and a hydrogen storage density of ≥5.5wt%.

[0009] In one optional embodiment, the water electrolysis hydrogen production module is a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer or an alkaline electrolyzer; and / or, the fuel cell power generation module is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell or a solid oxide fuel cell.

[0010] In one optional implementation, the power dispatch control unit is configured to execute the following control logic: When the power curtailment exceeds the first preset threshold, the electrolysis water hydrogen production module is controlled to start hydrogen production and the hydrogen is stored in the solid hydrogen storage module. When the power demand of the power grid exceeds the second preset threshold, the solid hydrogen storage module is controlled to release hydrogen and the fuel cell power generation module is started to generate electricity.

[0011] In one optional embodiment, a hydrogen purity detection unit is further included, the input of which is connected to the hydrogen output of the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, and the output is connected to the hydrogen charging interface of the solid hydrogen storage module, for detecting and screening the purity of the prepared hydrogen.

[0012] In one optional embodiment, the purity screening criteria for the hydrogen purity detection unit are: hydrogen purity ≥ 99.97%, oxygen content ≤ 5 ppm, and dew point ≤ -40℃.

[0013] In one optional embodiment, a waste heat recovery unit is further included, which is connected to the heat dissipation end of the water electrolysis hydrogen production module and the fuel cell power generation module, respectively, for recovering waste heat generated during hydrogen production and power generation.

[0014] In one optional embodiment, the waste heat recovery unit is also connected to the heating end of the solid hydrogen storage module, and the recovered waste heat is used for the hydrogen release heating process of the solid hydrogen storage module.

[0015] In one optional embodiment, a substation grid connection unit is further included, the input of which is connected to the power output of the fuel cell power generation module, for processing the power output of the fuel cell power generation module and connecting it to the power grid.

[0016] In one optional embodiment, the energy storage duration of the device is ≥100 hours, the overall energy conversion efficiency is ≥45%, and the renewable energy curtailment rate is ≥95%.

[0017] The above-mentioned technical solution of this application has the following beneficial technical effects: This application's embodiment of a solid-state hydrogen long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from renewable energy sources integrates an energy harvesting unit, a water electrolysis hydrogen production module, a solid-state hydrogen storage module using a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage alloy, a fuel cell power generation module, and an energy dispatch control unit into a collaborative system. This system effectively captures and utilizes curtailed wind and electricity, converting previously wasted clean energy into hydrogen and storing it safely and at high density in a solid state. Leveraging the high hydrogen storage density of magnesium-based alloys at lower operating pressures, this system overcomes the inherent bottlenecks in safety, energy consumption, and economy of traditional high-pressure gaseous or cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, achieving long-term energy storage and perfectly meeting the grid's peak-shaving needs across days and weeks.

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. These drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. They illustrate embodiments conforming to this application and, together with the specification, serve to explain the technical solutions of this application. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be considered as limiting the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from new energy sources, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage process of a solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from new energy sources, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the power generation process of a solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from new energy sources, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 A control logic block diagram of the power dispatch control unit provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application.

[0022] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0024] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] refer to Figures 1 to 4 This application provides a solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from new energy sources, including an energy acquisition unit, an electrolysis water hydrogen production module, a solid-state hydrogen storage module, a fuel cell power generation module, and an energy dispatch control unit.

[0027] The power acquisition unit connects to the renewable energy generation side at its input end to capture curtailed wind and solar power. For example, the power acquisition unit is a power electronic interface device that can capture and acquire curtailed wind and solar power from the grid connection point or collection station of renewable energy generation sources such as wind and solar power plants, which is subject to mandatory restrictions or active abandonment due to grid inability to absorb it. The power acquisition unit may have voltage regulation and overcurrent protection functions to adapt to the input voltage requirements of the water electrolysis hydrogen production module.

[0028] The water electrolysis hydrogen production module has its power supply end connected to the output end of the power acquisition unit, and is used to produce hydrogen using the curtailed wind and electricity. For example, the water electrolysis hydrogen production module can use a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer or an alkaline electrolyzer, using the curtailed wind and electricity input from the power acquisition unit to electrolyze pure water to produce hydrogen. The operating voltage is adapted to the fluctuation range of new energy power generation, and the hydrogen production scale can be dynamically adjusted according to the curtailed power.

[0029] The solid-state hydrogen storage module uses a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage alloy as the hydrogen storage medium. Its hydrogen filling port receives hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production module and stores it in the form of a solid metal hydride. Its hydrogen discharging port outputs hydrogen. The magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage alloy can safely store hydrogen at room temperature and pressure, with no limitation on the storage period. During hydrogen filling, the magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage alloy reacts with the absorbed hydrogen to form a metal hydride for storage. During hydrogen discharging, the metal hydride is heated to decompose and release hydrogen.

[0030] The fuel cell power generation module has its input end connected to the hydrogen discharge port of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and is used to convert hydrogen into electrical energy. For example, the fuel cell power generation module can be a proton exchange membrane fuel cell or a solid oxide fuel cell, which converts the hydrogen output from the solid-state hydrogen storage module into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction with oxygen in the air. The power generation capacity can be dynamically adjusted according to the grid demand.

[0031] The power dispatch control unit is signal-connected to the power acquisition unit, the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and the fuel cell power generation module. It coordinates and controls the hydrogen production, storage, and power generation processes based on the amount of wind and electricity curtailed and the grid demand. For example, the power dispatch control unit pre-stores control strategies and can acquire real-time data on renewable energy curtailment, grid load, and hydrogen storage capacity of the solid-state hydrogen storage module. Based on this data, it controls each module to perform hydrogen storage and power generation.

[0032] The aforementioned solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from renewable energy sources utilizes a core architecture that efficiently converts curtailed wind and electricity into hydrogen, and then uses a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage alloy to achieve high-density, high-safety hydrogen storage under relatively low-pressure conditions. The hydrogen is then fed back to the grid via fuel cell power generation, forming a complete and controllable "electricity-hydrogen-electricity" long-term energy conversion and storage closed loop. This solution directly addresses two core challenges: efficiently absorbing fluctuating renewable energy curtailment and providing a safe and economical long-term energy storage medium.

[0033] It should be noted that by adopting magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage technology, hydrogen can be safely stored at room temperature and pressure. The hydrogen storage density is more than twice that of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage. There is no risk of high-pressure leakage or low-temperature evaporation. The operation and maintenance cost of hydrogen storage is reduced by more than 40%. It can achieve long-term energy storage across days, weeks, and even quarters, with a storage time of more than 100 hours, which is fully compatible with the long-term peak shaving of the power grid and the demand for adjustment of new energy output.

[0034] Optionally, the hydrogen charging pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is 1~3MPa, the hydrogen discharging temperature is 200~350℃, and the hydrogen storage density is ≥5.5wt%. In the above scheme, by further defining the key operating parameters (low pressure, medium temperature, high density) of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, the inherent safety advantages of this long-term energy storage device compared with high-pressure or low-temperature hydrogen storage technologies are clarified, making the technical solution more feasible and superior.

[0035] Optionally, the power dispatch control unit is configured to execute the following control logic: when the curtailed wind and electricity power exceeds a first preset threshold, the unit controls the water electrolysis hydrogen production module to start hydrogen production and stores the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage module; when the grid demand power exceeds a second preset threshold, the unit controls the solid-state hydrogen storage module to release hydrogen and start the fuel cell power generation module to generate electricity. In the above scheme, by defining the power dispatch control unit based on dual-threshold intelligent control logic of curtailed power and grid load demand, the automation and optimization of the device operation mode are realized, ensuring that hydrogen production and energy storage are maximized during curtailment and that power generation is timely to support the grid when needed, thereby improving the system's intelligent coordination level and overall economic benefits.

[0036] Optionally, a hydrogen purity detection unit is also included. Its input is connected to the hydrogen output of the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, and its output is connected to the hydrogen charging interface of the solid-state hydrogen storage module. This unit is used to detect and screen the purity of the produced hydrogen. For example, when the hydrogen purity reaches a set value and the impurity content meets the storage requirements of the solid-state hydrogen storage alloy, the hydrogen is output to the solid-state hydrogen storage module; otherwise, a venting or purification process is triggered. In the above scheme, by adding a hydrogen purity detection unit, quality control can be performed before the hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage module, preventing impurities from damaging the sensitive magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy. This ensures the long-term operational stability and safety of the hydrogen storage system and extends the lifespan of core components.

[0037] Optionally, the purity screening criteria for the hydrogen purity detection unit are: hydrogen purity ≥ 99.97%, oxygen content ≤ 5 ppm, and dew point ≤ -40℃. In the above scheme, the hydrogen purity detection criteria are specifically quantified, ensuring that only high-purity hydrogen can enter the solid-state hydrogen storage module, preventing impurities from damaging the hydrogen storage alloy, and ensuring the reliability of the hydrogen storage process.

[0038] Optionally, a waste heat recovery unit is also included. This unit is connected to the heat dissipation ends of both the water electrolysis hydrogen production module and the fuel cell power generation module, and is used to recover waste heat generated during hydrogen production and power generation. For example, the waste heat recovery unit includes a first heat exchanger integrated into both the water electrolysis hydrogen production module and the fuel cell power generation module. When water passes through the cold side of the first heat exchanger, it can absorb the heat generated during hydrogen production or power generation, thus recovering waste heat. This recovers waste heat of 40-80°C generated during water electrolysis hydrogen production and waste heat of 60-200°C generated during fuel cell power generation. In the above scheme, by adding a waste heat recovery unit to collect the waste heat generated during electrolysis and power generation, the overall energy utilization efficiency can be improved.

[0039] Optionally, the waste heat recovery unit is also connected to the heating end of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, using the recovered waste heat for the hydrogen release heating process of the solid-state hydrogen storage module. For example, the waste heat recovery unit includes a second heat exchanger integrated into the solid-state hydrogen storage module. When hot water passes through the hot side of the second heat exchanger, it can release the absorbed heat to heat the metal hydride, causing it to decompose and release hydrogen. In the above scheme, the recovered waste heat is further specified to be used to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module to release hydrogen. This design realizes the closed-loop utilization of energy within the system, using waste heat to solve the external heat source requirement necessary for hydrogen release from solid-state hydrogen storage, significantly reducing the system's additional energy consumption and improving the system's energy efficiency and economy. This design enables the overall energy conversion efficiency of the system to be no less than 45%, which is more than 10% higher than the efficiency of traditional hydrogen energy storage systems.

[0040] Optionally, the device further comprises a substation grid-connection unit, an input terminal of which is connected to the electric energy output terminal of the fuel cell power generation module, and which is configured to process the electric energy output by the fuel cell power generation module and connect the electric energy to a power grid. For example, the substation grid-connection unit has functions of electric energy inversion, voltage stabilization, frequency regulation, voltage regulation and harmonic governance, and can adjust the electric energy output by the fuel cell to meet the grid-connection standard of the power grid and then connect the adjusted electric energy to a public power grid. In the above solution, by adding the substation grid-connection unit, the device can be connected to the public power grid safely and reliably as a standard and stable power source point, and the engineering practicability and grid compatibility of the device are improved.

[0041] Optionally, the energy storage duration of the device is ≥100 hours, the overall energy conversion efficiency is ≥45%, and the accommodation rate of curtailed wind and curtailed electricity from new energy is ≥95%. In the above solution, the long-duration energy storage device is defined from the perspective of overall performance indicators, which clarifies that the device can achieve an ultra-long energy storage duration of more than 100 hours, a system overall energy conversion efficiency of not less than 45%, and a curtailed electricity accommodation rate of not less than 95%, which can greatly reduce the waste of new energy electric power and effectively reduce the grid-connection pressure of new energy power generation.

[0042] The solid-state hydrogen storage long-duration energy storage device based on curtailed wind and curtailed electricity from new energy in the embodiment of the present application integrates an electric energy acquisition unit, a water electrolysis hydrogen production module, a solid-state hydrogen storage module adopting magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage alloy, a fuel cell power generation module and an electric energy scheduling control unit into a cooperative system, which can effectively capture and utilize curtailed wind and curtailed electricity, convert the originally wasted clean electric power into hydrogen and store the hydrogen in a solid-state form safely and with high density. The system utilizes the characteristic of high hydrogen storage density of the magnesium-based alloy under low working pressure, overcomes the inherent bottlenecks of traditional high-pressure gaseous or low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage in terms of safety, energy consumption and economy, realizes long-duration energy storage, and perfectly meets the peak shaving requirements of power grids across days and weeks.

[0043] Example 1: A 10MW / 1000MWh energy storage device supporting a new energy base This embodiment is applied to a wind and solar new energy base with an installed capacity of 100MW, the local curtailed wind and curtailed electricity rate is about 15%, and a 10MW / 1000MWh long-duration energy storage device is constructed as a supporting facility. The specific structure and operation process are as follows: 1. Hardware configuration: (1) Electric energy acquisition unit: the rated access power is 10MW, the input voltage is adapted to the 35kV AC output at the new energy power generation side, an overvoltage and overcurrent protection device is configured, and the output is 0~800V direct current supplied to the water electrolysis hydrogen production module; (2) Water electrolysis hydrogen production module: a 10MW alkaline electrolyzer is adopted, which electrolyzes pure water to produce hydrogen, with a rated hydrogen production of 2000Nm 3 / h, and the purity of the prepared hydrogen is ≥99.98%; (3) Hydrogen purity detection unit: equipped with hydrogen purity analyzer, trace oxygen analyzer and dew point meter. The detection threshold is set as follows: purity ≥ 99.97%, oxygen content ≤ 5ppm, dew point ≤ -40℃. If the requirements are met, the solid hydrogen storage module is connected; if not, the venting is triggered. (4) Solid hydrogen storage module: It adopts magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy, with a total hydrogen storage capacity of 100t, working hydrogen charging pressure of 2MPa, hydrogen release heating temperature of 300℃, hydrogen storage density of 5.8wt%, and can support fuel cell full power generation for more than 100 hours under full storage conditions. (5) Fuel cell power generation module: adopts a 10MW proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with a rated power generation efficiency of 50% and a hydrogen utilization rate of ≥95%; (6) Waste heat recovery unit: Equipped with a heat transfer oil heat exchange system to recover the 60°C waste heat generated by the electrolyzer and the 80°C waste heat generated by the fuel cell. 70% of the waste heat is used to heat the solid hydrogen storage module to release hydrogen, and the remaining 30% of the waste heat is used for heating the office area of ​​the new energy base and hot water for production. (7) Substation grid connection unit: rated capacity 10MW, which converts the DC power output from the fuel cell into 35kV AC power, and is equipped with frequency regulation and voltage regulation devices to meet the grid connection standards; (8) Power dispatch control unit: connected to the power output prediction system of the new energy base and the power grid load dispatch system, and collects data on abandoned power, power grid load and hydrogen storage in real time.

[0044] 2. Operation process: (1) Hydrogen storage stage: When the output of the new energy base is greater than the grid absorption capacity and the curtailed power is ≥1MW, the power dispatch control unit controls the power acquisition unit to connect to the curtailed power and starts the water electrolysis hydrogen production module. After the hydrogen produced is qualified by purity testing, it is charged into the solid hydrogen storage module. When the curtailed power fluctuates, the working power of the electrolyzer is dynamically adjusted to maximize the absorption of curtailed power. When the solid hydrogen storage module is full, the hydrogen production process is stopped. In this embodiment, the annual wind curtailment power is about 12 million kWh, and the absorption rate is 96%. (2) Power generation stage: When the power grid is in the evening peak load stage, or when the output of the new energy base is less than 30% of the predicted value, the power dispatch control unit controls the solid hydrogen storage module to heat and release hydrogen, and the hydrogen is input into the fuel cell power generation module to generate electricity. The power is connected to the power grid through the substation grid connection unit. The power generation power is dynamically adjusted according to the power grid load demand (adjustment range 1MW~10MW). Under full storage conditions, it can continuously generate power at full power for 100 hours, which fully meets the cross-day peak shaving demand. The overall energy conversion efficiency of this embodiment is 47%, and the operation and maintenance cost of the hydrogen storage segment is reduced by 45% compared with a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage system of the same scale. The entire energy storage process consumes only water and curtailed wind and electricity, and the only emission is pure water. The carbon emissions over the entire life cycle are reduced by about 60% compared with lithium battery energy storage, which meets the requirements of clean energy development and can be widely used in scenarios such as supporting energy storage in new energy bases, long-term peak shaving on the grid side, independent power supply in remote areas, and peak-valley arbitrage for industrial and commercial users.

[0045] One or more embodiments in this specification are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments in this specification should be included within the protection scope of this application.

[0046] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from renewable energy sources, characterized in that, include: The power acquisition unit has its input end connected to the new energy power generation side to obtain the curtailed wind and electricity. An electrolysis water hydrogen production module, whose power supply terminal is connected to the output terminal of the power acquisition unit, is used to produce hydrogen using the abandoned wind and electricity. The solid hydrogen storage module uses a magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage alloy as the hydrogen storage medium. Its hydrogen filling interface is used to receive hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production module and store it in the form of solid metal hydride. Its hydrogen discharging interface is used to output hydrogen. A fuel cell power generation module, the input end of which is connected to the hydrogen release interface of the solid hydrogen storage module, is used to convert hydrogen into electrical energy. The power dispatch control unit is connected to the power acquisition unit, the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, the solid hydrogen storage module, and the fuel cell power generation module. It is used to coordinate and control the hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and power generation processes according to the power curtailment and grid demand.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from new energy sources as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The solid-state hydrogen storage module has a hydrogen charging pressure of 1~3MPa, a hydrogen discharging temperature of 200~350℃, and a hydrogen storage density of ≥5.5wt%.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of new energy sources such as wind and electricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water electrolysis hydrogen production module is a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer or an alkaline electrolyzer; and / or, the fuel cell power generation module is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell or a solid oxide fuel cell.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of new energy sources such as wind and electricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power dispatch control unit is configured to execute the following control logic: When the power curtailment exceeds the first preset threshold, the electrolysis water hydrogen production module is controlled to start hydrogen production and the hydrogen is stored in the solid hydrogen storage module. When the power demand of the power grid exceeds the second preset threshold, the solid hydrogen storage module is controlled to release hydrogen and the fuel cell power generation module is started to generate electricity.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of new energy sources such as wind and electricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a hydrogen purity detection unit, whose input end is connected to the hydrogen output end of the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, and whose output end is connected to the hydrogen charging interface of the solid hydrogen storage module, for detecting and screening the purity of the prepared hydrogen.

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of new energy sources such as wind and electricity as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The purity screening criteria for the hydrogen purity detection unit are: hydrogen purity ≥ 99.97%, oxygen content ≤ 5 ppm, and dew point ≤ -40℃.

7. The solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from new energy sources as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a waste heat recovery unit, which is connected to the heat dissipation end of the water electrolysis hydrogen production module and the fuel cell power generation module, respectively, and is used to recover the waste heat generated during the hydrogen production and power generation process.

8. The solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from new energy sources as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery unit is also connected to the heating end of the solid hydrogen storage module, and the recovered waste heat is used for the hydrogen release heating process of the solid hydrogen storage module.

9. The solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of new energy sources such as wind and electricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a substation grid connection unit, whose input end is connected to the power output end of the fuel cell power generation module, for processing the power output of the fuel cell power generation module and connecting it to the power grid.

10. The solid-state hydrogen storage long-term energy storage device based on the curtailment of wind and electricity from new energy sources as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The device has an energy storage duration of ≥100 hours, an overall energy conversion efficiency of ≥45%, and a renewable energy curtailment rate of ≥95%.

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