Battery pack automatic charge and discharge system, method, device, program product, and medium

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a battery pack automatic charging and discharging system, method, device, program product and medium. The system comprises: a power consuming device and a charger; the battery pack of the power consuming device is used to form a closed loop in series with the charger; the charger is used to determine current working mode information, wherein the working mode information is used to instruct the charger to charge or discharge; and the battery pack is charged or discharged through the closed loop according to the working mode information. In this way, one high-voltage loop can realize automatic charging and discharging of the battery pack, the overall cost of the system is reduced, the complexity of the control system is significantly reduced since multiple independent high-voltage loops are no longer needed, the control logic is simplified, the demand for high-performance processors and complex software algorithms is reduced, the risk of system failure is reduced, and the reliability of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery charging and discharging technology, and in particular to an automatic charging and discharging system, method, device, program product and medium for battery packs. Background Technology

[0002] Vehicle batteries, especially lithium-ion batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles, typically require periodic discharge and charge cycles. These regular full discharge and charge cycles help the Battery Management System (BMS) accurately estimate the battery's remaining capacity and state of health. Through calibration, the BMS can more accurately display battery status, such as remaining charge and driving range, and also helps balance multiple battery cells within the battery pack, ensuring consistent voltage and capacity, thereby extending the overall battery life.

[0003] Currently, in vehicle battery packs, the discharge circuit and charging circuit are two independent high-voltage circuits during charging and discharging, increasing the overall system cost. Furthermore, to ensure a safe and efficient charging and discharging process, the control system needs to manage the operation of multiple circuits, resulting in high complexity of the control logic. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an automatic charging and discharging system, method, apparatus, program product, and medium for battery packs, which reduces the overall cost of the system and the complexity of the control logic.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an automatic charging and discharging system for a battery pack, including an electrical device and a charger:

[0006] The battery pack of the electrical equipment is suitable for being connected in series with the charger to form a closed circuit;

[0007] The charger is used to determine the current operating mode information, wherein the operating mode information is used to instruct the charger to charge or discharge; and according to the operating mode information, the battery pack is charged or discharged through the closed loop.

[0008] Optionally, the electrical device further includes a battery control module, which is used for:

[0009] Output working mode information.

[0010] Optionally, the battery control module is further configured to:

[0011] The charger is connected in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop.

[0012] Optionally, the operating mode information includes: operating mode and target current value, wherein the operating mode is used to indicate charging or discharging of the charger, and the target current value is used to indicate the charging current value or the discharging current value.

[0013] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to form a closed loop in series, it is specifically used for:

[0014] After receiving the first discharge command sent by the ground control module, the charger is controlled to be connected in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop.

[0015] Optionally, the system further includes: a charging device, the charging device further includes: a ground control module, and the electrical equipment further includes: an equipment control module;

[0016] The ground control module is used to send a first discharge command to the equipment control module;

[0017] The device control module is used to receive the first discharge command and send the first discharge command to the battery control module;

[0018] Accordingly, when the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to form a closed loop in series, it is specifically used for:

[0019] Upon receiving the first discharge command, the charger is controlled to connect in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop.

[0020] Optionally, after receiving the first discharge command sent by the ground control module, when the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to form a closed loop in series, it is specifically used for:

[0021] After receiving the first discharge command sent by the ground control module, the charger is connected in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop;

[0022] After the battery pack has finished discharging, the charger is controlled to first disconnect from the battery pack and then reconnect to form a closed loop.

[0023] Optionally, the battery control module is further configured to:

[0024] After the battery pack is fully charged, the charger is disconnected from the battery pack.

[0025] Optionally, the battery pack includes multiple batteries, and the battery control module is further configured to:

[0026] When the current charge percentage is equal to 0 or the voltage across any battery is not greater than a first preset voltage, the battery pack is determined to have finished discharging. The charge percentage is used to indicate the ratio of the current charge to the maximum charge of the battery pack.

[0027] Optionally, the battery pack includes multiple batteries, and the battery control module is further configured to:

[0028] The battery pack is determined to be fully charged when the current charge percentage is 100% or the voltage across any battery is greater than a second preset voltage. The charge percentage indicates the ratio of the current charge to the maximum charge of the battery pack.

[0029] Optionally, the battery control module is further configured to:

[0030] The charging current value is determined based on the maximum allowable charging power of the battery pack and the current total voltage of the battery pack.

[0031] Optionally, the charging current value is equal to the quotient of the maximum allowable charging power and the current total voltage.

[0032] Optionally, the battery control module is further configured to:

[0033] The discharge current value is determined based on the current charge percentage of the battery pack, wherein the charge percentage indicates the ratio of the current charge to the maximum charge of the battery pack.

[0034] Optionally, when determining the discharge current value based on the current charge percentage of the battery pack, the battery control module is specifically used for:

[0035] The discharge current value is determined based on the current charge percentage of the battery pack, the maximum allowable discharge power of the battery pack, the current total voltage of the battery pack, and the peak power of the third load, wherein the third load is the load that is turned on during automatic charging and discharging.

[0036] Optionally, when the current power ratio is not less than the first preset ratio, the discharge current value is equal to the quotient of the first difference and the current total voltage, and the first difference is equal to the difference between the maximum allowable discharge power and the peak power.

[0037] When the current power ratio is less than a first preset ratio and not less than a second preset ratio, the discharge current value is equal to the smaller of a second difference and a first preset current value, wherein the second difference is equal to the first difference multiplied by a first preset value; the first preset value is greater than 0 and less than 1.

[0038] When the current power ratio is less than a second preset ratio and not less than a third preset ratio, the discharge current value is equal to the smaller of the third difference and the second preset current value, wherein the third difference is equal to the first difference multiplied by the second preset value; the second preset value is not greater than the first preset value and the second preset value is less than the first preset value;

[0039] When the current power ratio is less than the third preset ratio, the discharge current value is equal to the smaller of the fourth difference and the third preset current value, wherein the fourth difference is equal to the first difference multiplied by the third preset value; the third preset value is not greater than the second preset value, and the third preset value is less than the second preset value.

[0040] Optionally, the first preset ratio is 40%, the second preset ratio is 20%, and the third preset ratio is 10%.

[0041] Optionally, the range of the first preset current value is 80A to 100A; the range of the first preset value is 70% to 90%; the range of the second preset current value is 50A to 60A; the range of the second preset value is 70% to 80%; the third preset current value is 20A; and the third preset value is 60%.

[0042] Optionally, the battery control module is further configured to:

[0043] After the battery pack is fully charged, calculate the capacity retention rate of the battery pack.

[0044] Optionally, when calculating the capacity retention rate of the battery pack, the battery control module is specifically used for:

[0045] Calculate the charging capacity based on the charging current value at each moment during the charging process;

[0046] Divide the current charging capacity by the nominal capacity of the battery pack to obtain the battery's capacity retention rate.

[0047] Optionally, when the battery control module calculates the charging capacity based on the charging current values ​​at various times during the charging process, it is specifically used for:

[0048] The charging capacity is calculated by integrating the charging current values ​​at each moment during the charging process.

[0049] Optionally, when calculating the capacity retention rate of the battery pack, the battery control module is specifically used for:

[0050] If the battery pack's charge percentage is less than a preset threshold when charging begins, the battery pack's capacity retention rate is calculated.

[0051] Optionally, the preset threshold is 5%.

[0052] Optionally, the electrical equipment further includes: an equipment control module, the equipment control module being used for:

[0053] After receiving the discharge completion command from the battery control module, a charging command is sent to the battery control module.

[0054] Accordingly, when the battery control module controls the charger to disconnect from the battery pack and then reconnect them to form a closed loop after the battery pack has finished discharging, it is specifically used for:

[0055] After the battery pack has finished discharging, the charger is disconnected from the battery pack and a discharge completion command is sent to the device control module.

[0056] Upon receiving the charging command, the charger is controlled to reconnect with the battery pack to form a closed loop.

[0057] Optionally, the electrical equipment may further include: an equipment control module;

[0058] The battery control module is also used for:

[0059] After the battery pack is fully charged, a charging completion command is sent to the device control module.

[0060] The device control module is used to send the charging completion command to the ground control module.

[0061] Optionally, the electrical equipment may further include: an equipment control module;

[0062] The battery control module is also used for:

[0063] After calculating the capacity retention rate of the battery pack, the capacity retention rate is sent to the device control module.

[0064] Optionally, the system further includes: a charging device, the charging device further includes: a ground communication module, and the power-consuming equipment further includes: a power-consuming equipment communication module;

[0065] When the battery control module outputs operating mode information, it is specifically used for:

[0066] The operating mode information is sent to the electrical equipment communication module;

[0067] The electrical equipment communication module is used to send operating mode information to the ground communication module;

[0068] The ground communication module is used to send the operating mode information to the charger.

[0069] Optionally, the electrical equipment further includes: an equipment control module and an electrical equipment communication module.

[0070] The device control module is also used for:

[0071] Upon receiving the first discharge command, the device communication module is activated to enable communication between the device communication module and the ground communication module.

[0072] Optionally, the system further includes a charging device, which in turn includes a ground control module; the ground control module is used to control the charger to electrically connect with the battery pack after the electrical equipment arrives at a preset location.

[0073] Optionally, when the ground control module sends the first discharge command to the equipment control module, it is specifically used for:

[0074] After the electrical equipment reaches the preset position, a first discharge command is sent to the equipment control module.

[0075] Optionally, the charging device further includes: an electrical equipment monitoring module.

[0076] The electrical equipment monitoring module is used to send a second discharge command to the ground control module after the electrical equipment reaches the preset position;

[0077] Accordingly, when the ground control module controls the charger to electrically connect with the battery pack after the electrical equipment reaches the preset position, it is specifically used for:

[0078] Upon receiving the second discharge command, the charger is controlled to be electrically connected to the battery pack.

[0079] Optionally, the ground control module, when controlling the electrical connection between the charger and the battery pack, is specifically used for:

[0080] The charger is electrically connected to the battery pack by controlling the lowering of the charging bow through the bow controller.

[0081] Optionally, the electrical equipment further includes an electrical equipment communication module, and the charging equipment further includes a ground communication module;

[0082] The ground control module is also used for:

[0083] Upon receiving the second discharge command, the identification information of the electrical equipment is obtained and the identification information is sent to the ground communication module;

[0084] The ground communication module is used to receive the identification information and, when the power equipment communication module is turned on, establish a communication connection with the power equipment communication module based on the identification information.

[0085] Optionally, the electrical equipment may further include a radio frequency module;

[0086] The radio frequency module is used to identify the radio frequency tag of the electrical equipment, obtain the identification information of the electrical equipment, and send the identification information to the ground control module when it receives the acquisition command sent by the ground control module.

[0087] Accordingly, when the ground control module acquires the identification information of the electrical equipment, it is specifically used for:

[0088] Send an acquisition command to the radio frequency module;

[0089] Obtain the identification information sent by the radio frequency module.

[0090] Optionally, the closed loop further includes a load module, which is connected in parallel with the charger.

[0091] Optionally, the load module includes: a first load, a second load, and a transformer, wherein the rated voltage of the first load is not less than the maximum voltage across the battery pack, and the rated voltage of the second load is less than the maximum voltage across the battery pack.

[0092] The transformer is connected in parallel with the first load;

[0093] The transformer is connected to the second load and is used to reduce the voltage across the battery pack and supply power to the second load with the reduced voltage.

[0094] Optionally, the electrical equipment further includes a battery control module, which is also used to control the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop;

[0095] When the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to form a closed loop in series, it is specifically used for:

[0096] The branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer is closed, so that the charger and the battery pack are connected in series to form a closed loop.

[0097] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the closure of the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer, it is specifically used for:

[0098] The branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer is closed sequentially.

[0099] Optionally, the closed loop further includes a first switch, which is disposed on the main line of the closed loop.

[0100] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the closure of the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer, it is specifically used for:

[0101] Control the first switch to close, so that the branch containing the first load, the charger and the transformer is closed.

[0102] Optionally, the closed loop further includes: a second switch, a third switch, and a fourth switch; the second switch is located in the branch where the first load is located; the third switch is located in the branch where the transformer is located; and the fourth switch is located in the branch where the charger is located.

[0103] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the closure of the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer, it is specifically used for:

[0104] Control the closing of three switches in the three branches to close the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer.

[0105] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the closing of three switches in the three branches, it is specifically used for:

[0106] The second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch are controlled to close sequentially.

[0107] Optionally, the closed loop further includes: a fixed resistor, a fifth switch, and a sixth switch, all of which are located in the branch where the transformer is located;

[0108] The fixed resistor is first connected in series with the fifth switch, and then connected in parallel with the sixth switch to form a first parallel circuit; the first parallel circuit is connected in series with the transformer.

[0109] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the closing of the branch containing the transformer, it is specifically used for:

[0110] The fifth switch is controlled to close, then the sixth switch is controlled to close, and then the fifth switch is controlled to open.

[0111] Optionally, the closed loop further includes a seventh switch and an eighth switch; both the seventh switch and the eighth switch are located in the branch where the charger is located.

[0112] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the branch containing the charger to close, it is specifically used for:

[0113] The seventh switch and the eighth switch are controlled to close sequentially.

[0114] Optionally, the closed loop further includes a ninth switch, which is disposed on the main line of the closed loop. The ninth switch is in an open state when the circuit is being repaired and in a closed state under other circumstances.

[0115] Optionally, the battery control module is further configured to:

[0116] The branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer is disconnected, thereby disconnecting the charger and the battery pack.

[0117] Optionally, when the battery control module disconnects the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer, it is specifically used for:

[0118] The branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer is disconnected in sequence.

[0119] Optionally, the order in which the three branches are disconnected is the reverse of the order in which they are closed.

[0120] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack, the method comprising:

[0121] Output working mode information, wherein the working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging of the charger, the charger being used to form a closed loop in series with the battery pack of the electrical device;

[0122] The operating mode information is used to control the charger to charge or discharge the battery pack through the closed loop.

[0123] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack, applied to a device control module, the method comprising:

[0124] Receive the first discharge command sent by the ground control module;

[0125] The first discharge command is sent to the battery control module so that the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger outputs working mode information and, according to the working mode information, charges or discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. The working mode information is used to indicate whether to charge or discharge the charger.

[0126] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack, applied to a ground control module, the method comprising:

[0127] After the electrical equipment reaches the preset position, the charger is controlled to connect electrically to the battery pack;

[0128] A first discharge command is sent to the device control module, so that the device control module sends the first discharge command to the battery control module, so that the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger outputs working mode information, and according to the working mode information, charges or discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. The working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging the charger.

[0129] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide an automatic charging and discharging device for a battery pack, the device comprising:

[0130] The output module is used to output working mode information, wherein the working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging of the charger, and the charger is used to connect in series with the battery pack of the electrical device to form a closed loop.

[0131] The operating mode information is used to control the charger to charge or discharge the battery pack through the closed loop.

[0132] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide an automatic charging and discharging device for a battery pack, applied to a device control module, the device comprising:

[0133] The receiving module is used to receive the first discharge command sent by the ground control module;

[0134] The sending module is used to send the first discharge command to the battery control module, so that the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger outputs working mode information and, according to the working mode information, charges or discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. The working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging the charger.

[0135] Seventhly, embodiments of this application provide an automatic charging and discharging device for a battery pack, applied to a ground control module, the device comprising:

[0136] The control module is used to control the charger to electrically connect with the battery pack after the electrical equipment reaches the preset position;

[0137] The sending module is used to send a first discharge command to the device control module, so that the device control module sends the first discharge command to the battery control module, so that the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger outputs working mode information, and according to the working mode information, charges or discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. The working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging the charger.

[0138] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a battery control module, including: a memory and a processor;

[0139] The memory stores computer-executed instructions;

[0140] The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, such that the processor, when executed, is used to implement the second aspect and / or various possible implementations of the second aspect as described above.

[0141] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a device control module, including: a memory and a processor;

[0142] The memory stores computer-executed instructions;

[0143] The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, such that the processor, when executed, is used to implement the third aspect and / or various possible implementations of the third aspect as described above.

[0144] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a ground control module, including: a memory and a processor;

[0145] The memory stores computer-executed instructions;

[0146] The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, such that the processor, when executed, is used to implement the fourth aspect and / or various possible implementations of the fourth aspect.

[0147] Eleventhly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, the electrical device comprising: a battery pack, and further comprising at least one of the following:

[0148] The battery control module described in the eighth aspect;

[0149] The equipment control module described in the ninth aspect.

[0150] In a twelfth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle, including: a battery pack, a load module, and at least one of the following:

[0151] The battery control module described in the eighth aspect;

[0152] The equipment control module described in the ninth aspect.

[0153] In a thirteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a charging device, the charging device comprising: a charger, and the ground control module described in the tenth aspect.

[0154] In a fourteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement any of the second, third, and fourth aspects above and / or various possible implementations of the second, third, and fourth aspects.

[0155] In a fifteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements any of the second, third, and fourth aspects and / or various possible implementations of the second, third, and fourth aspects.

[0156] The battery pack automatic charging and discharging system, method, apparatus, program product, and medium provided in this application embodiment include: a power-consuming device and a charger; the battery pack of the power-consuming device is connected in series with the charger to form a closed loop; the charger is used to determine the current operating mode information, wherein the operating mode information is used to instruct the charger to charge or discharge; according to the operating mode information, the battery pack is charged or discharged through the closed loop. In this way, the battery pack of the power-consuming device and the charger are connected in series to form a closed loop, and the charger can automatically adjust the charging or discharging operation according to the current operating mode information. Therefore, automatic charging and discharging of the battery pack can be realized with a single high-voltage circuit, which reduces the overall cost of the system. At the same time, since it is no longer necessary to manage multiple independent high-voltage circuits, the complexity of the control system is significantly reduced. The simplification of the control logic not only reduces the need for high-performance processors and complex software algorithms, but also reduces the risk of system failure and improves the reliability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0157] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0158] Figure 1 An application scenario diagram provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0159] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an automatic charging and discharging system for a battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0160] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an automatic charging and discharging system architecture for a battery pack is provided in this application embodiment;

[0161] Figure 4 A method provided for embodiments of this application and Figure 3 The flowchart of the automatic charging and discharging method of the battery pack corresponding to the system;

[0162] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an automatic charging and discharging principle for a battery pack is provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0163] Figure 6 A method provided for embodiments of this application and Figure 5 The schematic diagram corresponds to the flowchart of the automatic charging and discharging method for the battery pack;

[0164] Figure 7 A schematic flowchart of an automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0165] Figure 8 A schematic flowchart of another automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0166] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of an automatic charging and discharging device for a battery pack is provided in this application;

[0167] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of another automatic charging and discharging device for a battery pack provided in this application.

[0168] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0169] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0170] In modern electric and hybrid vehicles, lithium-ion batteries serve as the core energy storage unit, and their performance and lifespan directly impact the overall vehicle performance. To ensure optimal operation of lithium-ion batteries, regular discharge and charge cycles are typically required. These cycles not only help the Battery Management System (BMS) accurately estimate the battery's remaining capacity and state of health but also enable the BMS to more precisely display battery status information, such as remaining charge and driving range, through calibration processes. Furthermore, regular charge-discharge cycles help balance the voltage and capacity of individual battery cells within the battery pack, thereby extending the overall battery lifespan.

[0171] In existing technologies, vehicle battery packs typically employ independent high-voltage circuits to handle discharging and charging operations separately. While this design achieves functional separation, it also introduces several problems. First, independent charging and discharging circuits increase the overall system cost due to the need for additional hardware components such as switches, relays, and cables. Second, to ensure the safety and efficiency of the charging and discharging process, the control system must manage the operation of multiple circuits, significantly increasing the complexity of the control logic. This complex control logic not only demands higher-performance processors and more sophisticated software algorithms but may also increase the risk of system failure.

[0172] In view of this, this application provides an automatic charging and discharging system for a battery pack, including an electrical device and a charger; the battery pack of the electrical device is connected in series with the charger to form a closed loop; the charger is used to determine the current operating mode information, wherein the operating mode information is used to instruct the charger to charge or discharge; according to the operating mode information, the battery pack is charged or discharged through the closed loop. In this way, by connecting the battery pack of the electrical device and the charger in series to form a closed loop, and the charger being able to automatically adjust its charging or discharging operation according to the current operating mode information, automatic charging and discharging of the battery pack can be achieved with a single high-voltage circuit. This reduces the overall cost of the system, and since it eliminates the need to manage multiple independent high-voltage circuits, the complexity of the control system is significantly reduced. The simplification of the control logic not only reduces the need for high-performance processors and complex software algorithms but also reduces the risk of system failure and improves system reliability.

[0173] Figure 1 An application scenario diagram provided for an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1As shown, after the switch in the circuit is closed, the battery pack and the charger are connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger is used to determine the current operating mode information. When the operating mode indicates that the charger is charging the battery pack, the charger acts as the power source and the battery pack acts as the load. The charger charges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. When the operating mode information indicates that the charger is discharging the battery pack, the charger acts as the load and the battery pack acts as the power source. The charger discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series.

[0174] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0175] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an automatic charging and discharging system for a battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of this application, an automatic charging and discharging system for a battery pack is provided. The system includes: electrical equipment and a charger.

[0176] The battery pack of the electrical equipment is connected in series with the charger to form a closed loop;

[0177] The charger is used to determine the current operating mode information, wherein the operating mode information is used to instruct the charger to charge or discharge; and according to the operating mode information, the battery pack is charged or discharged through the closed loop.

[0178] The electrical equipment can be any device that needs to be charged and discharged. This application does not limit this. For example, it can be a vehicle, an energy storage system, a portable electronic device, etc.

[0179] A battery pack consists of one or more batteries.

[0180] The current operating mode information can be determined by the charger itself or by the user device. The user device sends the determined operating mode information to the charger; this application does not limit this. The charger can determine the current operating mode by periodically collecting or receiving the current battery level of the battery pack.

[0181] Specifically, after the switch in the circuit is closed, the battery pack and the charger are connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger is used to determine the current operating mode information. When the operating mode indicates that the charger should charge the battery pack, the charger acts as the power source and the battery pack acts as the load. The charger charges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. When the operating mode indicates that the charger should discharge the battery pack, the charger acts as the load and the battery pack acts as the power source. The charger discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series.

[0182] The automatic charging and discharging system for battery packs provided in this application includes: an electrical device and a charger; the battery pack of the electrical device is connected in series with the charger to form a closed loop; the charger is used to determine current operating mode information, wherein the operating mode information is used to instruct the charger to charge or discharge; according to the operating mode information, the battery pack is charged or discharged through the closed loop. Thus, by connecting the battery pack of the electrical device and the charger in series to form a closed loop, and by enabling the charger to automatically adjust its charging or discharging operation according to the current operating mode information, automatic charging and discharging of the battery pack can be achieved with a single high-voltage circuit. This reduces the overall cost of the system. Furthermore, since multiple independent high-voltage circuits no longer need to be managed, the complexity of the control system is significantly reduced. The simplification of the control logic not only reduces the need for high-performance processors and complex software algorithms but also reduces the risk of system failure and improves system reliability.

[0183] Optionally, the electrical device further includes a battery control module, which is used for:

[0184] Output working mode information.

[0185] For example, the battery control module can be a BMS (Battery Management System).

[0186] Specifically, the battery control module outputs operating mode information to the charger, which then charges or discharges the battery pack based on the obtained operating mode information.

[0187] Optionally, the battery control module is further configured to:

[0188] The charger is connected in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop.

[0189] Specifically, the battery control module is also used to control the charger and battery pack to be connected in series as a closed loop.

[0190] In this way, the battery control module will form a closed loop under safe and appropriate conditions, thereby reducing the risks of short circuits and overcurrents and improving the safety of the system.

[0191] Optionally, the operating mode information includes: operating mode and target current value, wherein the operating mode is used to indicate charging or discharging of the charger, and the target current value is used to indicate the charging current value or the discharging current value.

[0192] Specifically, the operating mode information includes the operating mode and the target current value. The operating mode can be divided into charging mode and discharging mode. The charging mode instructs the charger to charge the battery pack, and the discharging mode instructs the charger to discharge the battery pack. In charging mode, the target current value is the charging current value, and in discharging mode, the target current value is the discharging current value.

[0193] For example, the operating mode can be represented by "+" or "-", where "+" represents the discharge mode and "-" represents the charging mode. When the operating mode information is +2A, it means that the device is in discharge mode and the discharge current is 2A. When the operating mode information is -4A, it means that the device is in charging mode and the charging current is 4A.

[0194] In this way, by precisely controlling the charging and discharging current, the system can avoid damage to the battery caused by excessively high or low current, thereby extending the battery's lifespan.

[0195] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to form a closed loop in series, it is specifically used for:

[0196] After receiving the first discharge command sent by the ground control module, the charger is controlled to be connected in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop.

[0197] Specifically, after receiving the first discharge command sent by the ground control module, the battery control module controls the charger and battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop.

[0198] When switching between charging and discharging, the target current value in the operating mode information output by the battery control module is 0. The operating mode can be either charging mode or discharging mode, and this application does not limit it.

[0199] In this way, by operating only after receiving explicit instructions, the system can ensure that the discharge process is carried out under safe and controlled conditions, reducing the risk of misoperation.

[0200] Optionally, the system further includes: a charging device, the charging device further includes: a ground control module, and the electrical equipment further includes: an equipment control module;

[0201] The ground control module is used to send a first discharge command to the equipment control module;

[0202] The device control module is used to receive the first discharge command and send the first discharge command to the battery control module;

[0203] Accordingly, when the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to form a closed loop in series, it is specifically used for:

[0204] Upon receiving the first discharge command, the charger is controlled to connect in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop.

[0205] The equipment control module can be a CCU (Central Control Unit).

[0206] Specifically, the ground control module sends a first discharge command to the equipment control module. The equipment control module forwards the received first discharge command to the battery control module. After receiving the first discharge command, the battery control module controls the charger and battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop.

[0207] In this way, the equipment control module, as the control center of the electrical equipment, can receive the first discharge command from the ground control module and then forward it to the battery control module, which can further reduce the risk of misoperation and improve safety.

[0208] Optionally, after receiving the first discharge command sent by the ground control module, when the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to form a closed loop in series, it is specifically used for:

[0209] After receiving the first discharge command sent by the ground control module, the charger is connected in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop;

[0210] After the battery pack has finished discharging, the charger is first disconnected from the battery pack and then reconnected to form a closed loop. Specifically, after receiving the first discharge command from the ground control module, the battery control module controls the charger to be connected in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop; after the battery pack has finished discharging, the charger is first disconnected from the battery pack and then reconnected to form a closed loop.

[0211] Before the battery pack is fully discharged, the operating mode in the operating mode information output by the battery control module is always the discharge mode, and the target current value is the discharge current value, which is greater than zero. After the battery pack is fully discharged, the charger and the battery pack are first disconnected and then reconnected to form a closed loop. After that, the operating mode in the operating mode information output by the battery control module is always the charging mode, and the target current value is the charging current value, which is greater than zero.

[0212] In this way, the system can automatically manage the discharge cycle, including the start, end, and reconnection of the discharge process, reducing manual intervention and improving the system's operational efficiency. It automatically disconnects the battery pack after discharge to prevent the risk of over-discharge, protect the battery's health, and extend its lifespan. Optionally, the battery control module is also used for:

[0213] After the battery pack is fully charged, the charger is disconnected from the battery pack.

[0214] Specifically, the battery control module is also used to control the charger to disconnect from the battery pack after the battery pack has finished charging.

[0215] Overcharging can lead to battery overheating, swelling, or even explosion. By automatically disconnecting the battery after charging is complete, the system significantly reduces these safety risks and ensures operational safety.

[0216] Optionally, the battery pack includes multiple batteries, and the battery control module is further configured to:

[0217] When the current charge percentage is equal to 0 or the voltage across any battery is not greater than a first preset voltage, the battery pack is determined to have finished discharging. The charge percentage is used to indicate the ratio of the current charge to the maximum charge of the battery pack.

[0218] The energy percentage can be SOC (State of Charge).

[0219] Specifically, the battery control module is also used to determine that the battery pack has finished discharging when the current charge percentage is equal to 0 or the voltage across any battery is less than or equal to a first preset voltage.

[0220] In this way, by monitoring the battery percentage and the voltage of individual batteries, the system can more accurately determine the discharge state of the battery pack. When the battery percentage is equal to 0 or the voltage of any battery is not greater than a first preset voltage, the system determines that the discharge is complete, effectively preventing over-discharge, protecting the batteries from damage, and extending their service life. Optionally, the battery pack includes multiple batteries, and the battery control module is further used for:

[0221] The battery pack is determined to be fully charged when the current charge percentage is 100% or the voltage across any battery is greater than a second preset voltage. The charge percentage indicates the ratio of the current charge to the maximum charge of the battery pack.

[0222] Specifically, the battery control module determines that the battery pack is fully charged when the current charge percentage is 100% or the voltage across any battery is greater than the second preset voltage.

[0223] By setting two conditions (the battery percentage is 100% or the voltage across any battery is greater than a second preset voltage), the charging status of the battery pack can be determined more accurately. This dual-judgment mechanism can effectively avoid misjudgment caused by a single condition. When the voltage of any battery exceeds the preset voltage, the system will determine that charging is complete even if the overall battery percentage has not reached 100%, which helps to prevent overcharging, thereby protecting individual batteries in the battery pack and extending the overall lifespan of the battery pack.

[0224] Optionally, the battery control module is further configured to:

[0225] The charging current value is determined based on the maximum allowable charging power of the battery pack and the current total voltage of the battery pack.

[0226] In this way, by dynamically adjusting the charging current to match the maximum allowable charging power of the battery pack, the charging process can be ensured to take place at the optimal power level, thereby improving charging efficiency. Furthermore, limiting the charging current according to the maximum allowable charging power of the battery pack can prevent excessive current from damaging the battery.

[0227] Optionally, the charging current value is equal to the quotient of the maximum allowable charging power and the current total voltage.

[0228] The unit for the maximum allowable charging power is W (watts), the unit for the current total voltage is V (volts), and the unit for the charging current is A (amperes).

[0229] Optionally, the battery control module is further configured to:

[0230] The discharge current value is determined based on the current charge percentage of the battery pack, wherein the charge percentage indicates the ratio of the current charge to the maximum charge of the battery pack.

[0231] Specifically, the battery control module is also used to determine the discharge current value based on the current charge percentage of the battery pack.

[0232] In this way, by dynamically adjusting the discharge current according to the battery charge ratio, it can be ensured that the battery discharges more completely.

[0233] Optionally, when determining the discharge current value based on the current charge percentage of the battery pack, the battery control module is specifically used for:

[0234] The discharge current value is determined based on the current charge percentage of the battery pack, the maximum allowable discharge power of the battery pack, the current total voltage of the battery pack, and the peak power of the third load, wherein the third load is the load that is turned on during automatic charging and discharging.

[0235] The third load can be a cooling system. During charging or discharging, the battery may generate heat, so the cooling system (such as a fan or liquid cooling system) may need to be activated to keep the battery within a suitable temperature range and prevent overheating.

[0236] By combining multiple parameters (charge ratio, maximum allowable discharge power, total voltage, and peak power of the third load), the discharge current can be controlled more precisely, helping to optimize battery performance and ensure that the battery discharges under safe and efficient conditions. Furthermore, considering the peak power of the third load ensures that all necessary load devices receive sufficient power during automatic charging and discharging, thereby improving system stability and reliability.

[0237] Optionally, when the current power ratio is not less than the first preset ratio, the discharge current value is equal to the quotient of the first difference and the current total voltage, and the first difference is equal to the difference between the maximum allowable discharge power and the peak power.

[0238] When the current power ratio is less than a first preset ratio and not less than a second preset ratio, the discharge current value is equal to the smaller of a second difference and a first preset current value, wherein the second difference is equal to the first difference multiplied by a first preset value; the first preset value is greater than 0 and less than 1.

[0239] When the current power ratio is less than a second preset ratio and not less than a third preset ratio, the discharge current value is equal to the smaller of the third difference and the second preset current value, wherein the third difference is equal to the first difference multiplied by the second preset value; the second preset value is not greater than the first preset value and the second preset value is less than the first preset value;

[0240] When the current power ratio is less than the third preset ratio, the discharge current value is equal to the smaller of the fourth difference and the third preset current value, wherein the fourth difference is equal to the first difference multiplied by the third preset value; the third preset value is not greater than the second preset value, and the third preset value is less than the second preset value.

[0241] The unit for maximum permissible discharge power is W (watt), the unit for peak power is W (watt), the unit for current total voltage is V (volt), and the unit for discharge current is A (ampere).

[0242] In this way, by dividing the power ratio into multiple intervals, the discharge current can be flexibly adjusted according to the remaining power of the battery. When the power is low, the discharge current can be gradually reduced (by decreasing the preset value), which can make the battery pack discharge more thoroughly.

[0243] Optionally, the first preset ratio is 40%, the second preset ratio is 20%, and the third preset ratio is 10%.

[0244] Optionally, the range of the first preset current value is 80A to 100A; the range of the first preset value is 70% to 90%; the range of the second preset current value is 50A to 60A; the range of the second preset value is 70% to 80%; the third preset current value is 20A; and the third preset value is 60%.

[0245] Optionally, the battery control module is further configured to:

[0246] After the battery pack is fully charged, calculate the capacity retention rate of the battery pack.

[0247] Specifically, the battery control module calculates the battery pack's capacity retention rate after the battery pack has finished charging.

[0248] Capacity retention is one of the key indicators for measuring battery health. By calculating capacity retention, the degree of battery aging and performance degradation can be assessed, thus providing a basis for battery maintenance and replacement.

[0249] Optionally, when calculating the capacity retention rate of the battery pack, the battery control module is specifically used for:

[0250] Calculate the charging capacity based on the charging current value at each moment during the charging process;

[0251] Divide the current charging capacity by the nominal capacity of the battery pack to obtain the battery's capacity retention rate.

[0252] In this way, by calculating the charging current value at each moment during the charging process, the charging capacity can be accurately calculated, providing a reliable data basis for subsequent evaluation of the battery's health status.

[0253] Optionally, when the battery control module calculates the charging capacity based on the charging current values ​​at various times during the charging process, it is specifically used for:

[0254] The charging capacity is calculated by integrating the charging current values ​​at each moment during the charging process.

[0255] Specifically, a graph is plotted based on the charging current value at each moment during the charging process, showing the change of the charging current value over time. The horizontal axis of the graph represents the time, and the vertical axis represents the charging current value. The area enclosed by the graph and the coordinate axes represents the charging capacity for this charging operation.

[0256] In this way, the accuracy of the calculated charging capacity can be further improved through integral calculation.

[0257] Optionally, when calculating the capacity retention rate of the battery pack, the battery control module is specifically used for:

[0258] If the battery pack's charge percentage is less than a preset threshold when charging begins, the battery pack's capacity retention rate is calculated.

[0259] In this way, calculating the capacity retention rate when the battery percentage is low ensures that the battery pack starts charging from a lower baseline, thus more accurately assessing the actual usable capacity of the battery.

[0260] Optionally, the preset threshold is 5%.

[0261] Optionally, the electrical equipment further includes: an equipment control module, the equipment control module being used for:

[0262] After receiving the discharge completion command from the battery control module, a charging command is sent to the battery control module.

[0263] Accordingly, when the battery control module controls the charger to disconnect from the battery pack and then reconnect them to form a closed loop after the battery pack has finished discharging, it is specifically used for:

[0264] After the battery pack has finished discharging, the charger is disconnected from the battery pack and a discharge completion command is sent to the device control module.

[0265] Upon receiving the charging command, the charger is controlled to reconnect with the battery pack to form a closed loop.

[0266] Specifically, after the battery pack has finished discharging, the battery control module controls the charger to disconnect from the battery pack and sends a discharge completion command to the device control module; after receiving the discharge completion command from the battery control module, the device control module sends a charging command to the battery control module; after receiving the charging command, the battery control module controls the charger and battery pack to reconnect in series to form a closed loop.

[0267] In this way, by automatically disconnecting the charger after discharge and reconnecting it upon receiving a charging command, the system automates the charging and discharging process. Furthermore, by immediately disconnecting the charger after discharge, it prevents potential over-discharge and protects the battery pack from damage caused by excessive discharge, thereby improving the system's safety.

[0268] Optionally, the electrical equipment may further include: an equipment control module;

[0269] The battery control module is also used for:

[0270] After the battery pack is fully charged, a charging completion command is sent to the device control module.

[0271] The device control module is used to send the charging completion command to the ground control module.

[0272] Specifically, after the battery pack is fully charged, the battery control module sends a charging completion command to the equipment control module, which then forwards the received charging completion command to the ground control module.

[0273] In this way, the battery control module sends the charging completion command to the ground control module through the equipment control module, so that the ground control module can keep track of the charging progress and react accordingly.

[0274] Optionally, the electrical equipment may further include: an equipment control module;

[0275] The battery control module is also used for:

[0276] After calculating the capacity retention rate of the battery pack, the capacity retention rate is sent to the device control module.

[0277] Specifically, the battery control module is also used to send the capacity retention rate to the device control module after calculating the capacity retention rate of the battery pack.

[0278] In this way, by sending the capacity retention rate to the device control module, the system can monitor the battery's health status in real time, which helps to detect changes in battery performance in a timely manner and facilitates the implementation of appropriate maintenance measures.

[0279] Optionally, the system further includes: a charging device, the charging device further includes: a ground communication module, and the power-consuming equipment further includes: a power-consuming equipment communication module;

[0280] When the battery control module outputs operating mode information, it is specifically used for:

[0281] The operating mode information is sent to the electrical equipment communication module;

[0282] The electrical equipment communication module is used to send operating mode information to the ground communication module;

[0283] The ground communication module is used to send the operating mode information to the charger.

[0284] Specifically, the battery control module sends the operating mode information to the device communication module; the device communication module sends the operating mode information to the ground communication module; and the ground communication module sends the operating mode information to the charger.

[0285] In this way, the participation of the electrical equipment communication module and the ground communication module ensures the coordination and synchronization between different system components, which helps to achieve the orderly operation of complex systems.

[0286] Optionally, the electrical equipment further includes: an equipment control module and an electrical equipment communication module.

[0287] The device control module is also used for:

[0288] Upon receiving the first discharge command, the device communication module is activated to enable communication between the device communication module and the ground communication module.

[0289] Specifically, after receiving the first discharge command, the equipment control module activates the equipment communication module, and the ground communication module can establish a communication connection with the equipment communication module after obtaining the identification information of the equipment.

[0290] In this way, upon receiving the first discharge command, the communication module of the power supply equipment is activated, preparing for the subsequent transmission of working mode information through the communication module of the power supply equipment, thereby improving overall work efficiency.

[0291] Optionally, the system further includes a charging device, which in turn includes a ground control module; the ground control module is used to control the charger to electrically connect with the battery pack after the electrical equipment arrives at a preset location.

[0292] Specifically, after the electrical equipment arrives at the preset position, the ground control module controls the charger to connect electrically with the battery pack. Once the electrical connection is established, closing the switch in the circuit will close the circuit.

[0293] In this way, the automated control of the ground control module ensures that the charger and battery pack are electrically connected immediately after the equipment arrives at the designated location, reducing manual intervention and improving the accuracy and efficiency of operation.

[0294] Optionally, when the ground control module sends the first discharge command to the equipment control module, it is specifically used for:

[0295] After the electrical equipment reaches the preset position, a first discharge command is sent to the equipment control module.

[0296] In this application, after the electrical equipment reaches the preset position, the order of the following two steps is not limited and they can be performed simultaneously. One of the two steps is to control the charger to connect to the battery pack, and the other step is to send a first discharge command to the equipment control module.

[0297] Optionally, the charging device further includes: an electrical equipment monitoring module.

[0298] The electrical equipment monitoring module is used to send a second discharge command to the ground control module after the electrical equipment reaches the preset position;

[0299] Accordingly, when the ground control module controls the charger to electrically connect with the battery pack after the electrical equipment reaches the preset position, it is specifically used for:

[0300] Upon receiving the second discharge command, the charger is controlled to be electrically connected to the battery pack.

[0301] Among them, the electrical equipment monitoring module can be ATS (Automatic Train Supervision).

[0302] Specifically, after the electrical equipment reaches the preset position, the electrical equipment monitoring module sends a second discharge command to the ground control module; after receiving the second discharge command, the ground control module controls the charger to electrically connect to the battery pack.

[0303] Optionally, when the ground control module controls the electrical connection between the charger and the battery pack, it is specifically used for:

[0304] The charger is electrically connected to the battery pack by controlling the lowering of the charging bow through the bow controller.

[0305] The charging pantograph is located on the ground.

[0306] Specifically, the ground control module lowers the charging pantograph via the pantograph controller, thus electrically connecting the charger to the battery pack.

[0307] In this way, using a bow controller to automatically lower the charging bow reduces the need for manual operation, improves the automation level of the system, and increases operational efficiency and response speed.

[0308] Optionally, the electrical equipment further includes an electrical equipment communication module, and the charging equipment further includes a ground communication module;

[0309] The ground control module is also used for:

[0310] Upon receiving the second discharge command, the identification information of the electrical equipment is obtained and the identification information is sent to the ground communication module;

[0311] The ground communication module is used to receive the identification information and, when the power equipment communication module is turned on, establish a communication connection with the power equipment communication module based on the identification information.

[0312] Specifically, by using identification information to identify devices, the system can quickly and accurately establish communication connections with electrical equipment, reducing communication establishment time and improving overall communication efficiency.

[0313] Optionally, the electrical equipment may further include a radio frequency module;

[0314] The radio frequency module is used to identify the radio frequency tag of the electrical equipment, obtain the identification information of the electrical equipment, and send the identification information to the ground control module when it receives the acquisition command sent by the ground control module.

[0315] Accordingly, when the ground control module acquires the identification information of the electrical equipment, it is specifically used for:

[0316] Send an acquisition command to the radio frequency module;

[0317] Obtain the identification information sent by the radio frequency module.

[0318] Specifically, the ground control module sends an acquisition command to the radio frequency module. When the radio frequency module receives the acquisition command from the ground control module, it identifies the radio frequency tag of the electrical equipment, obtains the identification information of the electrical equipment, and sends the identification information to the ground control module; the ground control module then acquires the identification information sent by the equipment module.

[0319] In this way, by automatically identifying the RFID tags of electrical equipment through the RFID module, the acquisition of equipment identification information is automated, reducing manual operation and improving the efficiency and accuracy of the identification process.

[0320] Optionally, the closed loop further includes a load module, which is connected in parallel with the charger.

[0321] The load module includes equipment that must be turned on during the automatic charging and discharging process of electrical equipment, such as cooling equipment.

[0322] Optionally, the load module includes: a first load, a second load, and a transformer, wherein the rated voltage of the first load is not less than the maximum voltage across the battery pack, and the rated voltage of the second load is less than the maximum voltage across the battery pack.

[0323] The transformer is connected in parallel with the first load;

[0324] The transformer is connected to the second load and is used to reduce the voltage across the battery pack and supply power to the second load with the reduced voltage.

[0325] The first load indicates a high-voltage load. Since its rated voltage is greater than or equal to the maximum voltage across the battery pack, it can be directly connected in parallel with the charger. The second load indicates a low-voltage load. Since its rated voltage is less than the maximum voltage across the battery pack, it cannot be directly connected in parallel with the charger. A transformer is connected in parallel with the charger to reduce the voltage across the battery pack before supplying power to the second load connected to the transformer. The voltage after the transformer reduces the voltage to be less than or equal to the rated voltage of the second load.

[0326] In this way, by using a transformer, the system can adapt to the voltage requirements of different loads. The first load uses the battery pack's voltage directly, while the second load is powered by a voltage reduced by the transformer.

[0327] Optionally, the electrical equipment further includes a battery control module, which is also used to control the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop;

[0328] When the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to form a closed loop in series, it is specifically used for:

[0329] The branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer is closed, so that the charger and the battery pack are connected in series to form a closed loop.

[0330] When controlling the closing of the branch containing the first load, charger and transformer, there is no restriction on the closing order. All three can be closed at the same time; two can be closed at the same time first, and the third can be closed later, or they can be closed in sequence.

[0331] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the closure of the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer, it is specifically used for:

[0332] The branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer is closed sequentially.

[0333] By sequentially closing each branch, the system load can be gradually increased, avoiding the impact of sudden high current surges on the battery pack and other electrical components. This gradual loading method helps protect electrical equipment and extend its service life.

[0334] Preferably, the branch containing the first load can be closed first, then the branch containing the transformer can be closed, and finally the branch containing the charger can be closed.

[0335] Since both the first load and the second load connected to the transformer are devices that must be turned on during the charging and discharging process, the branch containing the first load and the second load is closed first. After the branch containing the first load and the transformer (second load) has been running stably, the branch containing the charger is then closed. This ensures that the charger starts working in a stable voltage and current environment, protects the charger from voltage fluctuations, and improves its service life and reliability.

[0336] Optionally, the closed loop further includes a first switch, which is disposed on the main line of the closed loop.

[0337] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the closure of the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer, it is specifically used for:

[0338] Control the first switch to close, so that the branch containing the first load, the charger and the transformer is closed.

[0339] In this way, by setting a switch on the main circuit to control the closing of multiple branches, the circuit design and wiring are simplified, the need for multiple switches is reduced, and the complexity and cost of the system are reduced.

[0340] Optionally, the closed loop further includes: a second switch, a third switch, and a fourth switch; the second switch is located in the branch where the first load is located; the third switch is located in the branch where the transformer is located; and the fourth switch is located in the branch where the charger is located.

[0341] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the closure of the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer, it is specifically used for:

[0342] Control the closing of three switches in the three branches to close the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer.

[0343] In this way, by setting an independent switch on each branch, the battery control module can control the opening and closing of the first load, transformer and charger respectively, improving the flexibility of control.

[0344] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the closing of three switches in the three branches, it is specifically used for:

[0345] The second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch are controlled to close sequentially.

[0346] In this way, after the first load branch is closed, the system gradually enters a stable state, and then the branches where the transformer and charger are located are closed. This helps to ensure that the system operates in a stable voltage and current environment and improves the overall system stability.

[0347] Optionally, the closed loop further includes: a fixed resistor, a fifth switch, and a sixth switch, all of which are located in the branch where the transformer is located;

[0348] The fixed resistor is first connected in series with the fifth switch, and then connected in parallel with the sixth switch to form a first parallel circuit; the first parallel circuit is connected in series with the transformer.

[0349] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the closing of the branch containing the transformer, it is specifically used for:

[0350] The fifth switch is controlled to close, then the sixth switch is controlled to close, and then the fifth switch is controlled to open.

[0351] In this way, by first closing the fifth switch (connected in series with the fixed resistor) in the transformer branch, the current first flows through the fixed resistor, which limits the current magnitude in the initial stage and reduces the impact of current surges on the transformer and other electrical components, thereby protecting the equipment. After the fifth switch is closed, the system gradually enters a steady state. Subsequently, the sixth switch is closed to bypass the fixed resistor, and then the fifth switch is controlled to open. This gradual loading method helps ensure that the system operates in a stable voltage and current environment, improving the overall system stability.

[0352] Optionally, the closed loop further includes a seventh switch and an eighth switch; both the seventh switch and the eighth switch are located in the branch where the charger is located.

[0353] Optionally, when the battery control module controls the branch containing the charger to close, it is specifically used for:

[0354] The seventh switch and the eighth switch are controlled to close sequentially.

[0355] In this way, the branch circuit where the charger is located will only be connected when both the seventh and eighth switches are closed, providing double safety protection, reducing the possibility of misoperation, improving system safety, and preventing accidental current flow.

[0356] Optionally, the closed loop further includes a ninth switch, which is disposed on the main line of the closed loop. The ninth switch is in an open state when the circuit is being repaired and in a closed state under other circumstances.

[0357] Thus, the ninth switch provides a global power-off mechanism. During circuit maintenance, disconnecting the ninth switch ensures that the power supply to the entire circuit is cut off, providing a safe working environment for maintenance personnel and preventing electric shock and other electrical accidents.

[0358] Optionally, the battery control module is further configured to:

[0359] The branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer is disconnected, thereby disconnecting the charger and the battery pack.

[0360] Specifically, when controlling the disconnection of three branches, there is no restriction on the order in which the branches are disconnected. All three branches can be disconnected at the same time; two branches can be disconnected at the same time first, and then the last branch can be disconnected; or the three branches can be disconnected in sequence.

[0361] Optionally, when the battery control module disconnects the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer, it is specifically used for:

[0362] The branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer is disconnected in sequence.

[0363] Disconnecting each branch sequentially can gradually reduce the system load, avoid the impact of instantaneous current changes on the battery pack and other electrical components, help protect electrical equipment, and reduce current surges.

[0364] Optionally, the order in which the three branches are disconnected is the reverse of the order in which they are closed.

[0365] When closing, branches with less impact on system stability are usually closed first, while when opening, branches with greater impact on the system are opened first. This sequence optimizes current management and ensures that the system maintains optimal performance throughout the entire operation. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an automatic charging and discharging system architecture for a battery pack is provided in this application embodiment, as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the automatic charging and discharging system for the battery pack includes a vehicle and charging equipment located on the ground. The vehicle includes: VOBC (Vehicle On-Board Controller), CCU, BMS, RFID tags, and vehicle communication module. The charging equipment includes: ATS, RFID module, ground communication module, ground control module, pantograph controller, charging controller, and charger.

[0366] Figure 4 A method provided for embodiments of this application and Figure 3 The flowchart of the automatic charging and discharging method for the battery pack corresponding to the system is as follows: Figure 4As shown, after the vehicle comes to a complete stop at the charging / discharging position, the ATS sends a first discharge command to the vehicle and a second discharge command to the ground control module. Upon receiving the second discharge command from the ATS, the ground control module lowers the charging pantograph via the pantograph controller, completing the electrical connection of the discharge circuit. Simultaneously, the ground control module identifies the vehicle's RFID tag via the RFID module to obtain the vehicle ID (Identification Code), configures the ground communication module CANWIFI, and establishes a one-to-one connection with the vehicle's communication module. The ground control module controls the input and output current of the charger through the charging controller. After receiving the first discharge command from the ATS, the vehicle's VOBC forwards it to the CCU. The CCU then sends the received first discharge command to the BMS, and simultaneously activates the vehicle communication module CANWIFI, enabling wireless communication between the BMS and the ground control module. Upon receiving the first discharge command, the BMS enters the automatic discharge process. After completing the discharge, the BMS sends a discharge completion command to the CCU. Upon receiving the discharge completion command, the CCU sends a charging request command to the BMS, and the BMS enters the automatic charging process. After the BMS completes charging, it sends a charging completion command to the CCU and reports the battery pack capacity retention rate during the automatic charging and discharging process to the CCU. After receiving the charging completion command, the CCU reports the automatic charging and discharging of the vehicle to the ATS and forwards the vehicle's battery pack capacity retention rate. Once the ATS receives the automatic charging and discharging completion report from the vehicle, it stops issuing discharge commands, and the automatic charging and discharging process ends.

[0367] Figure 5 This application provides a schematic diagram of an automatic charging and discharging principle for a battery pack. Figure 6 A method provided for embodiments of this application and Figure 5 The schematic diagram corresponds to the flowchart of the automatic charging and discharging method for the battery pack, such as... Figure 6 As shown, during the charging and discharging process, the charging and discharging processes use the same high-voltage circuit. When the vehicle is in a low-voltage state, which is when all contactors K1 to K7 are in the open state, the BMS continuously checks whether it has received the first discharge command from the CCU. After receiving the first discharge command, the BMS first controls the main positive contactor K1 to close (see...). Figure 5Then, the DC (Direct Current) contactor is pre-charged and engaged (i.e., DC pre-charge contactor K4 is engaged first, then DC contactor K5 is engaged, and finally K4 is disengaged). Next, the BMS sequentially engages the charger's positive contactor K6 and then the charger's negative contactor K7. The CCU can activate CANWIFI simultaneously with sending the first discharge command, or sequentially. After the BMS communicates, hands-on, identifies, and configures parameters with the charger, the vehicle enters the automatic discharge phase. The BMS periodically sends a discharge demand message (BCL, Battery Charge Limit) to the charger, which indicates the operating mode. The target discharge current of the power battery decreases in stages according to the SOC range. When SOC ≥ 40%, the target discharge current of the power battery = BMS maximum allowable discharge power (kW) * 1000 / current total battery voltage - peak power of other high-voltage loads / current total battery voltage; when SOC < 40%, in the BCL, the target discharge current of the power battery = min [(BMS maximum allowable discharge power (kW) * 1000 / current total battery voltage - peak power of other high-voltage loads / current total battery voltage) * 80%, 100A]; when SOC < 20%, in the BCL, the target discharge current of the power battery = min [(BMS maximum allowable discharge power (kW) * 1000 / current total battery voltage) * 80%, 60A]; when SOC < 10%, in the BCL, the target discharge current of the power battery = min [(BMS maximum allowable discharge power (kW) * 1000 / current total battery voltage) * 60%, 20A]; when SOC = 0% or the lowest single-cell battery voltage reaches the cutoff voltage threshold, in the BCL, the target discharge current of the power battery = 0. The BMS exits the automatic discharge process, disconnects the charger's positive and negative contactors, DC contactor, and main positive contactor, and reports to the CCU that the discharge is complete.

[0368] After receiving feedback from the BMS indicating that discharge is complete, the CCU sends a charging request command to the BMS. Upon receiving the charging request command, the BMS first controls the engagement of the main positive contactor K1, then pre-charges the DC contactor (i.e., first engages the DC pre-charge contactor K4, then engages the DC contactor K5, and finally disconnects K4). Next, the BMS sequentially engages the charger's positive contactor K6 and then the charger's negative contactor K7. Finally, the CCU activates CAN-WIFI, and the BMS communicates, hands-on, identifies, and configures parameters with the charger before entering the automatic charging phase. In the charging request message BCL periodically sent by the BMS to the charger, the target charging current for the power battery is calculated as: BMS maximum allowable charging power (kW) * 1000 / current total voltage. When the SOC reaches 100% or the highest single-cell battery voltage reaches the threshold, the BMS exits the automatic charging process and disconnects the charger's positive and negative contactors, the DC contactor, and the main positive contactor. If the initial SOC of this charge is ≤5%, the BMS calculates the charge capacity Q1 based on the functional relationship between charging current and time, and the nominal battery capacity is Q2. It then sends the battery capacity retention rate k = Q1 / Q2*100% to the CCU and reports that the automatic charging is complete. If the initial SOC of this charge is >5%, it directly reports that the automatic charging is complete to the CCU.

[0369] This application embodiment also provides an automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack. The executing entity in this embodiment can be a battery control module. The automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0370] Output working mode information, wherein the working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging of the charger, the charger being used to form a closed loop in series with the battery pack of the electrical device;

[0371] The operating mode information is used to control the charger to charge or discharge the battery pack through the closed loop.

[0372] The automatic charging and discharging method for battery packs provided in this embodiment is similar in principle and technical effect to the automatic charging and discharging system for battery packs, and will not be described in detail here.

[0373] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating an automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application. The executing entity in this embodiment can be a device control module, such as... Figure 7 As shown in the embodiment of this application, an automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack is provided, the method comprising:

[0374] Step 701: Receive the first discharge command sent by the ground control module.

[0375] Step 702: Send the first discharge command to the battery control module so that the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger outputs working mode information and, according to the working mode information, charges or discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. The working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging the charger.

[0376] The automatic charging and discharging method for battery packs provided in this embodiment is similar in principle and technical effect to the automatic charging and discharging system for battery packs, and will not be described in detail here.

[0377] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating another automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application. The executing entity in this embodiment can be a ground control module, such as... Figure 8 As shown in the embodiment of this application, an automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack is provided, the method comprising:

[0378] Step 801: After the electrical equipment reaches the preset position, control the charger to connect electrically to the battery pack.

[0379] Step 802: Send a first discharge command to the device control module, so that the device control module sends the first discharge command to the battery control module, so that the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger outputs working mode information, and according to the working mode information, charges or discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. The working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging the charger.

[0380] The automatic charging and discharging method for battery packs provided in this embodiment is similar in principle and technical effect to the automatic charging and discharging system for battery packs, and will not be described in detail here.

[0381] Corresponding to the above-described automatic charging and discharging method for battery packs, this application also provides an automatic charging and discharging device for battery packs. The automatic charging and discharging device for battery packs provided in this embodiment is applied to a battery control module and includes:

[0382] The output module is used to output working mode information, wherein the working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging of the charger, and the charger is used to connect in series with the battery pack of the electrical device to form a closed loop.

[0383] The operating mode information is used to control the charger to charge or discharge the battery pack through the closed loop.

[0384] The automatic charging and discharging device for battery packs provided in this embodiment can execute the method provided in the above-described method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be described in detail here.

[0385] Figure 9 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of an automatic charging and discharging device for a battery pack. Figure 9 As shown, the automatic charging and discharging device for battery packs provided in this embodiment is applied to the equipment control module and includes:

[0386] Receiver module 901 is used to receive the first discharge command sent by the ground control module;

[0387] The sending module 902 is used to send the first discharge command to the battery control module, so that the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop, the charger outputs working mode information, and charges or discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger according to the working mode information, wherein the working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging the charger.

[0388] The automatic charging and discharging device for battery packs provided in this embodiment can execute the method provided in the above-described method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be described in detail here.

[0389] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of another automatic charging and discharging device for a battery pack provided in this application is shown below. Figure 10 As shown, the automatic charging and discharging device for the battery pack provided in this embodiment is applied to the ground control module and includes:

[0390] The control module 1001 is used to control the charger to electrically connect with the battery pack after the electrical equipment reaches the preset position.

[0391] The sending module 1002 is used to send a first discharge command to the device control module, so that the device control module sends the first discharge command to the battery control module, so that the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger outputs working mode information, and according to the working mode information, charges or discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. The working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging the charger.

[0392] The automatic charging and discharging device for battery packs provided in this embodiment can execute the method provided in the above-described method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be described in detail here.

[0393] This application provides a battery control module, including at least one processor and a memory. Optionally, the battery control module further includes a communication component. The processor, memory, and communication component are connected via a bus.

[0394] In a specific implementation, at least one processor executes computer execution instructions stored in memory, causing at least one processor to perform the above-described method.

[0395] The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, causing the processor to perform the method described in the above embodiments.

[0396] The specific implementation process of the processor can be found in the above method embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, so it will not be repeated here.

[0397] In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in this invention can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0398] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device.

[0399] The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, the buses shown in the accompanying drawings are not limited to a single bus or a single type of bus.

[0400] This application provides a device control module, including at least one processor and a memory. Optionally, the device control module further includes a communication component. The processor, memory, and communication component are connected via a bus.

[0401] In a specific implementation, at least one processor executes computer execution instructions stored in memory, causing at least one processor to perform the above-described method.

[0402] The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, causing the processor to perform the method described in the above embodiments.

[0403] The specific implementation process of the processor can be found in the above method embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, so it will not be repeated here.

[0404] This application provides a ground control module, including at least one processor and a memory. Optionally, the ground control module further includes a communication component. The processor, memory, and communication component are connected via a bus.

[0405] In a specific implementation, at least one processor executes computer execution instructions stored in memory, causing at least one processor to perform the above-described method.

[0406] The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, causing the processor to perform the method described in the above embodiments.

[0407] The specific implementation process of the processor can be found in the above method embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, so it will not be repeated here.

[0408] This application provides an electrical device, which includes a battery pack and at least one of the following:

[0409] The battery control module described in any of the above embodiments;

[0410] The device control module described in any of the above embodiments.

[0411] The electrical equipment provided in this embodiment has a similar implementation principle and technical effect to the aforementioned embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.

[0412] This application provides a vehicle, including: a battery pack, a load module, and at least one of the following:

[0413] The battery control module described in any of the above embodiments;

[0414] The device control module described in any of the above embodiments.

[0415] The vehicle provided in this embodiment is similar in principle and technical effect to the aforementioned embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.

[0416] This application provides a charging device, which includes a charger and a ground control module as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0417] The charging device provided in this embodiment has a similar implementation principle and technical effect to the previous embodiment, and will not be described in detail here.

[0418] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0419] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method.

[0420] The aforementioned readable storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0421] An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can reside in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Alternatively, the processor and the readable storage medium can exist as discrete components in the device.

[0422] The division of units is merely a logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0423] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0424] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0425] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0426] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs the steps of the above-described method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0427] Finally, it should be noted that other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein, and is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An automatic charging and discharging system for a battery pack, characterized in that, Including electrical equipment and chargers: The battery pack of the electrical equipment is suitable for being connected in series with the charger to form a closed circuit; The charger is used to determine the current operating mode information, wherein the operating mode information is used to instruct the charger to charge or discharge; and according to the operating mode information, the battery pack is charged or discharged through the closed loop.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical equipment also includes a battery control module, which is used for: Output working mode information.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery control module is also used for: The charger is connected in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop.

4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The operating mode information includes: operating mode and target current value. The operating mode is used to indicate whether the charger is being charged or discharged, and the target current value is used to indicate the charging current value or the discharging current value.

5. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to form a closed loop in series, it is specifically used for: After receiving the first discharge command sent by the ground control module, the charger is controlled to be connected in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop.

6. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The system also includes: a charging device, the charging device further includes: a ground control module, and the electrical equipment further includes: an equipment control module; The ground control module is used to send a first discharge command to the equipment control module; The device control module is used to receive the first discharge command and send the first discharge command to the battery control module; Accordingly, when the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to form a closed loop in series, it is specifically used for: Upon receiving the first discharge command, the charger is controlled to connect in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop.

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, After receiving the first discharge command from the ground control module, the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to form a closed loop, specifically for: After receiving the first discharge command sent by the ground control module, the charger is connected in series with the battery pack to form a closed loop; After the battery pack has finished discharging, the charger is controlled to first disconnect from the battery pack and then reconnect to form a closed loop.

8. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery control module is also used for: After the battery pack is fully charged, the charger is disconnected from the battery pack.

9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The battery pack includes multiple batteries, and the battery control module is further used for: When the current charge percentage is equal to 0 or the voltage across any battery is not greater than a first preset voltage, the battery pack is determined to have finished discharging. The charge percentage is used to indicate the ratio of the current charge to the maximum charge of the battery pack.

10. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The battery pack includes multiple batteries, and the battery control module is further used for: The battery pack is determined to be fully charged when the current charge percentage is 100% or the voltage across any battery is greater than a second preset voltage. The charge percentage indicates the ratio of the current charge to the maximum charge of the battery pack.

11. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The battery control module is also used for: The charging current value is determined based on the maximum allowable charging power of the battery pack and the current total voltage of the battery pack.

12. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The charging current value is equal to the quotient of the maximum allowable charging power and the current total voltage.

13. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The battery control module is also used for: The discharge current value is determined based on the current charge percentage of the battery pack, wherein the charge percentage indicates the ratio of the current charge to the maximum charge of the battery pack.

14. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that, When determining the discharge current value based on the current charge percentage of the battery pack, the battery control module is specifically used for: The discharge current value is determined based on the current charge percentage of the battery pack, the maximum allowable discharge power of the battery pack, the current total voltage of the battery pack, and the peak power of the third load, wherein the third load is the load that is turned on during automatic charging and discharging.

15. The system according to claim 14, characterized in that, When the current power ratio is not less than the first preset ratio, the discharge current value is equal to the quotient of the first difference and the current total voltage, and the first difference is equal to the difference between the maximum allowable discharge power and the peak power; When the current power ratio is less than a first preset ratio and not less than a second preset ratio, the discharge current value is equal to the smaller of a second difference and a first preset current value, wherein the second difference is equal to the first difference multiplied by a first preset value; the first preset value is greater than 0 and less than 1. When the current power ratio is less than a second preset ratio and not less than a third preset ratio, the discharge current value is equal to the smaller of the third difference and the second preset current value, wherein the third difference is equal to the first difference multiplied by the second preset value; the second preset value is not greater than the first preset value and the second preset value is less than the first preset value; When the current power ratio is less than the third preset ratio, the discharge current value is equal to the smaller of the fourth difference and the third preset current value, wherein the fourth difference is equal to the first difference multiplied by the third preset value; the third preset value is not greater than the second preset value, and the third preset value is less than the second preset value.

16. The system according to claim 15, characterized in that, The first preset ratio is 40%, the second preset ratio is 20%, and the third preset ratio is 10%.

17. The system according to claim 15, characterized in that, The first preset current value ranges from 80A to 100A; the first preset value ranges from 70% to 90%; the second preset current value ranges from 50A to 60A; the second preset value ranges from 70% to 80%; and the third preset current value is 20A. The third preset value is 60%.

18. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery control module is also used for: After the battery pack is fully charged, calculate the capacity retention rate of the battery pack.

19. The system according to claim 18, characterized in that, When calculating the capacity retention rate of the battery pack, the battery control module is specifically used for: Calculate the charging capacity based on the charging current value at each moment during the charging process; Divide the current charging capacity by the nominal capacity of the battery pack to obtain the battery's capacity retention rate.

20. The system according to claim 19, characterized in that, When calculating the charging capacity based on the charging current values ​​at various moments during the charging process, the battery control module is specifically used for: The charging capacity is calculated by integrating the charging current values ​​at each moment during the charging process.

21. The system according to claim 18, characterized in that, When calculating the capacity retention rate of the battery pack, the battery control module is specifically used for: If the battery pack's charge percentage is less than a preset threshold when charging begins, the battery pack's capacity retention rate is calculated.

22. The system according to claim 21, characterized in that, The preset threshold is 5%.

23. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The electrical equipment further includes: an equipment control module, the equipment control module being used for: After receiving the discharge completion command from the battery control module, a charging command is sent to the battery control module. Accordingly, when the battery control module controls the charger to disconnect from the battery pack and then reconnect them to form a closed loop after the battery pack has finished discharging, it is specifically used for: After the battery pack has finished discharging, the charger is disconnected from the battery pack and a discharge completion command is sent to the device control module. Upon receiving the charging command, the charger is controlled to reconnect with the battery pack to form a closed loop.

24. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electrical equipment also includes: an equipment control module; The battery control module is also used for: After the battery pack is fully charged, a charging completion command is sent to the device control module. The device control module is used to send the charging completion command to the ground control module.

25. The system according to claim 18, characterized in that, The electrical equipment also includes: an equipment control module; The battery control module is also used for: After calculating the capacity retention rate of the battery pack, the capacity retention rate is sent to the device control module.

26. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system also includes: a charging device, the charging device further includes: a ground communication module, and the power-consuming equipment further includes: a power-consuming equipment communication module; When the battery control module outputs operating mode information, it is specifically used for: The operating mode information is sent to the electrical equipment communication module; The electrical equipment communication module is used to send operating mode information to the ground communication module; The ground communication module is used to send the operating mode information to the charger.

27. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electrical equipment also includes: an equipment control module and an electrical equipment communication module. The device control module is also used for: Upon receiving the first discharge command, the device communication module is activated to enable communication between the device communication module and the ground communication module.

28. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system further includes a charging device, which in turn includes a ground control module. The ground control module is used to control the charger to electrically connect with the battery pack after the electrical equipment reaches a preset location.

29. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the ground control module sends the first discharge command to the equipment control module, it is specifically used for: After the electrical equipment reaches the preset position, a first discharge command is sent to the equipment control module.

30. The system according to claim 28, characterized in that, The charging device also includes: an electrical equipment monitoring module. The electrical equipment monitoring module is used to send a second discharge command to the ground control module after the electrical equipment reaches the preset position; Accordingly, when the ground control module controls the charger to electrically connect with the battery pack after the electrical equipment reaches the preset position, it is specifically used for: Upon receiving the second discharge command, the charger is controlled to be electrically connected to the battery pack.

31. The system according to claim 28, characterized in that, When the ground control module controls the electrical connection between the charger and the battery pack, it is specifically used for: The charger is electrically connected to the battery pack by controlling the lowering of the charging bow through the bow controller.

32. The system according to claim 30, characterized in that, The electrical equipment further includes an electrical equipment communication module, and the charging equipment further includes a ground communication module; The ground control module is also used for: Upon receiving the second discharge command, the identification information of the electrical equipment is obtained and the identification information is sent to the ground communication module; The ground communication module is used to receive the identification information and, when the power equipment communication module is turned on, establish a communication connection with the power equipment communication module based on the identification information.

33. The system according to claim 32, characterized in that, The electrical equipment also includes a radio frequency module; The radio frequency module is used to identify the radio frequency tag of the electrical equipment, obtain the identification information of the electrical equipment, and send the identification information to the ground control module when it receives the acquisition command sent by the ground control module. Accordingly, when the ground control module acquires the identification information of the electrical equipment, it is specifically used for: Send an acquisition command to the radio frequency module; Obtain the identification information sent by the radio frequency module.

34. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The closed loop also includes a load module, which is connected in parallel with the charger.

35. The system according to claim 34, characterized in that, The load module includes: a first load, a second load, and a transformer, wherein the rated voltage of the first load is not less than the maximum voltage across the battery pack, and the rated voltage of the second load is less than the maximum voltage across the battery pack. The transformer is connected in parallel with the first load; The transformer is connected to the second load and is used to reduce the voltage across the battery pack and supply power to the second load with the reduced voltage.

36. The system according to claim 35, characterized in that, The electrical equipment further includes a battery control module, which is also used to control the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop. When the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to form a closed loop in series, it is specifically used for: The branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer is closed, so that the charger and the battery pack are connected in series to form a closed loop.

37. The system according to claim 36, characterized in that, When the battery control module controls the closure of the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer, it is specifically used for: The branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer is closed sequentially.

38. The system according to claim 36, characterized in that, The closed loop further includes a first switch, which is disposed on the main line of the closed loop.

39. The system according to claim 38, characterized in that, When the battery control module controls the closure of the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer, it is specifically used for: Control the first switch to close, so that the branch containing the first load, the charger and the transformer is closed.

40. The system according to claim 36, characterized in that, The closed loop further includes: a second switch, a third switch, and a fourth switch; the second switch is located in the branch where the first load is located; the third switch is located in the branch where the transformer is located; and the fourth switch is located in the branch where the charger is located.

41. The system according to claim 40, characterized in that, When the battery control module controls the closure of the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer, it is specifically used for: Control the closing of three switches in the three branches to close the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer.

42. The system according to claim 41, characterized in that, When the battery control module controls the closing of three switches in the three branches, it is specifically used for: The second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch are controlled to close sequentially.

43. The system according to claim 36, characterized in that, The closed loop further includes: a fixed resistor, a fifth switch, and a sixth switch, all of which are located in the branch where the transformer is located; The fixed resistor is first connected in series with the fifth switch, and then connected in parallel with the sixth switch to form a first parallel circuit; the first parallel circuit is connected in series with the transformer.

44. The system according to claim 43, characterized in that, When the battery control module controls the closure of the branch containing the transformer, it is specifically used for: The fifth switch is controlled to close, then the sixth switch is controlled to close, and then the fifth switch is controlled to open.

45. The system according to claim 36, characterized in that, The closed loop further includes a seventh switch and an eighth switch; both the seventh switch and the eighth switch are located in the branch where the charger is located.

46. ​​The system according to claim 45, characterized in that, When the battery control module controls the closure of the branch containing the charger, it is specifically used for: The seventh switch and the eighth switch are controlled to close sequentially.

47. The system according to claim 35, characterized in that, The closed circuit further includes a ninth switch, which is located on the main line of the closed circuit. The ninth switch is in an open state when the circuit is being repaired, and in a closed state under other circumstances.

48. The system according to claim 36, characterized in that, The battery control module is also used for: The branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer is disconnected, thereby disconnecting the charger and the battery pack.

49. The system according to claim 48, characterized in that, When the battery control module disconnects the branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer, it is specifically used for: The branch containing the first load, the charger, and the transformer is disconnected in sequence.

50. The system according to claim 48, characterized in that, The order in which the three branches are disconnected is the reverse of the order in which they are closed.

51. An automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack, characterized in that, The method includes: Output working mode information, wherein the working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging of the charger, the charger being used to form a closed loop in series with the battery pack of the electrical device; The operating mode information is used to control the charger to charge or discharge the battery pack through the closed loop.

52. An automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack, characterized in that, Applied to a device control module, the method includes: Receive the first discharge command sent by the ground control module; The first discharge command is sent to the battery control module, so that the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger outputs operating mode information, and according to the operating mode information, charges or discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. The operating mode information is used to indicate whether to charge or discharge the charger.

53. An automatic charging and discharging method for a battery pack, characterized in that, Applied to a ground control module, the method includes: After the electrical equipment reaches the preset position, the charger is controlled to connect electrically to the battery pack; A first discharge command is sent to the device control module, so that the device control module sends the first discharge command to the battery control module, so that the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger outputs working mode information, and according to the working mode information, charges or discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. The working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging the charger.

54. An automatic charging and discharging device for a battery pack, characterized in that, The device includes: The output module is used to output working mode information, wherein the working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging of the charger, and the charger is used to connect in series with the battery pack of the electrical device to form a closed loop. The operating mode information is used to control the charger to charge or discharge the battery pack through the closed loop.

55. An automatic charging and discharging device for a battery pack, characterized in that, The device, applied to a device control module, includes: The receiving module is used to receive the first discharge command sent by the ground control module; The sending module is used to send the first discharge command to the battery control module, so that the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger outputs working mode information and, according to the working mode information, charges or discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. The working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging the charger.

56. An automatic charging and discharging device for a battery pack, characterized in that, The device, applied to a ground control module, includes: The control module is used to control the charger to electrically connect with the battery pack after the electrical equipment reaches the preset position; The sending module is used to send a first discharge command to the device control module, so that the device control module sends the first discharge command to the battery control module, so that the battery control module controls the charger and the battery pack to be connected in series to form a closed loop. The charger outputs working mode information, and according to the working mode information, charges or discharges the battery pack through the closed loop formed by the battery pack and the charger connected in series. The working mode information is used to indicate charging or discharging the charger.

57. A battery control module, characterized in that, include: Memory, processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, causing the processor to perform the method as described in claim 51.

58. A device control module, characterized in that, include: Memory, processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, causing the processor to perform the method as described in claim 52.

59. A ground control module, characterized in that, include: Memory, processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, causing the processor to perform the method as described in claim 53.

60. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The electrical equipment includes: a battery pack, and further includes at least one of the following: The battery control module as described in claim 51; The device control module as described in claim 52.

61. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: Battery pack, load module, and at least one of the following: The battery control module as described in claim 51; The device control module as described in claim 52.

62. A charging device, characterized in that, The charging device includes: a charger, and the ground control module as described in claim 53.

63. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 51-53.

64. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in any one of claims 51-53.

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