Decoupled power supply control system for a quantum current sensor

Abstract

The application discloses a decoupling power supply control system of a quantum current sensor, and can be applied to the technical field of power supply control. The application realizes mutual decoupling between a pulse power supply branch and a readout power supply circuit by setting a pulse power supply branch, a readout power supply branch, an isolation and switching module and a control module to work cooperatively, reduces the interference of pulse current disturbance, switch voltage stabilization noise and reference ground fluctuation on the readout link, and combines a task demand energy model, energy storage state determination, power supply permission control, readout window silent power supply and pre-charge and recharge scheduling mechanism in the control module to control the working state and the power supply state of the quantum current sensor, so that the differential power supply management of the excitation load and the readout load can be realized, and the operation stability, fluorescence detection stability and detection precision of the quantum current sensor in the current detection process can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power supply control technology, and in particular to a decoupled power supply control system for a quantum current sensor. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, NV center (nitrogen-vacancy center) quantum current sensors utilize the high sensitivity of NV centers in diamond to magnetic fields for current detection. These sensors include an excitation link and a readout link. The excitation link establishes and modulates the spin state of the NV center, while the readout link extracts fluorescence changes or corresponding electrical signals and retrieves the measured current information. Currently, in engineering implementations of NV center quantum current sensors, the power supply characteristics of different functional links vary significantly. However, existing NV center quantum current sensors do not isolate the power supply processes of the excitation and readout links. This allows pulse current disturbances, switching voltage regulation noise, and reference ground fluctuations during the excitation process to easily propagate to the readout link via the power supply network or coupling path, affecting the stability of fluorescence detection and demodulation accuracy. Furthermore, in passive or low-power online monitoring scenarios, existing NV center quantum current sensors lack a power management mechanism. This leads to problems such as rapid voltage drop during excitation task startup, increased power supply noise within the readout window, and blind task startup under insufficient power conditions when power supply is limited, thus affecting the stable operation of the NV center quantum current sensor.

[0003] In summary, the technical problems existing in the relevant technologies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this application is to propose a decoupled power supply control system for a quantum current sensor, which can effectively improve the operational stability, fluorescence detection stability, and detection accuracy of the quantum current sensor during current detection.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of this application propose a decoupled power supply control system for a quantum current sensor, the control system comprising: A pulse power supply branch is used to supply power to the microwave excitation module, the frequency sweep drive module and the wireless transmission module in the quantum current sensor according to the input power supply. The power supply branch is read out and is used to supply power to the photoelectric detection module, analog front-end module, phase-locked sampling module and reference clock module in the quantum current sensor according to the input power supply. An isolation and switching module is used to electrically isolate and switch the power supply between the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch; The control module is used to perform the following steps: Obtain the task type, branch voltage, branch current, and duration within the current task cycle; A task energy requirement model is constructed based on the task type, the branch voltage, the branch current, and the duration. Calculate the joint power supply permitting factor based on the available power supply capacity of the pulse power supply branch and the task requirement energy model; The operating state of the quantum current sensor is controlled according to the power supply permission factor, and the power supply state of the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch to the quantum current sensor is also controlled.

[0006] Preferably, controlling the operating state of the quantum current sensor according to the power supply permission factor, and controlling the power supply state of the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch to the quantum current sensor, includes: When the combined power supply permission factor is less than the first threshold, the quantum current sensor is controlled to prohibit the execution of the current pulse task in the current task cycle and the quantum current sensor is controlled to enter the pre-charge mode or the degraded working mode. When the joint power supply permission factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the quantum current sensor is controlled to execute the current pulse task within the current task cycle, so as to control the pulse power supply branch to supply power to the quantum current sensor; When the readout window of the current task cycle is executed, the quantum current sensor is controlled to execute the current readout task of the current task cycle, so as to shut down the process of the pulse power supply branch supplying power to the quantum current sensor, and control the readout power supply branch to supply power to the quantum current sensor.

[0007] Preferably, constructing the task energy requirement model based on the task type, the branch voltage, the branch current, and the duration includes: When the task type includes a microwave excitation task type, the microwave excitation energy is calculated based on the branch voltage, the branch current, and the duration corresponding to the microwave excitation task. When the task type includes a frequency sweep task type, the frequency sweep drive energy is calculated based on the branch voltage, the branch current and the duration corresponding to the frequency sweep task; When the task type includes a wireless transmission task type, the wireless transmission energy is calculated based on the branch voltage, the branch current, and the duration corresponding to the wireless transmission task. When the task type includes digital control processing task type, status acquisition processing task type or data processing task type, the digital processing energy is calculated based on the branch voltage, the branch current and the duration corresponding to the digital control processing task, status acquisition processing task or data processing task. A task requirement energy model is constructed based on the frequency sweep drive energy, the wireless transmission energy, the digital processing energy, the switching loss energy, and the safety margin energy.

[0008] Preferably, the step of constructing the task requirement energy model based on the frequency sweep driving energy, the wireless transmission energy, the digital processing energy, the switching loss energy, and the safety margin energy includes: Acquire the frequency sweep drive energy, wireless transmission energy, digital processing energy, switching loss energy, and safety margin energy for each task cycle; Based on the frequency sweep drive energy, wireless transmission energy, digital processing energy, switching loss energy, and safety margin energy within each task cycle, a task requirement energy model is constructed for the corresponding task cycle.

[0009] Preferably, the step of calculating the microwave excitation energy based on the branch voltage, the branch current, and the duration corresponding to the microwave excitation task includes: The microwave excitation energy is obtained by integrating the product of the branch voltage and the branch current corresponding to the microwave excitation task based on the duration of the microwave excitation task. The calculation of the frequency sweep drive energy based on the branch voltage, the branch current, and the duration corresponding to the frequency sweep task includes: The sweep drive energy is obtained by integrating the product of the branch voltage and the branch current corresponding to the sweep task based on the duration of the sweep task. The calculation of wireless transmission energy based on the branch voltage, branch current, and duration corresponding to the wireless transmission task includes: The wireless transmission energy is obtained by integrating the product of the branch voltage and the branch current corresponding to the wireless transmission task based on the duration of the wireless transmission task. The calculation of digital processing energy based on the branch voltage, branch current, and duration corresponding to the digital control processing task, status acquisition processing task, or data processing task includes: The digital processing energy is obtained by integrating the product of the branch voltage and the branch current corresponding to the digital control processing task, status acquisition processing task, or data processing task based on the duration of the digital control processing task, status acquisition processing task, or data processing task.

[0010] Preferably, the step of calculating the joint power supply permitting factor based on the available power supply capacity of the pulse power supply branch and the task requirement energy model includes: Based on the current voltage state of the pulse energy storage unit in the pulse power supply branch, calculate the releaseable energy of the pulse energy storage unit before the start of the current task in the current task cycle. The voltage drop of the pulse energy storage unit is calculated based on the output current of the pulse power supply branch during the execution of the current task. The joint power supply permitting factor is calculated based on the releasable energy, the voltage drop, and the mission energy requirement model.

[0011] Preferably, the step of calculating the joint power supply permitting factor based on the releasable energy, the voltage drop, and the mission-required energy model includes: Calculate the first ratio of the releasable energy to the corresponding value of the energy requirement model for the task within each task cycle; Calculate the second ratio of the maximum allowed peak current to be output by the pulse power supply branch to the required peak current in each task cycle; Calculate the first difference between the terminal voltage of the pulse energy storage unit and the allowable lower discharge limit voltage of the pulse energy storage unit before the current task starts in each task cycle; Calculate the third ratio based on the first difference and the voltage drop within the corresponding task period; The minimum value among the first ratio, the second ratio, and the third ratio is selected as the joint power supply licensing factor.

[0012] Preferably, when the readout window ends within the current task cycle, the control module is further configured to perform the following steps: Based on the target energy demand for the next task cycle and the remaining energy storage for the current task cycle, the pulse energy storage unit in the pulse power supply branch is charged.

[0013] Preferably, the target charging time for the pulse energy storage unit to execute the charging mode is calculated between the end of the current task cycle and the start of the next task cycle. The calculation of the target charging time for the pulse energy storage unit to execute the charging mode includes: Calculate the second difference between the target energy requirement in the next task cycle and the remaining energy stored in the pulse energy storage unit at the end of the current task cycle; The target charging time is calculated based on the average charging power and charging efficiency of the pulse energy storage unit during the current task cycle, combined with the second difference.

[0014] Preferably, at the end of the current task cycle, the control module is further configured to perform the following steps: When the energy of a single cycle does not meet the energy balance condition, the quantum current sensor is controlled to execute a reduced operating mode.

[0015] The embodiments of this application include at least the following beneficial effects: This application provides a decoupled power supply control system for a quantum current sensor. This scheme sets up a pulse power supply branch to supply power to the microwave excitation module, frequency sweep drive module, and wireless transmission module in the quantum current sensor according to the input power supply. It also sets up a readout power supply branch to supply power to the photoelectric detection module, analog front-end module, phase-locked sampling module, and reference clock module in the quantum current sensor according to the input power supply. Furthermore, it sets up an isolation and switching module to electrically isolate and switch the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch, thereby achieving mutual decoupling between the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply circuit, reducing the interference of pulse current disturbance, switching voltage regulation noise, and reference ground fluctuations on the readout link. Then, in the control module, the working state and power supply state of the quantum current sensor are controlled by combining the task requirement energy model, energy storage state determination, power supply permission control, readout window silent power supply, and pre-charge and recharge scheduling mechanism. This enables differentiated power supply management for the excitation load and the readout load, thereby effectively improving the operational stability, fluorescence detection stability, and detection accuracy of the quantum current sensor during current detection. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a decoupled power supply control system for a quantum current sensor provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a data processing flowchart in the control module provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the silent power supply timing of the readout window provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of power supply permit determination and pre-charge / recharge scheduling provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit it. In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with those of this application; they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of this application.

[0018] It is understood that the terms “first,” “second,” etc., used in this application may be used herein to describe various concepts, but unless otherwise stated, these concepts are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one concept from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the words “if,” “when,” or “in response to a determination” as used herein may be interpreted as “when…” or “when…” or “in response to a determination.”

[0019] As used in this application, the terms "at least one", "multiple", "each", "any", etc., "at least one" includes one, two or more, "multiple" includes two or more, "each" refers to each of the corresponding multiples, and "any" refers to any one of the multiples.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0021] In related technologies, NV center (nitrogen-vacancy center) quantum current sensors utilize the high sensitivity of NV centers in diamond to magnetic fields to achieve current detection. The NV center quantum current sensor includes an excitation link and a readout link. The excitation link is used to establish and control the spin state of the NV center, while the readout link is used to extract fluorescence changes or corresponding electrical signals and invert the measured current information.

[0022] Currently, in the engineering implementation of NV center quantum current sensors, the power supply characteristics of different functional links vary significantly. Specifically, microwave excitation, frequency sweep drive, and wireless transmission typically exhibit pulsed or dynamic power consumption loads, while photoelectric detection, analog front-end amplification, phase-locked sampling, and reference clock are more sensitive to power supply noise and voltage fluctuations. However, existing NV center quantum current sensors do not isolate the power supply processes of the excitation and readout links. This allows pulse current disturbances, switching regulation noise, and reference ground fluctuations during the excitation process to easily propagate to the readout link via the power supply network or coupling path, affecting the stability of fluorescence detection and demodulation accuracy.

[0023] Meanwhile, in passive or low-power online monitoring scenarios, the existing NV color center quantum current sensor does not have a power management mechanism, which can lead to problems such as rapid drop in energy storage voltage when the excitation task is started, increased power supply noise in the readout window, and blind start of tasks under insufficient power supply when the available power is limited, thus affecting the stable operation of the NV color center quantum current sensor.

[0024] In view of this, this application provides a decoupled power supply control system for a quantum current sensor, which can effectively improve the operational stability, fluorescence detection stability and detection accuracy of the quantum current sensor during current detection.

[0025] The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application provides a decoupled power supply control system for a quantum current sensor. The control system includes a pulse power supply branch, a readout power supply branch, an isolation and switching module, and a control module. The pulse power supply branch supplies power to the microwave excitation module, frequency sweep drive module, and wireless transmission module in the quantum current sensor based on the input power supply, to meet the high instantaneous power and dynamic load requirements of the excitation side. The readout power supply branch supplies power to the photoelectric detection module, analog front-end module, phase-locked sampling module, and reference clock module in the quantum current sensor based on the input power supply, to ensure that the readout link operates under low ripple and low disturbance conditions. Specifically, the pulse power supply branch is equipped with a pulse energy storage unit, a pulse voltage regulator unit, and a pre-charge control unit, while the readout power supply branch is equipped with a readout energy storage unit, a low-noise voltage regulator unit, and a silent power supply control unit. This allows the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch to be separated from each other in terms of energy storage units, voltage regulator units, and switching control paths. Furthermore, the isolation and switching modules are used to electrically isolate and switch the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch, thereby reducing the possibility of pulse current disturbances, switching voltage regulation noise, and reference ground potential fluctuations in the excitation link coupling to the readout link.

[0026] Specifically, in this embodiment, the pulse power supply branch is used to power pulse-type or dynamically sensitive loads in the excitation link, including microwave excitation modules, frequency sweep drive modules, and / or wireless transmission modules. The readout power supply branch is used to power noise-sensitive loads in photodetection, analog amplification, phase-locked sampling, and reference clock, including photodetection modules, analog front-end modules, phase-locked sampling modules, and reference clock modules. This embodiment uses isolation and switching modules to decouple and suppress the transmission of pulse current disturbances and switching regulation noise level reference ground voltage fluctuations in the excitation link to the readout link, thereby reducing the possibility of pulse current disturbances, switching regulation noise, and reference ground potential fluctuations in the excitation link coupling to the readout link.

[0027] Specifically, in this embodiment, the input power received on the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch can be power processed by the energy input module and the pre-stage power conditioning circuit. The energy input module can receive power from an external stable power source or from the front-end energy harvesting unit. The front-end energy harvesting unit includes, but is not limited to, a light-powered unit, an inductive energy harvesting unit, or other low-power energy supply modules; this embodiment does not limit the specific source of the input power. The output of the energy input module first enters the pre-stage power conditioning circuit, and then distributes energy to the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch respectively. To avoid the large dynamic current on the excitation side directly superimposed on the readout side, the two branches in this embodiment are each equipped with an independent energy storage unit and a voltage regulator unit, thereby achieving independent power supply functionality.

[0028] In this embodiment, the pulse energy storage unit on the pulse power supply branch releases energy to the pulse power supply branch during microwave excitation, frequency sweep drive, and / or wireless transmission missions. This satisfies the transient power requirements during short-term high peak current, frequency switching, and data transmission, and reduces the impact on the energy input module and the front-end power conditioning circuit at mission startup. The readout energy storage unit on the readout power supply branch provides low-ripple, stable power to the low-noise readout branch within the fluorescence signal sampling, phase-locked loop (PLL) sampling, or resonant point readout window, enabling the photodetector module, analog front-end module, PLL sampling module, and reference clock module to operate under low-ripple, low-disturbance conditions. Unlike existing unified bus power supply methods, this embodiment does not simply connect the excitation link and readout link in parallel to the same energy storage node. Instead, it separates the two types of links on the energy storage path and voltage regulation path, and uses isolation and switching modules to suppress the propagation of excitation-side pulse current disturbances, switching voltage regulation noise, and reference ground potential fluctuations to the readout link.

[0029] Specifically, the pulse energy storage unit in this embodiment can be a supercapacitor, a pulse capacitor array, a high-rate lithium battery, or a combination thereof, and its terminal voltage and releaseable energy are used for subsequent power supply permission determination. The readout energy storage unit can be a low-leakage capacitor, a tantalum capacitor, a solid-state capacitor, a film capacitor, a small-capacity secondary battery, or a combination thereof, which can provide instantaneous power supply support for the readout link within the readout window, enabling the switching regulator (pulse regulator unit) to enter a freeze, turn-off, or fixed duty cycle state, thereby reducing the impact of switching noise and pulse branch current disturbances on the readout link. The isolation and switching module can employ an ideal diode circuit, a MOSFET anti-reverse current circuit, a current-limiting switch, an LC filter isolation network, a π-type filter network, or a combination thereof.

[0030] It is understood that the microwave excitation module in the quantum current sensor of this embodiment is used to generate a microwave excitation signal acting on the NV color center sensing unit to modulate the electron spin energy level of the NV color center and form a photodetector magnetic resonance response; the frequency sweep drive module is used to drive the microwave excitation signal to perform frequency scanning or frequency point switching according to a preset frequency sweep range, frequency sweep step and dwell time to obtain or track the resonance frequency of the NV color center; the wireless transmission module is used to send the measurement results, energy storage status, task permission status or alarm information of the front end of the quantum current sensor to the back end processing unit. Specifically, since the microwave excitation module, frequency sweep drive module and wireless transmission module have high transient power and dynamic current requirements during startup, frequency sweep switching, power amplification or data transmission, this embodiment supplies power to the microwave excitation module, frequency sweep drive module and wireless transmission module through a pulse power supply branch.

[0031] The photodetector module receives the fluorescence signal generated by the NV color center under the action of laser and microwave, and converts the fluorescence intensity change into photocurrent or photovoltage signal. The analog front-end module amplifies, low-noise amplifies, filters, and biases the weak signal output by the photodetector module. The phase-locked sampling module synchronously samples and demodulates the analog front-end output signal according to the reference modulation signal, sweep frequency synchronization signal, or microwave modulation reference signal to extract the fluorescence change, resonant frequency shift, or demodulation error signal related to the measured current. The reference clock module provides a unified clock reference for sweep frequency drive, phase-locked sampling, analog-to-digital conversion, digital processing, and task timing control. Since the photodetector module, analog front-end module, phase-locked sampling module, and reference clock module are sensitive to power supply ripple, reference ground disturbance, and clock jitter, this embodiment supplies power to the photodetector module, analog front-end module, phase-locked sampling module, and reference clock module through a readout power supply branch.

[0032] It is understood that the control module in this embodiment is similar to... Figure 1 The various modules or units within it interact with each other, and adjust the operating state and power supply mode of the quantum current sensor based on the collected data. Specifically, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the control module in this embodiment is used to perform the following steps: Step S210: Obtain the task type, branch voltage, branch current, and duration within the current task cycle; Step S220: Construct a task energy requirement model based on task type, branch voltage, branch current, and duration; Step S230: Calculate the joint power supply permitting factor based on the available power supply capacity of the pulse power supply branch and the task requirement energy model; Step S240: Control the operating state of the quantum current sensor according to the power supply permission factor, and control the power supply state of the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch to the quantum current sensor.

[0033] It is understood that the branch voltage in this embodiment can be the terminal voltage of the pulse energy storage unit or the readout power supply branch bus voltage, and the branch current can be the pulse branch power supply current. This embodiment can construct a task demand energy model for the corresponding task cycle based on the data collected within each task cycle. Specifically, the process of constructing the task demand energy model in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, the following steps: When the task type includes microwave excitation task type, the microwave excitation energy is calculated based on the branch voltage, the branch current and the duration corresponding to the microwave excitation task; When the task type includes frequency sweep task type, the frequency sweep drive energy is calculated based on the branch voltage, branch current and duration corresponding to the frequency sweep task; When the task type includes wireless transmission task type, the wireless transmission energy is calculated based on the branch voltage, branch current and duration corresponding to the wireless transmission task. When the task type includes digital control processing task type, status acquisition processing task type or data processing task type, the digital processing energy is calculated based on the branch voltage, branch current and duration corresponding to the digital control processing task, status acquisition processing task or data processing task. A task requirement energy model is constructed based on the energy required for frequency sweeping drive, wireless transmission, and digital processing, combined with switching loss and safety margin energy.

[0034] Specifically, the process of constructing the task demand energy model in this embodiment can be achieved by obtaining the frequency sweep drive energy, wireless transmission energy, digital processing energy, switching loss energy, and safety margin energy in each task cycle, and then constructing the task demand energy model for the corresponding task cycle based on the frequency sweep drive energy, wireless transmission energy, digital processing energy, switching loss energy, and safety margin energy in each task cycle.

[0035] For example, taking the k-th task cycle as an example, the energy demand model for this embodiment is as follows: ; In the formula, This represents the energy required for the task during the k-th task cycle; This represents the microwave excitation energy during the k-th mission cycle; This represents the sweep frequency drive energy during the k-th task cycle; This represents the wireless transmission energy during the k-th mission cycle; This represents the digital processing energy during the k-th task cycle; This represents the energy loss during the switching process in the k-th task cycle; This represents the safety margin energy during the k-th mission cycle.

[0036] Among them, microwave excitation energy, frequency sweep drive energy, wireless transmission energy, and digital processing energy can be calculated based on the voltage and current integration of the corresponding branches during the mission duration. Switching losses are calculated by adding up the energy based on the effective switching count and the turn-on and turn-off losses during the mission cycle. The safety margin energy is used to prevent power outages during mission execution due to energy estimation errors, device parameter fluctuations, or external power supply fluctuations.

[0037] Specifically, in the process of constructing the task demand energy model in this embodiment, the task type within the current task cycle is first identified. If the task type within the current task cycle includes microwave excitation tasks, the microwave excitation energy is included. When the current cycle includes a frequency sweep task, the frequency sweep drive energy is included. When the current period includes a wireless transmission mission, the wireless transmission energy is included. When the current cycle includes digital control processing tasks, status acquisition processing tasks, or data processing tasks, digital processing energy is included. Simultaneously, the switching losses of voltage regulators or switching devices are also added. And a safety margin of energy reserved to avoid power outages during the mission. Therefore, the mission energy requirement model can be dynamically updated according to changes in the working mode, avoiding the blind initiation of microwave excitation, frequency sweep drive, or wireless transmission missions under low power conditions.

[0038] Specifically, the microwave excitation energy can be calculated by integrating the product of the branch voltage and the branch current corresponding to the microwave excitation task based on the duration of the microwave excitation task. The calculation formula is as follows: ; The calculation process for the frequency sweep drive energy can be obtained by integrating the product of the branch voltage and branch current corresponding to the frequency sweep task based on the duration of the frequency sweep task. The calculation formula is as follows: ; The calculation of wireless transmission energy can be obtained by integrating the product of the branch voltage and branch current corresponding to the wireless transmission task based on the duration of the wireless transmission task. The calculation formula is as follows: ; The calculation of digital processing energy can be obtained by integrating the product of the branch voltage and branch current corresponding to the digital control processing task, status acquisition processing task, or data processing task based on the duration of the task. The calculation formula is as follows: ; The formula for calculating energy loss during switchover is as follows: ; In the formula, , , and These represent the start and end nodes of the branch voltage, branch current, and duration corresponding to the microwave excitation task within the k-th task cycle, respectively. , , and These represent the start and end nodes of the branch voltage, branch current, and duration corresponding to the frequency sweep task within the k-th task cycle, respectively. , , and These represent the start and end nodes of the branch voltage, branch current, and duration corresponding to the wireless transmission task within the k-th task cycle, respectively. , , and These represent the start and end nodes of the branch voltage, branch current, and duration corresponding to the digital control processing task, status acquisition processing task, or data processing task within the k-th task cycle, respectively. This represents the number of valid switches within the k-th task cycle; and Let represent the conduction loss and turn-off loss during the j-th effective handover, respectively.

[0039] It is understood that, after calculating the energy requirement model for the task, this embodiment can calculate the joint power supply permitting factor by combining the available power supply capacity of the pulse power supply branch. Specifically, the calculation process of the joint power supply permitting factor in this embodiment includes the following steps: Based on the current voltage state of the pulse energy storage unit in the pulse power supply branch, calculate the releaseable energy of the pulse energy storage unit before the start of the current task in the current task cycle. Calculate the voltage drop of the pulse energy storage unit based on the output current of the pulse power supply branch during the current task. The joint power supply permitting factor is calculated based on the releasable energy, voltage drop, and mission-required energy model.

[0040] Specifically, taking the k-th task cycle as an example, the energy that the pulse energy storage unit can release before the start of the k-th task. The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, This represents the equivalent capacitance of the pulse energy storage unit; This represents the terminal voltage of the pulse energy storage unit before the k-th task begins; This indicates the lower limit voltage at which discharge is permitted.

[0041] This embodiment can release energy. The calculation formula reflects the maximum effective energy that can be released in the current mission cycle without using the pulse energy storage unit and dropping below the minimum allowable operating voltage.

[0042] In addition to energy constraints, this embodiment also considers voltage dip constraints during pulsed task execution. Specifically, this includes the voltage dip of the pulsed energy storage unit during the task. The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, This indicates the branch current of the pulse power supply branch during task execution; This represents the pulse duration of the k-th task cycle; This indicates the pulse start time of the kth task cycle.

[0043] When the pulse power supply branch outputs approximately a constant current, the formula for calculating the voltage drop of the pulse energy storage unit during the task can be approximated as follows: ; In the formula, It represents the equivalent average current of the pulse power supply branch during the k-th task cycle.

[0044] As can be seen from the above formula, if the pulse duration is too long or the pulse current is too large, even if the energy can be theoretically released to meet the task requirements, the microwave driver, RF switch or transmitter module may malfunction due to the excessive instantaneous voltage drop.

[0045] Therefore, this embodiment does not use a single voltage threshold to determine whether a pulse task or readout task is started. Instead, it constructs a joint power supply permitting factor for judgment. The construction process of the joint power supply permitting factor can be as follows: calculate the first ratio of the energy that can be released within each task cycle to the corresponding value of the energy model of the task requirement; calculate the second ratio of the maximum peak current allowed to be output by the pulse power supply branch within each task cycle to the required peak current; calculate the first difference between the terminal voltage of the pulse energy storage unit before the current task starts within each task cycle and the allowable discharge lower limit voltage of the pulse energy storage unit; and calculate the third ratio based on the first difference and the voltage drop within the corresponding task cycle. Then, select the minimum value among the first ratio, the second ratio, and the third ratio as the joint power supply permitting factor.

[0046] Specifically, taking the k-th task cycle as an example, the formula for calculating the joint power supply permit factor is as follows: ; In the formula, This represents the joint power supply permitting factor during the k-th task cycle; This represents the energy that can be released during the k-th task cycle; This indicates the maximum peak current that the pulse power supply branch is allowed to output; This represents the peak current required during the k-th task cycle; This represents the terminal voltage of the pulse energy storage unit before the current task is started within the k-th task cycle; This indicates the lower limit voltage at which the pulse energy storage unit can discharge. This represents the voltage drop during the k-th task cycle; min indicates taking the minimum value.

[0047] It is understood that, in this embodiment, after calculating the joint power supply permitting factor for the current task cycle, the joint power supply permitting factor is compared with a first threshold to control the operating state and power supply state of the quantum current sensor. Specifically, the judgment and control process in this embodiment includes the following steps: When the combined power supply permission factor is less than the first threshold, the quantum current sensor is controlled to prohibit the execution of the current pulse task in the current task cycle and the quantum current sensor is controlled to enter the pre-charge mode or the degraded working mode. When the combined power supply permission factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold, control the quantum current sensor to execute the current pulse task within the current task cycle, so as to control the pulse power supply branch to supply power to the quantum current sensor; When the readout window of the current task cycle is executed, the quantum current sensor is controlled to execute the current readout task of the current task cycle, so as to shut down the pulse power supply branch to power the quantum current sensor and control the readout power supply branch to power the quantum current sensor.

[0048] Specifically, the construction process of the power supply permitting factor in this embodiment includes three aspects: energy constraints, peak current constraints, and voltage sag constraints. First, according to First, determine whether the releaseable energy of the pulse energy storage unit before the start of the kth mission is sufficient to support the total energy demand of the current mission cycle; second, based on... Determine whether the maximum peak current allowed to be output by the pulse power supply branch can meet the transient current requirements during microwave excitation, frequency sweep drive, or wireless transmission; furthermore, based on... Determine whether the expected voltage drop of the pulse energy storage unit during task execution will cause the terminal voltage to fall below the allowable discharge lower limit. Taking a first threshold of 1 as an example, since... The minimum value among the three constraint ratios is taken; therefore, the condition is met only if all three conditions—energy, peak current, and voltage sag—are satisfied. Only then will it not be less than 1. If When the pulse energy storage unit's energy reserve, peak output capability, and voltage holding capability all meet the current task requirements, the current pulse task can be executed; when If the signal is not met, it indicates that at least one power supply constraint is not satisfied, therefore the current pulse task is prohibited and the system enters a pre-charge mode or a degraded operating mode. In this embodiment, the degraded operating mode includes one or more of the following: reducing the number of sweep points, shortening the microwave excitation duration, delaying the wireless transmission task, reducing the task duty cycle, or extending the interval between adjacent task cycles.

[0049] It is understandable that when the quantum current sensor enters the fluorescence readout or phase-locked sampling stage, silent power supply control of the readout window is executed, and the timing relationship is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, after the readout window begins, a suppression command is sent to the pulse power supply branch, causing it to suspend unnecessary high dynamic power consumption operations. Simultaneously, the switching regulator enters a shutdown, freeze, or fixed duty cycle state to prevent high-frequency switching noise from continuing to be injected into the power supply network. At this time, the photodetector module, analog front-end module, phase-locked sampling module, and reference clock module are powered only by the readout power supply branch, thus creating a relatively quiet, low-disturbance power supply environment during the readout window. Note that the control process in this embodiment does not simply refer to the use of a low-noise regulator, but rather to the timing-based restriction of high dynamic loads and high-frequency switching operations within the readout window, ensuring that the photodetector module, analog front-end module, phase-locked sampling module, and reference clock module operate under low-ripple, low-disturbance power supply conditions.

[0050] Specifically, in the readout window Within this embodiment, the control module outputs a silence control signal, causing the switching regulator to enter any of the following states: off, frozen, or fixed duty cycle. Simultaneously, the readout energy storage unit and the low-noise voltage regulator unit supply power to the readout link. Within this readout window, the pre-charge control unit suspends the high-current pre-charge or recharge operation of the pulse energy storage unit, the wireless transmission module does not transmit high-peak current, and the frequency sweep drive module does not perform frequency switching operations that would cause significant disturbances to the power supply bus. For the microwave excitation signal that must be maintained during the readout process, the control module keeps it in a preset stable operating state to avoid significant power surges or frequent switching within the readout window.

[0051] When the NV center quantum current sensor enters the fluorescence readout window or phase-locked sampling window, it switches to low-noise readout mode, i.e., executes the current readout task. In this mode, the pulse power supply branch suspends unnecessary high dynamic power consumption operations, the switching regulator enters a turn-off, freeze, or fixed duty cycle state, and the readout link is powered only by the low-noise readout branch. To ensure power supply stability within the readout window, the equivalent capacitance of the readout energy storage unit is... Satisfy the following formula: ; In the formula, This indicates the current of the power supply branch read out within the readout window; This indicates the maximum allowable voltage fluctuation within the power supply branch.

[0052] When the readout power supply branch operates at approximately constant current, ensuring the power supply stability of the readout power supply branch within the readout window, the equivalent capacitance of the readout energy storage unit in this embodiment is... Satisfy the following formula: ; In the formula, This indicates the average current within the read window. Indicates the duration of the readout window.

[0053] Based on the above formula for equivalent capacitance, this embodiment can perform a fixed-capacity design for the readout energy storage unit according to the length of the readout window and the average power consumption of the readout power supply link, so as to improve the working stability of the quantum current sensor.

[0054] To further constrain the power supply quality within the readout window, this embodiment reads the root mean square ripple of the bus voltage of the power supply branch. Satisfy the following formula: ; In the formula, This indicates that the voltage of the power supply branch bus is read out within the readout window. The average value; and This represents the upper limit of the root mean square of the ripple.

[0055] This embodiment, through constraint control of the root mean square of ripple, can significantly reduce the impact of power supply fluctuations on the fluorescence signal baseline and phase-locked detection results during the readout window.

[0056] In addition to silent power supply control, this embodiment also constrains the perturbation propagation from the excitation link to the readout link in the quantum current sensor via the power supply network. The perturbation propagation relationship from the excitation link to the readout link is as follows: ; In the formula, This represents the Laplace transform of the disturbance voltage coupled from the excitation link to the readout link via the power supply network; This represents the Laplace transform of the pulse-powered branch current. This represents the disturbance transfer function from the pulse power supply branch to the readout power supply branch.

[0057] This embodiment introduces an ideal diode, a backflow prevention switch, a current limiting unit, and an LC or π-type filter network into the isolation and switching module, thereby enabling the readout of the sensitive frequency band... The inner content satisfies the following formula: ; In the formula, This is the preset upper limit for disturbance propagation; Indicates in sensitive frequency bands Disturbance transfer function The exact value.

[0058] Understandably, in the readout window Within the pulse voltage regulator unit, the control signal of the switching regulator satisfies the following formula: ; In the formula, This indicates the drive control quantity of the switching regulator; This indicates the silent hold value, which corresponds to any one of the following states: off, frozen, or fixed duty cycle.

[0059] It is understood that in this embodiment, at the end of the readout window, the control module will execute a charging mode on the pulse energy storage unit in the pulse power supply branch based on the target energy demand of the next task cycle and the remaining energy storage of the current task cycle. The charging modes in this embodiment include a pre-charge mode or a recharge mode, and their scheduling relationship is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0060] Specifically, in this embodiment, the process of calculating the target charging time for the pulse energy storage unit to execute the charging mode can be achieved by calculating the second difference between the target energy demand in the next task cycle and the remaining energy stored in the pulse energy storage unit at the end of the current task cycle, and then calculating the target charging time based on the average charging power and charging efficiency of the pulse energy storage unit during the current task cycle, combined with the second difference.

[0061] For example, taking the k-th task cycle as the current task cycle, the shortest pre-charging time (target charging time) from the end of the k-th task cycle to the start of the (k+1)-th task cycle. Satisfy the following formula: ; In the formula, This indicates the target energy requirement for the next task cycle; This represents the remaining energy stored in the pulse energy storage unit after the end of the kth task cycle. Indicates charging efficiency; This represents the average charging power of the pulse energy storage unit.

[0062] It is understood that in this embodiment, at the end of the current task cycle, if the power supply capacity of the pulse energy storage unit is sufficient, the next task cycle will be entered after the shortest pre-charge time is reached; if the power supply capacity of the pulse energy storage unit is insufficient, i.e., the energy of a single cycle does not meet the energy balance condition, the pre-charge time will be extended or a degraded mode will be entered, ensuring that the readout link receives stable power first. The energy balance condition is defined by the following formula: ; In the formula, This represents the average input power of the quantum current sensor. Indicates the duration of a single-cycle task; This represents the total energy loss during the k-th task cycle.

[0063] For example, when the allowable discharge lower limit voltage of the pulse energy storage unit 3.6V; Read the equivalent capacitance of the energy storage unit. The readout window duration is 0.01F. The average current within the readout window is 8ms. for Read the maximum allowable voltage fluctuation of the branch. It is 20mV.

[0064] In the current k-th mission cycle, the microwave excitation module operates at 5V, with an average current of 0.18A and a duration of 5ms; the sweep frequency drive module operates at 3.3V, with an average current of 30mA and a duration of 5ms; the wireless transmission module operates at 3.3V, with an average current of 80mA and a duration of 2ms; and the digital control and data processing module operates at 3.3V, with an average current of 20mA and a duration of 10ms. Energy is lost during switching of voltage regulators or switching devices. Take 0.5mJ as the safety margin energy. Take 1.0 mJ. Therefore, the energy required for this task cycle can be obtained. It is 7.683 mJ.

[0065] Control module according to The calculated energy release capacity of the pulse energy storage unit is approximately 234 mJ. Based on the current and duration of each pulse load during the mission, the voltage drop across the pulse energy storage unit is estimated. Approximately 14.1mV. This is the maximum peak current allowed to be output by the pulse power supply branch. The peak current required for the current task is 0.6A. If the current combined power supply permitting factor is approximately 0.23A, then the combined power supply permitting factor for the current task cycle satisfies: ; because The control module allows the execution of the current pulse task. During the execution of the current pulse task, the microwave excitation module, the frequency sweep drive module, and the wireless transmission module are powered by the pulse energy storage unit, and the energy input module does not directly bear the entire transient power impact.

[0066] After the current pulse task is completed, the signal readout window is entered. The control module switches to execute the current readout task, i.e., executes the low-noise readout mode, causing the switching regulator to enter a frozen state, a shutdown state, or a fixed duty cycle state, and suspending the high-current pre-charging or recharging operation of the pulse energy storage unit. At this time, the photoelectric detection module, analog front-end module, phase-locked sampling module, and reference clock module are powered by the readout energy storage unit and the low-noise regulator unit. It can be seen that the voltage drop of the readout energy storage unit within the readout window is about 9.6 mV, which is less than the maximum allowable voltage fluctuation of 20 mV in the readout branch. Therefore, the readout energy storage unit can support a stable power supply within this readout window.

[0067] After the readout window ends, the control module resumes pre-charging or recharging of the pulse energy storage unit. If the average charging power of the pulse energy storage unit... It has a power consumption of 20mW and a charging efficiency of [missing information]. If the value is 0.8, then the shortest precharge time required to compensate for the energy consumed in this task is approximately: ; If the planned interval of the next task cycle is greater than the minimum precharge time, the current task duty cycle is maintained; if the planned interval of the next task cycle is less than the minimum precharge time, the control module reduces the number of sweep points, shortens the microwave excitation duration, postpones the wireless transmission task, or extends the interval between adjacent task cycles, thereby entering a degraded working mode.

[0068] Furthermore, when the voltage at the pulse energy storage unit drops to 3.61V, it can release approximately 3.6mJ of energy, which is less than the energy required for the aforementioned task of 7.683mJ. At this time, the combined power supply permission factor is less than 1. Therefore, the control module prohibits the execution of the current pulse task and enters the pre-charge mode or degraded working mode. The next cycle task will be allowed to be executed only after the voltage at the pulse energy storage unit recovers to meet the power supply permission conditions.

[0069] As can be seen from the above, the decoupled power supply control system for a quantum current sensor provided in this application constructs a power supply structure in which the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch are decoupled. Combined with the task requirement energy model, energy storage state determination, power supply permission control, silent power supply of the readout window, and pre-charge and recharge scheduling mechanism, it can realize differentiated power supply management for the excitation load and the readout load. It can also effectively suppress the impact of pulse current disturbance, switching voltage regulation noise, and reference ground fluctuation on the photoelectric readout link, improve the stability and demodulation accuracy of fluorescence detection, avoid blindly starting the excitation task under insufficient energy storage conditions, and take into account pulse driving capability, low noise readout capability, and continuous system operation capability. It is suitable for passive or low power consumption online monitoring scenarios.

[0070] The embodiments described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0071] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown, or combine certain steps, or different steps.

[0072] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will understand that the functional modules / units in the systems and devices disclosed above can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and appropriate combinations thereof.

[0074] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0075] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0076] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed system can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of the units described above is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, or indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0077] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0078] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0079] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and substance of the embodiments of the present application shall be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A decoupled power supply control system for a quantum current sensor, characterized in that, The control system includes: A pulse power supply branch is used to supply power to the microwave excitation module, the frequency sweep drive module and the wireless transmission module in the quantum current sensor according to the input power supply. The readout power supply branch is used to supply power to the photoelectric detection module, analog front-end module, phase-locked sampling module and reference clock module in the quantum current sensor according to the input power supply; An isolation and switching module is used to electrically isolate and switch the power supply between the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch; The control module is used to perform the following steps: Obtain the task type, branch voltage, branch current, and duration within the current task cycle; A task energy requirement model is constructed based on the task type, the branch voltage, the branch current, and the duration. Calculate the joint power supply permitting factor based on the available power supply capacity of the pulse power supply branch and the task requirement energy model; The operating state of the quantum current sensor is controlled according to the power supply permission factor, and the power supply state of the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch to the quantum current sensor is also controlled.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of controlling the operating state of the quantum current sensor according to the power supply permission factor, and controlling the power supply state of the pulse power supply branch and the readout power supply branch to the quantum current sensor, includes: When the combined power supply permission factor is less than the first threshold, the quantum current sensor is controlled to prohibit the execution of the current pulse task within the current task cycle and the quantum current sensor is controlled to enter the pre-charge mode or the degraded working mode. When the joint power supply permission factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the quantum current sensor is controlled to execute the current pulse task within the current task cycle, so as to control the pulse power supply branch to supply power to the quantum current sensor; When the readout window of the current task cycle is executed, the quantum current sensor is controlled to execute the current readout task of the current task cycle, so as to shut down the process of the pulse power supply branch supplying power to the quantum current sensor, and control the readout power supply branch to supply power to the quantum current sensor.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of constructing the task energy demand model based on the task type, the branch voltage, the branch current, and the duration includes: When the task type includes a microwave excitation task type, the microwave excitation energy is calculated based on the branch voltage, the branch current, and the duration corresponding to the microwave excitation task. When the task type includes a frequency sweep task type, the frequency sweep drive energy is calculated based on the branch voltage, the branch current and the duration corresponding to the frequency sweep task; When the task type includes a wireless transmission task type, the wireless transmission energy is calculated based on the branch voltage, the branch current, and the duration corresponding to the wireless transmission task. When the task type includes digital control processing task type, status acquisition processing task type or data processing task type, the digital processing energy is calculated based on the branch voltage, the branch current and the duration corresponding to the digital control processing task, status acquisition processing task or data processing task. A task requirement energy model is constructed based on the frequency sweep drive energy, the wireless transmission energy, the digital processing energy, the switching loss energy, and the safety margin energy.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of constructing a task requirement energy model based on the frequency sweep drive energy, the wireless transmission energy, the digital processing energy, the switching loss energy, and the safety margin energy includes: Acquire the frequency sweep drive energy, wireless transmission energy, digital processing energy, switching loss energy, and safety margin energy for each task cycle; Based on the frequency sweep drive energy, wireless transmission energy, digital processing energy, switching loss energy, and safety margin energy within each task cycle, a task requirement energy model is constructed for the corresponding task cycle.

5. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation of microwave excitation energy based on the branch voltage, branch current, and duration corresponding to the microwave excitation task includes: The microwave excitation energy is obtained by integrating the product of the branch voltage and the branch current corresponding to the microwave excitation task based on the duration of the microwave excitation task. The step of calculating the frequency sweep drive energy based on the branch voltage, the branch current, and the duration corresponding to the frequency sweep task includes: The sweep drive energy is obtained by integrating the product of the branch voltage and the branch current corresponding to the sweep task based on the duration of the sweep task. The calculation of wireless transmission energy based on the branch voltage, branch current, and duration corresponding to the wireless transmission task includes: The wireless transmission energy is obtained by integrating the product of the branch voltage and the branch current corresponding to the wireless transmission task based on the duration of the wireless transmission task. The calculation of digital processing energy based on the branch voltage, branch current, and duration corresponding to the digital control processing task, status acquisition processing task, or data processing task includes: The digital processing energy is obtained by integrating the product of the branch voltage and the branch current corresponding to the digital control processing task, status acquisition processing task, or data processing task based on the duration of the digital control processing task, status acquisition processing task, or data processing task.

6. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation of the joint power supply permitting factor based on the available power supply capacity of the pulse power supply branch and the task requirement energy model includes: Based on the current voltage state of the pulse energy storage unit in the pulse power supply branch, calculate the releaseable energy of the pulse energy storage unit before the start of the current task in the current task cycle. The voltage drop of the pulse energy storage unit is calculated based on the output current of the pulse power supply branch during the execution of the current task. The joint power supply permitting factor is calculated based on the releasable energy, the voltage drop, and the mission energy requirement model.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The calculation of the joint power supply permitting factor based on the releasable energy, the voltage drop, and the mission energy requirement model includes: Calculate the first ratio of the releasable energy to the corresponding value of the energy requirement model for the task within each task cycle; Calculate the second ratio of the maximum allowed peak current to be output by the pulse power supply branch to the required peak current in each task cycle; Calculate the first difference between the terminal voltage of the pulse energy storage unit and the allowable lower discharge limit voltage of the pulse energy storage unit before the current task starts in each task cycle; Calculate the third ratio based on the first difference and the voltage drop within the corresponding task period; The minimum value among the first ratio, the second ratio, and the third ratio is selected as the joint power supply licensing factor.

8. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the readout window ends at the end of the current task cycle, the control module is further configured to perform the following steps: Based on the target energy demand for the next task cycle and the remaining energy storage for the current task cycle, the pulse energy storage unit in the pulse power supply branch is charged.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, Calculate the target charging time for the pulse energy storage unit to execute the charging mode from the end of the current task cycle to the start of the next task cycle; The calculation of the target charging time for the pulse energy storage unit to execute the charging mode includes: Calculate the second difference between the target energy requirement in the next task cycle and the remaining energy stored in the pulse energy storage unit at the end of the current task cycle; The target charging time is calculated based on the average charging power and charging efficiency of the pulse energy storage unit during the current task cycle, combined with the second difference.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, At the end of the current task cycle, the control module is also configured to perform the following steps: When the energy of a single cycle does not meet the energy balance condition, the quantum current sensor is controlled to execute a reduced operating mode.

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