A polar station-oriented ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device

Abstract

The application provides a kind of ice particle impact driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device for polar scientific research station.The device is composed of multiple self-powered monitoring devices,each self-powered monitoring device includes an ice particle impact energy collection unit for collecting impact energy and collecting event characteristics,a rectification and energy management unit for rectifying the electrical signal output by the ice particle impact energy collection unit,a energy storage unit for storing the electrical energy converted from the electrical signal,a sensing monitoring unit for real-time monitoring of environmental parameters,an event recognition unit for extracting event characteristics from the electrical signal output by the ice particle impact energy collection unit and outputting event type, event intensity classification and warning information,and a wireless transmission unit for transmitting the above information.The application realizes distributed, self-powered and maintenance-free monitoring and early warning for key parts of polar scientific research station, and improves the intelligent operation and maintenance level of polar infrastructure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of self-powered sensing technology, specifically to a monitoring and early warning device for self-powered micro-energy driven by ice particle impact for polar research stations. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of polar scientific research activities and polar infrastructure construction, polar research stations have gradually formed integrated systems that combine living support, energy supply, communication observation, and equipment operation and maintenance. Because polar research stations are located in complex environments characterized by low temperatures, strong winds, snowfall, ice pellet erosion, snow cover, and freeze-thaw cycles, parts such as building roofs, windward exterior walls, photovoltaic modules, pipeline supports, and equipment cabin shells are susceptible to continuous impact or friction from ice pellets, ice crystals, snow pellets, and snow-laden solid particles, posing a certain threat to the overall safety of the polar research stations.

[0003] Given the safety threats faced by polar research stations, long-term monitoring of external environmental parameters and the structural stability of the station is necessary during operation. In actual operation, external monitoring nodes are typically scattered, with some located in areas inconvenient for manual inspection, such as roof edges, high on exterior walls, behind photovoltaic arrays, or on outdoor supports. Existing monitoring methods largely rely on external power lines, battery-powered sensors, or periodic manual inspections. However, external power lines face difficulties in deployment and reliability degradation under low temperatures, snow cover, and strong winds; batteries experience significant capacity degradation and are difficult to replace and maintain in low-temperature environments; and manual inspections are easily limited by the risks of polar nights, blizzards, and low-temperature operations.

[0004] Given the limitations of traditional monitoring methods, self-powered sensing technology has gradually become an important direction for distributed environmental monitoring in recent years. Among these, nano-triboelectric power generation technology can convert low-frequency mechanical energy such as contact, sliding, vibration, and impact into electrical signals, which can be used for micro-energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. For example, existing technologies have already developed solutions that utilize raindrops, snow particles, wind vibration, or other mechanical excitations to generate electricity and power low-power sensors or wireless communication modules.

[0005] Nevertheless, existing self-powered sensing solutions mostly focus on generating electrical energy using snow particles or mechanical excitation, or using the output signal as a simple trigger signal, without effectively utilizing the event information contained in the solid particle impact signal in the polar research station scenario. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide an ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device for enabling sensors to be self-powered and risk event identification in complex environments at polar research stations.

[0007] Technical solution: A monitoring and early warning device for self-powered micro-energy supply driven by ice particle impact for polar research stations, comprising:

[0008] Multiple self-powered monitoring devices, each self-powered monitoring device including:

[0009] Ice particle impact energy harvesting unit: It is fixedly installed on the external structure of the polar research station and includes a first friction layer, a second friction layer, an electrode layer and an elastic support layer stacked from top to bottom. The second friction layer is electrically connected to the electrode layer. When the first friction layer and the second friction layer move relative to each other, the electrode layer transmits electrical signals outward. The elastic support layer is used for the resetting of the first friction layer and the second friction layer.

[0010] Rectification and Energy Management Unit: Electrically connected to the electrode layer of the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit, used for rectifying, regulating, and controlling the energy storage of the electrical signal output by the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit;

[0011] Energy storage unit: Electrically connected to the rectifier and energy management unit, used to store the electrical energy transmitted by the rectifier and energy management unit, and to supply power to the outside after the electrical energy reaches a set threshold;

[0012] Sensing and monitoring unit: electrically connected to the energy storage unit, used for real-time monitoring of environmental parameters;

[0013] Event identification unit: electrically connected to the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit and the energy storage unit, used to extract event features from the electrical signals output by the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit, and output event type, event intensity classification and early warning information;

[0014] Wireless transmission unit: electrically connected to energy storage unit, sensing and monitoring unit and event identification unit, used to receive environmental parameters, event types, event intensity classification and early warning information, and transmit them to the outside via wireless communication;

[0015] The event identification units of multiple self-powered monitoring devices are electrically connected to form a self-powered monitoring network and share the extracted event features.

[0016] Specifically, the first friction layer is made of one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, polyimide, and modified polyurethane; the second friction layer is made of one or more of metal, conductive polymer, carbon-based conductive material, and flexible composite electrode material.

[0017] Specifically, the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit also includes a protective layer fixed above the first friction layer and a base layer fixed below the elastic support layer. The base layer is used to bond and fix the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit to the target location.

[0018] Specifically, the rectification and energy management unit includes a rectification circuit, a voltage limiting protection circuit, an energy harvesting management circuit, and a low-power wake-up circuit.

[0019] Specifically, the energy storage unit consists of one or more of the following: supercapacitors, thin-film capacitors, solid-state micro batteries, and low-temperature lithium batteries.

[0020] Specifically, the sensing and monitoring unit includes one or more of the following: temperature sensor, strain sensor, vibration sensor, acceleration sensor, icing state sensor, snow accumulation state sensor, displacement sensor, crack sensor, and photovoltaic panel shading state sensor.

[0021] Specifically, the event identification unit is a programmable gate array or a microcontroller. Event characteristics include one or more of the following: pulse amplitude, pulse rise rate, pulse width, pulse interval, number of pulses per unit time, pulse duration, cumulative number of pulses, cumulative energy, and response time difference between adjacent self-powered monitoring devices. Based on the event characteristics, the event identification unit identifies different types of events and classifies the event intensity according to a preset event identification algorithm. Event types include ice particle impact, wind and snow erosion, snow slippage, ice shedding, or abnormal vibration events of the attached structure of the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit. Then, the event type, event intensity classification, and corresponding early warning information are transmitted to the wireless transmission unit.

[0022] Specifically, the event recognition algorithm includes: receiving the electrical signal output by the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit and extracting event features; when the pulse amplitude of the electrical signal is greater than a preset value, the pulse rise rate is greater than a preset value, the pulse duration is less than a preset value, and the pulse interval is greater than a preset value, it is judged as an ice particle impact event; when the electrical signal presents as a continuous pulse train, the number of pulses per unit time is greater than a preset value, the pulse duration is greater than a preset value, and the accumulated energy continues to rise, it is judged as a wind and snow erosion or snow slippage event; when the response time difference between multiple adjacent self-powered monitoring devices is less than a preset value, the electrical signal presents as a continuous pulse train, and the pulse amplitude is greater than a preset value, it is judged as an ice shedding event; when the electrical signal presents periodic pulse fluctuations, and the pulse amplitude continues to rise, it is judged as an abnormal vibration event of the attached structure of the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit.

[0023] Specifically, the self-powered monitoring device also includes an audible and visual alarm unit, which is electrically connected to the energy storage unit and the event recognition unit. When the pulse amplitude exceeds a set threshold, the number of pulses per unit time exceeds a set threshold, the pulse duration exceeds a set threshold, or the cumulative energy exceeds a set threshold, the audible and visual alarm unit triggers an audible and visual alarm.

[0024] Optionally, the audible and visual alarm unit is also electrically connected to the sensing and monitoring unit. When any environmental parameter collected by the sensing and monitoring unit exceeds the set range, the audible and visual alarm unit triggers an audible and visual alarm.

[0025] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the significant effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. This invention uses an ice particle impact energy harvesting unit to convert the solid impact of ice and snow particles, which have long been considered destructive factors in the polar research station environment, into collectable micro-energy and analyzable event signals. It achieves the integration of energy harvesting and event identification in the polar solid particle impact scenario, and expands the application of nano-triboelectric power generation technology in polar infrastructure monitoring and early warning.

[0027] 2. The device can be powered independently, without the need for external wiring or regular battery replacement. It is driven entirely by natural events, making it particularly suitable for unattended and hard-to-reach outdoor nodes in polar regions. This greatly reduces the safety risks and maintenance costs of manual inspections in extreme environments.

[0028] 3. The monitoring device provided by this invention is in a microampere-level dormant state under normal conditions, and only starts data acquisition and communication operations after being triggered by external events such as ice particle impact, which significantly reduces the average power consumption and makes the energy storage unit sufficient to support multiple alarm cycles.

[0029] 4. By arraying multiple self-powered monitoring devices, the direction of wind and snow impact, the impact area, and the location of abnormal events can be determined based on the differences in the output electrical signals of different nodes, providing distributed sensing means for the health monitoring and refined operation and maintenance of polar building structures. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a monitoring and early warning device for self-powered micro-energy driven by ice particle impact for polar research stations, including:

[0034] Multiple self-powered monitoring devices, each of which includes the following module units:

[0035] Ice particle impact energy harvesting unit: Fixedly installed on the external structure of the polar research station, it includes a first friction layer, a second friction layer, an electrode layer, and an elastic support layer stacked from top to bottom. The electrode layer is electrically connected to the second friction layer, and the electrode layer is also electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the rectification and energy management unit. The other signal input terminal of the rectification and energy management unit is connected to the system reference terminal, ground terminal, or equivalent reference electrode. When solid particles such as ice particles and snow particles collide with or slide across the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit under the drive of strong winds, contact-separation, relative sliding, or periodic deformation occur between the first and second friction layers, and an induced electrical signal is generated between the electrode layer and the system reference terminal. The elastic support layer is used for the reset of the first and second friction layers.

[0036] In this embodiment, the first friction layer is made of one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, polyimide, and modified polyurethane; the second friction layer is made of one or more of metal, conductive polymer, carbon-based conductive material, and flexible composite electrode material. The electrode layer can be selected from metal foil, conductive film, conductive coating, or flexible composite electrode.

[0037] Due to the extreme characteristics of the polar environment, the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit in this embodiment is encapsulated in a low-temperature, weather-resistant manner. An erosion-resistant protective layer is set above the first friction layer, and a base layer is set below the elastic support layer. The base layer is used to bond and fix the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit to the target location of the polar research station. This ensures that the device can operate stably for a long time in environments with low temperatures, strong winds, blowing snow, ice particle erosion, snow cover, and freeze-thaw cycles.

[0038] Rectification and Energy Management Unit: Electrically connected to the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit, used for rectifying, stabilizing, and controlling the energy storage of the electrical signal output by the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit.

[0039] In this embodiment, the rectification and energy management unit includes a rectification circuit, a voltage limiting protection circuit, an energy harvesting management circuit, and a low-power wake-up circuit.

[0040] In this embodiment, the rectifier circuit can be a bridge rectifier circuit to convert the AC or pulse signal output from the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit into a DC signal; the voltage limiting protection circuit can be a Zener diode, a transient suppression diode, or a resistor voltage divider circuit to limit the instantaneous voltage input to the subsequent circuit; the energy harvesting management circuit can be a BQ25504 or a similar ultra-low power energy management chip to boost the rectified micro-energy and store it in the energy storage unit; the low-power wake-up circuit consists of a voltage comparator, a MOSFET load switch, and a low-power power supply gating. The voltage comparator detects the energy storage unit voltage. When the energy storage voltage reaches a preset start-up threshold, it drives the MOSFET load switch to turn on, powering on the sensing unit, event recognition unit, and wireless transmission unit; when the energy storage voltage falls below a preset shutdown threshold, the MOSFET load switch turns off, and the subsequent load enters a sleep state. In this embodiment, the voltage comparator is a TLV3691 or a similar nano-ampere comparator, and the low-power power supply gating is implemented using a TPL5110 or a similar chip.

[0041] Energy storage unit: Electrically connected to the rectifier and energy management unit, used to store the electrical energy transmitted by the rectifier and energy management unit, and to supply power to the outside after the electrical energy reaches a set threshold.

[0042] In this embodiment, the energy storage unit consists of one or more of the following: supercapacitors, thin-film capacitors, solid-state micro-batteries, and low-temperature lithium batteries. These energy storage devices can store intermittent electrical energy generated during ice particle impact and supply power to other module units after the energy storage reaches a preset threshold.

[0043] In this embodiment, the energy storage unit uses a low-leakage supercapacitor, such as the KYOCERA AVXSCMR18F105SRBA0 supercapacitor, or other supercapacitors of equivalent specifications.

[0044] Sensing and monitoring unit: Electrically connected to the energy storage unit, used for real-time monitoring of environmental parameters.

[0045] The sensing and monitoring unit can be configured according to the actual needs of the structure where the self-powered monitoring device is located, including one or more of the following: temperature sensor, strain sensor, vibration sensor, acceleration sensor, icing state sensor, snow accumulation state sensor, displacement sensor, crack sensor, and photovoltaic panel shading state sensor.

[0046] Event identification unit: Electrically connected to the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit and the energy storage unit, it is used to extract event features from the electrical signals output by the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit and output event type, event intensity classification and early warning information.

[0047] The event identification units of multiple self-powered monitoring devices are electrically connected to form a self-powered monitoring network and share the extracted event features.

[0048] In this embodiment, the event identification unit is a programmable gate array or a microcontroller, both of which are low-power devices. The event characteristics include one or more of the following: pulse amplitude, pulse rise rate, pulse width, pulse interval, number of pulses per unit time, pulse duration, cumulative number of pulses, cumulative energy, and response time difference between adjacent self-powered monitoring devices. Based on the event characteristics, the event identification unit identifies different types of events and classifies the event intensity according to a preset event identification algorithm. The event types include ice particle impact, wind and snow erosion, snow slippage, ice shedding, or abnormal vibration events of the attached structure of the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit. Then, the event type, event intensity classification, and corresponding early warning information are transmitted to the wireless transmission unit.

[0049] In this embodiment, an nRF52840 or STM32L series microcontroller is selected as the hardware carrier for the event recognition unit. The pulse electrical signal output by the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit is input to the event recognition unit after voltage division, voltage limiting, and filtering. For analog pulse signals, they can be acquired through the microcontroller's built-in ADC or a low-power external ADC such as ADS1115. For switching pulse signals, they are shaped by a comparator and then input to the microcontroller's interrupt port. The microcontroller acquires the pulse electrical signal within a preset time window and extracts event features. The pulse amplitude is determined by the pulse peak value, the pulse width is determined by the duration of the pulse exceeding a preset threshold, the pulse rise rate is obtained by dividing the pulse peak value by half the pulse width, the pulse interval is determined by the start time difference of adjacent pulses, the number of pulses per unit time is determined by the number of pulses within the preset time window, and the cumulative energy is determined by the square integral of the voltage across the equivalent load. Multiple self-powered monitoring devices obtain the response time difference between adjacent nodes by comparing pulse timestamps.

[0050] In this embodiment, the event recognition algorithm is set as follows: receiving the electrical signal output by the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit and extracting event features; when the pulse amplitude of the electrical signal is greater than a preset value, the pulse rise rate is greater than a preset value, the pulse duration is less than a preset value, and the pulse interval is greater than a preset value, it is judged as an ice particle impact event; when the electrical signal presents as a continuous pulse train, the number of pulses per unit time is greater than a preset value, the pulse duration is greater than a preset value, and the accumulated energy continues to rise, it is judged as a wind and snow erosion or snow slippage event; when the response time difference between multiple adjacent self-powered monitoring devices is less than a preset value, the electrical signal presents as a continuous pulse train, and the pulse amplitude is greater than a preset value, it is judged as an ice shedding event; when the electrical signal presents periodic pulse fluctuations, and the pulse amplitude continues to rise, it is judged as an abnormal vibration event of the attachment structure of the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit.

[0051] Wireless transmission unit: Electrically connected to the energy storage unit, sensing and monitoring unit and event identification unit, used to receive environmental parameters, event types, event intensity levels and early warning information, and transmit them to the outside world via wireless communication.

[0052] In this embodiment, wireless communication may employ LoRa, Bluetooth Low Energy, ZigBee, NB-IoT, satellite short message communication, or other low-power communication methods.

[0053] The audible and visual alarm unit is electrically connected to the energy storage unit, event recognition unit, and sensor monitoring unit. It triggers an alarm when the pulse amplitude exceeds a set threshold, the number of pulses per unit time exceeds a set threshold, the pulse duration exceeds a set threshold, or the accumulated energy exceeds a set threshold. Similarly, it triggers an alarm when any environmental parameter collected by the sensor monitoring unit exceeds a set range, such as when temperature, vibration, strain, icing conditions, snow accumulation, or photovoltaic panel shading exceeds a safety threshold.

[0054] This invention is not only applicable to Antarctic and Arctic research stations, but can also be extended to communication base stations, unmanned weather stations, power transmission towers, border outposts, and other infrastructure that also face the impact of wind and snow and power supply difficulties in high-altitude and cold regions. It has strong scenario expansion capabilities and engineering practical value.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] This embodiment provides an application of the ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device described in Embodiment 1 in a specific scenario.

[0057] In this embodiment, the self-powered monitoring device is installed on the edge of the roof and the eaves area of ​​the polar research station.

[0058] In this embodiment, the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit is designed as a rectangular patch. This strip-shaped patch is first attached to the windward side edge and eaves of the polar research station's roof. The outermost layer of the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit uses a low-temperature resistant polymer film with anti-icing and water-repellent functions as a protective layer, while the bottom layer is tightly bonded to the roof substrate using a flexible adhesive material. When strong winds carry ice chips or snow particles that impact the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit at high speed along the roof edge, the impact causes the internal friction layers to quickly contact and then separate under elastic force, generating a steep voltage spike at each impact moment. If the snow accumulation on the roof surface reaches a certain thickness and begins to slide along the slope towards the eaves, the moving snow and its entrained ice crystals and snow particles will continuously slide and rub against the surface of the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit, outputting a series of relatively stable voltage pulse sequences with a high repetition frequency. The embedded event recognition unit determines the event based on the amplitude of a single pulse, the pulse count per unit time, and the duration of the pulse train: if a high-amplitude isolated pulse is detected without a clear continuous train, it is interpreted as an ice particle impact event; if a dense pulse train lasting several seconds or more is detected, it is interpreted as a snow slippage event. Once the above event characteristics exceed a preset trigger threshold, the wireless communication unit reports the event type, location, and pulse intensity to the centralized monitoring platform within the research station, assisting maintenance personnel in understanding the impact of wind and snow on the roof and the risk level of snow slippage. In this application scenario, the device does not rely on an external power source or battery replacement and can independently complete long-term, continuous status monitoring of the roof edge.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] This embodiment provides an application of the ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device described in Embodiment 1 in a specific scenario.

[0061] In this embodiment, the self-powered monitoring device is installed on the photovoltaic power generation array of the polar research station.

[0062] In this embodiment, the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit is designed as a thin sheet. For the photovoltaic power generation array of the polar research station, the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit is fixed on the outer side of the frame or the non-photosensitive area of ​​the back panel of each photovoltaic panel. The total thickness of the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit does not exceed 2 mm to avoid blocking sunlight and reducing power generation efficiency. The ice particle impact energy harvesting unit responds to two types of mechanical excitation: one is the normal impact of wind-blown ice or snow particles on the frame, generating isolated electrical pulses; the other is the tangential drag of snow on the frame as it slides on the photovoltaic panel surface, generating continuous triboelectric signals. Under clear, snow-free conditions, only sporadic ice particle impacts cause sparse and weak small-amplitude pulses. When snowfall occurs, a snow layer accumulates on the photovoltaic panel surface. Once the snow layer begins to slide off the panel surface under the action of gravity or wind, the sliding snow will repeatedly rub against the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit on the frame. At this time, the pulse frequency and accumulated energy both increase sharply. The event identification unit performs joint analysis with the output pulse characteristics and the output power data of the photovoltaic array itself. If the photovoltaic power drops significantly while the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit outputs a high-frequency pulse train, it can help infer that there is snow accumulation on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and that the snow is in the process of sliding. This auxiliary judgment result is transmitted to the photovoltaic operation and maintenance management platform via the wireless communication unit, prompting staff to pay attention to the snow accumulation and arrange snow removal operations when necessary, thereby improving the automation level of polar photovoltaic power station operation and power generation revenue.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] This embodiment provides an application of the ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device described in Embodiment 1 in a specific scenario.

[0065] In this embodiment, the self-powered monitoring device is installed on the windward exterior wall surface of the polar research station building.

[0066] Multiple miniaturized ice impact energy harvesting units are arranged in an array (e.g., multiple columns horizontally or multiple rows vertically) on the surface of the windward exterior wall of the building, with a focus on locations prone to wind and snow erosion, such as curtain wall panel joints, around door and window openings, and wall corners. Each ice impact energy harvesting unit independently generates a pulse electrical signal. An event recognition unit statistically analyzes the number of pulses per minute, maximum pulse amplitude, and cumulative output energy of the electrical signals from ice impact energy harvesting units at different locations. By comparing the statistical values ​​of each ice impact energy harvesting unit in the array, an isopleth map of ice erosion intensity on the exterior wall is plotted, visually showing the differences in wind and snow erosion at different heights and horizontal sections—for example, the electrical signals corresponding to ice impact energy harvesting units in the lower central area of ​​the building are usually the strongest, while the signals of components near the leeward edge are significantly weaker. During long-term continuous monitoring, if the pulse signal intensity of a certain ice particle impact energy harvesting unit consistently exceeds its historical average value, or if an abnormal sudden spike occurs, the system determines that the area has been subjected to long-term strong wind and snow erosion, potentially posing a risk of accelerated wear of the surface coating or failure of sealing nodes. The system then sends targeted inspection alerts to the maintenance team via wireless communication. This application scenario fully leverages the advantages of the distributed, array-based deployment of this invention, enabling spatially visualized monitoring of the wind and snow impact process on building exterior walls, providing data support for preventative maintenance.

[0067] Example 5

[0068] This embodiment provides an application of the ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device described in Embodiment 1 in a specific scenario.

[0069] In this embodiment, the self-powered monitoring device is installed on the outdoor pipeline support and equipment housing of the polar research station.

[0070] Flat and compact ice particle impact energy harvesting units are installed on outdoor pipe fixing supports, antenna cable supports, equipment cabin shells, and cabin door edges of polar research stations. These units are sensitive not only to direct ice particle impacts but also to minute vibrations generated by the structure itself. Under normal operating conditions, the ice particle impact energy harvesting units output only low-amplitude random pulses caused by ambient winds and extremely weak structural swaying. When strong winds induce support flutter, ice particles bombard the outer wall of the equipment cabin, or the cabin door suffers an accidental impact, the ice particle impact energy harvesting units generate a pulse sequence with a sharply increased amplitude and frequency matching the external excitation characteristics. The event identification unit analyzes the pulse amplitude and spectral characteristics in real time. Once the pulse amplitude exceeds the safety threshold, or the energy in a certain characteristic frequency band (e.g., near the support's natural frequency) continuously increases for more than a specified duration, it is determined to be an abnormal structural vibration or external impact event. At this time, the local audible and visual alarm is activated to issue a warning, and an alarm data packet containing the equipment number, event type, signal strength, and timestamp is sent via the wireless communication unit. This application scenario is particularly suitable for polar nights or unattended situations. It can promptly detect safety hazards such as loose supports, strong wind resonance, or impacts to the outer shell under harsh conditions where personnel cannot go out for inspections, providing critical information support for remote operation and maintenance and emergency response.

Claims

1. A monitoring and early warning device for self-powered micro-energy supply driven by ice particle impact for polar research stations, characterized in that, include: Multiple self-powered monitoring devices, each self-powered monitoring device including: Ice particle impact energy harvesting unit: It is fixedly installed on the external structure of the polar research station and includes a first friction layer, a second friction layer, an electrode layer and an elastic support layer stacked from top to bottom. The second friction layer is electrically connected to the electrode layer. When the first friction layer and the second friction layer move relative to each other, the electrode layer transmits electrical signals outward. The elastic support layer is used for the resetting of the first friction layer and the second friction layer. Rectification and Energy Management Unit: Electrically connected to the electrode layer of the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit, used for rectifying, stabilizing and controlling the energy storage of the electrical signal output by the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit; Energy storage unit: electrically connected to the rectifier and energy management unit, used to store the electrical energy transmitted by the rectifier and energy management unit, and to supply power to the outside after the electrical energy reaches a set threshold; Sensing and monitoring unit: electrically connected to the energy storage unit, used for real-time monitoring of environmental parameters; Event identification unit: electrically connected to the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit and the energy storage unit, used to extract event features from the electrical signals output by the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit, and output event type, event intensity level and early warning information; Wireless transmission unit: electrically connected to energy storage unit, sensing and monitoring unit and event identification unit, used to receive environmental parameters, event types, event intensity classification and early warning information, and transmit them to the outside via wireless communication; The event identification units of multiple self-powered monitoring devices are electrically connected to form a self-powered monitoring network, sharing the extracted event features.

2. The ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device for polar research stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first friction layer is made of one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, polyimide, and modified polyurethane; the second friction layer is made of one or more of metal, conductive polymer, carbon-based conductive material, and flexible composite electrode material.

3. The ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device for polar research stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ice particle impact energy harvesting unit also includes a protective layer fixed above the first friction layer and a base layer fixed below the elastic support layer. The base layer is used to bond and fix the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit to the target position.

4. The ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device for polar research stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectification and energy management unit includes a rectification circuit, a voltage limiting protection circuit, an energy harvesting management circuit, and a low-power wake-up circuit.

5. The ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device for polar research stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage unit is composed of one or more of the following: supercapacitor, thin film capacitor, solid-state micro battery, and low-temperature lithium battery.

6. The ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device for polar research stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing and monitoring unit includes one or more of the following: temperature sensor, strain sensor, vibration sensor, acceleration sensor, icing state sensor, snow accumulation state sensor, displacement sensor, crack sensor, and photovoltaic panel shading state sensor.

7. The ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device for polar research stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The event recognition unit is a programmable gate array or a microcontroller, and the event characteristics include one or more of the following: pulse amplitude, pulse rise rate, pulse width, pulse interval, number of pulses per unit time, pulse duration, cumulative number of pulses, cumulative energy, and response time difference between adjacent self-powered monitoring devices. The event identification unit identifies different types of events and classifies their intensity based on the event characteristics and a preset event identification algorithm. The event types include ice particle impact, wind and snow erosion, snow slippage, ice detachment, or abnormal vibration of the structure attached to the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit. Then, the event type, event intensity classification, and corresponding early warning information are transmitted to the wireless transmission unit.

8. The ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device for polar research stations according to claim 7, characterized in that, The event recognition algorithm includes: receiving the electrical signal output by the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit and extracting event features; when the pulse amplitude of the electrical signal is greater than a preset value, the pulse rise rate is greater than a preset value, the pulse duration is less than a preset value, and the pulse interval is greater than a preset value, it is judged as an ice particle impact event; when the electrical signal presents as a continuous pulse train, the number of pulses per unit time is greater than a preset value, the pulse duration is greater than a preset value, and the accumulated energy continues to rise, it is judged as a wind and snow erosion or snow slippage event; when the response time difference between multiple adjacent self-powered monitoring devices is less than a preset value, the electrical signal presents as a continuous pulse train, and the pulse amplitude is greater than a preset value, it is judged as an ice shedding event; when the electrical signal presents periodic pulse fluctuations, and the pulse amplitude continues to rise, it is judged as an abnormal vibration event of the attached structure of the ice particle impact energy harvesting unit.

9. The ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device for polar research stations according to claim 7, characterized in that: The self-powered monitoring device also includes an audible and visual alarm unit, which is electrically connected to the energy storage unit and the event recognition unit. When the pulse amplitude exceeds a set threshold, the number of pulses per unit time exceeds a set threshold, the pulse duration exceeds a set threshold, or the cumulative energy exceeds a set threshold, the audible and visual alarm unit triggers an audible and visual alarm.

10. The ice particle impact-driven micro-energy self-powered monitoring and early warning device for polar research stations according to claim 9, characterized in that: The audible and visual alarm unit is also electrically connected to the sensing and monitoring unit. When any environmental parameter collected by the sensing and monitoring unit exceeds the set range, the audible and visual alarm unit triggers an audible and visual alarm.

Images