Multi-unit cooperative perception system and control method of multiplexing wind power electromagnetic transceiving node

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic detection, distributed sensing, target reconnaissance and identification and electronic countermeasure, and particularly relates to a multi-unit cooperative sensing system and control method of multiplexed wind power electromagnetic transceiving nodes. The multi-unit cooperative sensing system of multiplexed wind power electromagnetic transceiving nodes configures at least a structural part in the blades, the nacelle and the tower of a wind power generator unit as an electromagnetic functional structure, so that a single wind turbine itself becomes a composite electromagnetic transceiving node, which can independently perform transmitting, receiving or integrated transmitting and receiving tasks. On this basis, multiple wind turbine nodes can form a distributed sensing system within a single wind farm, and multiple wind turbine nodes in multiple wind farms can further expand to form a larger scale cooperative sensing network, realizing joint reconnaissance and processing of targets. While reducing construction cost and deployment difficulty, the effective electromagnetic aperture is expanded, and the low-altitude and near-sea target detection, positioning, tracking and cooperative countermeasure capability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of electromagnetic detection, distributed sensing, target reconnaissance and identification and electronic countermeasures, and specifically relates to a multi-unit collaborative sensing system and control method that reuses wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing number of low-altitude targets, maritime targets, unmanned platforms, slow and small targets, and targets operating in adjacent sea areas, the limitations of traditional electromagnetic sensing systems that rely on a small number of fixed sites or independent array devices are becoming increasingly apparent in terms of coverage, deployment cost, node density, and coordination capabilities.

[0003] From an engineering perspective, wind farms, especially offshore wind farms, possess natural advantages in terms of space and infrastructure: their towers are relatively tall, which can mitigate near-ground shading; their blades are long and have a wide sweep range, providing usable large-scale geometry; the nacelles have space for electronic equipment and control units; the turbines are typically spaced far apart, allowing for a long-baseline sparse distribution; and multiple wind farms can form a larger regional network. Therefore, if the wind turbines themselves can be modified into electromagnetic transceiver and collaborative processing nodes, it is possible to form a large-aperture, distributed, long-baseline reconnaissance and jamming system without adding a large number of independent infrastructures.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies primarily employ three methods: The first is the independent radar, reconnaissance, or spectrum monitoring station method. This method typically utilizes independent antennas, independent sites, and independent power and communication links to achieve target detection, signal reception, or spectrum monitoring. While technologically mature, it requires dedicated sites and supporting facilities, resulting in high construction and maintenance costs. Its effective electromagnetic aperture and site distribution are also largely limited by the conditions of the independent platform. The second method is the externally mounted wind turbine or tower equipment method. This method installs antennas, radars, communication equipment, or monitoring equipment on the wind turbine tower, nacelle, platform, or other high-altitude structures to utilize existing height and installation space. However, in this approach, the wind turbine primarily serves as a mechanical mounting carrier; the blades, tower, and other structural components do not directly constitute an electromagnetic transceiver link, nor does it create a controllable electromagnetic aperture based on the wind turbine itself. The third method employs conventional fixed arrays or phased array systems. These systems achieve beamforming, target measurement, or signal reception through multiple array elements or array surfaces, suitable for high-performance detection or monitoring tasks within fixed areas. However, their array size is usually limited by platform size, site conditions, and engineering space. When deployed across sea areas or expanded to nearshore areas where infrastructure construction is limited, additional platforms, power supply, communication, and calibration facilities are required. However, a common problem with the above-mentioned existing technologies is that the electromagnetic aperture is mainly determined by independent antennas or external equipment, and the large size, high position, rotation, and long baseline distribution resources of the wind turbine body are not fully converted into controllable electromagnetic transceiver capabilities.

[0005] However, existing technologies have the following drawbacks: 1. Wind turbines are often used as equipment installation platforms rather than as electromagnetic functional structures themselves. Natural geometric resources such as blade length, tower height, nacelle location, and turbine spacing are not effectively converted into electromagnetic apertures, observation baselines, or dynamic sampling resources. 2. Independent equipment solutions require separate construction of sites, machine rooms, towers, power supply, and communication links, resulting in high deployment and maintenance costs, especially in offshore, near-shore, island, or infrastructure-constrained areas. 3. While conventional multi-station systems can achieve collaborative observation, they typically require separate node deployment and additional solutions for unified time base, node calibration, phase calibration, amplitude consistency, and data fusion. 4. Existing external solutions often struggle to utilize the time-varying geometric sampling advantages brought about by blade rotation and lack specific control mechanisms for phase center changes, propagation delay changes, self-motion modulation, and polarization attitude changes caused by rotation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a multi-unit collaborative sensing system and control method that reuses wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes to effectively address the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-unit collaborative sensing system that reuses wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes, and a control method for the multi-unit collaborative sensing system that reuses wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes, so as to solve the problem of how to construct composite electromagnetic transceiver nodes using structures such as wind turbine towers, nacelles and blades, and form a distributed sensing and countermeasure system based on a single wind turbine, a single wind farm and multiple wind farms.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A multi-unit collaborative sensing system for reusing wind turbine electromagnetic transceiver nodes comprises at least one composite electromagnetic transceiver node formed by the wind turbine generator body and an on-site control node communicatively connected to each composite electromagnetic transceiver node. Each composite electromagnetic transceiver node includes a blade electromagnetic structure, a nacelle electromagnetic structure, a tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure, and a feed connection structure, a control connection structure, a signal connection structure, and a data connection structure connecting the above structures. The blade electromagnetic structure is an electromagnetic functional structure located on the blade surface, interlayer, internal skeleton region, or a combination of the above regions. The nacelle electromagnetic structure includes a nacelle control and processing structure located inside the nacelle and a nacelle surface electromagnetic structure located on the outer surface of the nacelle, used to generate and amplify transmitted signals and perform feed switching. The system includes switching, synchronization control, and phase control, as well as front-end conditioning, digital sampling, and local processing of received signals; a tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure for auxiliary radiation, auxiliary reception, low-frequency supplementation, reference calibration, or transmission support; a power supply connection structure for transmitting transmitted radio frequency energy or received radio frequency signals between the nacelle control and processing structure and the blade electromagnetic structure, nacelle surface electromagnetic structure, and tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure; a control connection structure for transmitting switching, gating, synchronization, and amplitude and phase control commands; a signal connection structure for transmitting received intermediate frequency signals, baseband signals, digital sampling signals, and calibration signals; and a data connection structure for transmitting task parameters, processing results, and node status between the composite electromagnetic transceiver node, the field control node, and the upper-level collaborative platform.

[0009] Furthermore, the blade electromagnetic structure is an electromagnetic functional structure disposed on the blade surface, interlayer, internal skeleton region, or a combination of the above regions; the electromagnetic functional structure can be configured as a transmission zone, a receiving zone, or a transmit / receive switching zone under the control of the nacelle control and processing structure, each zone is connected to an independent power supply channel or switching channel, and is configured as a transmission zone, a receiving zone, or a transmit / receive switching zone according to mission requirements, and the blade forms a dynamic electromagnetic aperture that can be partitioned, powered, and controlled.

[0010] Furthermore, the electromagnetic functional structure employs conductive layers, conductive grids, attached radiating sheets, slit radiating structures, conductive fiber composite materials, flexible radiating units, segmented radiating units, or metallized surface structures to form an auxiliary radiating / receiving structure that can be used as a whole or in segments.

[0011] Furthermore, the nacelle is equipped with one or more control and processing units selected from the following: waveform generation unit, power amplification unit, power supply switching unit, synchronization control unit, phase control unit, low-noise amplification unit, filtering unit, frequency conversion unit, analog-to-digital conversion unit, timestamp unit, local buffer unit, local processing unit, mission interface unit, and health monitoring unit. The waveform generation unit is used to generate continuous waves, pulse waves, linear frequency modulated waves, coded waves, or broadband disturbance waveforms. The power amplification unit is used to boost the transmitted signal to a power level sufficient for detection or countermeasure missions. The power supply switching unit is used to select between blade partitioning, nacelle surface electromagnetic structures, and tower auxiliary electromagnetic structures. Transmit or receive channel; synchronization control unit and phase control unit for providing unified time base, phase reference and amplitude and phase control; low noise amplification unit, filtering unit and frequency conversion unit for front-end conditioning of received signal; analog-to-digital conversion unit for converting analog signal into digital sampled data; timestamp unit for attaching unified time stamp to data; local buffer unit for temporarily storing raw data and intermediate data; local processing unit for preprocessing, target detection, feature extraction, amplitude and phase correction and data compression; task interface unit for interacting with field control nodes or upper-level platforms to exchange task parameters and processing results; health monitoring unit for monitoring temperature, power supply, standing wave ratio, link status and module faults.

[0012] Furthermore, the electromagnetic structure of the cabin surface on the outer surface of the cabin is a conformal antenna array, a planar array, a linear array, and a surface array.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer surface, inner wall, interlayer, or local area of ​​the tower are provided with external conductors, embedded conductors, longitudinal conductive structures, ring-shaped structures, slot structures, low-frequency radiation structures, low-frequency receiving structures, multipath acquisition structures, or reference calibration structures.

[0014] Furthermore, the blade electromagnetic structure, nacelle control and processing structure, nacelle surface electromagnetic structure, and tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure are incorporated into the same electromagnetic transceiver link through a power supply connection structure, a control connection structure, a signal connection structure, and a data connection structure. Specifically, they are connected through a feeder, a switch network, a power divider network, a signal acquisition link, a control link, and a data link.

[0015] Furthermore, the feed lines of the blade sections are led to the blade root along the internal cable channels and connected to the switching network in the nacelle via rotary joints, slip rings, RF coaxial connectors, or near-field coupling structures; the array on the outer surface of the nacelle is connected to the power divider network, phase control unit, and transceiver switching unit inside the nacelle via sealed through-nacelle interfaces; and the tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure is connected to the nacelle processing equipment via cable trays, coaxial feed lines, optoelectronic composite cables, or waveguide structures on the inner wall of the tower.

[0016] Furthermore, the control connection structure adopts the existing control bus of the wind turbine, industrial Ethernet, fiber optic link or dedicated synchronization line, and the data connection structure adopts on-site fiber optic, Ethernet switching equipment or wireless backhaul link.

[0017] A control method for a multi-unit collaborative sensing system that reuses wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Task initialization and status acquisition: The system receives the target area, working frequency band, working mode, transmission waveform, power constraint, time window and task parameters of participating nodes, and synchronously acquires the angular position, speed, nacelle yaw, node health, synchronization clock and link status of each wind turbine blade, and generates a list of currently available nodes and available transceiver structures. S2. Node role allocation and parameter distribution: Combining task parameters and real-time equipment status, configure one or more wind turbine nodes as integrated transmitter, receiver, and transceiver nodes, reference or calibration nodes, and uniformly distribute power supply channels, switch status, transmission sequence, phase amplitude weight, receiving window and isolation strategy parameters to each transceiver sub-area of ​​the blade, the nacelle surface and the auxiliary electromagnetic structure of the tower. S3. Coordinated Transmission, Reception and Data Acquisition: The cabin control and processing structure drives waveform generation, power amplification, power supply switching and zone gating according to the issued parameters, and controls each electromagnetic structure to complete the transmission and reception state switching; the received signal is amplified by low noise, filtered, frequency converted, analog-to-digital converted and timestamped to form observation data of the position, attitude and time information of the onboard node; S4. Compensation Processing, Fusion Output and Feedback Control: Performs phase center compensation, time delay compensation, amplitude and phase correction, clutter suppression, feature extraction and multi-node fusion processing on the acquired data, outputs target point traces, flight paths, signal characteristics or interference control results, and updates the node selection, power supply weights, transmit and receive timing and working mode for the next cycle accordingly.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] This invention directly constructs the wind turbine blades, nacelle, and tower into electromagnetic transmitting and receiving units, making the wind turbine itself a composite electromagnetic transceiver node. Based on this, it utilizes the spatial distribution of multiple wind turbines within a single field and multiple wind farms to form a sparse multi-base array, expanding into single-wind-turbine sensing, single-field multi-wind-turbine collaborative sensing, or multi-wind-farm collaborative sensing systems to achieve joint reconnaissance and processing of targets. While reducing construction costs and deployment difficulty, it expands the effective electromagnetic aperture and enhances the detection, positioning, tracking, and collaborative countermeasure capabilities for low-altitude and near-shore targets. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the composite electromagnetic transceiver node for the wind turbine body;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission link for the wind turbine itself.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the receiving link for the wind turbine body;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of system expansion based on multiple wind turbine nodes;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a system expansion based on multiple wind farms;

[0027] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the control method steps for a multi-unit collaborative sensing system that reuses wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a single wind farm with multiple nodes.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an example of continuous observation of multiple wind farms. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0031] Existing reconnaissance, detection, and jamming systems mostly employ independently constructed dedicated equipment, requiring the construction of supporting infrastructure such as towers, equipment rooms, power supply, and communication systems. This results in high construction costs, long deployment cycles, and difficulties in deployment at sea, on islands, and in areas with limited infrastructure. While existing wind farms possess inherent advantages such as superior installation height, wide coverage, and complete infrastructure, their wind turbines are merely used as mounting carriers for external electromagnetic equipment, without utilizing the turbine structure itself to build electromagnetic transceiver units. This fails to fully unleash their application potential in electromagnetic transceiver, array expansion, and distributed collaborative operations. Meanwhile, existing array-based reconnaissance, detection, and jamming systems are limited by the size of a single platform and deployment space, resulting in small effective electromagnetic apertures and limited spatial distribution of array elements, making it difficult to meet the long-range detection, positioning, and tracking requirements for low-altitude, ultra-low-altitude, and near-shore targets.

[0032] This invention configures certain structural elements within the blades, nacelle, and tower of a wind turbine generator as electromagnetic functional structures, enabling a single wind turbine to become a composite electromagnetic transceiver node capable of independently performing transmitting, receiving, or integrated transmitting and receiving tasks. Based on this, multiple composite electromagnetic transceiver nodes can form a distributed sensing system within a single wind farm, and the distributed sensing systems of multiple wind farms can further form a larger-scale collaborative sensing network. The aforementioned structures are integrated into the same electromagnetic transceiver link through four types of connection structures, rather than being independent external devices: a power supply connection structure transmits transmitted radio frequency energy and received radio frequency signals; a control connection structure transmits switching, gating, synchronization, and amplitude / phase control commands; a signal connection structure transmits intermediate frequency, baseband, digital sampling, and calibration signals; and a data connection structure transmits task parameters, processing results, and node status.

[0033] Specifically, the present invention provides a multi-unit collaborative sensing system for wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes, comprising at least one composite electromagnetic transceiver node composed of a wind turbine generator body and an on-site control node communicatively connected to each composite electromagnetic transceiver node. Each composite electromagnetic transceiver node includes a blade electromagnetic structure, a nacelle electromagnetic structure, a tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure, and a feeder connection structure, a control connection structure, a signal connection structure, and a data connection structure connecting the above structures. The nacelle electromagnetic structure includes a nacelle control and processing structure disposed inside the nacelle and, optionally, a nacelle surface electromagnetic structure disposed on the outer surface of the nacelle. The blade electromagnetic structure undertakes large-scale dynamic aperture transmission, reception, or transceiver switching functions, including one or more switchable electromagnetic functional structures disposed on the blades, and is configured as a transmission zone, a reception zone, or a transceiver switching zone under the control of the nacelle control and processing structure. The nacelle control and processing structure undertakes functions such as task analysis, waveform generation, power amplification, power supply switching, synchronization control, phase control, receiver front-end conditioning, digital sampling, and local processing. It is used to generate and amplify transmitted signals, execute power supply switching, synchronization control, and phase control, and complete the front-end conditioning, digital sampling, and local processing of received signals. The nacelle surface electromagnetic structure undertakes functions of stabilizing auxiliary transmission, reception, or reference calibration. The tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure is used for auxiliary radiation, auxiliary reception, low-frequency supplementation, reference calibration, or transmission support. These structures are integrated into the same electromagnetic transceiver link through four types of connection structures, rather than being independent external devices. The power supply connection structure transmits transmitted radio frequency energy and received radio frequency signals, used to transmit transmitted radio frequency energy or received radio frequency signals between the nacelle control and processing structure and the blade electromagnetic structure, the nacelle surface electromagnetic structure, and the tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure. The control connection structure is used to transmit switching, gating, synchronization, and amplitude / phase control commands. The signal connection structure is used to transmit received intermediate frequency signals, baseband signals, digital sampling signals, and calibration signals. The data connection structure is used to transmit task parameters, processing results, and node status between the composite electromagnetic transceiver node, the field control node, and the upper-level collaborative platform.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown, this invention modifies the blade structure, which is the main structure for forming a large-scale dynamic electromagnetic aperture. Due to the blade's large length, high installation height, long spatial unfolding scale, and continuous rotation, its body can be modified into a transmitting structure, a receiving structure, or a transmit / receive switching structure. In this invention, the transmitting, receiving, and transmit / receive switching structures of the blade are not three independent external components, but rather functional states formed by the same type of electromagnetic functional unit in the blade's electromagnetic structure under different channel connection states: it acts as a transmitting structure when connected to a transmitting channel, as a receiving structure when connected to a receiving channel, and as a transmit / receive switching structure when switching between the two channels. The blade electromagnetic structure is an electromagnetic functional structure located on the blade surface, in the interlayer, in the internal skeleton region, or a combination of the above regions. The electromagnetic functional structure can take the form of a conductive layer, conductive mesh, attached radiating sheet, slotted radiating structure, conductive fiber composite material, flexible radiating unit, segmented radiating unit, or metallized surface structure, etc.

[0035] Taking a conductive mesh structure as an example, the conductive mesh can be attached to the inner side of the outer surface protective layer of the blade along the blade's length direction, or pre-embedded between the blade skin and the interlayer, with an insulating protective layer, a waterproof encapsulation layer, and a lightning protection isolation gap installed on its outer side. The feed end of the conductive mesh is preferably located near the blade root, and is led to the blade root via flexible radio frequency feed lines, microstrip feed lines, or coaxial feed lines along the internal reinforcing beams, webs, or cable channels of the blade. It is then connected to the feed switching unit in the nacelle control and processing structure via a rotary joint, slip ring, radio frequency coaxial connector, or near-field coupling structure. The aforementioned flexible radio frequency feed lines, microstrip feed lines, coaxial feed lines, and rotary connection components together constitute the feed connection structure on the blade side, used to send the transmitted radio frequency energy output from the nacelle control and processing structure to the blade electromagnetic structure, or to send the radio frequency signals received by the blade electromagnetic structure back to the nacelle control and processing structure. This installation method maintains the blade's shape and aerodynamic performance while allowing the blade body to form a controllable radiation or reception area.

[0036] The blade can be used as a single transceiver unit, or it can be divided along its length into root, mid-section, tip, or multiple discrete transceiver sub-regions. Each region belongs to the blade's electromagnetic structure and can be connected to an independent feed channel or a switching channel. When a region is connected to a transmit channel, it is called a transmit region; when connected to a receive channel, it is called a receive region; and when switching between transmit and receive channels, it is called a transmit / receive switching region. Therefore, blade partitioning represents the spatial division of the blade's electromagnetic structure, and transmit, receive, and transmit / receive switching regions represent the functional roles of that spatial partition in a specific mission. Each region can be connected to an independent feed channel or a switching channel and can be configured as a transmit, receive, or transmit / receive switching region according to mission requirements. Thus, the blade structurally forms a dynamic electromagnetic aperture that is partitionable, feedable, and controllable.

[0037] Figure 2The blade-emitting structure can be a conductive radiating sheet, conductive mesh, slotted radiating unit, segmented metallized structure, or conductive fiber composite layer disposed on the surface or within the blade. When the blade-emitting structure of the blade-emitting zone is emitting, the root region, mid-section region, and tip region can be used as independent sub-apertures, each with an independent feed point, RF switch, and phase amplitude control channel. The nacelle control and processing structure selects one or more zones to connect to the transmission link based on the blade angular position and target azimuth, and adjusts the feed phase, feed amplitude, and activation time of each zone to achieve directional illumination, scanning illumination, or time-division illumination. For zones requiring reception, a switching network switches to a low-noise receiving link, or the transmission zone operates simultaneously using time-division, frequency-division, polarization, or spatial isolation methods. In this invention, the transmission link is a functional path within the composite electromagnetic transceiver node, consisting sequentially of a mission interface unit, a local processing unit, a synchronization control unit, a waveform generation unit, a phase control unit, a power amplification unit, a feed switching unit, a feed connection structure, and the selected blade electromagnetic structure transmission zone. During operation, the local processing unit calculates the partition selection result, phase weight, amplitude weight, and activation time based on the target azimuth, blade angular position, and geometric position of each partition. The synchronization control unit generates a unified trigger signal and angle gating window, the phase control unit writes the phase weight of each channel, and the power amplification unit and the power supply switching unit adjust the output amplitude and select the partition to be connected. Using a fixed phase amplitude weight for one or more partitions can form directional illumination towards a predetermined area; continuously changing the phase amplitude weight over time or sequentially switching different partitions can form scanning illumination; setting non-overlapping activation time windows for different partitions can form time-division illumination. The partitions that need to be received are switched to the receiving link in the nacelle control and processing structure via the power supply switching unit. This receiving link is composed of a transceiver switcher, a low-noise amplification unit, a filtering unit, a frequency conversion unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, a timestamp unit, a local buffer unit, and a local processing unit in sequence. The transmitting and receiving partitions can also work together using time-division, frequency-division, polarization, or spatial isolation methods.

[0038] This invention also modifies the nacelle structure, which serves as the control, power supply, and processing center for the composite electromagnetic transceiver node of the wind turbine body. Because the nacelle is relatively fixed and its internal space is concentrated, it is suitable for arranging functional units such as waveform generation, power amplification, power supply switching, synchronization control, receiving link, and local processing.

[0039] The cabin control and processing structure comprises one or more control and processing units located within the cabin, including waveform generation, power amplification, power supply switching, synchronization control, phase control, low-noise amplification, filtering, frequency conversion, analog-to-digital conversion, timestamp, local buffer, local processing, task interface, and health monitoring units. These units can be installed separately or implemented using a modular, integrated, or software-defined radio platform. The system includes the following components: a waveform generation unit for generating continuous waves, pulse waves, linear frequency modulated waves, coded waves, or broadband disturbance waveforms; a power amplification unit for boosting the transmitted signal to the power level required for detection or countermeasure missions; a power supply switching unit for selecting the transmission or reception channel between blade partitions, nacelle surface electromagnetic structures, and tower auxiliary electromagnetic structures; a synchronization control unit and a phase control unit for providing a unified time base, phase reference, and amplitude and phase control; a low-noise amplification unit, a filtering unit, and a frequency conversion unit for front-end conditioning of the received signal; an analog-to-digital conversion unit for converting analog signals into digital sampled data; a timestamp unit for attaching a unified time stamp to the data; a local buffer unit for temporarily storing raw and intermediate data; a local processing unit for performing preprocessing, target detection, feature extraction, amplitude and phase correction, and data compression; a mission interface unit for exchanging mission parameters and processing results with field control nodes or upper-level platforms; and a health monitoring unit for monitoring temperature, power supply, standing wave ratio, link status, and module faults.

[0040] During data processing and signal transmission, the data link in the transmitting direction can be sequentially configured as a mission interface unit, waveform generation unit, power amplification unit, power supply switching unit, blade partitioning, or nacelle / tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure; the data link in the receiving direction can be sequentially configured as a blade receiving structure, nacelle surface receiving structure or tower receiving structure, low-noise amplification unit, filtering unit, frequency conversion unit, analog-to-digital conversion unit, timestamp unit, local buffer unit, and local processing unit. The processed target point traces, signal characteristics, spectrum summaries, or track results can be uploaded to the wind farm's on-site control nodes via existing fiber optic, Ethernet, dedicated wireless links, or hybrid communication links, and can then be further uploaded from the on-site control nodes to the regional collaborative platform.

[0041] In data processing and signal transmission, both the transmit and receive links belong to an integrated composite electromagnetic transceiver structure. The transmit link consists sequentially of a mission interface unit, a local processing unit, a synchronization control unit, a waveform generation unit, a phase control unit, a power amplification unit, a feed switching unit, a feed connection structure, and the selected blade electromagnetic structure transmit zone, nacelle surface electromagnetic structure, or tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure. The receive link consists sequentially of the selected blade electromagnetic structure receive zone, nacelle surface electromagnetic structure or tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure, a feed connection structure, a feed switching unit, a low-noise amplification unit, a filtering unit, a frequency conversion unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, a timestamp unit, a local buffer unit, and a local processing unit. The blade electromagnetic structure receive zone refers to the blade root region, mid-section region, blade tip region, or discrete transceiver sub-region currently connected to the receiving channel within the blade electromagnetic structure; the nacelle surface electromagnetic structure is a component of the nacelle electromagnetic structure; and the receiving unit, low-frequency receiving structure, or reference calibration structure in the tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure are all components of this system. The intermediate frequency, baseband, digital sampling and calibration signals between the receiving front end and the local processing unit are transmitted through the signal connection structure. The processed target point traces, signal characteristics, spectrum summaries or track results are uploaded to the field control node through the data connection structure, and can be further uploaded to the regional collaborative platform.

[0042] The nacelle can also be equipped with conformal antenna arrays, planar arrays, linear arrays, area arrays or other electromagnetic structures on its outer surface, so that in addition to undertaking control and processing functions, the nacelle can also serve as an auxiliary transmitting or receiving part, and together with the blades and tower, form a hybrid transmitting and receiving aperture.

[0043] The electromagnetic structure on the outer surface of the nacelle can be arranged on the windward side, leeward side, top, sidewall, or outer shell area near the hub. A conformal array that fits the curved surface of the nacelle or a flat array housed within a protective shield is preferred. Taking a conformal array on the top of the nacelle as an example, several small radiating units can be arranged longitudinally or laterally on the top of the nacelle. Each unit is connected to the feed switching unit and phase control unit inside the nacelle via a sealed through-nacelle connector. Transmission power is provided by the power amplification unit inside the nacelle, or by a low-noise amplification unit connected to the receiving link. During nacelle-assisted launch, the nacelle array can undertake tasks such as wide-coverage illumination, blind spot illumination, calibration signal transmission, or reference signal transmission. When the blade section does not meet the launch conditions due to angular position, the electromagnetic structure on the nacelle surface can also serve as a stable auxiliary aperture to maintain continuous illumination or reception.

[0044] The present invention also modifies the tower structure, which is a tall supporting structure for the wind turbine body. In the present invention, it is further incorporated into the electromagnetic transceiver system as an auxiliary radiation, auxiliary reception, low frequency reception, feeder carrying, power transmission, longitudinal baseline extension or calibration reference structure.

[0045] The auxiliary electromagnetic structure of the tower consists of externally attached conductors, embedded conductors, longitudinal conductive structures, ring-shaped structures, slotted structures, low-frequency radiation structures, low-frequency receiving structures, multi-path acquisition structures, or reference calibration structures installed on the outer surface, inner wall, interlayer, or local areas of the tower. These structures form longitudinal auxiliary apertures, low-frequency supplementary channels, reference calibration channels, or feeder carrying channels. The tower's function does not need to be exactly the same as the blades; its focus is on utilizing the tower's height, longitudinal dimensions, and stable structure to provide auxiliary electromagnetic capabilities and link support for the wind turbine's main nodes.

[0046] The aforementioned structures on the tower can be arranged according to their functions. For example, the longitudinal conductive structure can extend vertically along the outer surface or inner wall of the tower to form a low-frequency or broadband auxiliary radiation / receiving channel; the ring-shaped structure can be set around a certain height section of the tower to form a circumferential reference, polarization supplement, or calibration coupling structure; the slot structure can form a controlled radiation opening in a locally metallized area; the multipath acquisition structure or reference calibration structure can be arranged in the upper middle, bottom, or nacelle connection of the tower to collect environmental clutter, leakage signals, or calibration signals. When the tower assists in transmission, the transmission signal in the nacelle can be sent to the longitudinal conductive structure, ring-shaped structure, or slot structure of the tower via a power divider network or independent feed channel, so that the tower can form low-frequency supplementary illumination, reference calibration illumination, or interference auxiliary radiation; when the tower assists in reception, the signals collected by the above structures are sent back to the nacelle receiving link via the feeder inside the tower.

[0047] In this invention, the blades, nacelle, and tower are connected via feeders, a switching network, a power divider network, a signal acquisition link, a control link, and a data link. Specifically, the feeders for each blade section can be led along the internal cable channels to the blade root and connected to the switching network inside the nacelle via rotary joints, slip rings, RF coaxial connectors, or near-field coupling structures. The array on the outer surface of the nacelle is connected to the power divider network, phase control unit, and transceiver switching unit inside the nacelle via a sealed through-nacelle interface. The tower's auxiliary electromagnetic structure is connected to the nacelle processing equipment via cable trays on the inner wall of the tower, coaxial feeders, fiber optic composite cables, or waveguide structures. Control connections can utilize the existing wind turbine control bus, industrial Ethernet, fiber optic links, or dedicated synchronization lines. The dedicated synchronization line is independent of the service data link and is used to transmit clock references, trigger pulses, or synchronization markers between nodes to reduce the impact of service data transmission jitter on node synchronization. Data connections can utilize on-site fiber optics, Ethernet switching equipment, or wireless backhaul links.

[0048] The nacelle control and processing structure performs unified scheduling of blade partitions, nacelle surface electromagnetic structures, and tower structures based on mission parameters, blade angular positions, nacelle yaw information, node health status, and synchronization information. The unified scheduling process includes mission parsing, status acquisition, node selection, structure allocation, parameter distribution, execution monitoring, and feedback updates. First, the mission interface unit receives the detection or countermeasure missions from the upper-level platform. Second, the health monitoring unit and synchronization control unit acquire available nodes, available partitions, blade angular positions, and clock status. Then, the local processing unit determines the structures participating in transmission, reception, reference, and calibration, and generates feed weights, transmit / receive time slots, angle gating ranges, and reception windows. Subsequently, the control unit drives the switching network, phase control unit, and feed network to execute. Finally, the scheduling parameters for the next cycle are adjusted based on the received data quality, target detection results, and node status.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the blade electromagnetic structure can be located inside the outer surface protective layer, within the interlayer, or near the internal skeleton of the blade, forming an auxiliary radiation / receiving structure that can be used as a whole or in sections. The nacelle control and processing structure can centrally house units such as waveform generation, power amplification, transmit / receive switching, synchronization control, phase control, receiving front-end, digital sampling, local processing, and mission interface. The tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure can be located on the outer surface, inner wall, or interlayer area of ​​the tower, forming a longitudinal auxiliary aperture, low-frequency supplementary channel, reference calibration channel, or feeder carrying channel. The feed connection structure is responsible for transmitting radio frequency signals, the control connection structure is responsible for transmitting switching, phase, gating, and synchronization commands, the signal connection structure is responsible for transmitting intermediate frequency, baseband, digital sampling, and calibration signals, and the data connection structure is responsible for transmitting sampling data, target results, and node status.

[0050] In the signal processing flow, during launch, the mission interface unit in the nacelle receives mission parameters, the local processing unit generates the working configuration, the waveform generation unit generates the transmission signal, the power amplification unit amplifies the signal, and the feed switching unit sends the signal to the blade partition, the electromagnetic structure on the nacelle surface, or the auxiliary electromagnetic structure of the tower. During reception, the echo or external radiated signal received by the blades, nacelle, or tower is sent to the nacelle via the feeder, where it undergoes low-noise amplification, filtering, frequency conversion, analog-to-digital conversion, and timestamp marking in sequence. Then, the local processing unit combines the blade angular position, nacelle yaw information, and node synchronization information to perform amplitude and phase correction, time delay compensation, target detection, feature extraction, and result uploading.

[0051] The single wind turbine node of this invention still appears as a wind turbine body in appearance, but internally it has formed an integrated composite electromagnetic transceiver structure in which the blades participate in transmission and reception, the nacelle is responsible for control and processing, and the tower provides auxiliary electromagnetic and transmission support. Based on the above structure, the wind turbine body composite electromagnetic transceiver node can operate according to four types of working logic: transmission, reception, transmission-reception switching, and rotation control. The following description focuses on how the system works, rather than repeating the structural forms of each component.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, in launch mode, the mission control unit or local control unit first determines the target area, operating frequency band, transmission waveform, power limit, launch timing, and the main structure involved in the launch. Subsequently, the waveform generation unit within the nacelle generates the predetermined transmission signal, the power amplification unit boosts the signal's power, and the power supply switching unit or power divider distributes the transmission energy to blade sections, nacelle surface electromagnetic structures, or tower auxiliary electromagnetic structures. Finally, the corresponding wind turbine structure radiates the electromagnetic signal to the target area at a predetermined time. The transmission signal can be a continuous wave, pulse wave, linear frequency modulated wave, stepped frequency wave, phase-coded wave, swept frequency wave, broadband disturbance waveform, or other signal forms suitable for detection, illumination, communication countermeasures, suppression, or induction, depending on mission requirements. The launch site can be one of the blades, nacelle, or tower, or multiple sites can launch jointly based on power, timing, phase, or directional characteristics.

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, in receiving mode, the external incoming wave is first induced into an analog electrical signal by the blade receiving structure, nacelle receiving structure, or tower receiving structure. Subsequently, the analog electrical signal enters the internal receiving link of the nacelle, undergoing low-noise amplification, filtering, down-conversion, and analog-to-digital conversion to form received data suitable for digital processing. Afterward, the data is marked, temporarily stored, preprocessed, and output by a timestamp unit, a local buffer unit, and a local processing unit. The received object can be either a reflected echo from a target under active illumination conditions or a radiation signal radiated by the target itself, such as communication signals, remote control signals, data transmission signals, image transmission signals, navigation leakage signals, or radiation signals from other equipment. Therefore, this invention is applicable to active detection systems, passive detection systems, and combined active-passive systems. The local processing unit can output raw sampling data, intermediate frequency data, spectrum summary, time-frequency characteristics, target traces, signal fingerprints, or target identification results according to mission requirements, and can upload these results to the field control node or the upper-level collaborative platform.

[0054] In this invention, the same wind turbine node can be configured as a transmitting node, a receiving node, or an integrated transceiver node. To avoid interference with the receiving link during transmission, this invention can set up a transmitting / receiving switching and isolation mechanism within the node. The switching and isolation mechanism can include one or more of time-division switching, frequency-division isolation, polarization isolation, and spatial separation. Time-division switching refers to the same blade section or the same node performing transmission and reception separately in different time slots; frequency-division isolation refers to different transmission and reception frequency bands; polarization isolation refers to different polarization forms used for transmission and reception; spatial separation refers to different blade sections, different parts of the turbine, or different wind turbine nodes undertaking transmission and reception functions respectively. If necessary, a reference channel or monitoring channel can also be set up within the node to monitor the local transmission leakage, its own electromagnetic environment, structural coupling effects, and modulation components introduced by rotation, and to perform cancellation, compensation, or correction processing accordingly.

[0055] In this invention, when the blades are in a continuous rotating state, their spatial orientation, attitude, and equivalent aperture change over time. Therefore, when the blades participate in transmission and reception, the nacelle synchronization control unit preferably combines the blade angular position, rotational speed, phase state, nacelle yaw state, and attitude information to perform matched control on the transmission, reception, and switching processes.

[0056] In one control method, the system adopts an angle gating strategy: when a blade or blade section rotates to a preset azimuth angle range, it enters the transmission state or the key reception state; when it leaves the azimuth angle range, it stops transmission, reduces reception weight, or switches to other blade sections.

[0057] In another control method, the system adopts a zoned power supply strategy: for multiple transceiver zones along different lengths of the blade, power supply and data acquisition are performed in a predetermined order, with different power or different weights, in order to obtain the desired radiation coverage or receiver sensitivity distribution.

[0058] In a further control approach, the system performs amplitude compensation, phase compensation, and time synchronization correction based on the geometric changes caused by blade rotation, in order to reduce the adverse effects of the rotation state on direction estimation, beam control, coherent processing, or multi-node fusion.

[0059] In this invention, the progression from single-unit nodes to single-field and multi-field networks is as follows: After a composite electromagnetic transceiver node is formed on a single wind turbine, the system can be further expanded to single-wind turbine applications, single-wind farm multi-wind turbine collaborative applications, and multi-wind farm collaborative applications. Throughout this expansion process, the basic working unit remains an electromagnetic transceiver node directly composed of the wind turbine itself.

[0060] In a single-turbine implementation, a single wind turbine undertakes the tasks of transmitting, receiving, or switching between transmitting and receiving through at least one of its blades, nacelle, and tower. For example, blade sections can transmit detection signals within a predetermined angle range, while the electromagnetic structure on the nacelle surface or other sections of the blades receive the target echo, and the detection results are output by the processing unit inside the nacelle; alternatively, only the receiving structures in the blades, nacelle, or tower can be used to passively detect external radiated signals.

[0061] like Figure 4 As shown, within a single wind farm, multiple wind turbine nodes can achieve time synchronization, parameter transmission, status sharing, and data aggregation through wired links, wireless links, or a combination of both, forming a distributed sensing system within the farm. In this system, different wind turbines can be configured as transmitting nodes, receiving nodes, transceiver nodes, reference nodes, or calibration nodes based on their location, attitude, health status, blade rotation status, and mission objectives. The farm control nodes can issue different operating modes and control parameters to different wind turbines. For example, one or more wind turbines can undertake the main transmitting task, while other wind turbines can undertake receiving, monitoring, or calibration tasks; alternatively, multiple wind turbines can transmit in turn, with the remaining turbines receiving synchronously.

[0062] The essence of in-field expansion is not multi-station collaboration in the general sense, but rather the formation of sparse distributed apertures by multiple composite electromagnetic nodes directly composed of the wind turbine body within the same wind farm, thereby expanding the spatial coverage and improving signal acquisition capabilities.

[0063] like Figure 5 As shown, on a larger scale, wind turbine nodes in multiple wind farms can form a distributed collaborative sensing network. Each wind farm can be considered a local subsystem composed of several wind turbine nodes. Different wind farms exchange information and coordinate tasks through an upper-level coordination platform, a regional fusion platform, or other collaborative management platforms. In this approach, the target information, signal characteristics, observation results, or trajectory results generated by the first wind farm can serve as the basis for the second wind farm to search, confirm, continue observation, or perform further processing. For example, when a target enters the potential observation range of the second wind farm from the observation range of the first wind farm, the first wind farm can transmit the target's location, trajectory, and signal characteristics to the second wind farm, allowing the second wind farm to adjust its participating nodes, receiving windows, and operating parameters in advance.

[0064] Multi-wind farm collaboration is an extended application at the system level, and its premise remains that each basic node is directly composed of the wind turbine itself. Regardless of whether the system is expanded to a single unit, a single farm, or multiple farms, the essential feature of this invention remains the same: using the wind turbine blades, nacelle, and tower structure to directly realize electromagnetic transmission and reception and collaborative sensing functions.

[0065] like Figure 6As shown, the control method for a multi-unit collaborative sensing system that reuses wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes includes the following steps:

[0066] S1. Task initialization and status acquisition: Receive task parameters such as target area, operating frequency band, operating mode, transmission waveform, power constraint, time window and participating nodes, and collect the blade angle position, speed, nacelle yaw information, node health status, synchronization clock status and link status of each wind turbine to form a list of currently available nodes and available transceiver structures.

[0067] S2. Node Role Assignment and Parameter Distribution: Based on task parameters and availability, configure a single wind turbine or multiple wind turbine nodes as a transmitting node, receiving node, transceiver node, reference node, or calibration node, and distribute power supply channels, switch states, transmission timing, phase amplitude weights, receiving windows, and isolation strategies to the blade root region, mid-section region, blade tip region, or discrete transceiver sub-region in the blade electromagnetic structure, the nacelle surface electromagnetic structure in the nacelle electromagnetic structure, and the tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure.

[0068] S3. Coordinated Transmission, Reception and Data Acquisition: The nacelle control and processing structure drives waveform generation, power amplification, power supply switching and zone gating according to the issued parameters, so that the corresponding structures in the blades, nacelle or tower can perform transmission, reception or transceiver switching; the received signal is amplified by low noise, filtered, frequency converted, analog to digital converted and timestamped to form observation data with node position, attitude and time information.

[0069] S4. Compensation Processing, Fusion Output and Feedback Control: Performs rotational phase center compensation, propagation delay compensation, amplitude and phase consistency correction, clutter suppression, feature extraction and multi-node fusion processing on the acquired data, outputs target point traces, flight paths, signal characteristics or interference control results, and updates the node selection, power supply weights, transmit and receive timing and working mode for the next cycle based on the processing results.

[0070] Example 1:

[0071] Each of the three blades of a certain wind turbine has a conductive mesh installed inside the surface protective layer, and three segmented radiation / receiving units are formed in the root, mid-section, and tip regions of each blade. Each segmented radiation or receiving unit is led to the blade root via a flexible RF feeder along the internal cable channel of the blade, and then connected to the feed switching unit inside the nacelle via a rotary joint. The nacelle houses a waveform generation unit, a power amplification unit, a feed switching unit, a low-noise amplification unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, and a local processing unit. A small conformal receiving array is also installed on the top of the nacelle, and a longitudinal reference conductor and feeder carrying channel are installed on the inner wall of the tower.

[0072] During operation, the local processing unit determines the transmission window based on the target's azimuth and blade angular position. When a certain blade's midsection enters a preset angle range, the feed switching unit connects the transmission link to that section and transmits a linear frequency modulated detection signal. The target echo is collected by the receiving array on top of the nacelle, other blade sections, or the tower's auxiliary receiving structure. After low-noise amplification, filtering, frequency conversion, analog-to-digital conversion, and timestamping, it is sent to the local processing unit. The local processing unit performs phase center compensation and time delay correction based on the blade angular position and outputs the target detection result.

[0073] Example 2:

[0074] Single wind farm multi-node implementation, such as Figure 7 As shown, three wind turbines are selected as working nodes within the same wind farm. The blades of the first turbine are responsible for the main transmitting function, while the nacelles and blades of the second and third turbines are responsible for the receiving function. Each node synchronizes time, distributes parameters, and aggregates data through the on-site network, thereby forming a distributed observation capability within the wind farm.

[0075] Example 3:

[0076] Examples of continuous observation implementation of multiple wind farms, such as Figure 8 As shown, several wind turbine nodes in the first wind farm first generate initial observation results of the target and transmit the target location, signal characteristics, and trajectory results to the second wind farm. Based on these results, several wind turbine nodes in the second wind farm enter a coordinated working state to search, confirm, and continue observation of the same target. A common feature of all the above embodiments is that the electromagnetic transceiver capability is directly realized by the wind turbine's main structure.

[0077] This invention relates to a multi-unit collaborative sensing system that reuses wind turbine electromagnetic transceiver nodes. The wind turbine itself directly constitutes a composite electromagnetic transceiver node, and the turbine structure itself directly participates in electromagnetic transmission, reception, or transceiver switching, rather than merely serving as an installation platform for external equipment. At least one of the blades, nacelle, and tower is constructed as an electromagnetic functional structure, enabling a single wind turbine to form an independently operating composite electromagnetic transceiver node, which can also serve as the basic unit for subsequent multi-node systems. In this invention, the blade body is electromagneticized, including the installation of conductive layers, conductive grids, flexible radiating units, segmented transceiver units, etc., on the blade surface, interlayer, internal skeleton, or local areas. The blade can serve as a whole as the transceiver aperture, or it can be divided into multiple sections along its length, and gated, weighted, compensated, or used for transceiver switching based on the blade's angular position, rotational speed, and phase state, thereby forming a dynamic electromagnetic aperture. This invention integrates the blades, nacelle, and tower into a unified transceiver system configuration, representing a unified structural division of labor. The blades are preferably designed for large-scale radiation or reception; the nacelle is preferably designed for waveform generation, power control, power supply switching, synchronization control, signal acquisition, and local processing, and can be equipped with auxiliary transceiver structures; the tower is preferably designed for auxiliary transmission, auxiliary reception, low-frequency supplementation, feeder carrying, power transmission, or calibration reference functions. This invention employs an integrated transceiver, switching isolation, and reconfigurable operating mode. A single wind turbine can be flexibly configured between transmitting nodes, receiving nodes, and integrated transmitting / receiving nodes. A transmission-receiving coordination mechanism is used between the same structural partition or different structural parts, including time-division switching, frequency-division isolation, polarization isolation, spatial separation, and their combinations, enabling wind turbine nodes to be functionally reconfigured according to mission requirements. This invention also extends the distributed sensing and electronic countermeasures system based on the composite electromagnetic transceiver node of the wind turbine itself. This includes multiple wind turbine nodes within a single wind farm forming a distributed sensing system, and multiple wind farms forming a larger-scale collaborative sensing network. Each node can be configured as a transmitting, receiving, integrated transceiver, reference, calibration, or jamming node to achieve functions such as target detection, reconnaissance, tracking, suppression jamming, or decoy jamming.

[0078] Specifically, the multi-unit collaborative sensing system of the present invention, which reuses wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes, has the following advantages:

[0079] 1. The present invention has a high degree of infrastructure reuse and low construction and operation and maintenance costs: The present invention reuses the existing towers, nacelles, blades, power supply, communication and maintenance systems of wind farms, without the need to build independent electromagnetic sites, towers, machine rooms and large-scale supporting facilities. This can reduce construction costs, shorten the deployment cycle and alleviate the operation and maintenance pressure in offshore, near-shore or areas with limited infrastructure construction conditions.

[0080] 2. Full utilization of the wind turbine body, with a larger effective electromagnetic aperture: This invention transforms the blades, nacelle, and tower from simple mechanical structures into electromagnetic functional structures, making full use of the wind turbine's high position, large size, and large spatial deployment scale to form a larger effective aperture than conventional small arrays. Furthermore, the dynamic aperture and time-varying observation advantages can be further obtained through blade rotation.

[0081] 3. A single unit can form a composite node, making the working system more flexible: A single wind turbine can integrate transmission, reception, control, power supply and processing capabilities. It can be configured as a pure transmission, pure reception or integrated transmission and reception mode according to mission requirements. Functional division can be carried out among blades, nacelles and towers, adapting to various missions such as active detection, passive detection, active and passive combined and electronic countermeasures.

[0082] 4. The system expands naturally, upgrading from a single node to a multi-farm network: Since each wind turbine can serve as a standardized basic node, multiple turbines within the same wind farm can naturally form a distributed array, and multiple wind farms can further constitute a wide-area collaborative network. This expansion method features a consistent node model and clear organizational hierarchy, which is conducive to forming a continuous upgrade capability from single unit and single farm to multiple farms.

[0083] 5. Strong engineering integration and reconfigurability: This invention relies on the wind turbine itself to realize electromagnetic functions, and its appearance and engineering form are highly integrated with existing wind power facilities, facilitating concealed deployment and long-term operation. At the same time, the role of wind turbine nodes, transmitting and receiving parts, operating frequency bands, switching methods, and system levels can all be reconfigured according to tasks, giving it a stronger adaptability compared to traditional equipment with fixed functions.

[0084] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include more other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-unit collaborative sensing system for reusing wind turbine electromagnetic transceiver nodes, comprising at least one composite electromagnetic transceiver node composed of wind turbine generator sets and an on-site control node communicatively connected to each composite electromagnetic transceiver node, characterized in that: Each composite electromagnetic transceiver node includes a blade electromagnetic structure, a nacelle electromagnetic structure, a tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure, and a feed connection structure, control connection structure, signal connection structure, and data connection structure connecting the above structures. The blade electromagnetic structure is an electromagnetic functional structure located on the blade surface, interlayer, internal skeleton region, or a combination of the above regions. The nacelle electromagnetic structure includes a nacelle control and processing structure located inside the nacelle and a nacelle surface electromagnetic structure located on the outer surface of the nacelle. It is used to generate and amplify the transmitted signal, perform feed switching, synchronization control, and phase control, and complete the front-end conditioning, digital sampling, and local processing of the received signal. The tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure is used for auxiliary radiation, auxiliary reception, low-frequency supplementation, reference calibration, or transmission support. The power supply connection structure is used to transmit radio frequency energy or receive radio frequency signals between the nacelle control and processing structure and the blade electromagnetic structure, the nacelle surface electromagnetic structure and the tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure. The control connection structure is used to transmit switching, gating, synchronization, and amplitude and phase control commands; The signal connection structure is used to transmit and receive intermediate frequency signals, baseband signals, digital sampling signals, and calibration signals; the data connection structure is used to transmit task parameters, processing results, and node status between the composite electromagnetic transceiver node, the field control node, and the upper-level collaborative platform.

2. The multi-unit collaborative sensing system for reusing wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade electromagnetic structure is an electromagnetic functional structure located on the blade surface, interlayer, internal skeleton region, or a combination of the above regions. The electromagnetic functional structure can be configured as a transmission zone, a receiving zone, or a transmit / receive switching zone under the control of the nacelle control and processing structure. Each zone is connected to an independent power supply channel or switching channel and is configured as a transmission zone, receiving zone, or transmit / receive switching zone according to mission requirements. The blade forms a dynamic electromagnetic aperture that can be partitioned, powered, and controlled.

3. A multi-unit collaborative sensing system for reusing wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electromagnetic functional structure employs conductive layers, conductive grids, attached radiating sheets, slit radiating structures, conductive fiber composite materials, flexible radiating units, segmented radiating units, or metallized surface structures to form an auxiliary radiating / receiving structure that can be used as a whole or in segments.

4. A multi-unit collaborative sensing system for reusing wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nacelle control and processing structure comprises one or more control and processing units selected from the following located within the nacelle: waveform generation unit, power amplification unit, power supply switching unit, synchronization control unit, phase control unit, low-noise amplification unit, filtering unit, frequency conversion unit, analog-to-digital conversion unit, timestamp unit, local buffer unit, local processing unit, mission interface unit, and health monitoring unit. The waveform generation unit generates continuous waves, pulse waves, linear frequency modulated waves, coded waves, or broadband disturbance waveforms. The power amplification unit boosts the transmitted signal to a power level sufficient for detection or countermeasure missions. The power supply switching unit controls the switching between blade partitions, nacelle surface electromagnetic structures, and tower auxiliary electromagnetic structures. The system allows for the selection of either the transmit or receive channel; the synchronization control unit and phase control unit provide a unified time base, phase reference, and amplitude and phase control; the low-noise amplification unit, filtering unit, and frequency conversion unit perform front-end conditioning of the received signal; the analog-to-digital conversion unit converts analog signals into digital sampled data; the timestamp unit adds a unified time stamp to the data; the local buffer unit temporarily stores raw and intermediate data; the local processing unit performs preprocessing, target detection, feature extraction, amplitude and phase correction, and data compression; the task interface unit interacts with field control nodes or upper-level platforms to exchange task parameters and processing results; and the health monitoring unit monitors temperature, power supply, standing wave ratio, link status, and module faults.

5. A multi-unit collaborative sensing system for reusing wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electromagnetic structure on the outer surface of the cabin is arranged on the windward side, leeward side, top, side wall, or outer shell area near the hub of the cabin, and is a conformal antenna array, planar array, linear array, or area array.

6. A multi-unit collaborative sensing system for reusing wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary electromagnetic structure of the tower is set on the outer surface, inner wall, interlayer or local area of ​​the tower, including external conductor, embedded conductor, longitudinal conductive structure, ring structure, slot structure, low frequency radiation structure, low frequency receiving structure, multipath acquisition structure or reference calibration structure.

7. A multi-unit collaborative sensing system for reusing wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade electromagnetic structure, nacelle control and processing structure, nacelle surface electromagnetic structure, and tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure are incorporated into the same electromagnetic transceiver link through a power supply connection structure, a control connection structure, a signal connection structure, and a data connection structure. Specifically, they are connected through a feeder, a switch network, a power divider network, a signal acquisition link, a control link, and a data link.

8. A multi-unit collaborative sensing system for reusing wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The feed lines of the blade sections are led to the blade root along the internal cable channels and connected to the switching network in the nacelle through rotary joints, slip rings, RF coaxial connectors or near-field coupling structures; the array on the outer surface of the nacelle is connected to the power divider network, phase control unit and transceiver switching unit inside the nacelle through sealed through-nacelle interfaces; the tower auxiliary electromagnetic structure is connected to the nacelle processing equipment through cable trays on the inner wall of the tower, coaxial feed lines, optoelectronic composite cables or waveguide structures.

9. A multi-unit collaborative sensing system for reusing wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The control connection structure adopts the existing control bus of the wind turbine, industrial Ethernet, fiber optic link or dedicated synchronization line, and the data connection structure adopts on-site fiber optic, Ethernet switching equipment or wireless backhaul link.

10. A control method for a multi-unit collaborative sensing system that reuses wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes, characterized in that, The method of using the multi-unit collaborative sensing system for reusing wind power electromagnetic transceiver nodes as described in claim 1 includes the following steps: S1. Task initialization and status acquisition: The system receives the target area, working frequency band, working mode, transmission waveform, power constraint, time window and task parameters of participating nodes, and synchronously acquires the angular position, speed, nacelle yaw, node health, synchronization clock and link status of each wind turbine blade, and generates a list of currently available nodes and available transceiver structures. S2. Node role allocation and parameter distribution: Combining task parameters and real-time equipment status, configure one or more wind turbine nodes as integrated transmitter, receiver, and transceiver nodes, reference or calibration nodes, and uniformly distribute power supply channels, switch status, transmission sequence, phase amplitude weight, receiving window and isolation strategy parameters to each transceiver sub-area of ​​the blade, the nacelle surface and the auxiliary electromagnetic structure of the tower. S3. Coordinated Transmission, Reception and Data Acquisition: The cabin control and processing structure drives waveform generation, power amplification, power supply switching and zone gating according to the issued parameters, and controls each electromagnetic structure to complete the transmission and reception state switching; the received signal is amplified by low noise, filtered, frequency converted, analog-to-digital converted and timestamped to form observation data of the position, attitude and time information of the onboard node; S4. Compensation Processing, Fusion Output and Feedback Control: Performs phase center compensation, time delay compensation, amplitude and phase correction, clutter suppression, feature extraction and multi-node fusion processing on the acquired data, outputs target point traces, flight paths, signal characteristics or interference control results, and updates the node selection, power supply weights, transmit and receive timing and working mode for the next cycle accordingly.

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