A phase change immersion cooling system and server cluster, data center

Abstract

The embodiment of the application discloses a kind of data center, server cluster and phase change immersion cooling system.The computing node of the phase change immersion cooling system is located in the first cavity that can be filled into phase change working medium, condenser is set in the second cavity;First cavity is connected between the second cavity by first branch and second branch, first branch is connected in gaseous phase zone of first cavity, first branch is not normally conducted, and can be conducted under the pressure of the first cavity in the cavity greater than pressure threshold value;Second branch is connected to the liquid accumulation area of second cavity, and second branch is unidirectional from the side of second cavity to the side of first cavity.It is thus provided without adjusting cold source side, the pressure change of second cavity can be adaptively adjusted to equilibrium point according to load, and the pressure change generated will not affect the side of first cavity, can guarantee the stability of liquid working medium vaporization process.As a whole, it can reduce system configuration cost and operating cost, effectively improve system reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of computer hardware, and more particularly to a phase change immersion cooling system and server clusters and data centers. Background Technology

[0002] As servers evolve towards higher power, higher integration, and ultra-large scale, chip layout density becomes increasingly compact, directly impacting individual point heat dissipation. Taking data center servers as an example, based on phase change immersion liquid cooling technology, the computing nodes in the server rack can be immersed in a phase change working fluid, such as fluorinated liquid. During system operation, the phase change working fluid exchanges heat with the heat-generating surface and boils and vaporizes, efficiently completing heat dissipation and cooling.

[0003] A typical server immersion liquid cooling system usually houses the compute nodes and condenser within a sealed cavity. This cavity is filled with a phase change refrigerant, forming a liquid pool at the bottom capable of submerging the compute nodes. Cooling water circulates through the condenser. During operation, the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat, boils, and vaporizes. The vapor rises and condenses back into liquid upon contact with the condenser surface, then flows back to the liquid pool at the bottom of the sealed cavity. The heat is then carried away by the circulating cooling water.

[0004] In a closed-loop phase change liquid cooling system, when the heat exchange capacities of the heat source (computation node side) and the cold source (condenser side) are mismatched, the boiling point of the phase change working fluid and its corresponding saturation pressure will shift accordingly, causing the closed-loop system to operate under positive or negative pressure conditions. On the one hand, a deviation of the boiling point from the design value will affect the heat exchange process; on the other hand, the presence of positive or negative pressure within the sealed cavity will generate pressure on the cavity due to the pressure difference between the cavity interior and the atmospheric environment, and excessive pressure poses a risk of structural damage.

[0005] Pressure control within a sealed cavity typically involves adjusting the pressure using electronic components based on system operating parameters. For example, a common pressure control method uses the boiling point temperature of the working fluid as a target value to control the valve opening in the cooling water circuit. By adjusting the cooling water flow rate, the cooling capacity from the cold source side is matched to the heat generated by the heat source side. However, due to the inherent lag in pressure control, pressure fluctuations occur within the sealed cavity, failing to meet the heat dissipation requirements of high-power applications. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a phase change immersion cooling system and server cluster / data center. By optimizing the phase change liquid cooling architecture, the system can effectively avoid the impact of intracavity pressure fluctuations on computing nodes while meeting the heat dissipation requirements of computing nodes, thus providing technical support for improving the operational reliability of servers.

[0007] The first aspect of this application provides a phase change immersion cooling system, which includes a first cavity, a second cavity, at least one computing node, and a condenser. The at least one computing node is located within the first cavity, which is filled with a phase change working fluid for immersing the computing node and forms a gas phase region at the top of the first cavity. The condenser is located within the second cavity and forms a liquid accumulation region at the bottom of the second cavity. The first cavity and the second cavity are connected by a first branch and a second branch. The first branch is connected to the gas phase region of the first cavity, is normally non-conductive, and can become conductive under pressure exceeding a pressure threshold within the first cavity. The second branch is connected to the liquid accumulation region of the second cavity and is unidirectionally conductive from the second cavity side to the first cavity side. In practical applications, based on the phase change immersion cooling system provided in this application embodiment, the liquid working fluid absorbs the heat generated by the computing node and vaporizes. The pressure on the first chamber side increases as the working fluid continues to vaporize. When the pressure in the gas phase region reaches a preset pressure threshold, the first branch is activated. In this state, the vaporized working fluid can be discharged into the second chamber through the first branch and liquefy upon encountering cold on the surface of the condenser. The liquid working fluid drips and collects in the liquid accumulation area at the bottom of the second chamber, and can be returned to the first chamber through the unidirectional second branch, thereby forming a liquid-cooled working fluid circulation. At the same time, the inlet and outlet of the condenser are connected to the external cold source side, and the heat exchanged to the condenser side is carried away by the cooling water, thereby forming a cooling water circulation.

[0008] With this configuration, the condenser, acting as the cold source, and the computing node, acting as the heat source, are placed in two separate chambers. Under normal conditions, the first chamber maintains a certain pressure based on a preset pressure threshold to prevent negative pressure caused by pressure fluctuations. This avoids the entry of impurities such as air and dust from the external environment into the first chamber, effectively controlling the entry of non-condensable gases and thus improving the system's heat exchange efficiency. Simultaneously, the first branch (gas path) is open only when the pressure inside the first chamber exceeds the pressure threshold, and the second branch (liquid path) is unidirectional. When there is a discrepancy between the cooling capacity distribution on the cold source side and the heat exchange requirements of the load, there is no need to adjust the cold source side (cooling water temperature or flow rate). The pressure change in the second chamber can adaptively adjust to the equilibrium point according to the load, and the resulting pressure change will not affect the first chamber side. This prevents the boiling point of the phase change working fluid in the first chamber from deviating from the system design value, effectively ensuring the stability of the liquid working fluid vaporization process and providing technical assurance for improving the system's heat exchange efficiency.

[0009] In addition, by applying the phase change immersion cooling system provided in the embodiments of this application, stable pressure control on the first cavity side is achieved without relying on complex sensors, electronic control systems and power components, which can further reduce costs and space occupation.

[0010] Furthermore, based on the system architecture with separate first and second cavities, the second cavity, which houses the condenser, can employ a thick seal. For example, but not limited to, the second cavity can be sealed by welding metal plates, and seals can also be welded at each external interface. This thick seal effectively prevents air intake or working fluid leakage, significantly mitigating pressure conditions deviating from atmospheric pressure. For the first cavity, which houses the computing nodes, a more easily maintained and operable cavity structure design can be applied while ensuring sealing, offering better design flexibility.

[0011] In practical applications, the first cavity and the second cavity can be configured in a one-to-one correspondence. For example, the first cavity and the second cavity can be arranged completely separately. Other examples include the bottom wall of the second cavity sharing a cavity wall surface with the top wall of the first cavity; or, for instance, the first cavity and the second cavity can be manufactured independently, and then the second cavity can be vertically stacked on top of the first cavity, which also provides two relatively independent sealed spaces.

[0012] In other practical applications, the first chamber and the second chamber can each be equipped with a safety valve.

[0013] Based on the first aspect, this application also provides a first implementation of the first aspect: the pressure inside the first cavity is greater than the pressure inside the second cavity. For example, the pressure inside the second cavity is negative. In this way, pressure changes on the second cavity side do not affect the advantages of the first cavity side, significantly improving the ability to cope with sudden load increases; in other words, setting the second cavity to negative pressure provides redundancy in the system's heat exchange capacity, thereby reducing the difficulty of actual control.

[0014] Based on the first aspect, or the first embodiment of the first aspect, this application also provides a second embodiment of the first aspect: the first branch includes a first pipeline and a back pressure regulating valve disposed on the first pipeline. The back pressure regulating valve is a normally closed valve, and the opening pressure of the back pressure regulating valve is a pressure threshold. Thus, the opening and degree adjustment of the back pressure regulating valve can be adaptively adjusted under the action of the intracavitary pressure of the upstream first cavity, passively realizing the regulation and control of the first branch without the need for other electrical control and power components. It features a simple and reliable structure.

[0015] In other practical applications, the first branch can also be implemented by integrating the first pipeline with the back pressure regulating valve body.

[0016] Based on the second implementation of the first aspect, this application also provides a third implementation of the first aspect: Multiple back pressure regulating valves are connected in series on the first pipeline. In this way, two back pressure regulating valves connected in series serve as backups for each other; if one fails to open normally, the other can provide conditional conduction, ensuring normal system operation. Alternatively, the first branch includes multiple first pipelines connected in parallel, with one back pressure regulating valve installed on each first pipeline. In this way, two back pressure regulating valves connected in parallel serve as backups for each other; if one fails to close normally, the other can provide conditional conduction, ensuring normal system operation. Furthermore, the first branch includes multiple first pipelines connected in parallel, with multiple back pressure regulating valves connected in series on each first pipeline. In this way, four back pressure regulating valves are connected in series and parallel as backups for each other; if any one fails to close normally or open normally, the other back pressure regulating valves 32 can provide conditional conduction, ensuring normal system operation.

[0017] Based on the third implementation of the first aspect, this application also provides a fourth implementation of the first aspect: among a plurality of back pressure regulating valves arranged in series, the opening pressure of the back pressure regulating valve located on the downstream side is less than the opening pressure of the back pressure regulating valve located on the upstream side. This arrangement avoids the influence of gas flow resistance between two back pressure regulating valves, and the smooth sequential opening of the back pressure regulating valves arranged in series effectively avoids pressure surges.

[0018] Based on the first aspect, or the first implementation of the first aspect, or the second implementation of the first aspect, or the third implementation of the first aspect, or the fourth implementation of the first aspect, this application also provides a fifth implementation of the first aspect: the second branch includes a second pipeline and a one-way valve disposed on the second pipeline, the one-way valve being configured to conduct unidirectionally from the second cavity side to the first cavity side. No other electrical control and power components are required, resulting in a simple and reliable structure.

[0019] Based on the fifth implementation of the first aspect, this application also provides a sixth implementation of the first aspect: Multiple check valves are connected in series on the second pipeline. In this way, two check valves connected in series serve as backups for each other; if one fails to open normally, the other can provide unidirectional flow, ensuring normal system operation. Alternatively, the second branch includes multiple second pipelines connected in parallel, with one check valve installed on each second pipeline. In this way, two check valves connected in series serve as backups for each other; if one fails to close normally, the other can provide unidirectional flow, ensuring normal system operation. Alternatively, the second branch includes multiple second pipelines connected in parallel, with multiple check valves connected in series on each second pipeline. In this way, four check valves connected in series and parallel serve as backups for each other; if any one fails to close normally or open normally, the other check valves can provide unidirectional flow, ensuring normal system operation.

[0020] Based on the first aspect, or the first implementation of the first aspect, or the second implementation of the first aspect, or the third implementation of the first aspect, or the fourth implementation of the first aspect, or the fifth implementation of the first aspect, or the sixth implementation of the first aspect, this application also provides a seventh implementation of the first aspect: the first cavity is located below the second cavity. In this way, the liquid working fluid in the liquid accumulation area at the bottom of the second cavity can flow back to the first cavity under gravity along the one-way valve, eliminating the need for other electrical control and power components. The structure is simple and reliable, and the system configuration and operating costs can be reasonably controlled.

[0021] Based on the first aspect, or the first implementation of the first aspect, or the second implementation of the first aspect, or the third implementation of the first aspect, or the fourth implementation of the first aspect, or the fifth implementation of the first aspect, or the sixth implementation of the first aspect, this application also provides an eighth implementation of the first aspect: the second branch further includes a working fluid pump, and the first cavity is located above the second cavity, or the first cavity is located beside the second cavity. In this way, the laterally arrangeable space can be fully utilized to adapt to the application needs of different scenarios.

[0022] Based on the first aspect, or the first implementation of the first aspect, or the second implementation of the first aspect, or the third implementation of the first aspect, or the fourth implementation of the first aspect, or the fifth implementation of the first aspect, or the sixth implementation of the first aspect, or the seventh implementation of the first aspect, or the eighth implementation of the first aspect, this application also provides a ninth implementation of the first aspect: a first cavity is correspondingly arranged with a plurality of second cavities, and each second cavity is connected to the first cavity through a corresponding first branch and a second branch. In this way, based on the condensation capacity that the plurality of second cavities can provide to a high-load first cavity, the supply demand on the cold source side can be reduced; at the same time, the actual configuration on the cold source side can be lower than the sum of the full loads of the first cavities, which can fully utilize the cooling capacity of the phase change working fluid and improve the overall resource utilization efficiency. Alternatively, the second cavity is correspondingly arranged with a plurality of first cavities, and each first cavity is connected to the second cavity through a corresponding first branch and a second branch. In this way, the system architecture is simplified because the second chamber can provide condensation capacity to multiple first chambers. At the same time, when one of the second chambers for condensation heat exchange fails during system operation, the other second chambers can provide condensation heat exchange capacity, which can effectively avoid the computing node from overheating and being damaged due to the inability to exchange heat, and provide a buffer time for maintenance personnel to arrive on site, thus having good maintainability.

[0023] In practical applications, the second branch also includes a shut-off valve. For example, this shut-off valve can be a manual ball valve. When a fault occurs in a first chamber or a second chamber, the shut-off valve can be manually closed. This allows for complete isolation and maintenance without affecting the normal operation of other first or second chambers, thus providing good reliability.

[0024] Based on the first aspect, or the first embodiment of the first aspect, or the second embodiment of the first aspect, or the third embodiment of the first aspect, or the fourth embodiment of the first aspect, or the fifth embodiment of the first aspect, or the sixth embodiment of the first aspect, or the seventh embodiment of the first aspect, or the eighth embodiment of the first aspect, or the ninth embodiment of the first aspect, this application also provides a tenth embodiment of the first aspect: a flow regulating valve is provided on the water supply branch of the condenser, and the flow regulating valve can adjust its opening according to the pressure inside the second cavity. With this configuration, when the pressure inside the second cavity deviates from a preset adjustment threshold, the opening of the flow regulating valve can be controlled according to the pressure inside the second cavity. For example, when the pressure inside the second cavity is lower than the adjustment threshold, the flow regulating valve can be controlled to reduce its opening to avoid excessive water supply energy consumption and reduce operating costs.

[0025] A second aspect of this application provides a server cluster including at least one computing node, wherein the at least one computing node employs a phase change immersion cooling system as described above for heat dissipation. Based on the phase change immersion cooling system provided in this application, good heat dissipation performance can be provided for the corresponding computing node, while avoiding the potential impact of pressure fluctuations on the system's heat exchange performance.

[0026] A third aspect of this application provides a data center including at least one computing node and a phase change immersion cooling system as described above. In practical applications, the power consumption of each computing node in the data center fluctuates to varying degrees, resulting in corresponding changes in the cooling capacity allocated to each computing node. Based on the phase change immersion cooling system provided in this application, when the cooling capacity allocated to the server changes and does not match the heat dissipation requirements of the computing node, the pressure change in the second chamber can be adaptively adjusted to an equilibrium point according to the load. The resulting pressure change will not affect the first chamber, preventing the boiling point of the phase change working fluid in the first chamber from deviating from the system design value and effectively ensuring the stability of the liquid working fluid vaporization process. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 2A schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a phase change immersion cooling system provided in this application embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of yet another phase change immersion cooling system provided in this application embodiment;

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of yet another phase change immersion cooling system provided in this application embodiment;

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of yet another phase change immersion cooling system provided in this application embodiment;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0036] This application provides a solution for a split-type phase change immersion cooling system, which can avoid pressure fluctuations on the computing node side and provide good technical support for improving the operational reliability and performance evolution of the server.

[0037] In related technologies, based on phase change immersion liquid cooling, server computing nodes can be immersed in a phase change working fluid, such as fluorinated liquid. During system operation, the phase change working fluid exchanges heat with the heat-generating surface and then boils and vaporizes, efficiently completing heat dissipation and cooling. A typical server immersion liquid cooling system houses the computing nodes and condenser within a sealed cavity. The sealed cavity is filled with a phase change working fluid, forming a liquid pool at the bottom that can immerse the computing nodes. The condenser is located above the computing nodes, and cooling water flows through it. During operation, the heat generated by the computing nodes is exchanged with the liquid phase change working fluid (hereinafter referred to as the liquid working fluid). The liquid working fluid absorbs heat and boils and vaporizes. The vaporized phase change working fluid (hereinafter referred to as the vaporized working fluid) rises and cools on the condenser surface, becoming liquid again, before flowing back to the liquid pool at the bottom of the sealed cavity. Simultaneously, the heat exchanged with the condenser side is carried away by the circulating cooling water.

[0038] Typically, a closed cavity contains both vapor and liquid phases in equilibrium, a state of dynamic equilibrium saturation, which allows for stable heat absorption and release. The temperature and pressure at saturation correspond one-to-one and are referred to as saturation temperature and saturation pressure, respectively. However, in a phase change liquid-cooled closed system, when the heat exchange capacity of the heat source (computation node side) and the cold source (condenser side) is mismatched, the boiling point of the phase change working fluid and its corresponding saturation pressure will shift accordingly, causing the closed system to operate under positive or negative pressure conditions. For example, if the heat exchange capacity on the condenser side is insufficient, the vaporized working fluid produced after absorbing heat cannot be condensed in time, leading to an increase in the mass of vaporized working fluid within the closed cavity. This, in turn, increases the pressure within the cavity, and simultaneously raises the temperature of the phase change working fluid, resulting in an increase in its boiling point and corresponding saturation pressure.

[0039] A boiling point deviation from the system design value will affect the system's heat exchange efficiency. Positive or negative pressure within the sealed cavity will create pressure on the cavity due to the pressure difference between the cavity's interior and the atmospheric environment. Excessive pressure poses a risk of structural damage and even leakage. A typical pressure control method for sealed cavities is to use the boiling point temperature of the working fluid as a target value and control the valve opening in the cooling water circuit. By adjusting the cooling water flow rate, the cooling capacity supplied to the cold source side is matched to the heat generated by the heat source side. However, this method of pressure regulation using electronic control components based on system operating parameters has a certain lag. For example, if the heat exchange capacity on the condenser side is insufficient and the cavity temperature rises, the valve opening can be increased to increase the cooling capacity supply. However, it takes time for the heat to be removed through heat exchange between the condenser and the vaporized working fluid, and vice versa. This leads to pressure fluctuations within the sealed cavity. In high-power scenarios, the cavity pressure may change rapidly within seconds, making the pressure fluctuations caused by the above-mentioned pressure regulation method even more pronounced.

[0040] In addition, the method of adjusting pressure based on system operating parameters using electronic control components means that the reliability of the corresponding sensors, electronic control systems and power components directly affects the reliability of pressure control. It is impossible to reasonably control configuration and maintenance costs, and the system is complex and occupies a large space.

[0041] Based on this, this application provides a phase change immersion cooling system, which includes a first cavity, a second cavity, a computing node, and a condenser. The computing node is located in the first cavity, which can be filled with a phase change working fluid for immersing the computing node, and a gas phase region can be formed at the top of the first cavity. The condenser is located in the second cavity, and a liquid accumulation region can be formed at the bottom of the second cavity. The first cavity and the second cavity are connected by a first branch and a second branch. The first branch is connected to the gas phase region of the first cavity. The first branch is normally non-conductive, but can be conductive under the pressure inside the first cavity that is greater than the pressure threshold. The second branch is connected to the liquid accumulation region of the second cavity, and the second branch is unidirectionally conductive from the second cavity side to the first cavity side.

[0042] Here, the "gas phase region" refers to the top area within the first cavity that contains the gaseous working fluid. After rising to the gas phase region, the gaseous working fluid can be discharged to the second cavity side via the first branch. Correspondingly, the bottom area within the first cavity below the "gas phase region" that contains the liquid working fluid is called the "liquid phase region." During server operation, this liquid phase region also contains vaporized gaseous working fluid that gradually rises. It should be understood that, based on the characteristic that the liquid level of the working fluid changes accordingly as vaporization proceeds, the "liquid phase region" and "gas phase region" do not refer to two areas within the cavity with a definite physical boundary.

[0043] Furthermore, the term "phase change working fluid immersing the computing node" here includes the case where the computing node to be cooled is completely below the working fluid surface, i.e., fully immersed; it also includes the case where part of the computing node to be cooled is below the working fluid surface, i.e., partially immersed. Any method that can effectively dissipate heat from the computing node is acceptable, and the embodiments in this application are not limited to any particular case.

[0044] Based on the phase change immersion cooling system provided in this application embodiment, the liquid working fluid absorbs the heat generated by the computing node and vaporizes. The pressure on the first chamber side increases as the working fluid continues to vaporize. When the pressure in the gas phase region reaches a preset pressure threshold, the first branch is activated. In this state, the vaporized working fluid can be discharged into the second chamber through the first branch and liquefy upon encountering cold on the surface of the condenser. The liquid working fluid drips and collects in the liquid accumulation area at the bottom of the second chamber, and can be returned to the first chamber through the unidirectional second branch, thereby forming a liquid-cooled working fluid circulation. At the same time, the inlet and outlet of the condenser are connected to the external cold source side, and the heat exchanged to the condenser side is carried away by the cooling water, thereby forming a cooling water circulation.

[0045] With this configuration, the condenser, acting as the cold source, and the computing node, acting as the heat source, are placed in two separate chambers. Under normal conditions, the first chamber maintains a certain pressure based on a preset pressure threshold to prevent negative pressure caused by pressure fluctuations. This avoids the entry of impurities such as air and dust from the external environment into the first chamber, effectively controlling the entry of non-condensable gases and thus improving the system's heat exchange efficiency. Simultaneously, the first branch (gas path) is open only when the pressure inside the first chamber exceeds the pressure threshold, and the second branch (liquid path) is unidirectional. When there is a difference between the cooling capacity distribution on the cold source side and the heat exchange requirements of the load, there is no need to adjust the cold source side (cooling water temperature or flow rate). The first branch is a passive pressure control method with good tracking performance. Pressure changes in the second chamber can be adaptively adjusted to the equilibrium point according to the load, and the resulting pressure changes will not affect the first chamber side. The pressure inside the first chamber can be controlled to fluctuate within a small range. For example, when the power consumption of the computing node decreases and the vaporization amount decreases, the pressure inside the first cavity drops, and the first branch can be closed or its flow rate reduced. Conversely, when the power consumption of the computing node increases and the vaporization amount increases, the first branch can be opened or its flow rate increased. This prevents the boiling point of the phase change working fluid in the first cavity from deviating far from the system design value, effectively ensuring the stability of the liquid working fluid vaporization process and providing technical support for improving the system's heat exchange efficiency.

[0046] In addition, by applying the phase change immersion cooling system provided in the embodiments of this application, stable pressure control on the first cavity side is achieved without relying on complex sensors, electronic control systems and power components, which can further reduce costs and space occupation.

[0047] Furthermore, based on the system architecture with separate first and second cavities, the second cavity, which houses the condenser, can employ a thick seal. For example, but not limited to, the second cavity can be sealed by welding metal plates, and seals can also be welded at each external interface. This thick seal effectively prevents air intake or working fluid leakage, significantly mitigating pressure conditions deviating from atmospheric pressure. For the first cavity, which houses the computing nodes, a more easily maintained and operable cavity structure design can be applied while ensuring sealing, offering better design flexibility.

[0048] To better understand the technical solutions and effects of this application, and without loss of generality, specific embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Please refer to... Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of a data center phase change liquid cooling architecture provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0049] like Figure 1As shown, the phase change immersion cooling system 10 includes a first cavity 1 and a second cavity 2, which are connected by a first branch 3 and a second branch 4. The first branch 3 is used for air passage from the first cavity 1 side to the second cavity 2 side, and the second branch 4 is used for liquid passage from the second cavity 2 side to the first cavity 1 side.

[0050] The computation node 5 and condenser 6 of the phase change immersion cooling system 10 are respectively located in two independent sealed cavities. The computation node 5 is located in the first cavity 1. After the liquid working fluid in the bottom liquid phase zone L vaporizes, the vaporized working fluid rises to the top vapor phase zone G and can be discharged into the second cavity 2 through the first branch 3 when the pressure inside the first cavity 1 exceeds a pressure threshold. The condenser 6 is located in the second cavity 2. The vaporized working fluid entering the second cavity 2 liquefies upon cooling on the surface of the condenser 6, and the liquid working fluid drips and collects in the liquid accumulation zone S at the bottom of the second cavity 2.

[0051] This implementation provides sealed spaces for both computing node 5 and condenser 6, thereby preventing pressure changes on the second cavity 2 (where the condenser is located) from affecting the first cavity 1 (where computing node 5 is located). Specifically, the first branch 3 is normally non-conductive, but can become conductive under pressure exceeding a pressure threshold within the first cavity 1; that is, the first branch 3 is conditionally conductive. The second branch 4 connects to the liquid accumulation area S in the second cavity 2 and is unidirectionally conductive from the second cavity 2 side to the first cavity 1 side.

[0052] The first branch 3 includes a first pipeline 31 and a back pressure regulating valve 32 installed on the first pipeline 31. The opening pressure of the back pressure regulating valve 32 is a preset pressure threshold, which controls the opening and closing of the back pressure regulating valve 32 according to the pressure inside the first cavity 1. The opening degree of the back pressure regulating valve 32 can be adaptively adjusted according to the pressure inside the upstream first cavity 1, thereby passively realizing the regulation and control of the first branch 3, that is, no other electrical control and power components are required. The first pipeline 31 is connected to the first cavity 1 of the vapor phase region G, that is, the exhaust port of the first cavity 1 is located in the vapor phase region G, which ensures that the gas is discharged through the first branch 3.

[0053] The second branch 4 includes a second pipe 41 and a one-way valve 42. The inlet of the one-way valve 42 is connected to the second cavity 2, and the outlet of the one-way valve 42 is connected to the first cavity 1. The second branch 4 is connected to the second cavity 2 in the liquid accumulation area S, meaning that the outlet of the second cavity 2 is located in the liquid accumulation area S, thus ensuring reliable liquid extraction by the second branch 4. In this embodiment, the second cavity 2 is located above the first cavity 1, so that the liquid working medium in the liquid accumulation area S at the bottom of the second cavity 2 can be returned to the first cavity 1 by its own weight through the second branch 4.

[0054] In other specific implementations, the first cavity 1 and the second cavity 2 are not limited to the completely separate arrangement shown in the figure. For example, the bottom wall of the second cavity 2 can share a cavity wall surface with the top wall of the first cavity 1 (not shown in the figure), which can also provide two relatively independent sealed spaces; as another example, the first cavity 1 and the second cavity 2 can be manufactured independently, and then the second cavity 2 is arranged vertically stacked on the first cavity 1 (not shown in the figure). It should be understood that as long as two sealed spaces can be provided, it is acceptable, and the embodiments of this application are not limited. In comparison, the first cavity 1 and the second cavity 2 are arranged vertically in a completely separated manner, which makes it more convenient to arrange the system layout according to the available space.

[0055] Of course, regarding the arrangement where the bottom wall of the second cavity 2 shares a wall with the top wall of the first cavity 1, and the second cavity 2 is vertically stacked on the first cavity 1, in one specific implementation, the liquid outlet of the second cavity 2 can be opened on its side wall, and preferably opened at a position near the bottom wall of the side wall of the second cavity 2. The height of the liquid intake port is configured at a relatively low position to reasonably control the overall injection volume of the phase change working fluid in the system. Correspondingly, the exhaust port of the first cavity 1 can also be opened on its side wall, and preferably opened at a position near the top wall of the side wall of the first cavity 1, which can minimize the flow resistance of the gas path. In another specific implementation, a liquid inlet can be opened on the bottom wall of the second cavity 2 and the top wall (or a common wall) of the first cavity 1. A one-way valve 42 is installed in the liquid inlet, on the side of the liquid inlet closer to the first cavity 1, or on the side of the liquid inlet closer to the second cavity 2, to achieve one-way liquid flow. Correspondingly, an air inlet can be opened on the bottom wall of the second cavity 2 and the top wall (or a common wall) of the first cavity 1. A back pressure regulating valve 32 is installed in the air inlet, on the side of the air inlet closer to the first cavity 1, or on the side of the air inlet closer to the second cavity 2, to achieve conditional air flow.

[0056] Furthermore, regarding the structural form of the first branch 3 and the second branch 4, in other possible implementations, the pipeline and valve body can be integrated into one unit; that is, the valve body of the back pressure regulating valve 32 is integrated with the pipe body of the first pipeline 31, which can also achieve conditional conduction of the first branch 3, and the valve body of the one-way valve 42 is integrated with the second pipeline 41, which can also achieve unidirectional conduction of the second branch 4. The specific implementation can be determined according to the overall product design requirements, and this application embodiment does not limit it.

[0057] In practical implementation, for system pressure distribution, the pressure inside the first chamber 1 can be greater than the pressure inside the second chamber 2. The pressure inside the first chamber 1 can be maintained at a slightly positive pressure, for example, but not limited to 1 kPa or 2 kPa, which can be adjusted by the opening pressure of the back pressure regulating valve 32. Correspondingly, the pressure inside the second chamber 2 can be maintained at a negative pressure, which can be determined according to the system load and the characteristics of the phase change working fluid. When there is a difference between the cooling capacity distribution on the cold source side and the heat exchange demand on the load side, the temperature and flow rate of the cooling water remain constant, and the pressure change of the second chamber can be adaptively adjusted to the equilibrium point. If there are requirements for the working pressure range of the second chamber, the temperature or flow rate of the cooling water can be additionally controlled.

[0058] The following uses the injection of fluorinated liquid as an example to briefly explain... Figure 1 The diagram shows typical operating conditions for a phase change immersion cooling system. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0059] During system operation, cooling water from the cold source side is input to the condenser 6 at a fixed flow rate, and the cooling water temperature is 40℃. When the pressure inside the first chamber 1 reaches the pressure threshold, i.e., the opening pressure of the back pressure regulating valve 32, the back pressure regulating valve 32 will passively open under pressure and its opening degree can be adaptively and passively adjusted. When the pressure inside the first chamber 1 is lower than the opening pressure of the back pressure regulating valve 32, the back pressure regulating valve 32 is in a closed state, and the first branch 3 is not conductive.

[0060] Under low load conditions, such as Figure 2 As shown in Figure (a), the vaporization rate in the first chamber 1 is relatively small, and the internal pressure is low, for example, no more than 1 kPa. Correspondingly, the back pressure regulating valve 32 has a relatively small opening, and the internal pressure of the second chamber 2 is adjusted accordingly to achieve thermal equilibrium. Under this condition, the cooling water temperature output by the condenser 6 is 42℃, the internal pressure of the second chamber 2 is -15 kPa, and the condensation point is 44℃, which can meet the heat exchange requirements under low load. Under high load conditions, such as... Figure 2 As shown in Figure (b), when the vaporization rate in the first chamber 1 increases, the pressure inside the chamber tends to rise, for example, not exceeding 2 kPa. The opening of the back pressure regulating valve 32 is then adaptively increased, and the pressure inside the second chamber 2 gradually adjusts to thermal equilibrium. Under this condition, the cooling water temperature output by the condenser 6 is 45°C, the pressure inside the second chamber 2 is -2 kPa, and the condensation point is 48°C, which can meet the heat exchange requirements under high load.

[0061] When the system load changes dynamically, if the amount of vaporization in the first chamber 1 decreases (e.g., no vapor flow is generated), the opening of the back pressure regulating valve 32 is adaptively reduced or closed as the pressure inside the chamber decreases. This ensures that the pressure fluctuation in the first chamber 1 only fluctuates within a small range and is not affected by the pressure drop on the second chamber 2 side. In this way, the pressure on the first chamber 1 side is stabilized passively based on the back pressure regulating valve 32, preventing pressure fluctuations from falling into a negative pressure state, thus exhibiting good system operational reliability.

[0062] To improve safety and reliability, the first chamber 1 and the second chamber 2 can each be equipped with a safety valve.

[0063] For example Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a first safety valve 7 is provided on the first chamber 1 side. When the pressure inside the first chamber 1 exceeds the safety threshold range, the first safety valve 7 opens. For example, in the event of a failure such as the back pressure regulating valve 32 malfunctioning, causing the pressure inside the first chamber 1 to exceed the maximum pressure value of the safety threshold range, air can be vented to the external environment through the first safety valve; as another example, in the event of a failure such as the back pressure regulating valve 32 failing to close, causing the pressure inside the first chamber 1 to be less than the minimum pressure value of the safety threshold range, air can be drawn in through the first safety valve.

[0064] Similarly, a second safety valve 8 is provided on the side of the second chamber 2. When the pressure inside the second chamber 2 exceeds the safety threshold range, the second safety valve 8 opens. For example, in the event of a failure such as a cold source malfunction, the second safety valve 8 opens to release gas, ensuring that the second chamber 2 does not become overpressured.

[0065] To further improve system reliability, in the specific implementation, the back pressure regulating valve 32 of the first branch 3 and the one-way valve 42 of the second branch 4 can be designed as backups for each other. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 This figure is a schematic diagram of another phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application. In order to clearly show the differences and connections between this embodiment and the foregoing embodiments, the same functional components or structures are indicated by the same reference numerals in the figure.

[0066] and Figure 1 Compared to the described phase change immersion cooling system, the difference in this embodiment is that the first branch 3 includes two back pressure regulating valves 32 arranged in series. For example... Figure 3 As shown, two back pressure regulating valves 32 are connected in series on the first pipeline 31. In this way, the two back pressure regulating valves 32 serve as backups for each other. If one of them fails to open normally, the other can provide conditional conduction to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0067] To avoid pressure surges in the first branch 3 of the series-connected back pressure regulating valves 32, preferably, in the gas discharge direction from the first chamber 1 to the second chamber 2, the opening pressure of the downstream back pressure regulating valve 32 can be lower than the opening pressure of the upstream back pressure regulating valve 32. This avoids the influence of gas flow resistance between the two back pressure regulating valves 32, ensuring smooth sequential opening of the series-connected back pressure regulating valves 32 and effectively preventing repeated opening and closing of the regulating valves due to pressure surges.

[0068] Similarly, the second branch 4 includes two check valves 42 arranged in series. For example... Figure 3 As shown, two one-way valves 42 are connected in series on the second pipeline 41. In this way, the two one-way valves 42 serve as backups for each other. If one of them fails to open normally, the other can provide one-way conduction to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0069] In practical applications, replacement should be performed as soon as possible after the aforementioned fault occurs. Of course, the back pressure regulating valve 32 and check valve 42 arranged in series are not limited to the two shown in the figure. Other possible implementations can also be configured according to the overall system design requirements, such as, but not limited to, three or more back pressure regulating valves 32 and three or more check valves 42, taking into account both cost and the reliability of backup redundancy. This application's embodiments are not limited.

[0070] Other functional components and specific implementations can be the same as those in the aforementioned embodiments. They will not be repeated here.

[0071] For a mutual backup architecture, other configuration methods can also be used. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4 This figure is a schematic diagram of another phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application. In order to clearly show the differences and connections between this embodiment and the foregoing embodiments, the same functional components or structures are indicated by the same reference numerals in the figure.

[0072] and Figure 3 Compared to the described phase change immersion cooling system, the difference in this implementation is that the first branch 3 includes two back pressure regulating valves 32 connected in parallel. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the first branch 3 includes two first pipelines 31 connected in parallel between the first cavity 1 and the second cavity 2, and two back pressure regulating valves 32 are respectively installed on the two first pipelines 31. In this way, the two back pressure regulating valves 32 serve as backups for each other. If one of them fails to close normally, the other can provide conditional conduction to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0073] Similarly, the second branch 4 includes two check valves 42 connected in parallel. For example... Figure 4As shown, the second branch 4 includes two second pipelines 41 connected in parallel between the first cavity 1 and the second cavity 2, and two one-way valves 42 are respectively installed on the two second pipelines 41. In this way, the two one-way valves 42 serve as backups for each other. If one of them fails to close normally, the other can provide one-way conduction to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0074] The back pressure regulating valve 32 and check valve 42 configured in parallel are not limited to the two shown in the figure. Other possible implementations can also be configured according to the overall system design requirements, such as, but not limited to, three or more back pressure regulating valves 32 and three or more check valves 42, taking into account both cost and the reliability of backup redundancy. This application does not limit the specific implementation.

[0075] Other functional components and specific implementations can be the same as those in the aforementioned embodiments. They will not be repeated here.

[0076] Please see Figure 5 This figure is a schematic diagram of another phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application. In order to clearly show the differences and connections between this embodiment and the foregoing embodiments, the same functional components or structures are indicated by the same reference numerals in the figure.

[0077] and Figure 3 and Figure 4 Compared to the described phase change immersion cooling system, the difference in this implementation is that the first branch 3 includes four back pressure regulating valves 32 arranged in series and parallel. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the first branch 3 includes two first pipes 31 connected in parallel between the first cavity 1 and the second cavity 2, and two back pressure regulating valves 32 are connected in series on each of the two first pipes 31. In this way, the four back pressure regulating valves 32 serve as backups for each other. If any one of them fails to close normally or open normally, the other back pressure regulating valves 32 can provide conditional conduction to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0078] Similarly, the second branch 4 includes four check valves 42 arranged in series and parallel. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the second branch 4 includes two second pipelines 41 connected in parallel between the first cavity 1 and the second cavity 2, and two one-way valves 42 are connected in series on each of the two second pipelines 41. In this way, the four one-way valves 42 serve as backups for each other. If any one of them fails to close normally or open normally, the other one-way valves 42 can provide one-way conduction to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0079] The back pressure regulating valve 32 and the one-way valve 42, which are configured in series and parallel, are not limited to the four shown in the figure. Other possible implementations can also be configured according to the overall system design requirements, and this application embodiment does not limit them.

[0080] Other functional components and specific implementations can be the same as those in the aforementioned embodiments. They will not be repeated here.

[0081] In the foregoing embodiments, the second cavity 2 is located above the first cavity 1. In other specific implementations, the second cavity 2 can also be arranged below the first cavity 1 according to the available space, thereby allowing the liquid working medium in the bottom accumulation area of ​​the second cavity 2 to flow back to the first cavity 1 under the action of gravity along the one-way valve 42. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 This figure is a schematic diagram of another phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application. In order to clearly show the differences and connections between this embodiment and the foregoing embodiments, the same functional components or structures are indicated by the same reference numerals in the figure.

[0082] Compared with the aforementioned embodiments, the difference in this implementation is that: the second cavity 2 is located below the first cavity 1, and the second branch 4 also includes a working fluid pump 43. Figure 6 As shown, the working fluid pump 43 and the one-way valve 42 are connected in series in the second pipeline 41. In this way, the working fluid pump 43 reverses gravity to pump out the liquid working fluid in the liquid accumulation area S at the bottom of the second chamber 2 and deliver it to the first chamber 1 to achieve liquid replenishment.

[0083] In a specific implementation, the working fluid pump 43 can be located on the side of the second branch 4 near the first cavity 1, or it can be located on the side of the second branch 4 near the second cavity 2 as shown in the figure. If the working fluid pump 43 is located near the second cavity 2, it can be placed inside the second cavity 2 to reduce the flow resistance on the suction side and reasonably control the path pressure of the second branch 4.

[0084] Other functional components and specific implementations can be the same as those in the aforementioned embodiments. They will not be repeated here.

[0085] Of course, besides arranging the first cavity 1 and the second cavity 2 vertically opposite each other, in other possible implementations, the first cavity 1 and the second cavity 2 can also be arranged horizontally opposite each other (not shown in the figure), with one located beside the other, to adapt to the available space in different scenarios. Similarly, for the first cavity 1 and the second cavity 2 arranged horizontally opposite each other, the second branch 4 also needs to include a working fluid pump 43, which pumps out the liquid working fluid from the liquid accumulation area S at the bottom of the second cavity 2 to replenish the liquid on the first cavity 1 side.

[0086] In the foregoing embodiments, the phase change immersion cooling system can operate without control on the cold source side; typically, the cold source side (cooling water temperature and flow rate) requires a fixed cooling capacity configured at full system load. To further improve energy efficiency, a flow regulation function can be added to the cold source's water supply side. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7This figure is a schematic diagram of another phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application. In order to clearly show the differences and connections between this embodiment and the foregoing embodiments, the same functional components or structures are indicated by the same reference numerals in the figure.

[0087] and Figure 1 Compared to the described phase change immersion cooling system, the difference in this implementation scheme is that: Figure 7 As shown, a flow regulating valve 62 is installed on the water supply branch 61 of the condenser 6. In a specific implementation, when the pressure inside the second chamber 2 deviates from the preset adjustment threshold, the opening of the flow regulating valve 62 can be controlled according to the pressure inside the second chamber 2. For example, when the pressure inside the second chamber 2 is lower than the adjustment threshold, the opening of the flow regulating valve 62 can be reduced to avoid excessive water supply energy consumption.

[0088] Preferably, the adjustment threshold can be a negative pressure value that maintains a negative pressure inside the second cavity 2. Compared to the traditional implementation scheme where the condenser side and the computing node side are placed in a sealed cavity, this implementation scheme uses 0 kPa as the adjustment preset value so that the cavity tends to be at normal pressure. When the load suddenly increases, pressure fluctuations that affect heat exchange are inevitable. However, in the embodiment of this application, combined with the advantage that the pressure change on the second cavity 2 side will not affect the first cavity 1 side, the adjustment threshold can be set to a negative pressure value accordingly, which can greatly improve the ability to cope with sudden load increases. In other words, based on the setting of this adjustment threshold, a redundancy space for the system's heat exchange capacity can be provided, thereby reducing the actual control difficulty.

[0089] In a specific implementation, the flow regulating valve 62 can be an electrically controlled valve. It can collect the pressure inside the second chamber 2 through a sensor (pressure sensor) and feed it back to the electronic control unit. The electronic control unit outputs control commands according to a preset control strategy to adjust the opening degree of the flow regulating valve 62.

[0090] In other specific implementations, the flow regulating valve 62 can also be a pressure control valve, that is, the control valve port for adjusting the valve core opening is connected to the second cavity 2. In this way, the pressure inside the second cavity 2 can act on the flow regulating valve 62 to adjust the opening, which can also achieve the functions of avoiding excessive water supply energy consumption and providing redundant heat exchange capacity. The specific choice can be made according to the overall system design requirements, and the embodiments in this application are not limited.

[0091] Other functional components and specific implementations can be the same as those in the aforementioned embodiments. They will not be repeated here.

[0092] The phase change immersion cooling system described in the foregoing embodiments is configured in a one-to-one correspondence between the first cavity 1 for setting up computing nodes and the second cavity 2 for setting up condensers. However, in other specific implementations, a non-one-to-one correspondence configuration may also be used. Please refer to... Figure 8This figure is a schematic diagram of another phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application. In order to clearly show the differences and connections between this embodiment and the foregoing embodiments, the same functional components or structures are indicated by the same reference numerals in the figure.

[0093] like Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, two first cavities 1 are configured with one second cavity 2, and the two first cavities 1 and the second cavity 2 respectively form a liquid cooling cycle. This configuration achieves pooling of the cold source side for multiple first cavities 1 used for immersion computing nodes 5; that is, multiple first cavities 1 share the second cavity 2 for condensation heat exchange. In this case, the system architecture can be simplified by utilizing the condensation capacity provided by one second cavity 2 for multiple first cavities 1. Simultaneously, the actual configuration on the cold source side can be lower than the sum of the full loads of each first cavity 1, fully utilizing the cooling capacity of the phase change working fluid and improving overall resource utilization efficiency.

[0094] In other specific implementations, a system architecture in which multiple first cavities 1 share a second cavity 2 may also be adopted, which is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0095] In the case where multiple first chambers 1 share a second chamber 2 for condensation and heat exchange, in order to further avoid the potential impact of a malfunction in one of the first chambers 1, for example... Figure 8 As shown, a shut-off valve 44, such as a manual ball valve, can be installed on the second pipeline 42 to reduce operating costs and improve reliability. Specifically, when a fault occurs in a first cavity 1, the shut-off valve 44 is manually closed. This keeps the corresponding first branch 3 and second branch 4 of that first cavity 1 in a non-conductive state, completely isolating it from the second cavity 2 side for maintenance, without affecting the normal operation of other first cavities 1. This provides good reliability.

[0096] Other functional components and specific implementations can be the same as those in the aforementioned embodiments. They will not be repeated here.

[0097] Additionally, please see Figure 9 This figure is a schematic diagram of another phase change immersion cooling system provided in an embodiment of this application. In order to clearly show the differences and connections between this embodiment and the foregoing embodiments, the same functional components or structures are indicated by the same reference numerals in the figure.

[0098] like Figure 9As shown in this embodiment, a first cavity 1 is configured with two second cavities 2, and the first cavity 1 and the two second cavities 2 respectively form a liquid cooling cycle. With this configuration, for a first cavity 1 with a high load, multiple second cavities 2 for condensation and heat exchange are configured accordingly. In this case, based on the condensation capacity provided by multiple second cavities 2 to a high-load first cavity 1, the supply demand on the cold source side can be reduced. Simultaneously, during system operation, if one of the second cavities 2 for condensation and heat exchange fails, the other second cavities 2 can provide condensation and heat exchange capacity, effectively preventing the computing node 5 from overheating and being damaged due to lack of heat exchange, providing a buffer time for maintenance personnel to arrive, and exhibiting good maintainability.

[0099] Similarly, in the case where the first cavity 1 is configured with multiple second cavities 2 for condensation and heat exchange, for example... Figure 9 As shown, a shut-off valve 44, such as a manual ball valve 9, can be installed on the second pipeline 42. Specifically, when a fault occurs in a certain second cavity 2, the shut-off valve 44 can be manually closed. In this way, the first branch 3 and the second branch 4 corresponding to that second cavity 2 are both in a non-conductive state, completely isolated from the first cavity 1 side for operation and maintenance, without affecting the normal operation of other second cavities 2. It has good reliability.

[0100] Other functional components and specific implementations can be the same as those in the aforementioned embodiments. They will not be repeated here.

[0101] It should be understood that the back pressure regulating valve, check valve, safety valve, and working fluid pump of this phase change immersion cooling system can be implemented based on existing technology, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0102] In addition to the aforementioned phase change immersion cooling system, embodiments of this application also provide a server. This server includes a computing node, which employs... Figures 1 to 9 The described phase change immersion cooling system achieves heat dissipation. Based on the phase change immersion cooling system provided in the embodiments of this application, it can provide good heat dissipation performance for the corresponding computing nodes, while avoiding the impact of pressure fluctuations on the system's heat exchange performance.

[0103] In particular, this server is especially suitable for high-power, highly integrated, and ultra-large-scale data centers and server clusters. Data centers typically include a large number of server racks. In practical applications, the power consumption of each server and its internal computing nodes will fluctuate to varying degrees, resulting in corresponding changes in the cooling capacity allocated to the cooling systems of each server. Based on the phase change immersion cooling system provided in this application embodiment, when the cooling capacity allocated to the server changes and does not match the heat dissipation requirements of the computing nodes within the server, the pressure change in the second chamber (condensation chamber) can be adaptively adjusted to the equilibrium point according to the load. The resulting pressure change will not affect the first chamber (node ​​chamber), thus preventing the boiling point of the phase change working fluid in the first chamber from deviating from the system design value and effectively ensuring the stability of the liquid working fluid vaporization process.

[0104] It should be understood that other functions of the corresponding server are not the core inventive points of this application, and therefore will not be elaborated upon here.

[0105] Furthermore, the ordinal numbers "first" and "second," etc., used herein are only for describing the composition or structure of the same function in the technical solution. It is understood that the use of the aforementioned ordinal numbers does not constitute a limitation on the understanding of the technical solution for which protection is sought in this application.

[0106] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phase change immersion cooling system, characterized in that, The phase change immersion cooling system includes a first chamber, a second chamber, at least one computing node, and a condenser; The at least one computing node is located in the first cavity, which can be filled with a phase change working fluid for immersing the at least one computing node, and a gas phase region can be formed at the top of the first cavity. The condenser is disposed in the second cavity and can form a liquid accumulation area in the lower part of the second cavity; The first cavity and the second cavity are connected by a first branch and a second branch. The first branch is connected to the gas phase region of the first cavity. The first branch is normally non-conductive, but can be made conductive under the action of the intracavitary pressure of the first cavity that is greater than the pressure threshold. The second branch is connected to the liquid accumulation area of ​​the second cavity, and the second branch is unidirectionally connected from the second cavity side to the first cavity side.

2. The phase change immersion cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure inside the first cavity is greater than the pressure inside the second cavity.

3. The phase change immersion cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The pressure inside the second cavity is negative.

4. The phase change immersion cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first branch includes a first pipeline and a back pressure regulating valve disposed on the first pipeline. The back pressure regulating valve is a normally closed valve, and the opening pressure of the back pressure regulating valve is the pressure threshold.

5. The phase change immersion cooling system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Multiple back pressure regulating valves are connected in series on the first pipeline; Alternatively, the first branch may include multiple first pipelines arranged in parallel, with one of the back pressure regulating valves installed on each first pipeline, or multiple back pressure regulating valves arranged in series on each first pipeline.

6. The phase change immersion cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that, Among the multiple back pressure regulating valves arranged in series, the opening pressure of the back pressure regulating valve located on the downstream side is less than the opening pressure of the back pressure regulating valve located on the upstream side.

7. The phase change immersion cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The second branch includes a second pipeline and a one-way valve disposed on the second pipeline, wherein the one-way valve is configured to allow one-way flow from the second cavity side to the first cavity side.

8. The phase change immersion cooling system according to claim 7, characterized in that, Multiple check valves are connected in series on the second pipeline; Alternatively, the second branch may include multiple second pipelines arranged in parallel, with one of the check valves installed on each second pipeline, or multiple check valves arranged in series on each second pipeline.

9. The phase change immersion cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The first cavity is located below the second cavity.

10. The phase change immersion cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The second branch also includes a working fluid pump, with the first cavity located above the second cavity, or the first cavity located beside the second cavity.

11. The phase change immersion cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The first cavity and the second cavity are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

12. The phase change immersion cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The first cavity is configured in correspondence with a plurality of second cavities, and each second cavity is connected to the first cavity through a corresponding first branch and a corresponding second branch; or, the second cavity is configured in correspondence with a plurality of first cavities, and each first cavity is connected to the second cavity through a corresponding first branch and a corresponding second branch.

13. The phase change immersion cooling system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The second branch also includes a shut-off valve.

14. The phase change immersion cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, A flow regulating valve is installed on the water supply branch of the condenser, and the opening of the flow regulating valve can be adjusted according to the pressure inside the second cavity.

15. The phase change immersion cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The first cavity and the second cavity are each equipped with a safety valve.

16. A server cluster, characterized in that, The server cluster includes at least one computing node, which uses the phase change immersion cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 15 for heat dissipation.

17. A data center, characterized in that, The data center includes at least one computing node and a phase change immersion cooling system as described in any one of claims 1 to 15.

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