Data center phase change evaporation liquid cooling intelligent temperature control device

Abstract

This invention discloses a smart temperature control device for phase change evaporative liquid cooling in data centers. The invention includes a phase change immersion chamber, a condenser, a cooling capacity distribution unit, a buffer liquid storage mechanical chamber, a replenishment buffer working fluid tank, a phase change state detection mechanism, a composite detection window mechanical assembly, a pressure regulating gate adjustment mechanism, an edge AI controller, and an external vacuum circulation pump. This invention uses a multi-stage flow guide baffle structure with a bottom liquid collection channel to intercept and collect micro-droplets entrained by vapor. Combined with a stepped flow stabilization and boiling suppression structure to regulate the bubble flow field, and an inclined condenser to achieve directional buffering and reflux of the condensing working fluid, the invention utilizes a gate and flow guide baffle sealing sliding structure to achieve stepless and precise pressure regulation of the chamber. Furthermore, by combining vacuum circulation with an AI-controlled liquid replenishment linkage structure, it achieves adaptive pressure stabilization under all operating conditions, uninterrupted liquid replenishment, and peak enhanced heat dissipation, effectively balancing the boiling conditions across the entire range and reducing effective liquid phase loss caused by working fluid adhering to the walls.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid cooling technology for data centers, and more specifically, to a smart temperature control device for phase change evaporative liquid cooling in data centers. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid deployment of high-computing applications such as large AI models and supercomputing clusters, the power consumption of a single data center rack has increased significantly. Traditional air cooling and cold plate liquid cooling methods have limited heat exchange efficiency and can no longer meet the heat dissipation requirements of servers with ultra-high heat flux density. Two-phase immersion phase change evaporative liquid cooling has become the mainstream heat dissipation solution for high-power computing equipment due to its advantages of high latent heat absorption efficiency, uniform temperature control, and absence of local hot spots.

[0003] Existing conventional phase change immersion liquid cooling equipment has inherent technical defects when operating multi-layer computing power equipment in a layered immersion configuration: After the multi-layer chips are arranged in layers, the bubbles generated by the boiling of the high-temperature chips in the lower layer rise disorderly, which easily leads to bubble stacking and airflow interference between layers, resulting in uneven boiling intensity of chips in each layer, localized heat transfer efficiency reduction, and poor overall heat dissipation stability; During equipment operation, the high-temperature steam in the cavity easily carries away trace amounts of liquid phase change working fluid during its upward movement. These micro-droplets migrate with the steam to the inner wall of the condenser and the gas phase sidewall of the cavity, forming a wall-attached liquid film that detaches from the bottom liquid. In the phase heat exchange region, the effective immersion working fluid storage in the cavity decreases and the liquid level drops slowly, requiring frequent maintenance and liquid replenishment. At the same time, the traditional condensation structure has no directional collection design, and the working fluid droplets after condensation and liquefaction fall randomly and with disordered landing points. The scattered liquid flow directly impacts the liquid surface of the phase change immersion cavity, disrupting the stable nucleate boiling condition and further aggravating the problem of uneven heat dissipation and large fluctuations in operating conditions. In addition, the intelligent control of traditional equipment operating conditions is slow to respond and cannot adaptively adjust according to the boiling state and pressure and liquid level changes in the cavity, making it difficult to meet the heat dissipation requirements of high computing power equipment for long-term stable operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the technical problems existing in the prior art by providing a smart temperature control device for phase change evaporative liquid cooling in data centers. By optimizing the in-cavity flow stabilization and boiling suppression structure, the sealed pressure regulating assembly structure, the pipeline linkage layout, and the edge AI closed-loop control logic, it simultaneously solves the aforementioned four types of industry pain points, achieving uniform boiling across the entire domain, stable operating conditions, low phase change working fluid loss, and high-precision adaptive temperature control, making it suitable for dynamic load heat dissipation scenarios in high-computing-power data centers.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a data center phase change evaporative liquid cooling intelligent temperature control device, including a phase change immersion chamber, a condenser disposed at the top of the phase change immersion chamber, and a cooling capacity distribution unit connected to the condenser pipeline. The cooling capacity distribution unit is a mature existing heat exchange auxiliary device that can receive adjustment commands issued by an edge AI controller in real time, dynamically adjust the cooling water delivery flow rate and heat exchange temperature, match the condensation heat exchange requirements of the condenser under different loads, and provide an appropriate cold source for the condenser condensation operation.

[0006] The phase change immersion chamber is fixedly equipped with a buffer liquid storage mechanical chamber and a composite detection window mechanical assembly on its side wall. The condenser is inclined towards the buffer liquid storage mechanical chamber, which can directionally collect the liquid working medium after the high temperature steam generated by boiling inside the phase change immersion chamber is condensed and liquefied. This allows the condensed working medium to flow along the condenser plate surface into the buffer liquid storage mechanical chamber, realizing the directional reflux of the condensed working medium and avoiding scattered dripping that impacts the liquid surface of the chamber.

[0007] The phase change immersion chamber is equipped with an anti-bubble interference flow stabilization and boiling suppression structure, which consists of a stepped chip support module, a surrounding piezoelectric vibration boiling suppression mechanical ring, and a flow guiding component. The stepped chip support module enables the layered installation of multi-layer computing devices through a stepped, layered, hollowed-out support bracket. Each layer of the hollowed-out support bracket has an inclined, fixed flow-disrupting guide plate at its bottom. Relying on the guide plate and multiple vertical liquid distribution grooves evenly opened on the plate surface, the rising path of boiling bubbles from the multi-layer chips is regulated, the interlayer bubble accumulation and airflow interference are dispersed, and the overall boiling heat transfer intensity is balanced.

[0008] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the surrounding piezoelectric vibration anti-boiling mechanical ring is equipped with an annular mounting hoop, an array of piezoelectric vibrators, and locking fasteners. The array of piezoelectric vibrators is detachably and fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the annular mounting hoop through the locking fasteners. The overall position of the array of piezoelectric vibrators corresponds to the outer wall of the cold plate of the computing power equipment. During operation, it can accurately correspond to the heating area of ​​the cold plate to achieve high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration, effectively peel off the steam film attached to the surface of the equipment, suppress film boiling failure, and stabilize the nucleus boiling heat transfer state. The flow guiding component includes multiple sets of staggered upper and lower baffles and a bottom liquid collection and guiding channel. The multiple sets of staggered upper and lower baffles are fixed in layers in the gas-liquid two-phase flow area of ​​the phase change immersion chamber. Each set of staggered upper and lower baffles is equipped with a bottom liquid collection and guiding channel at the bottom. The staggered upper and lower baffles can stabilize and rectify the upward steam and bubbles, refine large bubbles, and effectively intercept the trace amounts of liquid working fluid microdroplets carried by the high-speed steam flow, avoiding the microdroplets from being stuck on the wall for a long time with the steam. The intercepted liquid working fluid can be directly collected into the bottom liquid collection and guiding channel at the bottom of the baffle. Through the liquid collection and guiding channel, it is uniformly collected and guided, and finally flows back to the liquid phase working fluid area at the bottom of the phase change immersion chamber, which greatly reduces the phenomenon of working fluid sticking to the wall and stabilizes the liquid phase storage and gas-liquid two-phase flow field in the chamber.

[0009] As a further improvement to this technical solution, a pressure regulating mechanism is installed at the top gas phase flow channel of the phase change immersion chamber. The pressure regulating mechanism consists of an electric drive motor and an adjustable gate. The adjustable gate is integrally sealed and slidably assembled inside the gas phase flow channel, and the bottom end of the adjustable gate and the uppermost staggered baffle form a sealed sliding connection structure, keeping the gas phase channel sealed and free from gas leakage throughout the process. The electric drive motor drives the adjustable gate to move horizontally through the transmission component, continuously and steplessly changing the gas phase flow cross-sectional area, and precisely adjusting the gas phase saturation pressure and boiling temperature inside the phase change immersion chamber to achieve adaptive pressure regulation under working conditions.

[0010] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the buffer storage mechanical chamber is fixed to the side wall of the phase change immersion chamber, and a porous uniform flow buffer baffle is fixedly installed inside. A flat straight-through outlet is opened at the bottom, which is directly opposite the composite detection window mechanical assembly. After the condensed working fluid flows into the buffer storage mechanical chamber, it is dispersed and the flow field is homogenized by the porous uniform flow buffer baffle. Finally, it flows smoothly back into the phase change immersion chamber through the flat straight-through outlet. At the same time, the self-flowing working fluid can continuously flush the surface of the window to achieve passive defogging and ensure a clean detection field.

[0011] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the device is equipped with an external vacuum circulation pump, a liquid replenishment buffer working fluid tank, and an edge AI controller. The external vacuum circulation pump is the peak heat dissipation enhancement actuator of this device. The air inlet end is sealed and connected to the gas phase accumulation area at the top of the phase change immersion chamber, and the air outlet end is connected to the gas-liquid mixing chamber inside the buffer liquid storage mechanical chamber. Under high computing power peak load, the steam generation rate in the chamber far exceeds the natural convection circulation flux. The edge AI controller triggers the vacuum circulation pump to start, forcibly extracting the high-temperature saturated steam at the top of the chamber, greatly increasing the gas phase circulation flow rate in the chamber, accelerating the heat exchange rate of steam delivery to the condenser, breaking through the heat dissipation limit of pure natural phase change circulation, enhancing the peak heat dissipation flux of the whole machine, and adapting to instantaneous bursts of high heat flux density computing power loads.

[0012] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the replenishment buffer working fluid tank is equipped with an AI-controlled replenishment branch. An electrically controlled valve is installed on the AI-controlled replenishment branch, and the electrically controlled valve is electrically connected to the edge AI controller. One end of the AI-controlled replenishment branch is connected to the replenishment buffer working fluid tank, and the other end is connected to the outlet of an external vacuum circulation pump, so that the replenishment working fluid can be smoothly integrated into the buffer storage mechanical chamber with the vacuum circulation airflow, achieving undisturbed and precise replenishment compensation.

[0013] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the device is equipped with a phase change state detection mechanism, which includes a pressure sensor and a liquid level sensor. The pressure sensor detects the gas phase saturation pressure inside the phase change immersion chamber in real time, and the liquid level sensor detects the liquid level of the phase change working fluid inside the phase change immersion chamber in real time. Both types of sensors are connected to the edge AI controller to provide real-time operating data support for equipment pressure regulation and automatic liquid replenishment.

[0014] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the composite detection window mechanical assembly includes an embedded pressure-bearing transparent window seat, an ultrasonic array probe, a high-speed camera, and a linear displacement adjusting screw. The embedded pressure-bearing transparent window seat is sealed and fixed to the side wall of the phase change immersion cavity. The linear displacement adjusting screw is horizontally mounted on the outside of the window seat. The ultrasonic array probe and the high-speed camera are slidably mounted on the screw, which can flexibly adjust the detection position and collect working condition data such as two-phase flow, bubble morphology, and boiling state in the cavity in real time.

[0015] Furthermore, the edge AI controller is electrically and signal-connected to the phase change state detection mechanism, the pressure regulation mechanism, and the AI-controllable liquid replenishment branch, respectively. Based on real-time pressure, liquid level, and boiling condition data, it coordinates the pressure regulation mechanism, the liquid replenishment structure, and the air extraction circulation structure to work together to build a closed-loop intelligent temperature control system.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention employs a stepped chip-supported flow guiding structure combined with multi-level staggered flow baffles, which can effectively regulate the rising trajectory of boiling bubbles in multi-layer computing chips, eliminate interlayer bubble stacking and airflow interference problems, balance the whole-domain nucleate boiling heat transfer intensity, and thoroughly improve the defects of uneven heat dissipation and local heat transfer attenuation in traditional equipment; the surface temperature difference of computing chips in each layer of the whole machine can be controlled within ≤1.5℃, which greatly improves the heat dissipation uniformity and long-term operational stability of the whole machine; A bottom liquid collection and guide channel is installed at the bottom of the baffle plate, which can effectively intercept the trace amount of phase change working fluid micro-droplets carried by the high-speed steam flow, and prevent the micro-droplets from migrating with the steam and sticking to the wall. The micro-droplets are collected and returned to the liquid phase area at the bottom of the cavity through the bottom liquid collection and guide channel, which stabilizes the effective heat exchange phase change working fluid storage in the cavity and reduces liquid level decay. Compared with conventional immersion liquid cooling equipment, the operation and maintenance liquid replenishment cycle is extended by more than 3 times. The system is equipped with a composite detection window mechanical assembly, featuring an ultrasonic array probe and a high-speed camera. Combined with a condensation self-flowing passive defogging circulation structure, it continuously maintains a clean viewing window, ensuring real-time and accurate detection data for two-phase flow conditions. This provides reliable data support for edge AI controller condition prediction and closed-loop temperature control, solving the problems of detection distortion and control lag in traditional equipment. After abnormal signals of gas phase saturation pressure and liquid level in the cavity are fed back to the controller, the response time of the control actuator is ≤2s. It adopts an adjustable gate and top-level guide baffle sealing sliding fit structure to ensure that the gas phase channel is sealed and free of gas leakage throughout the process. The gas phase flow cross-sectional area can be steplessly adjusted by the horizontal translation of the gate, and the saturation pressure and boiling temperature inside the cavity can be precisely controlled. It solves the problems of poor sealing, low pressure regulation accuracy and large operating condition fluctuation of traditional pressure regulating structures, and has excellent adaptive pressure stabilization effect. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of one side of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rear cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical assembly structure of the composite detection window of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guiding component structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the stepped chip support module structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the surrounding piezoelectric vibration anti-boiling mechanical ring structure of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the working fluid replenishment and buffer tank structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer storage mechanical chamber structure of the present invention.

[0018] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: Figure Descriptions: 1. Phase change immersion chamber; 2. Condenser; 3. Cooling distribution unit; 4. Buffer storage mechanical tank; 401. Porous flow equalization buffer baffle; 402. Flat straight-through outlet; 5. Composite detection window mechanical assembly; 501. Embedded pressure-bearing transparent window seat; 502. Ultrasonic array probe; 503. High-speed camera; 504. Linear displacement adjusting screw; 6. Stepped chip support module; 601. Layered hollow support bracket; 602. Angled flow guide plate; 603. Vertical liquid distribution tank; 7. Circular piezoelectric vibration anti-boiling machine. Mechanical ring; 701, Annular mounting hoop; 702, Array piezoelectric vibrator; 703, Locking fastener; 8, Flow guiding assembly; 801, Upper and lower staggered baffles; 802, Bottom liquid collection guide channel; 9, Liquid replenishment buffer working fluid tank; 901, AI controllable liquid replenishment branch; 902, Electrically controlled valve; 10, Phase change state detection mechanism; 1001, Pressure sensor; 1002, Liquid level sensor; 11, Pressure stabilization and regulation mechanism; 1101, Electric drive motor; 1102, Adjustable gate; 12, Edge AI controller; 13, External air circulation pump. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-10 As shown, this embodiment provides a data center phase change evaporative liquid cooling intelligent temperature control device, which is assembled from a phase change immersion chamber 1, a condenser 2, a cooling capacity distribution unit 3, a buffer liquid storage mechanical tank 4, a composite detection window mechanical assembly 5, a stepped chip support module 6, a surrounding piezoelectric vibration anti-boiling mechanical ring 7, a flow guiding component 8, a liquid replenishment buffer working fluid tank 9, a phase change state detection mechanism 10, a pressure regulating mechanism 11, an edge AI controller 12, and an external air extraction circulation pump 13.

[0021] The core supporting structure is the phase change immersion chamber 1. A condenser 2 is horizontally installed on the top of the phase change immersion chamber 1. The condenser 2 is inclined towards the buffer liquid storage mechanical chamber 4 on the side wall of the chamber, ensuring that the condensed liquid phase change working fluid can flow into the buffer liquid storage mechanical chamber 4 by gravity. The two ends of the condenser 2 are connected to the cooling capacity distribution unit 3 through pipelines. The cooling capacity distribution unit 3 is a mature and common existing device in this field and is not an innovative improvement of this invention. The input end of the device is connected to the main circulating cooling water pipeline of the plant, and the output end is connected to the heat exchange pipeline of the condenser 2. During operation, the cooling capacity distribution unit 3 can receive analog adjustment signals from the edge AI controller 12 and automatically steplessly adjust the cooling water supply flow rate and supply temperature to match the condensation heat exchange requirements of the condenser 2 under different computing power loads at low, medium and peak levels, stabilize the high-temperature saturated steam liquefaction rate, and avoid fluctuations in the boiling conditions inside the phase change immersion chamber 1 caused by excessive or insufficient cooling capacity supply on the condensing side.

[0022] A cold energy distribution unit 3 is fixedly installed on the left outer wall of the phase change immersion chamber 1. The buffer liquid storage mechanical chamber 4 and the composite detection window mechanical assembly 5 are respectively installed on the upper and lower parts of the right outer wall of the phase change immersion chamber 1. A pressure regulating mechanism 11 is installed at the gas phase channel position at the top of the phase change immersion chamber 1. The top pipeline is connected to the replenishment buffer working fluid tank 9 and the external vacuum circulation pump 13 respectively. An edge AI controller 12 is installed on the outer wall of the phase change immersion chamber 1. The edge AI controller 12 serves as the intelligent control core of the entire equipment and realizes bidirectional communication of electrical signals and data signals with all detection mechanisms and actuators.

[0023] Please see Figure 6 As shown, the inner bottom layer of the phase change immersion chamber 1 is equipped with a stepped chip support module 6, and the layered hollow support brackets 601 are arranged in a staggered, stepped manner. Each layer of the bracket is used to place a fully loaded computing server, and all servers are completely immersed in the liquid phase change working fluid filled inside the phase change immersion chamber 1. At the bottom of each layer of hollow support brackets 601, an inclined flow guide plate 602 is fixed at an angle. Multiple vertical liquid distribution channels 603 are evenly opened on the surface of the inclined flow guide plate 602. When the bubbles generated by the heating and boiling of the computing equipment rise, they are divided and guided by the inclined flow guide plate 602. The vertical liquid distribution channels 603 assist the liquid phase change working fluid to flow back evenly downwards, completely solving the problem of cross-flow of bubbles and uneven heat exchange between layers in multi-layer equipment.

[0024] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, each layered hollow support bracket 601 has a detachable surrounding piezoelectric vibration anti-boiling mechanical ring 7 mounted on its frame. The annular mounting hoop 701 is sleeved around the server cold plate. Multiple array piezoelectric vibrators 702 are fixed to the inner wall of the annular mounting hoop 701 by a locking fastener 703 array. The array piezoelectric vibrators 702 are arranged in close contact with the outer wall of the computing power equipment cold plate. When the equipment is running normally, the edge AI controller 12 outputs a high-frequency vibration signal based on the cavity temperature data to drive the array piezoelectric vibrators 702 to continuously vibrate slightly, peeling off the vapor film attached to the surface of the cold plate in real time, preventing film boiling failure under high load, and maintaining a stable and efficient heat exchange state of nucleation boiling throughout the process.

[0025] Please see Figure 5 As shown, a flow guiding component 8 is arranged in layers above the stepped chip support module 6 and in the gas phase flow area of ​​the phase change immersion chamber 1. The flow guiding component 8 is composed of multiple layers of staggered baffles 801 stacked together. Adjacent baffles are arranged in a staggered manner. Each set of staggered baffles 801 has an integral bottom liquid collection guide groove 802 at its bottom edge. When the high-temperature saturated steam carries a small amount of phase change working fluid droplets upward, the staggered baffles 801 intercept and refine large bubbles, while retaining the micro-droplets carried by the high-temperature saturated steam. All the retained liquid phase change working fluid is collected in the bottom liquid collection guide groove 802 and flows back to the bottom liquid phase area of ​​the phase change immersion chamber 1 along the groove, which greatly reduces the loss of phase change working fluid with the high-temperature saturated steam and reduces the liquid level loss during long-term operation.

[0026] The adjustable gate 1102 of the pressure regulating mechanism 11 is sealed and slidably assembled in the top gas phase channel of the phase change immersion chamber 1. The lower edge of the adjustable gate 1102 and the top surface of the top layer of staggered baffles 801 are tightly sealed and slidably fitted, with no gas leakage. The electric drive motor 1101 receives the command of the edge AI controller 12 and drives the adjustable gate 1102 to move horizontally left and right, steplessly changing the effective flow area of ​​the gas phase channel, thereby accurately regulating the gas phase saturation pressure inside the phase change immersion chamber 1 and simultaneously controlling the boiling temperature of the phase change working fluid.

[0027] Please see Figure 10 As shown, a porous uniform flow buffer baffle 401 is horizontally mounted inside the buffer storage mechanical chamber 4, which is fixed to the side wall of the phase change immersion chamber 1. A flat straight-through outlet 402 is opened at the bottom of the chamber, which faces the composite detection window mechanical assembly 5 below. The condensed phase change working fluid dripping from the condenser 2 flows into the buffer storage mechanical chamber 4. After the porous uniform flow buffer baffle 401 disperses the concentrated liquid flow and homogenizes the flow rate, it flows gently downward from the flat straight-through outlet 402, continuously scouring the surface of the embedded pressure-bearing transparent window seat 501. The window is passively defogging by relying on the flow of the phase change working fluid itself, without the need for additional blowing or heating defogging components.

[0028] Please see Figure 9As shown, the inlet pipe of the external vacuum circulation pump 13 is sealed and connected to the gas phase accumulation area at the top of the phase change immersion chamber 1, and the outlet pipe is connected to the gas-liquid mixing chamber inside the buffer storage mechanical chamber 4. The replenishment buffer working fluid tank 9 is equipped with an AI-controlled replenishment branch 901. An electrically controlled valve 902 is installed in the middle section of the AI-controlled replenishment branch 901, and the end of the branch is connected to the outlet pipe of the external vacuum circulation pump 13. When the liquid level drops during long-term operation of the equipment, the edge AI controller 12 opens the electrically controlled valve 902. The spare phase change working fluid in the replenishment buffer working fluid tank 9 flows into the outlet pipe of the external vacuum circulation pump 13 along the AI-controlled replenishment branch 901, and enters the buffer storage mechanical chamber 4 with the circulating airflow. The airflow carries the liquid phase change working fluid and slowly falls back into the phase change immersion chamber 1, realizing automatic replenishment of a small amount of liquid without impact or disturbance, and without disrupting the stable boiling flow field inside the phase change immersion chamber 1.

[0029] The phase change state detection mechanism 10 includes a pressure sensor 1001 and a liquid level sensor 1002. Both types of sensors are sealed and installed on the side wall of the phase change immersion chamber 1. The probe of the pressure sensor 1001 extends into the gas phase space of the phase change immersion chamber 1 to collect the gas phase saturation pressure value in the chamber in real time. The probe of the liquid level sensor 1002 extends into the liquid phase area at the bottom of the phase change immersion chamber 1 to continuously monitor the real-time liquid level height of the phase change working fluid inside the phase change immersion chamber 1. The real-time data collected by the two sets of sensors is continuously transmitted to the edge AI controller 12 as the basis for judging pressure regulation and liquid replenishment actions.

[0030] Please see Figure 4 As shown, the composite detection window mechanical assembly 5 is sealed and assembled on the side wall of the phase change immersion chamber 1 below the buffer liquid storage mechanical chamber 4. A linear displacement adjusting screw 504 is vertically mounted on the outer side of the embedded pressure-bearing transparent window seat 501. The ultrasonic array probe 502 and the high-speed camera 503 are slidably mounted on the linear displacement adjusting screw 504. During the rotation of the screw, the ultrasonic array probe 502 and the high-speed camera 503 only move vertically up and down along the screw and will not rotate or deflect themselves. The detection point can be adjusted in the vertical direction of the window. This structure is equipped with a limiting slide to ensure the stability of the posture and the fixed observation angle during the lifting and lowering of the detection components. The ultrasonic array probe 502 is used to detect the two-phase flow density and bubble volume distribution in the chamber. The high-speed camera 503 captures images of the boiling bubble morphology in real time. The two types of visualized detection data are synchronously transmitted back to the edge AI controller 12 to assist the controller in predicting the change of peak load high-temperature saturated steam flux and start the external vacuum circulation pump 13 in advance to enhance heat dissipation.

[0031] Working principle Normal low and medium load operating conditions The computing equipment generates moderate heat, resulting in a low amount of high-temperature saturated steam generated inside the phase change immersion chamber 1. The external vacuum circulation pump 13 remains off, and the high-temperature saturated steam is condensed by natural convection in the condenser 2. The phase change state detection mechanism 10 continuously collects data on the gas phase saturation pressure and the phase change working fluid level. The edge AI controller 12 finely adjusts the opening and closing width of the adjustable gate 1102 based on the gas phase saturation pressure value to maintain a stable boiling temperature inside the phase change immersion chamber 1. The surrounding piezoelectric vibration anti-boiling mechanical ring 7 continuously vibrates at low frequency to stabilize the nucleate boiling state. The flow guiding component 8 continuously intercepts and recovers micro-droplets of the phase change working fluid, and the phase change working fluid is defogging through the buffer storage mechanical chamber 4.

[0032] Pressure adaptive regulation condition When the pressure sensor 1001 detects that the gas phase saturation pressure is higher than the preset upper limit threshold of the edge AI controller 12, the edge AI controller 12 outputs a signal to start the electric drive motor 1101, which drives the adjustable gate 1102 to move outward, expand the gas phase flow cross-sectional area, release the high-pressure and high-temperature saturated steam inside the phase change immersion chamber 1, and reduce the gas phase saturation pressure; if the detected gas phase saturation pressure is lower than the preset lower limit threshold, the adjustable gate 1102 is controlled to contract inward, reduce the gas phase channel, and increase the gas phase saturation pressure; the adjustable gate 1102 is sealed and fitted with the top layer of staggered baffles 801 throughout the entire process, so that the pressure regulation is leak-free and the adjustment accuracy is continuously and steplessly adjustable.

[0033] Automatic fluid replenishment and compensation operation The liquid level sensor 1002 monitors the liquid level of the phase change working medium inside the phase change immersion chamber 1 in real time. When the liquid level drops to the built-in compensation threshold of the edge AI controller 12, the edge AI controller 12 sends an opening signal to the electronic control valve 902. The spare phase change working medium in the replenishment buffer tank 9 flows into the outlet pipe of the external vacuum circulation pump 13 along the AI ​​controllable replenishment branch 901. It enters the buffer storage mechanical chamber 4 with the circulating airflow. After being decelerated and uniformed by the porous uniform flow buffer baffle 401, it slowly falls back into the phase change immersion chamber 1. After the liquid level rises back to the safe range, the edge AI controller 12 automatically closes the electronic control valve 902 and stops replenishing the liquid. The replenishment flow is smooth throughout the process and will not impact the liquid surface or disturb the boiling condition inside the phase change immersion chamber 1.

[0034] Peak high heat load enhanced heat dissipation conditions When the server experiences a sudden surge in computing power and a significant increase in heat flux density, the rate of high-temperature saturated steam generation inside the phase change immersion chamber 1 exceeds the limit of natural condensation. The edge AI controller 12, combined with the values ​​from the pressure sensor 1001 and the liquid level sensor 1002, along with bubble image data collected by the ultrasonic array probe 502 and the high-speed camera 503, comprehensively determines the steam overload and simultaneously outputs a start signal to the external vacuum circulation pump 13. The external vacuum circulation pump 13 forcibly extracts the high-temperature saturated steam accumulated at the top of the phase change immersion chamber 1, accelerates the gas phase circulation flow rate, improves the steam delivery volume and liquefaction heat exchange efficiency of the condenser 2, breaks through the upper limit of natural phase change heat dissipation flux, and ensures uniform and stable temperature control of the equipment under peak load.

[0035] In this embodiment, the entire device is interconnected and coordinated. It relies on the stepped chip support module 6 and the flow guiding component 8 to reduce the loss of phase change working fluid. The inclined condenser 2 eliminates the impact of condensate backflow. The sealed sliding adjustable gate 1102 achieves high-precision voltage stabilization. Combined with multi-dimensional operating condition detection and edge AI controller 12 for full closed-loop linkage control, it can adapt to the long-term continuous immersion heat dissipation requirements of data center AI supercomputing and high-power servers. The multi-layer computing equipment has uniform heat exchange, small operating condition fluctuations, and long maintenance and liquid replenishment cycles. The overall operation stability is far superior to traditional phase change liquid cooling equipment.

[0036] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A data center phase change evaporative liquid cooling intelligent temperature control device, comprising a phase change immersion chamber (1), a condenser (2), and a cooling capacity distribution unit (3), wherein the condenser (2) is disposed at the top of the phase change immersion chamber (1), and the cooling capacity distribution unit (3) is connected to the condenser (2) by a pipeline, characterized in that: The phase change immersion chamber (1) has a buffer liquid storage mechanical chamber (4) and a composite detection window mechanical assembly (5) on its side wall, and the condenser (2) is arranged at an angle toward the buffer liquid storage mechanical chamber (4); The phase change immersion chamber (1) is equipped with a flow stabilization and boiling suppression structure to prevent bubble interference; the device is equipped with a replenishment buffer working fluid tank (9), a phase change state detection mechanism (10), a pressure regulation mechanism (11) and an edge AI controller (12), and the replenishment buffer working fluid tank (9) is equipped with an AI controllable replenishment branch (901). The edge AI controller (12) is electrically and signal connected to the phase change state detection mechanism (10), the voltage regulation mechanism (11), and the AI ​​controllable liquid replenishment branch (901).

2. The intelligent temperature control device for phase change evaporative liquid cooling in data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-bubble interference flow stabilization and boiling suppression structure inside the phase change immersion cavity (1) includes a stepped chip support module (6), a surrounding piezoelectric vibration boiling suppression mechanical ring (7), and a flow guiding component (8). The stepped chip support module (6) includes a layered hollow support bracket (601) and an oblique flow guide plate (602). The layered hollow support bracket (601) is fixed in a stepped manner inside the phase change immersion cavity (1). The inclined turbulence guide plate (602) is inclinedly fixed at the bottom of each layered hollow support bracket (601). The inclined turbulence guide plate (602) has multiple vertical liquid distribution grooves (603) evenly opened on its surface.

3. The intelligent temperature control device for phase change evaporative liquid cooling in data centers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surrounding piezoelectric vibration anti-boiling mechanical ring (7) includes an annular mounting hoop (701), an array of piezoelectric vibrators (702), and a locking fastener (703); the array of piezoelectric vibrators (702) is detachably and fixed to the inner wall of the annular mounting hoop (701) by the locking fastener (703), and the position of the array of piezoelectric vibrators (702) corresponds to the outer wall of the cold plate of the computing power equipment; The flow guiding component (8) includes multiple sets of upper and lower staggered flow baffles (801) and a bottom liquid collection guide channel (802); the multiple sets of upper and lower staggered flow baffles (801) are fixed in layers in the gas-liquid two-phase flow area of ​​the phase change immersion cavity (1), and a bottom liquid collection guide channel (802) is provided at the bottom of the upper and lower staggered flow baffles (801).

4. The intelligent temperature control device for phase change evaporative liquid cooling in data centers according to claim 3, characterized in that: The voltage regulation mechanism (11) includes an electric drive motor (1101) and an adjustable gate (1102). The adjustable gate (1102) is sealed and slidably mounted on the gas phase flow channel of the phase change immersion cavity (1), and its bottom end is sealed and slidably connected to the uppermost staggered baffle (801). The electric drive motor (1101) drives the adjustable gate (1102) to move horizontally. The electric drive motor (1101) is electrically connected to the edge AI controller (12).

5. The intelligent temperature control device for phase change evaporative liquid cooling in data centers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buffer storage mechanical chamber (4) is fixed to the side wall of the phase change immersion chamber (1) and includes a porous uniform flow buffer baffle (401) and a flat straight outlet (402); the porous uniform flow buffer baffle (401) is fixed inside the buffer storage mechanical chamber (4); the flat straight outlet (402) is opened at the bottom of the buffer storage mechanical chamber (4) and is arranged directly opposite the composite detection window mechanical assembly (5).

6. The intelligent temperature control device for phase change evaporative liquid cooling in data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling capacity distribution unit (3) is connected to the condenser (2) via a pipeline. The cooling capacity distribution unit (3) is used to adjust the cooling water flow rate and heat exchange temperature.

7. The intelligent temperature control device for phase change evaporative liquid cooling in data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an external air circulation pump (13), the air inlet of which is connected to the gas phase area at the top of the phase change immersion chamber (1), and the air outlet is connected to the interior of the buffer liquid storage mechanical chamber (4).

8. The intelligent temperature control device for phase change evaporative liquid cooling in data centers according to claim 7, characterized in that: The AI ​​controllable replenishment branch (901) is equipped with an electronically controlled valve (902), which is electrically connected to the edge AI controller (12). One end of the AI ​​controllable replenishment branch (901) is connected to the replenishment buffer working medium tank (9), and the other end is connected to the outlet of an external air circulation pump (13).

9. The intelligent temperature control device for phase change evaporative liquid cooling in data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change state detection mechanism (10) includes a pressure sensor (1001) and a liquid level sensor (1002). The pressure sensor (1001) is used to detect the gas phase saturation pressure inside the phase change immersion chamber (1), and the liquid level sensor (1002) is used to detect the liquid level of the phase change working fluid inside the phase change immersion chamber (1). Both the pressure sensor (1001) and the liquid level sensor (1002) are connected to the edge AI controller (12) via signals.

10. The intelligent temperature control device for phase change evaporative liquid cooling in data centers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite detection window mechanical assembly (5) includes an embedded pressure-bearing transparent window seat (501), an ultrasonic array probe (502), a high-speed camera (503), and a linear displacement adjustment screw (504). The embedded pressure-bearing transparent window seat (501) is sealed and fixed to the side wall of the phase change immersion cavity (1). The linear displacement adjusting screw (504) is horizontally mounted on the outside of the embedded pressure-bearing transparent window seat (501). The ultrasonic array probe (502) and the high-speed camera (503) are slidably mounted on the linear displacement adjusting screw (504).

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