Circuit structure of photovoltaic module and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a circuit structure of a photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic module. The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of cell pieces, a conductive piece and an isolation piece. The plurality of cell pieces are arranged in rows, adjacent two rows of cell pieces are staggered along the width direction of the cell pieces by a preset offset, cell pieces in the same column are sequentially arranged in the thickness direction of the cell pieces, and adjacent cell pieces in the same column are overlapped to form an overlapping area. Adjacent cell pieces in the same column are electrically connected by the conductive piece to form a cell string. The isolation piece is arranged on the conductive piece to isolate adjacent cell pieces in the cell string. When the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module is subjected to external force, stress is no longer rigidly transmitted along a straight line, and when a cell piece in the cell string produces a hidden crack, the crack is difficult to rapidly expand along the straight line direction of stress transmission, thereby effectively inhibiting the penetrating development of the crack and improving the overall hidden crack resistance and reliability of the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular to a circuit structure of a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, HJT heterojunction quad-cell photovoltaic modules are the most widely used mainstream photovoltaic products. HJT heterojunction quad-cell photovoltaic modules generally adopt a straight-line aligned arrangement, with each cell unit strictly aligned horizontally and vertically, and a fixed positive spacing between adjacent cells.

[0003] However, this arrangement has significant drawbacks: the stress between the battery cells is rigidly transmitted along the same straight path, lacking an effective dispersion or buffering mechanism, resulting in a high concentration of impact loads under external forces. Once a microcrack develops in a battery cell, the crack will rapidly propagate along the straight direction of stress transmission, forming a through-path of damage, which greatly weakens the overall microcrack resistance and reliability of the photovoltaic module. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a circuit structure for a photovoltaic module to solve the problem that in existing systems where each cell is strictly aligned horizontally and vertically and adjacent cells maintain a fixed positive spacing, once a microcrack occurs in a cell, the crack will rapidly propagate along the straight line of stress transmission, forming a through-path damage channel.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a circuit structure for a photovoltaic module, which includes multiple solar cells, conductive elements, and insulating elements. The solar cells are arranged in rows and columns, with adjacent rows of cells staggered along their width direction by a predetermined offset. Solar cells in the same column are arranged sequentially along their thickness direction, and adjacent cells in the same column overlap to form an overlapping area. Adjacent cells in the same column are electrically connected via the conductive elements to form a cell string. The insulating elements are disposed on the conductive elements to isolate adjacent solar cells in the cell string.

[0006] Furthermore, the preset offset ranges from greater than or equal to 2.8 mm to less than or equal to 4.2 mm.

[0007] Furthermore, the size of the overlapping region in the length direction of the battery cell ranges from greater than 0 mm to less than or equal to 2 mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module also includes multiple interconnecting bars, and the multiple battery strings are divided into multiple battery string groups. The multiple battery strings in each battery string group are connected in series sequentially through the interconnecting bars.

[0009] Furthermore, the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module also includes a busbar, with multiple battery string groups connected in parallel to the busbar. The positive terminal of the outermost battery string in the multiple battery string groups is led out and connected to the positive terminal of the busbar, and the negative terminal of the outermost battery string in the multiple battery string groups is led out and connected to the negative terminal of the busbar.

[0010] Furthermore, the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module also includes multiple diodes, each of which is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with a number of battery strings, and each diode is connected in parallel in reverse with the corresponding battery string.

[0011] Furthermore, the solar cell includes an N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate and a doped amorphous silicon layer, a transparent conductive film, and an intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer sequentially disposed on the N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate.

[0012] Furthermore, the solar cell is formed by fracturing along the etched grooves on the monocrystalline silicon wafer, and a passivation repair layer is deposited on the fractured sidewall of the solar cell.

[0013] Furthermore, the transparent conductive film of the battery cell extends outward from the edge of the battery cell to form a passivation allowance region, and the broken edge of the battery cell is located within the passivation allowance region.

[0014] Secondly, this application also provides a photovoltaic module, including the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module as described above.

[0015] The technical solutions provided in this application have the following advantages compared with the prior art: The photovoltaic module circuit structure of this application allows adjacent rows of cells to be staggered with a preset offset, while adjacent cells in the same column overlap to form an overlapping area. This allows the entire cell string to achieve electrical conductivity and alters the rigid stress transmission path of traditional linearly aligned cells when the cell string is connected in series using conductive components. When the photovoltaic module's circuit structure is subjected to external force, the stress is no longer rigidly transmitted in a straight line. Furthermore, when a cell in the string develops a microcrack, the crack is less likely to propagate rapidly along the linear stress transmission direction, effectively suppressing crack penetration and improving the overall microcrack resistance and reliability of the photovoltaic module's circuit structure. Moreover, this staggered and overlapping circuit structure prevents the current transmission path from being single and concentrated. When a cell in the string is shaded or has a microcrack, the fault current is less likely to propagate along a fixed direction, significantly reducing the risk of hot spots. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A magnified view of the area corresponding to point I in the middle; Figure 3 A side view of the battery string provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 ; Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a monocrystalline silicon wafer provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 An exploded view of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Solar cell; 11. N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate; 12. Doped amorphous silicon layer; 13. Transparent conductive film; 131. Passivation margin region; 14. Intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer; 15. Deposited passivation repair layer; 2. Battery string; 3. Battery string assembly; 4. Overlapping areas; 5. Conductive components; 6. Isolation components; 7. Interconnecting strips; 8. Busbar; 81. Positive terminal; 82. Negative terminal; 9. Diode; 10. Etching grooves; 16. Photovoltaic module; 161. Photovoltaic panel glass; 162. Light-to-EPE film; 163. High-transparency EPE film; 164. Carrier film; 165. Photovoltaic module frame; 1651. Long frame; 1652. Short frame; 1653. Corner code; 1661. First photovoltaic tape; 1662. Second photovoltaic tape; 167. Photovoltaic backsheet glass; 168. Nameplate; 169. Photovoltaic junction box; 170. Barcode; L, Preset offset. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of the invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed.

[0023] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relative position or movement of one element or feature relative to another element or feature, as shown in the figure. These relative terms include, for example, "inside," "outside," "middle," "outer," "below," "below," "above," "front," "back," etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation, other than those depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure undergoes a positional flip, orientation change, or change of motion, these directional indications will change accordingly. For instance, an element described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" will subsequently be oriented "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features." Therefore, the example term "below" can include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions), and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text will be interpreted accordingly.

[0024] To address the problem that in existing photovoltaic modules where strict lateral and longitudinal alignment of cells and a fixed positive spacing between adjacent cells are required, a microcrack in one cell can rapidly propagate along the stress transmission line, forming a through-path damage channel, this application provides a circuit structure for a photovoltaic module 16, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16 includes multiple solar cells 1, conductive elements 5, and insulating elements 6. The solar cells 1 are arranged in rows and columns, with adjacent rows of solar cells 1 staggered along their width direction by a preset offset L. Solar cells 1 in the same column are arranged sequentially along their thickness direction, and adjacent solar cells 1 in the same column overlap to form an overlapping area 4. Adjacent solar cells 1 in the same column are electrically connected via conductive elements 5 to form a solar cell string 2. The insulating elements 6 are disposed on the conductive elements 5 to isolate adjacent solar cells 1 in the solar cell string 2.

[0025] The aforementioned multiple solar cells 1 can be formed by longitudinally cutting a whole monocrystalline silicon wafer. After cutting, the width of each solar cell 1 can range from 20 mm to 150 mm, and the length of each solar cell 1 can range from 100 mm to 250 mm.

[0026] Multiple solar cells 1 can be arranged in rows and columns, so as to Figure 1 Taking the orientation shown as an example, each row of adjacent battery cells 1 can be staggered horizontally by a preset offset L. That is, the battery cells 1 of two adjacent rows are not strictly aligned horizontally, but are staggered by a certain distance to form a left-right staggered arrangement.

[0027] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, multiple battery cells 1 can be arranged in six rows. In one arrangement of multiple battery cells 1, the battery cells 1 in the second row can be offset to the right by a preset offset L relative to the battery cells 1 in the first row, and the battery cells 1 in the third row can continue to be offset to the right by the same preset offset L relative to the battery cells 1 in the second row. In another arrangement of multiple battery cells 1, the battery cells 1 in the second row can be offset to the right by a preset offset L relative to the battery cells 1 in the first row, while the battery cells 1 in the third row can be offset to the left by a preset offset L relative to the battery cells 1 in the second row. That is, the offset directions of adjacent rows of battery cells 1 can alternate, thereby effectively controlling the overall size of multiple battery cells 1 in the width direction.

[0028] It is understandable that although the solar cells 1 in adjacent rows are staggered horizontally, the vertical arrangement of the solar cells 1 in each row is still consistent. That is, the staggering between adjacent rows of solar cells 1 does not affect the macroscopic alignment of each column, and the solar cells 1 in each row can still form their own columns vertically. Figure 3 As shown, the solar cells 1 in the same column can be arranged overlappingly. That is, two adjacent solar cells 1 in the same column are not arranged alternately, but partially overlap each other to form an overlapping area 4. Specifically, the lower end of the solar cell 1 in the first row can overlap with the upper end of the solar cell 1 in the second row, and the lower end of the solar cell 1 in the second row can overlap with the upper end of the solar cell 1 in the third row. According to the applicant's calculations, after adopting the above arrangement, the stress distribution among the multiple solar cells 1 is more uniform. Furthermore, under high-temperature conditions, the current transmission path is effectively dispersed, and the resistive heat loss is reduced by more than 35%. At the same time, the probability of hot spot triggering caused by partial obstruction of solar cell 1 or by solar cell 1 failure is reduced by about 85%.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, the solar cells 1 in the same column can be electrically connected via conductive elements 5, which can specifically be OBB (no main grid) flexible solder ribbons. OBB flexible solder ribbons have good conductivity and solderability, allowing adjacent solar cells 1 in the same column to be reliably connected in series to form a battery string 2, thereby constructing a complete current conduction path. Based on this, after the solar cells 1 convert light energy into current, the current can be collected layer by layer along the length of the solar cells 1 and output outwards.

[0030] In the aforementioned battery string 2, adjacent battery cells 1 can be physically separated by a spacer 6. This spacer 6 can be an insulating film or a separator, etc., and this application does not specify a particular spacer 6. After the insulating film or separator melts upon heating, it can adhere to the battery cell 1 and / or the conductive component 5. This not only allows multiple battery cells 1 in the same column to be fixedly connected to each other, but also ensures electrical isolation between adjacent battery cells 1 that overlap, effectively avoiding the risk of short circuits.

[0031] In the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16 of this application, adjacent rows of solar cells 1 can be staggered with a preset offset L, while adjacent solar cells 1 in the same column overlap to form an overlapping area 4. Thus, when the solar cells 1 in the same column are connected in series using conductive elements 5, the entire column of solar strings 2 achieves electrical conductivity and changes the rigid stress transmission path of traditionally aligned solar cells 1. When the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16 is subjected to external force, the stress is no longer rigidly transmitted in a straight line. Furthermore, when a solar cell 1 in a solar string 2 develops a microcrack, the crack is less likely to propagate rapidly along the straight direction of stress transmission, effectively suppressing the penetration development of the crack and improving the overall microcrack resistance and reliability of the photovoltaic module 16's circuit structure. Moreover, this staggered and overlapping circuit structure prevents the current transmission path from being single and concentrated. When a solar cell 1 in a solar string 2 is shaded or has a microcrack, the fault current is less likely to propagate along a fixed direction, significantly reducing the risk of hot spots.

[0032] In some embodiments, the preset offset L ranges from greater than or equal to 2.8 mm to less than or equal to 4.2 mm.

[0033] The preset offset L can range from 2.8 mm to 4.2 mm. For example, 2.8 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.2 mm, etc.

[0034] In the above embodiments, the preset offset L can have the aforementioned value range. On the one hand, it can ensure that the adjacent rows of solar cells 1 can form an effective misalignment effect, avoiding the straight-line connection of current paths and stress paths. On the other hand, it can also prevent the arrangement of multiple solar cells 1 from becoming loose due to an excessively large preset offset L. While improving the hot spot and anti-microcrack performance of the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16, it also takes into account the space utilization and output efficiency of the circuit structure.

[0035] In some embodiments, the size of the overlapping region 4 in the length direction of the battery cell 1 is greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm.

[0036] The dimensions of the overlapping region 4 along the length of the battery cell 1 can be greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm. For example, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, etc.

[0037] In the above embodiments, the dimension of the overlapping region 4 along the length of the solar cell 1 can have the aforementioned range of values. This ensures an effective stress transfer path and current dispersion effect between adjacent solar cells 1, while also avoiding shading losses or subsequent encapsulation difficulties caused by excessive overlap of adjacent solar cells 1. Furthermore, it effectively eliminates the dead zones between cells generated in the traditional positive spacing design of solar cells 1. Within the same area of ​​the photovoltaic module 16, it significantly increases the coverage ratio of the solar cells 1, enlarges the effective light-receiving area of ​​the solar cells 1, and effectively improves the output efficiency of the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16.

[0038] In some embodiments, such as Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16 also includes multiple interconnecting strips 7, and multiple battery strings 2 are divided into multiple battery string groups 3. The multiple battery strings 2 in each battery string group 3 are connected in series sequentially through the interconnecting strips 7.

[0039] Adjacent battery strings 2 can be connected in series end to end through interconnecting strips 7. That is, the end of the previous battery string 2 can be electrically connected to the beginning of the next battery string 2 through interconnecting strips 7. In this way, multiple battery strings 2 are connected in series through interconnecting strips 7 and then output to the outside, thereby ensuring that the current generated by each battery string 2 can be collected step by step and output smoothly.

[0040] by Figures 4 to 6 Taking the orientation shown as an example, multiple battery strings 2 can be divided into at least two battery string groups 3. For example, multiple battery strings 2 can be divided into two battery string groups 3 in a left-right direction, or in a top-bottom direction. The specific division method can be flexibly determined according to the actual arrangement of the battery cells 1 and the design requirements of the circuit structure. Specifically, as shown... Figure 4 As shown, multiple battery strings 2 can be divided into two parts in a vertical direction. Multiple battery strings 2 in each part can be connected in series via interconnecting strips 7. Furthermore, multiple battery strings 2 within the same part can be further divided into three battery string groups 3. For example... Figure 5 As shown, multiple battery strings 2 can be divided into three battery string groups 3 along the left-right direction. Multiple battery strings 2 in each battery string group 3 can be connected in series via interconnecting strips 7. For example... Figure 6 As shown, multiple battery strings 2 can be divided into two battery string groups 3 in the left-right direction, and multiple battery strings 2 in each battery string group 3 can be connected in series by interconnecting strips 7.

[0041] In the above embodiment, multiple battery strings 2 can be divided into multiple battery string groups 3, and the multiple battery strings 2 in each battery string group 3 are connected in series sequentially through interconnecting strips 7. In this way, on the one hand, the multiple battery strings 2 in each battery string group 3 can be electrically connected through the interconnecting strips 7, thereby facilitating flexible adjustment of the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16. On the other hand, when a cell 1 in a battery string group 3 is shaded or malfunctions, the fault current only affects the battery string group 3 it belongs to, and will not affect the entire circuit structure. This avoids the problem of a significant decrease in the output efficiency of the entire circuit structure due to the abnormality of a single cell 1, and effectively improves the anti-shading capability and power generation stability of the photovoltaic module 16 circuit structure.

[0042] In some embodiments, such as Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16 also includes a busbar 8, and multiple battery string groups 3 are connected in parallel with the busbar 8. The positive terminal of the outermost battery string 2 in the multiple battery string groups 3 is led out and connected to the positive terminal 81 of the busbar 8, and the negative terminal of the outermost battery string 2 in the multiple battery string groups 3 is led out and connected to the negative terminal 82 of the busbar 8.

[0043] The aforementioned busbar 8 can be used to collect the current output from each battery string 3 and output it to the outside through the positive terminal 81 and the negative terminal 82 on the busbar 8.

[0044] The positive terminal of the outermost battery string 2 in the multiple battery string groups 3 is led out and connected to the positive terminal 81 of the busbar 8, and the negative terminal of the outermost battery string 2 in the multiple battery string groups 3 is led out and connected to the negative terminal 82 of the busbar 8. This allows for parallel connection between the multiple battery string groups 3. It can be understood that each battery string group 3 can form an independent current loop. This can prevent the entire battery string group 3 from being affected by the shading or failure of a local battery cell 1, effectively reducing mismatch losses and the risk of hot spot spread, and improving the overall stability and reliability of the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16.

[0045] In the above embodiment, the positive and negative terminals of the outermost battery string 2 in the multiple battery string groups 3 are led out and connected to the corresponding positive terminal 81 and negative terminal 82 of the busbar 8, respectively. This allows multiple battery string groups 3 to be connected in parallel to the busbar 8, so that each battery string group 3 can output current independently. When the battery cell 1 is blocked or malfunctions, it only affects the corresponding battery string group 3, without reducing the overall output efficiency of the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16, effectively reducing the mismatch loss of the circuit structure.

[0046] In some embodiments, such as Figures 4 to 6As shown, the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16 also includes multiple diodes 9, which are arranged one-to-one with multiple battery string groups 3, and each diode 9 is connected in parallel in reverse with the corresponding battery string group 3.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, multiple battery strings 2 can be divided into two parts along the vertical direction. The multiple battery strings 2 in each part can be connected in series via interconnecting strips 7, and the multiple battery strings 2 within the same part can be further divided into three battery string groups 3. Correspondingly, there are three diodes 9, which can be spaced apart on the busbar 8, and each diode 9 can be connected in parallel with one battery string group 3 in the upper part and one battery string group 3 in the lower part, respectively. In other words, the same diode 9 can simultaneously bypass and protect one battery string group 3 in each of the upper and lower parts. Specifically, taking... Figure 4 Taking the shown orientation as an example, the diode 9 on the left corresponds to one battery string group 3 in the upper part and one in the lower part; the diode 9 in the middle corresponds to one battery string group 3 in the upper part and one in the lower part; and the diode 9 on the right corresponds to one battery string group 3 in the upper part and one in the lower part. Thus, the three diodes 9 can respectively provide bypass protection for the three corresponding battery string groups 3. When a battery string group 3 is blocked or malfunctions, its corresponding diode 9 can conduct, and the current of that battery string group 3 can be output externally through that diode 9. Figure 4 Taking the three battery string groups 3 in the upper middle section as an example, under normal operating conditions, the current can flow sequentially through each battery string 2 within each battery string group 3 before being output outward. When a battery string group 3 is blocked or malfunctions, the diode 9 connected in parallel with that battery string group 3 can conduct and form a bypass path, so that the current no longer flows through the malfunctioning battery string group 3. This ensures that the malfunctioning battery string group 3 does not reduce the output current of the entire circuit structure, and effectively reduces the risk caused by hot spots.

[0048] like Figure 5 As shown, multiple battery strings 2 can be divided into three battery string groups 3 in a left-right direction. The multiple battery strings 2 in each battery string group 3 can be connected in series via interconnecting strips 7. Correspondingly, there are three diodes 9, each corresponding to one of the three battery string groups 3.

[0049] like Figure 6 As shown, multiple battery strings 2 can be divided into two battery string groups 3 in a left-right direction. The multiple battery strings 2 in each battery string group 3 can be connected in series via interconnecting strips 7. Correspondingly, there are two diodes 9, which can be configured one-to-one with the two battery string groups 3.

[0050] In the above embodiments, multiple diodes 9 can be configured one-to-one with multiple battery string groups 3, so that each battery string group 3 has a corresponding bypass path. This ensures that when partial shading or microcracks occur in the battery string group 3, the fault current can be limited to a small loop, avoiding the spread of hot spots and effectively improving the shading resistance and operational safety of the photovoltaic module 16. At the same time, the failure of a single battery string group 3 will not affect the normal output of other battery string groups 3, further improving the stability and safety of the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16.

[0051] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the solar cell 1 includes an N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate 11 and a doped amorphous silicon layer 12, a transparent conductive film 13, and an intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer 14 sequentially disposed on the N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate 11.

[0052] The aforementioned N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate 11 exhibits a high minority carrier lifetime and a low carrier recombination rate, making it suitable as a core substrate material for solar cells. A doped amorphous silicon layer 12 may be disposed on the N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate 11. Specifically, the doped amorphous silicon layer 12 may include a P-type doped amorphous silicon layer and an N-type doped amorphous silicon layer, which may be disposed on opposite sides of the N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate 11.

[0053] The aforementioned transparent conductive film 13 can be disposed on the outer side of the doped amorphous silicon layer 12. This transparent conductive film 13 can have both high light transmittance and good conductivity, allowing incident light to pass smoothly through its surface to reach the N-type single crystal silicon substrate 11, and can also collect and transport photogenerated carriers separated by the doped amorphous silicon layer 12.

[0054] The aforementioned intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer 14 can be disposed on the outer side of the transparent conductive film 13. The intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer 14 can be used to chemically passivate the surface of the solar cell 1, effectively suppressing the recombination of photogenerated carriers at the surface and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1. At the same time, the intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer 14 can also serve as a protective layer to buffer the impact of external stress on the transparent conductive film 13 and its internal structure, effectively improving the stability and reliability of the solar cell 1.

[0055] In the above embodiments, the solar cell 1 can specifically be a stacked structure of an N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate 11 combined with a doped amorphous silicon layer 12, a transparent conductive film 13 and an intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer 14. Through the synergistic effect of each structural layer, carrier recombination loss can be effectively reduced, the loss of photogenerated carriers during the transmission process can be reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1 can be significantly improved.

[0056] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7As shown, the solar cell 1 is formed by breaking along the etched groove 10 on the monocrystalline silicon wafer, and a passivation repair layer 15 is deposited on the broken sidewall of the solar cell 1.

[0057] The aforementioned solar cell 1 can be formed by fracturing a monocrystalline silicon wafer. Specifically, a doped amorphous silicon layer 12, a transparent conductive film 13, and an intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer 14 can be sequentially deposited on the monocrystalline silicon wafer. Then, a pre-grooving laser can be used to cut the surface of the monocrystalline silicon wafer with low stress to form an etching groove 10 with a depth of approximately 15 micrometers. Next, a chemical solution can be used to etch away the damaged layer within the etching groove 10 caused by the pre-grooving laser, keeping the groove walls clean and flat. Finally, stress can be applied along the etching groove 10 to fracture the monocrystalline silicon wafer and obtain multiple solar cells 1.

[0058] Understandably, using pre-grooved laser cutting to form the etching groove 10 on the surface of a monocrystalline silicon wafer avoids melting a large area of ​​the monocrystalline silicon wafer compared to traditional high-temperature melting cutting, significantly reducing the resulting thermal stress and edge recombination loss. The applicant's calculations show that the minority carrier recombination loss at the edge of the solar cell 1 formed by pre-grooved laser cutting can be reduced by 40%. Furthermore, the intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer 14 is set at the beginning of the etching groove 10 formation, giving the etching groove 10 a passivation protection structure before fracture, effectively suppressing the edge recombination loss of the solar cell 1.

[0059] After a single-crystal silicon wafer breaks, a passivation repair layer 15 can be deposited on the broken sidewall of the solar cell 1 to perform in-situ passivation repair on the broken sidewall, saturating the dangling bonds at the broken sidewall and reducing carrier recombination losses at that location. The coating thickness of the aforementioned deposited passivation repair layer 15 can be 20 nanometers.

[0060] In the above embodiment, a passivation repair layer 15 is deposited on the fractured sidewall of the solar cell 1. This allows for in-situ passivation repair of the fractured sidewall of the solar cell 1. By saturating the dangling bonds at the fractured sidewall, the recombination loss at the edge can be effectively reduced, thereby ensuring that the solar cell 1 still has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency after being split. Simultaneously, the deposited passivation repair layer 15 can also form a physical protective structure on the fractured sidewall, enhancing the mechanical strength of the edge of the solar cell 1, reducing the risk of microcracks caused by external forces, and further improving the microcrack resistance and reliability of the photovoltaic module 16's circuit structure.

[0061] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the transparent conductive film 13 of the battery cell 1 extends outward from the edge of the battery cell 1 to form a passivation allowance region 131, and the fracture edge of the battery cell 1 is located within the passivation allowance region 131.

[0062] The aforementioned passivation allowance region 131 can be specifically understood as an additional coverage area extending outward from the edge of the transparent conductive film 13 of the solar cell 1, providing a reserved passivation area for the breakage of the solar cell 1. After breakage, the fracture edge of the solar cell 1 can be located within this passivation allowance region 131, or slightly beyond the boundary of the passivation allowance region 131. This allows the fracture edge of the solar cell 1 to be covered by passivation structures such as the transparent conductive film 13, ensuring that the N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate 11 is not exposed.

[0063] In the above embodiments, the fracture edge of the solar cell 1 can be located within the passivation allowance region 131, so that the fracture edge of the solar cell 1 is always wrapped by the passivation structure such as the transparent conductive film 13, avoiding the situation where the N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate 11 is exposed to the external environment after the solar cell 1 is fractured, further reducing the edge recombination loss and leakage risk of the solar cell 1, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and reliability of the solar cell 1.

[0064] This application also provides a photovoltaic module 16, including the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16 as described above.

[0065] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the photovoltaic module 16 provided in the embodiments of this application. The following can be combined with... Figure 8 The positional relationships and functions of the various components of the photovoltaic module 16 are explained in detail below: like Figure 8 As shown, the photovoltaic module 16 can be arranged in a stacked structure, consisting of, from top to bottom, a photovoltaic panel glass 161, a light-to-EPE film 162, a carrier film 164, a conductive component 5, a solar cell 1, a high-transparency EPE film 163, and a photovoltaic backsheet glass 167. The photovoltaic panel glass 161 serves to transmit light and protect the components below it. The light-to-EPE film 162 can be disposed between the photovoltaic panel glass 161 and the solar cell 1, and the high-transparency EPE film 163 can be disposed between the solar cell 1 and the photovoltaic backsheet glass 167. Both the light-to-EPE film 162 and the high-transparency EPE film 163 can bond and fix the solar cell 1, while simultaneously serving to transmit light, buffer, and protect the solar cell 1. Furthermore, the light-to-EPE film 162 can convert the received ultraviolet light into usable visible light, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 16. The carrier film 164 can be disposed between the solar cell 1 and the high-transparency EPE film 163 to fix the position of the solar cell 1 and the conductive component 5 and prevent them from shifting. The photovoltaic backsheet glass 167 can be located outside the high-transparency EPE film 163 to support and protect the high-transparency EPE film 163 and the solar cell 1.

[0066] like Figure 8As shown, the photovoltaic module frame 165 can be fitted onto the photovoltaic panel glass 161. The photovoltaic module frame 165 can be provided with a long frame 1651, a short frame 1652, and corner brackets 1653. These components work together to fix and support the photovoltaic panel glass 161 and other parts, while also protecting the edges of these components from mechanical damage. A first photovoltaic tape 1661 can be placed between the photovoltaic module frame 165 and the photovoltaic panel glass 161 to seal the gap between them and prevent the infiltration of external moisture, dust, and other impurities. A second photovoltaic tape 1662 can be placed between the light-to-EPE film 162 and the carrier film 164 to assist in positioning the light-to-EPE film 162 and the carrier film 164 during the assembly of the photovoltaic module 16, ensuring the assembly accuracy of both.

[0067] like Figure 8 As shown, a photovoltaic junction box 169 can be disposed on the back side of the photovoltaic module 16. The photovoltaic junction box 169 can be electrically connected to the busbar 8 to output the current collected by the solar cells 1. A nameplate 168 and a barcode 170 can be disposed on the back side of the photovoltaic module 16 or on the photovoltaic module frame 165, respectively. The nameplate 168 is used to identify product information of the photovoltaic module 16. The barcode 170 can be used for traceability and management of the photovoltaic module 16.

[0068] The photovoltaic module 16 of this application includes the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16 as described above. Since the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module 16 described above has the above-mentioned beneficial effects, the photovoltaic module 16 including the circuit structure described above must also have the above-mentioned beneficial effects.

[0069] It should be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “described” as used herein may also include the plural forms. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not construed as requiring them to be performed in a particular order described or illustrated unless the order of performance is explicitly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0070] Although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in this document to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms used herein do not imply order or sequence. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or segment without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

[0071] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A circuit structure for a photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: Multiple battery cells are arranged in rows and columns. The battery cells in two adjacent rows are staggered along the width direction of the battery cell by a preset offset. The battery cells in the same column are arranged sequentially in the thickness direction of the battery cell, and the adjacent battery cells in the same column are overlapped to form an overlapping area. A conductive element is used to electrically connect adjacent battery cells in the same column to form a battery string; An isolator is disposed on the conductive element to isolate adjacent battery cells in the battery string.

2. The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset offset value ranges from greater than or equal to 2.8 mm to less than or equal to 4.2 mm.

3. The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overlapping area has a dimension in the length direction of the battery cell that is greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm.

4. The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module also includes multiple interconnecting bars, and the multiple battery strings are divided into multiple battery string groups. The multiple battery strings in each battery string group are connected in series sequentially through the interconnecting bars.

5. The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module also includes a busbar, with multiple battery string groups connected in parallel to the busbar. The positive terminal of the outermost battery string in the multiple battery string groups is led out and connected to the positive terminal of the busbar, and the negative terminal of the outermost battery string in the multiple battery string groups is led out and connected to the negative terminal of the busbar.

6. The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module also includes multiple diodes, each of which is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with a number of battery strings, and each diode is connected in parallel in reverse with the corresponding battery string.

7. The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar cell includes an N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate and a doped amorphous silicon layer, a transparent conductive film, and an intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer sequentially disposed on the N-type monocrystalline silicon substrate.

8. The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The solar cell is formed by fracturing along an etched groove on a monocrystalline silicon wafer, and a passivation repair layer is deposited on the fractured sidewall of the solar cell.

9. The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The transparent conductive film of the battery cell extends outward from the edge of the battery cell to form a passivation allowance region, and the broken edge of the battery cell is located within the passivation allowance region.

10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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