Perovskite photovoltaic module, carport system and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology, and relates to a perovskite photovoltaic module, a carport system, and its manufacturing method. The perovskite photovoltaic module includes a composite layer and edge-sealing components disposed around the perimeter of the composite layer. The composite layer comprises, from top to bottom, a front protective layer, a perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer, an encapsulating film layer, a thermal insulation core layer, and a back protective layer. The front protective layer is made of tempered glass with a light transmittance >90%, the encapsulating film layer is made of water-resistant polyolefin elastomer film, the thermal insulation core layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam board with a thermal conductivity <0.025 W / (m·K), and the back protective layer is made of embossed aluminum plate with high reflectivity. The perovskite photovoltaic module of this invention has thermal insulation effects, not only generating electricity but also significantly suppressing heat transfer to the space below the panel, constructing a green carport system integrating "power generation, heat insulation, and charging" functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology, and specifically relates to a perovskite photovoltaic module, a carport system, and a method for their preparation. Background Technology

[0002] Existing photovoltaic carports generally use traditional crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules or conventional perovskite photovoltaic modules. While these modules can generate electricity and provide basic shading, they suffer from a long-overlooked "heat island effect," as follows: 1. Photovoltaic panels themselves become heat sources: When photovoltaic modules absorb sunlight to generate electricity, they inevitably convert some solar energy (especially in the infrared band) into heat energy, causing their own temperature to rise sharply. In summer, the surface temperature of photovoltaic panels can reach over 60°C, becoming a huge source of radiative heat.

[0003] 2. The "oven effect" exacerbates vehicle exposure to sunlight: This heat, through thermal radiation and natural convection, continuously affects vehicles parked below. This not only causes the interior temperature to far exceed the ambient temperature, accelerating the aging of the vehicle's interior and the degradation of the performance of other components, but also significantly reduces the user's parking experience. For new energy electric vehicles, there is also a potential risk of spontaneous combustion.

[0004] 3. Inability to meet the charging needs of electric vehicles: With the popularization of electric vehicles, carports are often equipped with charging piles. Power batteries have low charging efficiency and rapid lifespan degradation in high-temperature environments. The hot environment created by ordinary photovoltaic carports cannot meet the stringent thermal management requirements of batteries.

[0005] 4. Limitations of existing solutions: Patents such as CN116446567A, which use insulation structures in building walls to maintain indoor temperature, fall under the category of "insulation in enclosed spaces." This is fundamentally different from the technical requirement of "suppression of heat radiation in open spaces" for carports. Simply combining bulky crystalline silicon modules with insulation layers (such as CN103104074B) results in an excessively heavy structure, is uneconomical, and is unsuitable for the weight-sensitive light steel structures of carports. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a perovskite photovoltaic module, a carport system and its preparation method. The perovskite photovoltaic module has a heat insulation effect, which can not only generate electricity, but also significantly suppress the transfer of heat to the space under the panel, fundamentally alleviating the "oven effect" of the carport, and constructing a green carport system that integrates "power generation, heat insulation and charging" functions, creating a cool, safe and comfortable environment for vehicles and users.

[0007] This invention is implemented as follows: a perovskite photovoltaic module is provided, comprising a composite layer and edge sealing components disposed around the perimeter of the composite layer. The composite layer comprises, from top to bottom, the following layers stacked sequentially: a front protective layer, which protects the layers below it and facilitates light transmission, and is made of tempered glass with a light transmittance >90%; a perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer, which absorbs light energy and converts it into electrical energy; an encapsulating film layer, which protects the perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer and is made of a water-resistant polyolefin elastomer film; a thermal insulation core layer, which blocks heat transfer downwards and is made of rigid polyurethane foam board with a thermal conductivity <0.025W / (m·K); and a back protective layer, the surface of which can reflect far-infrared radiation penetrating the thermal insulation core layer back, forming secondary insulation, and is made of embossed aluminum plate with high reflectivity.

[0008] The perovskite photovoltaic module of the present invention can actively suppress thermal radiation and improve the thermal environment of the space below, and is particularly suitable for photovoltaic carport systems to improve parking safety and thermal comfort.

[0009] Furthermore, the weight per unit area of ​​the perovskite photovoltaic module is no greater than 15 kg / m². 2 .

[0010] Furthermore, the edge sealing component is made of aluminum alloy.

[0011] This invention is achieved by providing a method for preparing a perovskite photovoltaic module as described above, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare a perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer on the surface of the front protective layer; Step 2: Sequentially stack the encapsulation film layer, the thermal insulation core layer, and the backsheet protective layer on the surface of the perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer; Step 3: Place the stacked components into a laminator and heat-press them to form the composite layer; Step 4: Install edge sealing components around the composite layer to complete the fabrication of the perovskite photovoltaic module.

[0012] The present invention is implemented as follows: a carport system is provided, including multiple support columns fixed to the ground and a carport bracket set on the top of the support columns, and multiple perovskite photovoltaic modules as described above are laid on the carport bracket.

[0013] Furthermore, the carport support includes multiple supporting beams, main water channel rods, and secondary water channel rods. Each supporting beam is horizontally fixed to the top of the supporting column, each main water channel rod is vertically fixed to the top of the supporting beam, and each secondary water channel rod is horizontally erected on the top of the main water channel rod. The perovskite photovoltaic module is laid on the top surface of the secondary water channel rod. A connecting block is set on each main water channel rod. The longitudinal outer edge of the perovskite photovoltaic module is fixed to the connecting block by an edge pressure block. The longitudinal side edges of two adjacent perovskite photovoltaic modules are simultaneously fixed to another connecting block by a middle pressure block.

[0014] Furthermore, the carport system also includes a charging pile installed under the carport support frame, and the perovskite photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the charging pile to provide power to the charging pile.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the perovskite photovoltaic module, carport system, and their manufacturing method of the present invention include a perovskite photovoltaic module comprising a composite layer and edge-sealing components disposed around the perimeter of the composite layer. The composite layer comprises, from top to bottom, a front protective layer, a perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer, an encapsulating film layer, a thermal insulation core layer, and a back protective layer. The front protective layer is made of tempered glass with a light transmittance >90%, the encapsulating film layer is made of water-resistant polyolefin elastomer film, the thermal insulation core layer is made of rigid polyurethane foam board with a thermal conductivity <0.025W / (m·K), and the back protective layer is made of embossed aluminum plate with high reflectivity. The perovskite photovoltaic module of the present invention has a thermal insulation effect, not only generating electricity but also significantly inhibiting the transfer of heat to the space below the panel, fundamentally alleviating the "oven effect" of the carport, and constructing a green carport system integrating "power generation, heat insulation, and charging" functions, creating a cool, safe, and comfortable environment for vehicles and users.

[0016] The perovskite photovoltaic module and carport system of the present invention also have the following characteristics: 1. The "low-temperature characteristics" and "lightweight characteristics" of the perovskite photovoltaic module of this invention are key prerequisites for achieving efficient heat insulation in carports.

[0017] Synergistic effect: Compared to crystalline silicon, perovskite materials have a relatively low thermal absorption rate in the infrared band and a lower operating temperature. This reduces heat generation at the source. Combining this "low-temperature heat source" with a high-performance insulation layer achieves a dual insulation mechanism of "source reduction + process interruption," resulting in a superior insulation effect compared to the solution of "high-temperature heat source (crystalline silicon) + the same insulation layer."

[0018] Lightweight advantages: The perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer is extremely thin and light, so even after adding the thermal insulation core layer, the total weight is still significantly lower than that of the "crystalline silicon + insulation layer" structure of the same area. This makes the present invention particularly suitable for lightweight steel carport structures that are sensitive to load-bearing requirements, solving the problems of bulkiness and high application cost of existing technical solutions.

[0019] 2. The technical problem of "open space thermal radiation management" in the carport scenario has been specifically solved.

[0020] Unlike its purpose for building insulation (see patent publication number CN116446567A), the core function of the thermal insulation core layer of this invention is to act as a "thermal barrier" or "thermal shield". Its goal is to reduce the radiation temperature under the board and improve local thermal comfort, rather than to maintain the indoor temperature of the building. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the perovskite photovoltaic module of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the carport system of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Exploded view of the carport support frame; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A full sectional view; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of the middle M section; Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of part N in the middle.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Edge sealing component; 2. Front panel protective layer; 3. Perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer; 4. Encapsulating film layer; 5. Thermal insulation core layer; 6. Back panel protective layer; 7. Support column; 8. Carport bracket; 9. Support beam; 10. Main water channel rod; 11. Secondary water channel rod; 12. Connecting block; 13. Edge pressure block; 14. Middle pressure block; 15. First bolt; 16. Second bolt; 17. Third bolt; 18. Fourth bolt; 19. Cover plate; A. Perovskite photovoltaic modules; B. Carport systems; C. Charging piles; D. Automobiles. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] Please refer to Figure 1As shown, a preferred embodiment of the perovskite photovoltaic module of the present invention includes a composite layer and edge sealing members 1 disposed around the periphery of the composite layer. The composite layer comprises layers stacked sequentially from top to bottom: The front panel protective layer 2 protects the layers below it and allows light to pass through. It is made of tempered glass with a light transmittance of >90%. Perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer 3 can absorb light energy and convert it into electrical energy; The encapsulating film layer 4 is used to protect the perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer 3 and is prepared using a water-resistant polyolefin elastomer film. The thermal insulation core layer 5 blocks the downward transfer of heat and is made of rigid polyurethane foam board with a thermal conductivity of <0.025W / (m·K). The back panel protective layer 6 has a surface that can reflect the far-infrared radiation that penetrates the thermal insulation core layer 5 back, forming secondary thermal insulation. It is made of embossed aluminum plate with high reflectivity.

[0025] The perovskite photovoltaic module A has a unit area weight of no more than 15 kg / m². 2 .

[0026] The edge sealing component 1 is made of aluminum alloy.

[0027] This invention also discloses a method for preparing a perovskite photovoltaic module as described above, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare a perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer 3 on the surface of the front protective layer.

[0028] Step 2: Sequentially stack the encapsulating film layer 4, the thermal insulation core layer 5, and the backsheet protective layer 6 on the surface of the perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer 3.

[0029] Step 3: Place the stacked components into a laminator and heat-press them to form the composite layer.

[0030] Step 4: Install edge sealing component 1 around the perimeter of the composite layer to complete the fabrication of perovskite photovoltaic module A.

[0031] Please refer to the following at the same time Figures 2 to 6 As shown, the present invention also discloses a carport system B, including multiple support columns 7 fixed to the ground and a carport bracket 8 disposed on the top of the support columns 7, on which multiple perovskite photovoltaic modules A as described above are laid. In this embodiment, the support columns 7 are L-shaped support columns, and the carport bracket 8 is fixed to the top of the curved support surface of the L-shaped support columns.

[0032] The carport support frame 8 includes multiple supporting beams 9, main water channel rods 10, and secondary water channel rods 11. Each supporting beam 9 is horizontally fixed to the top of the supporting column 7, each main water channel rod 10 is longitudinally fixed to the top of the supporting beam 9, and each secondary water channel rod 11 is horizontally mounted on top of the main water channel rod 10. The perovskite photovoltaic module A is laid on the top surface of the secondary water channel rod 11. A connecting block 12 is provided on each main water channel rod 10. The longitudinal outer edge of the perovskite photovoltaic module A is fixed to the connecting block 12 by an edge pressure block 13. The longitudinal side edges of two adjacent perovskite photovoltaic modules A are simultaneously fixed to another connecting block 12 by a middle pressure block 14.

[0033] The carport system B also includes a charging pile C installed below the carport support 8. The perovskite photovoltaic module A is electrically connected to the charging pile C to provide power to the charging pile C.

[0034] The perovskite photovoltaic module, carport system and its preparation method of the present invention are further illustrated below through specific embodiments.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Please refer to again Figure 1 As shown, the first embodiment of the method for preparing a perovskite photovoltaic module of the present invention includes the following steps: Step 11: Select 4mm ultra-white tempered glass as the front panel protective layer 2, and prepare a perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer 3 on the surface of the tempered glass.

[0037] Step 12: A 0.5mm thick POE film is stacked on the surface of the perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer 3 as an encapsulation film layer 4, followed by a 25mm thick rigid polyurethane foam board with a thermal conductivity of 0.022W / (m·K) as a thermal insulation core layer 5, and then a 0.5mm thick embossed aluminum backing protective layer 6 is stacked on top.

[0038] Step 13: Place the stacked components into a laminator and heat-press them to form the composite layer.

[0039] Step 14: Install aluminum alloy edge sealing as edge sealing component 1 around the composite layer to complete the preparation of perovskite photovoltaic module A. The perovskite photovoltaic module A prepared has a unit area weight of approximately 12 kg / m².

[0040] Example 2

[0041] Please refer to the following at the same time: Figures 2 to 6 As shown, the first embodiment of the method for preparing the carport system of the present invention includes the following steps: Step 21: The support beam 9 is fixed to the top of the support column 7 by welding. The main water tank rod 10 is fixed to the support beam 9 by the first bolt 15. The connecting block 12 is fixed to the top of the main water tank rod 10 by the second bolt 16.

[0042] Step 22: Lay the secondary water tank rod 11 on top of the main water tank rod 10, and then lay the perovskite photovoltaic module A prepared in Example 1 on top of the secondary water tank rod 11. Install the edge pressure block 13 on the longitudinal outer edge of the outer perovskite photovoltaic module A, and fix the edge pressure block 13 to the connecting block 12 by the third bolt 17. Install the middle pressure block 14 on the longitudinal side edge of two adjacent perovskite photovoltaic modules A, and fix the middle pressure block 14 to another connecting block 12 by the fourth bolt 18.

[0043] Step 23: Install cover plate 19 on the upper part of the longitudinal gap between two adjacent perovskite photovoltaic modules A.

[0044] Step 24: Install charging pile C next to support column 7. Electrically connect perovskite photovoltaic module A to charging pile C, and connect it to the inverter, control box, and power grid, so that perovskite photovoltaic module A supplies power to charging pile C. Charging pile C charges car D.

[0045] To demonstrate the effectiveness of the carport system of the present invention, a comparative experiment was conducted between the carport system prepared in Example 2 and other carport systems constructed with photovoltaic modules. The experimental conditions were: ambient temperature 35°C, light intensity 1000 W / m², and continuous irradiation for 2 hours. The surface temperature under the photovoltaic modules and the internal radiation temperature of the carport were then measured. The internal radiation temperature was measured at a distance of 1 meter from the bottom of the photovoltaic modules.

[0046] Comparative Example 1 is a photovoltaic carport constructed using crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels. The difference between the crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels in Comparative Example 1 and those in Example 1 is that the crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels used are existing traditional crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, and no heat insulation core layer is set in the crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels.

[0047] Comparative Example 2 is also a photovoltaic carport constructed using crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels. The difference between the crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels in Comparative Example 2 and those in Example 1 is that the crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels used are existing conventional crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules.

[0048] Comparative Example 3 is a photovoltaic carport constructed from perovskite photovoltaic modules. The difference between the perovskite photovoltaic modules in Comparative Example 3 and those in Example 1 is that no thermal insulation core layer and backsheet protective layer are provided.

[0049] The control group consisted of ordinary carports made of commonly used corrugated steel sheets.

[0050] The comparative experimental results of Example 2, Comparative Examples 1-3, and the control group are shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1. Comparative experimental results of the carport system in Example 2, Comparative Examples 1-3, and the control group.

[0052] From the table above, we can see that: 1. The thermal insulation performance (underside surface temperature 45°C) of Example 2 of the present invention is far superior to that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, which proves the great advantages of the "perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer + thermal insulation core layer + back sheet protective layer" structure.

[0053] 2. The thermal insulation effect of Example 2 is even better than that of Comparative Example 2. Combined with its lighter weight (12.0 kg / m² vs 17.5 kg / m²), it fully demonstrates that the combination of perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer and thermal insulation core layer produces unexpected synergistic technical effects. That is, better comprehensive performance is achieved with lighter weight, achieving thermal insulation and structural lightweighting effects, and solving the core contradiction in carport applications.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite photovoltaic module, comprising a composite layer and edge-sealing components disposed around the perimeter of the composite layer, characterized in that, The combined layer comprises layers stacked sequentially from top to bottom: The front panel protective layer protects the layers underneath while allowing light to pass through. It is made of tempered glass with a light transmittance of >90%. Perovskite photovoltaic layers can absorb light energy and convert it into electrical energy; The encapsulating film layer, used to protect the perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer, is prepared using a water-resistant polyolefin elastomer film. The thermal insulation core layer, which prevents heat from being transferred downwards, is made of rigid polyurethane foam board with a thermal conductivity of <0.025W / (m·K). The back panel protective layer has a surface that can reflect far-infrared radiation that penetrates the thermal insulation core layer back, forming secondary thermal insulation. It is made of embossed aluminum plate with high reflectivity.

2. The perovskite photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The weight per unit area of ​​the perovskite photovoltaic module is no more than 15 kg / m². 2 .

3. The perovskite photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The edge sealing component is made of aluminum alloy.

4. A method for preparing a perovskite photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The steps include the following: Step 1: Prepare a perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer on the surface of the front protective layer; Step 2: Sequentially stack the encapsulation film layer, the thermal insulation core layer, and the backsheet protective layer on the surface of the perovskite photovoltaic power generation layer; Step 3: Place the stacked components into a laminator and heat-press them to form the composite layer; Step 4: Install edge sealing components around the composite layer to complete the fabrication of the perovskite photovoltaic module.

5. A carport system, comprising a plurality of support columns fixed to the ground and a carport bracket disposed on top of the support columns, characterized in that, Multiple perovskite photovoltaic modules as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 are laid on the carport support.

6. The carport system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The carport support includes multiple supporting beams, main water channel rods, and secondary water channel rods. Each supporting beam is horizontally fixed to the top of the supporting column, each main water channel rod is longitudinally fixed to the top of the supporting beam, and each secondary water channel rod is horizontally erected on the top of the main water channel rod. The perovskite photovoltaic modules are laid on the top surface of the secondary water channel rods. Connecting blocks are set on each main water channel rod. The longitudinal outer edge of the perovskite photovoltaic module is fixed to the connecting block by an edge pressure block. The longitudinal side edges of two adjacent perovskite photovoltaic modules are simultaneously fixed to another connecting block by a middle pressure block.

7. The carport system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The carport system also includes charging piles installed under the carport support frame. The perovskite photovoltaic modules are electrically connected to the charging piles to provide power to them.

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