Display panel and display device

Abstract

The application provides a display panel and a display device. The display panel comprises a driving substrate, a first conductive layer, a planar layer provided on the first conductive layer and provided with a conductive via, a first electrode layer provided on the planar layer and comprising a plurality of anode electrodes, a pixel isolation structure provided on the first electrode layer and formed with a plurality of pixel openings and comprising a conductive connection part electrically connected with the first conductive layer through the conductive via, a sub-pixel provided in the pixel opening, a cathode electrode of the sub-pixel extending to the conductive connection part and electrically connected with the conductive connection part, a sacrificial layer provided between the driving substrate and the first conductive layer, the sacrificial layer and the first conductive layer being metal layers, and a standard electrode potential of the sacrificial layer being smaller than a standard electrode potential of the first conductive layer, and an insulating layer provided between the sacrificial layer and the first conductive layer and provided with a connection via, the sacrificial layer being electrically connected with the first conductive layer through the connection via. The display panel can improve the stability and brightness uniformity in a marine salt spray environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display panel and display device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of display technology, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panels have become the preferred choice for mainstream display devices due to their advantages such as self-illumination, high contrast, high response, and flexibility.

[0003] Currently, when OLED display panels are used in ship bridge navigation systems, they are exposed to extreme marine salt spray environments. Typically, in marine salt spray environments, the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) exceeds 5 mg / m³. 3 The humidity reaches above 85% RH. In such an environment, salt spray can penetrate through the micropores of the sealant at the edge of the display panel, forming an electrolyte film on the surface of the conductive layer made of copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al), triggering electrochemical corrosion. The corrosion products produced by electrochemical corrosion, such as basic copper chloride (CuCl2·2Cu(OH)2), cause the conductive layer to expand in volume, generating mechanical stress that pushes other film layers upwards. This leads to cracking at the contact interface between the conductive layer and other structures, resulting in an exponential increase in contact resistance. Consequently, the display panel exhibits uneven brightness due to problems such as poor threshold voltage compensation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a display panel and display device, which aims to solve the problems of film cracking and uneven brightness caused by salt spray corrosion in the prior art.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the first technical solution provided in this application is: to provide a display panel. The display panel includes: Drive substrate; First conductive layer; A planarization layer is disposed on the side of the first conductive layer away from the driving substrate, and has conductive vias. The first electrode layer is disposed on the side of the planarization layer away from the driving substrate and includes multiple anode electrodes; A pixel isolation structure is disposed on the side of the first electrode layer away from the driving substrate and surrounds each anode electrode to form multiple pixel openings; the pixel isolation structure includes a conductive connection portion, which is electrically connected to the first conductive layer through a conductive via. A sub-pixel, disposed within a pixel opening, includes a stacked anode electrode, a light-emitting layer, and a cathode electrode; the cathode electrode extends to a conductive connection portion and is electrically connected to the conductive connection portion. A sacrificial layer is disposed between the driving substrate and the first conductive layer; the sacrificial layer and the first conductive layer are metal layers, and the standard electrode potential of the sacrificial layer is lower than the standard electrode potential of the first conductive layer. An insulating layer is disposed between the sacrificial layer and the first conductive layer, and a connection via is provided, through which the sacrificial layer is electrically connected to the first conductive layer.

[0006] In some embodiments, the insulating layer is provided with a plurality of arrayed connection vias; the diameter of the connection vias is 0.5~3μm; the spacing between adjacent connection vias is 15~30μm; The first conductive layer is made of copper or aluminum, and the sacrificial layer is made of zinc or a zinc-magnesium alloy.

[0007] In some embodiments, the wall of the conductive via is provided with a partition layer, and the thickness of the partition layer is 1~5μm along the radial direction of the conductive via; a conductive post is provided inside the conductive via, and the partition layer covers the conductive post; the material of the partition layer is parylene.

[0008] In some embodiments, the sacrificial layer has a plurality of pits on the side near the insulating layer, the pits having a depth of 0.2 to 0.5 μm and a radial dimension of 1 to 5 μm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the display panel is divided into a display area and a non-display area, with the non-display area surrounding the display area; Along the direction from the non-display area to the display area, the display panel also includes a first signal line, a second signal line, and a third signal line arranged sequentially and insulated from each other; the first signal line and the second signal line are made of the same material, and the standard electrode potential of the second signal line is greater than the standard electrode potential of the third signal line; The outer surfaces of the first signal line, the second signal line, and the third signal line are all covered with a protective layer; multiple detection windows are spaced apart on the protective layer along the circumference of the display area, so that the first signal line, the second signal line, and the third signal line are partially exposed; The display panel also includes a detection module, which includes: A resistance detection circuit, wherein a first signal line and a second signal line are electrically connected to the resistance detection circuit, and are used to detect the resistance between the first signal line and the second signal line; The current detection circuit has a second signal line and a third signal line electrically connected to it to detect the current between the second signal line and the third signal line.

[0010] In some embodiments, the line width of the first signal line, the second signal line, and the third signal line is 10~50μm; along the extension direction of the protective layer, the length of the detection window is 100~200μm, and the spacing between adjacent detection windows is 1~15mm. The first and second signal lines are made of copper, the third signal line is made of aluminum, and the protective layer is made of indium tin oxide. The protective layer includes a first protective layer, a second protective layer, and a third protective layer, which respectively cover the first signal line, the second signal line, and the third signal line; the radial width of the first protective layer, the second protective layer, and the third protective layer is 20~60μm, and the spacing between adjacent first protective layer, second protective layer, and third protective layer is 50~100μm; Along the circumference of the display area, a first protective layer has multiple first windows spaced apart, a second protective layer has multiple second windows spaced apart, and a third protective layer has multiple third windows spaced apart; wherein, the first windows and the second windows are at least partially opposite to each other, and the second windows and the third windows are at least partially opposite to each other.

[0011] In some embodiments, the side of a portion of the first signal line in the first window and the side of a portion of the second signal line in the second window that are close to each other are serrated, and the side of a portion of the second signal line in the second window and the side of a portion of the third signal line in the third window that are close to each other are serrated, with the apex angle of the serration being 60°~90°. The first window and the second window are partially opposite and partially offset; the second window and the third window are partially opposite and partially offset.

[0012] In some embodiments, the protective layer completely covers the first signal line, the second signal line and the third signal line, and the first signal line and the second signal line, as well as the second signal line and the third signal line, are separated by the protective layer. A sacrificial part is set in the detection window so that the three adjacent first signal lines, second signal lines, and third signal lines in the detection window are isolated by the sacrificial part; and the corrosion resistance of the material of the sacrificial part is lower than that of the material of the protective layer.

[0013] In some embodiments, the resistance detection circuit includes a pull-up resistor, a resistor to be detected, a first operational amplifier, and a voltage source; The pull-up resistor and the resistor to be detected are connected in series between the voltage source and the ground terminal; the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is electrically connected to the connection node between the pull-up resistor and the resistor to be detected, and the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier are electrically connected. The resistance value of the resistor to be detected is obtained based on the voltage value at the output terminal. The resistor to be detected is the resistance between the first signal line and the second signal line. The current detection circuit includes a second operational amplifier, a feedback resistor, a feedback capacitor, and a current source to be detected; The feedback resistor and feedback capacitor are connected in parallel between the inverting input and output of the second operational amplifier; the current source to be detected is electrically connected to the inverting input of the second operational amplifier; the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier is electrically connected to the ground terminal. The current of the current source to be detected is obtained based on the voltage value at the output terminal. The current of the current source to be detected is the current between the second signal line and the third signal line.

[0014] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the second technical solution provided in this application is: to provide a display device. The display device includes: The display panel is the display panel provided in any of the above embodiments; The control circuit board is electrically connected to the display panel and is used to provide drive signals to the display panel so that the display panel displays the corresponding image.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: Unlike the prior art, this application provides a display panel and display device. The display panel has a sacrificial layer with a lower standard electrode potential disposed below a first conductive layer, and an insulating layer disposed between the sacrificial layer and the first conductive layer. A connection via is disposed on the insulating layer, allowing the sacrificial layer to be electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the connection via. In a salt spray environment, the sacrificial layer, the first conductive layer, and the salt spray film form a corrosion galvanic cell, causing the sacrificial layer with the lower standard electrode potential to preferentially undergo electrochemical corrosion, thus protecting the first conductive layer and indirectly protecting the cathode electrode. This allows the cathode signal to be conducted normally, reducing the problem of increased contact resistance caused by film lifting and interface cracking due to expansive corrosion products on the surface of the first conductive layer. This effectively improves the long-term stability and brightness uniformity of the display panel in extreme marine environments. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the display panel provided in the first embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an insulating layer provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for fabricating a microporous conductive pillar array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 It corresponds Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the preparation process provided in the implementation method; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the display panel provided in the second embodiment of this application; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a horizontal partial cross-sectional structure of the planarization layer and conductive vias provided in the embodiment; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the display panel provided in the third embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a display panel provided in the fourth embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a partial planar structural schematic diagram of the detection line provided in the first embodiment of this application; Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the detection line in the AA direction provided in the embodiment; Figure 11 This is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the detection line provided in the first embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a partial planar structural diagram of the detection line provided in the second embodiment of this application; Figure 13 This is a partial planar structural schematic diagram of the detection line provided in the third embodiment of this application; Figure 14 yes Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the detection line in the BB direction provided in the embodiment; Figure 15 yes Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the detection line in the CC direction provided in the embodiment; Figure 16 yes Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the state structure of the detection line provided in the embodiment when salt spray and water vapor invade; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of a resistance detection circuit provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of a current detection circuit provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a display panel provided in the fifth embodiment of this application; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure label: 100 - Display panel; 101 - Display area; 102 - Non-display area; 103 - Resistance detection circuit; 104 - Current detection circuit; 105 - Control module; 200 - Control circuit board; 10-Driving substrate; 20-Sacrificial layer; 21-Pit; 30-Insulating layer; 31-Connection via; 32-Micro-via conductive pillar; 40-First conductive layer; 50-Planarization layer; 51-Conductive via; 52-Conductive pillar; 53-Isolation layer; 60-First electrode layer; 61-Anode electrode; 70-Pixel isolation structure; 71-Pixel definition layer; 72-Conductive connection; 73-Top structure; 80-Sub-pixel; 81-Light-emitting layer; 82-Cathode electrode; 91-First signal line; 92-Second signal line; 93-Third signal line; 94-Protective layer; 941-First protective layer; 942-Second protective layer; 943-Third protective layer; 95-Detection window; 951-First window; 952-Second window; 953-Third window; 954-Sacrificial part; R1 - Pull-up resistor; Rx - Resistor to be detected; OP1 - First operational amplifier; V1 - Voltage source; Vout1 - First output voltage; OP2 - Second operational amplifier; R2 - Feedback resistor; C1 - Feedback capacitor; Iin - Current source to be detected. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures, interfaces, and technologies are presented for illustrative purposes rather than for limiting purposes, in order to provide a thorough understanding of this application.

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] The terms "first," "second," and "third" in this application are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified. All directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of this application are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and movements between components in a specific orientation (as shown in the figures). If the specific orientation changes, the directional indications also change accordingly. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0023] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0024] Currently, when OLED display panels are used in ship bridge navigation systems, they are exposed to extreme marine salt spray environments, where the concentration of NaCl typically exceeds 5 mg / m³. 3 The humidity reaches above 85% RH. Salt spray can penetrate through the micropores of the sealant at the edge of the display panel, forming an electrolyte film on the surface of the conductive layer made of Cu or Al, initiating electrochemical corrosion. For example, taking a conductive layer made of Cu as an example, the anodic reaction in the electrochemical reaction is: Cu → Cu 2+ +2e - The cathode reaction is: O2 + 2H2O + 4e - →4OH - The corrosion products generated during the corrosion process, such as basic copper chloride CuCl2·2Cu(OH)2, have a low density, causing them to expand in volume. This generates mechanical stress that pushes other film layers upwards, leading to cracks at the contact interface between the conductive layer and other structures. This results in an exponential increase in contact resistance, causing uneven brightness in the display panel due to problems such as poor threshold voltage compensation.

[0025] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application proposes a display panel and display device. By setting a sacrificial layer with a lower standard electrode potential below the first conductive layer, and an insulating layer between the sacrificial layer and the first conductive layer, and by providing a connection via on the insulating layer, the sacrificial layer is electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the connection via. When salt spray penetrates, the sacrificial layer, the first conductive layer, and the salt spray film form a corrosion galvanic cell. This causes the sacrificial layer, with its lower standard electrode potential, to preferentially undergo electrochemical corrosion, thus protecting the first conductive layer and indirectly protecting the cathode electrode. This allows the cathode signal to be transmitted normally, reducing the problem of increased contact resistance caused by film lifting and interface cracking due to expansive corrosion products on the surface of the first conductive layer. This effectively improves the long-term stability and brightness uniformity of the display panel in extreme marine environments.

[0026] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a display panel provided in the first embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, a display panel 100 is provided, which includes: Drive substrate 10; First conductive layer 40; A planarization layer 50 is disposed on the side of the first conductive layer 40 away from the driving substrate 10, and has a conductive via 51. The first electrode layer 60 is disposed on the side of the planarization layer 50 away from the driving substrate 10, and includes a plurality of anode electrodes 61; A pixel isolation structure 70 is disposed on the side of the first electrode layer 60 away from the driving substrate 10 and surrounds each anode electrode 61 to form a plurality of pixel openings; the pixel isolation structure 70 includes a conductive connection portion 72, which is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 40 through a conductive via 51. Sub-pixel 80 is disposed within the pixel opening and includes a stacked anode electrode 61, a light-emitting layer 81, and a cathode electrode 82; the cathode electrode 82 extends to the conductive connection portion 72 and is electrically connected to the conductive connection portion 72. A sacrificial layer 20 is disposed between the driving substrate 10 and the first conductive layer 40; the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40 are metal layers, and the standard electrode potential of the sacrificial layer 20 is less than the standard electrode potential of the first conductive layer 40. An insulating layer 30 is disposed between the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40, and is provided with a connection via 31. The sacrificial layer 20 is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 40 through the connection via 31.

[0028] The driving substrate 10 includes a substrate and a driving circuit disposed on the substrate. The driving circuit is electrically connected to the sub-pixel 80 and is used to drive the sub-pixel 80 to emit light. Specifically, it is electrically connected to the anode of the sub-pixel 80 and is used to provide a driving signal to the sub-pixel 80 so that the sub-pixel 80 displays the corresponding brightness. The driving substrate 10 can be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate, depending on the application scenario and usage requirements.

[0029] The first conductive layer 40 is electrically connected to the cathode electrode 82 through the conductive connection portion 72 of the pixel isolation structure 70 for transmitting cathode signals, thereby creating a preset potential difference across the sub-pixel 80 to display the corresponding brightness. The first conductive layer 40 can specifically be a metallic conductive material, such as Cu or Al.

[0030] The planarization layer 50 is made of an insulating material and is used to make the substrate surface flatter so that the brightness of the sub-pixels 80 is more uniform. The first electrode layer 60 is disposed on the planarization layer 50 and includes a plurality of anode electrodes 61. The plurality of anode electrodes 61 are arranged in an array. The shape of the anode electrodes 61 can be set according to the shape design of the sub-pixels 80, and the distribution method can be set according to the arrangement design of the sub-pixels 80.

[0031] A pixel isolation structure 70 is disposed on the first electrode layer 60 to isolate each sub-pixel 80 and prevent pixel crosstalk. Specifically, the pixel isolation structure 70 protrudes from the first conductive layer 40 and is grid-shaped. The grid corresponds one-to-one with the anode electrode 61 and surrounds the anode electrode 61, thereby defining multiple pixel openings. The anode electrode 61 is exposed in the pixel openings, and a corresponding sub-pixel 80 is disposed in each pixel opening. Specifically, the sub-pixel 80 includes a stacked anode electrode 61, a light-emitting layer 81, and a cathode electrode 82. The light-emitting layer 81 may include a red light-emitting layer 81, a green light-emitting layer 81, and a blue light-emitting layer 81, thereby constituting a red sub-pixel 80, a green sub-pixel 80, and a blue sub-pixel 80.

[0032] Furthermore, the pixel isolation structure 70 also includes a conductive connection portion 72, which is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 40 through a conductive via 51 formed in the planarization layer 50. The cathode electrode 82 of each sub-pixel 80 is in contact with and connected to the conductive connection portion 72, so as to electrically connect to the first conductive layer 40 through the conductive connection portion 72 and realize the transmission of cathode signals; at the same time, the pixel isolation structure 70 connects the cathodes of each sub-pixel 80, achieving a mesh connection between different sub-pixels 80 and realizing the uniformity of the signal across the entire surface of the cathode electrode 82.

[0033] In some embodiments, the pixel isolation structure 70 includes a pixel definition layer 71, a conductive connection portion 72, and a top structure 73 stacked sequentially. The pixel definition layer 71 protrudes from the planarization layer 50 and has multiple grids surrounding the anode electrode 61, forming multiple pixel openings to separate each sub-pixel 80. The conductive connection portion 72 protrudes from the pixel definition layer 71, and a conductive via 51 penetrates both the pixel definition layer 71 and the planarization layer 50, thereby achieving an electrical connection between the conductive connection portion 72 and the first conductive layer 40. The top structure 73 is located on the upper surface of the conductive connection portion 72, shielding the conductive connection portion 72 and extending the conductive connection portion 72 in a direction parallel to the first conductive layer 40; that is, the top structure 73 is in contact with the conductive connection portion 72, and the orthographic projection of the top structure 73 onto the driving substrate 10 completely covers the orthographic projection of the conductive connection portion 72 onto the driving substrate 10. The portion of the top structure 73 extending beyond the conductive connection portion 72 is suspended relative to the conductive connection portion 72. This arrangement of the top structure 73 allows it to replace a photomask in the deposition process of the light-emitting layer 81 and the cathode. In a specific embodiment, the deposition angle can be adjusted by using the suspended portion of the top structure 73 to regulate the edge range of each film layer in the light-emitting layer 81. Furthermore, in the direction perpendicular to the driving substrate 10, the longitudinal section of the sidewall of the conductive connection portion 72 is trapezoidal, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the conductive connection portion 72 gradually decreases towards the top structure 73, facilitating contact between the cathode electrode 82 and the conductive connection portion 72 and improving the stability of the electrical connection.

[0034] The sacrificial layer 20 is an electrochemical protective layer made of metallic material. Its standard electrode potential is lower than that of the first conductive layer 40, allowing it to preferentially undergo oxidation in the presence of electrolyte, thus providing electrochemical protection for the first conductive layer 40. It should be noted that the standard electrode potential refers to the electromotive force (potential difference) measured relative to the standard hydrogen electrode of a half-cell composed of a certain electrode and its corresponding particles under standard conditions. The unit is volts (V). The specific conditions for the standard conditions are: temperature 25℃, pressure 1 bar, ion activity in the solution 1 mol / L, and the pure solid or pure liquid being in its most stable standard state.

[0035] The insulating layer 30 is used to isolate the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40 over a large area, preventing the formation of a short-circuit galvanic cell. The via 31 is a conductive channel penetrating the insulating layer 30, used to establish an electrical connection between the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40. The sacrificial layer 20 is disposed between the driving substrate 10 and the first conductive layer 40, and is parallel and spaced apart from the first conductive layer 40. The insulating layer 30 covers the surface of the sacrificial layer 20 and is spaced apart from the first conductive layer 40, and the via 31 is formed on the insulating layer 30. The sacrificial layer 20 is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 40 through a conductive material (such as a copper pillar) within the via 31.

[0036] When the display panel 100 is in a salt spray environment, the salt spray moisture penetrates and forms an electrolyte film. Because the standard electrode potential of the sacrificial layer 20 is lower, the sacrificial layer 20 acts as the anode and undergoes a dissolution reaction (e.g., Zn loses electrons and becomes ions). The released electrons flow through the connecting via 31 to the first conductive layer 40. The first conductive layer 40 acts as the cathode, receiving electrons and thus inhibiting its own oxidation and corrosion. This process provides electrochemical protection for the first conductive layer 40, preventing film cracking and increased contact resistance caused by the volume expansion of corrosion products. The sacrificial layer 20 can be made of zinc or a zinc-magnesium alloy, with a thickness between 0.5 and 1 μm. The insulating layer 30 can be made of silicon nitride or silicon oxide. The connecting via 31 is filled with conductive metal pillars, such as copper through electroplating, forming an array of microporous conductive pillars 32 to limit the magnitude of the corrosion current and achieve slow and controllable consumption of the sacrificial layer 20.

[0037] In this embodiment, by adding a sacrificial layer 20 with a lower standard electrode potential and providing an insulating layer 30 with a connecting via between the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40, the sacrificial layer 20 is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 40 through the connecting via 31. In a salt spray environment, the sacrificial layer 20, the first conductive layer 40, and the salt spray film form a corrosion galvanic cell, thereby causing the sacrificial layer 20 with a lower standard electrode potential to preferentially undergo electrochemical corrosion. This transforms the first conductive layer 40 into a cathode for protection, indirectly protecting the cathode electrode 82 and enabling the cathode signal to be conducted normally. This reduces the problem of increased contact resistance caused by film lifting and interface cracking due to expansion corrosion products on the surface of the first conductive layer 40, effectively improving the long-term stability and brightness uniformity of the display panel 100 in extreme marine environments.

[0038] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an insulating layer 30 provided in an embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, the insulating layer 30 is provided with a plurality of arrayed connection vias 31; the aperture of the connection vias 31 is 0.5~3μm; and the spacing between adjacent connection vias 31 is 15~30μm.

[0039] The vias 31 penetrate the insulating layer 30 and serve as conductive channels for electrical connection between the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40. The vias 31 are arranged in an array on the plane of the insulating layer 30, i.e., in a regular grid or dot matrix pattern. The aperture of the via 31 is defined as the diameter of the via opening, and its value is limited to between 0.5 and 3 μm, for example, 0.5 μm, 0.6 μm, 0.7 μm, 0.8 μm, 0.9 μm, 1.0 μm, 1.1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.3 μm, 1.4 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.6 μm, 1.7 μm, 1.8 μm, 1.9 μm, 2.0 μm, 2.1 μm, 2.2 μm, etc. The aperture sizes are 2.3μm, 2.4μm, 2.5μm, 2.6μm, 2.7μm, 2.8μm, 2.9μm, and 3.0μm. By limiting the aperture of the connecting via 31 to this range, the corrosion current can be effectively limited, the cross-sectional area of ​​the current channel can be reduced, the corrosion current can be lowered, the sacrificial layer 20 can be consumed slowly and controllably, the depletion rate of the sacrificial layer 20 can be reduced, and the precision requirements of the fabrication process of the connecting via 31 can be met.

[0040] The spacing between adjacent connecting vias 31 refers to the distance between the straight-line distance between the center points of any two adjacent connecting vias 31 in the same plane, minus the radius from the center point of each connecting via 31 to the edge of the hole. In other words, it is the distance between the intersection point of the line connecting the centers of two connecting vias 31 and the hole. This spacing is limited to 15~30μm, for example, it can be 15μm, 16μm, 17μm, 18μm, 19μm, 20μm, 21μm, 22μm, 23μm, 24μm, 25μm, 26μm, 27μm, 28μm, 29μm, or 30μm. The specific spacing can be flexibly set according to the specific process, the thickness of the sacrificial layer 20, and the corrosion current density requirements.

[0041] During operation, electrons released from the sacrificial layer 20 flow to the first conductive layer 40 through the microporous conductive pillars 32 within each connecting via 31. Due to the extremely small aperture and limited total cross-sectional area, a high resistance is formed in the circuit, which limits the corrosion current. Furthermore, the total corrosion current can be precisely controlled by adjusting the aperture of the connecting via 31 and the spacing between adjacent connecting vias 31, keeping it at a low level in the nanoampere range, thereby achieving the slow consumption of the sacrificial anode.

[0042] For example, taking zinc (Zn) as the material of sacrificial layer 20, zinc (Zn) undergoes an anodic dissolution reaction: Zn → Zn 2+ +2e - According to Faraday's law, the relationship between the dissolved mass and the current and time is as follows: (1); Where M represents the molar mass of zinc (65.38 g / mol), n represents the number of electrons transferred in the reaction (2 for zinc), F represents the Faraday constant (approximately 96485 C / mol), I represents the corrosion current, and t represents the time of electro-corrosion (i.e., the service life of sacrificial layer 20).

[0043] The service life of the sacrificial layer 20 can be calculated according to equation (1): (2); According to equation (2), the service life of the sacrificial layer 20 can be improved by increasing the thickness of the sacrificial layer 20 (i.e., increasing V), decreasing the diameter of the microporous conductive pillars 32 (i.e., decreasing I), or decreasing the number of microporous conductive pillars 32 (i.e., decreasing I). With I = 1 nA / cm 2 For example, the lifetime of sacrificial layer 20 is t = 2.107 × 10⁻⁶. 8 s = 6.68 years.

[0044] In this embodiment, by setting multiple arrayed vias 31 on the insulating layer 30 with apertures of 0.5~3μm and a spacing of 15~30μm between adjacent vias 31, the electrical connection channel between the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40 has a small total cross-sectional area, thereby forming a high-impedance current-limiting resistor. This structure strictly limits the corrosion current to the nanoampere level, achieving slow and controllable consumption of the sacrificial anode layer and extending the service life of the display panel 100 in salt spray environments. Setting the aperture of the vias 31 to 0.5~3μm balances process feasibility and electrical performance, ensuring the integrity of the metal filling while effectively blocking the risk of rapid corrosion caused by high current, further improving the reliability of the display panel 100 in extreme marine environments. The arrayed distribution of the vias 31 and the spacing of adjacent vias 31 set to 15~30μm allow the micro-orifice conductive pillar array 32 to optimize the current distribution uniformity of the sacrificial layer 20 while meeting the high-impedance current-limiting requirements. This spacing range ensures a more uniform dissolution process of the sacrificial layer 20 in the array of microporous conductive pillars 32, avoiding the problem of rapid depletion of the sacrificial anode (sacrificial layer 20) or excessively deep local corrosion pits caused by excessively high local current density.

[0045] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for fabricating a microporous conductive pillar array according to one embodiment of this application. Figure 4 It corresponds Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the fabrication process provided in the embodiment is shown. Specifically, the method for fabricating the array of microporous conductive pillars 32 includes: S1: A sacrificial layer 20 and an insulating layer 30 are sequentially fabricated on the driving substrate 10; S2: Connecting vias 31 are fabricated on the insulating layer 30 to form a micro-hole array; S3: Fill the connecting via 31 with a conductive metallic material to form a microporous conductive pillar 32.

[0046] Specifically, a plurality of connection vias 31 can be formed on the insulating layer 30 using photolithography / etching processes. These vias 31 are arranged in an array on the insulating layer 30. Then, a conductive metal material is filled into the connection vias 31 using a vapor deposition process to form micro-orifice conductive pillars 32 within the vias 31, thus forming a connection channel between the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40, connecting the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40. In a specific embodiment, the first conductive layer 40 and the micro-orifice conductive pillars 32 can be fabricated in the same process, i.e., they can both be formed through the aforementioned step S3, and both the first conductive layer 40 and the micro-orifice conductive pillars 32 are made of the same conductive metal material.

[0047] In some embodiments, the first conductive layer 40 is made of copper or aluminum, and the sacrificial layer 20 is made of zinc or a zinc-magnesium alloy.

[0048] The first conductive layer 40 is made of copper or aluminum, and the sacrificial layer 20 is made of zinc or a zinc-magnesium alloy. An electrical couple is formed by utilizing the standard electrode potential difference between the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40. The standard electrode potential of zinc is approximately -0.76V, the zinc-magnesium alloy has a more negative potential, while the standard electrode potential of copper is approximately +0.34V, and the standard electrode potential of aluminum is approximately -1.66V. The specific working process is as follows: when salt spray penetrates and forms an electrolyte film, the zinc or zinc-magnesium alloy acts as the anode and undergoes an oxidation reaction, losing electrons and becoming ions that enter the electrolyte. Electrons flow through the connecting via 31 to the copper or aluminum first conductive layer 40, which acts as the cathode, thereby inhibiting the corrosion of the first conductive layer 40.

[0049] For example, in one embodiment, the first conductive layer 40 is a copper layer, and the sacrificial layer 20 is a pure zinc layer. The large potential difference between zinc and copper (approximately 1.1V) ensures sufficient driving voltage to preferentially dissolve the sacrificial layer 20 even under low-concentration salt spray conditions, protecting the copper conductive layer from corrosion. In another embodiment, the first conductive layer 40 is a copper layer, and the sacrificial layer 20 is a zinc-magnesium alloy layer. The addition of magnesium further reduces the potential of the sacrificial layer 20, increasing the driving force of the sacrificial anode, enabling rapid activation of the protective effect even in weak salt spray environments. Simultaneously, the addition of magnesium refines the zinc grains, resulting in more uniform corrosion of the sacrificial layer 20. In yet another embodiment, the first conductive layer 40 is an aluminum layer, and the sacrificial layer 20 is a zinc-magnesium alloy layer. Although aluminum itself has a low potential, it is often used as a common electrode or signal line in actual OLED processes. By applying a zinc-magnesium alloy sacrificial layer 20 with a more negative potential, the aluminum layer can be forced into a cathode state, preventing open circuits or increased contact resistance caused by localized corrosion.

[0050] In this embodiment, by defining the first conductive layer 40 as copper or aluminum and the sacrificial layer 20 as zinc or a zinc-magnesium alloy, a stable electrochemical potential difference is formed between the two. This ensures that the sacrificial layer 20 can reliably act as an anode and preferentially dissolve in a salt spray environment, thereby effectively protecting the first conductive layer 40 by transforming it into a cathode. By selecting zinc or a zinc-magnesium alloy as the material for the sacrificial layer 20, the volume change of corrosion products generated during the dissolution process is relatively controllable. Furthermore, the good solubility of zinc salts helps maintain the unobstructed flow of the microporous conductive pillars 32 array, preventing corrosion products from accumulating and clogging the connection channels, thus ensuring the continuity and stability of the cathodic protection. Using a zinc-magnesium alloy as the material for the sacrificial layer 20 gives it a more negative potential and more uniform corrosion characteristics, improving the response speed and protection efficiency under low salt spray concentrations. Simultaneously, it refines the microstructure of the sacrificial layer 20, resulting in more uniform consumption of the sacrificial layer 20, which helps extend the overall service life of the display panel 100 in a marine environment.

[0051] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the display panel 100 provided in the second embodiment of this application. Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a horizontal partial cross-sectional structure of the planarization layer 50 and the conductive via 51 provided in the embodiment. In this embodiment, the wall of the conductive via 51 is provided with a partition layer 53, and a conductive post 52 is provided inside the conductive via 51. The partition layer 53 covers the conductive post 52; the material of the partition layer 53 is parylene.

[0052] The conductive via 51 is a channel penetrating the pixel definition layer 71 and the planarization layer 50, used to achieve electrical connection between the first conductive layer 40 and the conductive connection portion 72 above it. Conductive pillars 52 fill the conductive via 51, forming a conductive path. An isolation layer 53 is attached to the inner surface of the conductive via 51, i.e., the via wall, and wraps around the conductive pillars 52. The isolation layer 53 maintains insulation from the conductive pillars 52, and is tightly fitted to the via wall of the conductive via 51. Parylene is a polymer material with excellent moisture-proof and salt spray-proof properties. The isolation layer 53 is formed on the via wall by coating or vapor deposition processes, and its thickness can be set according to process requirements, typically at the submicron to micron level. Furthermore, the adhesion of the isolation layer 53 to the via wall can be enhanced by plasma treatment. When water vapor and chloride ions in a salt spray environment attempt to penetrate through microscopic defects in the pore wall or downward along the pore wall, the dense barrier layer 53 formed by parylene can block the ion transport path, effectively reducing the amount of electrolyte reaching the bottom of the conductive pillar 52 or coming into contact with other sensitive structures.

[0053] In this embodiment, by setting a barrier layer 53 made of parylene, its excellent salt spray barrier properties prevent salt spray moisture from penetrating downwards along the hole wall of the conductive via 51 to the bottom electrical contact interface. This avoids the contact failure problem caused by the expansion corrosion products generated by interface corrosion pushing open the conductive connection part 72. The barrier layer 53 covers the conductive post 52 and is set on the hole wall, so that a closed insulating barrier is formed inside the conductive via 51, further blocking the path of chloride ions migrating along the hole wall, which is beneficial to improving the sealing performance and long-term reliability of the display panel 100 in marine salt spray environment.

[0054] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the thickness of the barrier layer 53 is 1~5μm along the radial direction of the conductive via 51.

[0055] The radial thickness of the isolation layer 53 is limited to 1~5μm, referring to the thickness of the isolation layer 53 attached to the hole wall, with the thickness direction being the same as the radial direction of the conductive via 51. Specifically, the thickness of the isolation layer 53 can be 1μm, 2μm, 2.5μm, 3μm, 3.5μm, 4μm, 4.5μm, or 5μm, and can be formed by vapor deposition or coating processes. Specifically, the thickness of the isolation layer 53 can be set according to the pore size and barrier requirements of the conductive via 51. Isolation layers 53 within this thickness range can achieve a salt spray permeability of less than 0.1g / m². 2 / day, while ensuring a sufficiently high salt spray barrier rate, it also effectively controls the occupancy of the conductive space within the micropores, ensuring a reliable electrical connection between the conductive post 52 and the upper and lower electrodes. Furthermore, the partition layer 53 is formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition to optimize its uniform coverage within the micropores.

[0056] In this embodiment, by limiting the thickness of the partition layer 53 radially along the conductive via 51 to 1~5μm, the partition layer 53 possesses sufficient physical continuity and density, effectively blocking the path of salt spray and water vapor penetrating downwards along the via wall, thus avoiding the risk of pinhole penetration due to excessively thin film. This thickness range limits the excessive encroachment of the partition layer 53 on the internal space of the conductive via 51, allowing the conductive pillar 52 to retain sufficient effective conductive cross-sectional area, which helps reduce contact resistance and ensures the stable electrical performance of the sacrificial anode protection structure and detection circuit. Simultaneously, the parylene layer within this thickness range maintains good adhesion and mechanical strength within the micropore size, preventing delamination or cracking caused by internal stress due to excessive film thickness, further improving the long-term reliability of the display panel 100 in harsh marine environments.

[0057] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the display panel 100 provided in the third embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the sacrificial layer 20 has a plurality of pits 21 on the side near the insulating layer 30. The depth of the pits 21 is 0.2~0.5μm and the radial dimension of the pits 21 is 1~5μm.

[0058] Specifically, pits 21 are formed on the surface of the sacrificial layer 20 facing the insulating layer 30, i.e., the interface region between the sacrificial layer 20 and the insulating layer 30. The pits 21 can be a regularly distributed array or a randomly distributed dotted structure. By setting the pits 21, the microstructure of the surface of the sacrificial layer 20 is changed, so that the side of the sacrificial layer 20 facing the insulating layer 30 is no longer a completely flat plane, but a microstructure with accommodating space. In specific embodiments, these pits 21 can be prepared on the surface of the sacrificial layer 20 by wet chemical etching, laser micromachining, or nanoimprinting. The geometry of the pits 21 can be cylindrical, conical, or spherical, and is not limited here. When the sacrificial layer 20 undergoes electrochemical corrosion in a salt spray environment, the resulting corrosion products (such as salts formed by zinc ions) will enter the interior of these pits 21. The depth and radial dimensions of the pits 21 are optimized to accommodate a certain volume of corrosion products, thereby preventing corrosion products from accumulating over a large area at the outlet of the microporous conductive post 32 or on the surface of the sacrificial layer 20.

[0059] The depth of the pit 21 can be 0.2μm, 0.3μm, 0.4μm, or 0.5μm, depending on the thickness of the sacrificial layer 20. The radial dimension of the pit 21 can be 1μm, 1.5μm, 2μm, 2.5μm, 3μm, 3.5μm, 4μm, 4.5μm, or 5μm, depending on the design density of the pit 21 and the degree of expansion of the corrosion products of the sacrificial layer 20.

[0060] In this embodiment, by providing pits 21 with specific depth and radial dimensions, the localized corrosion products generated during the corrosion process of the sacrificial layer 20 can be temporarily contained within the pits 21. This prevents corrosion products from accumulating near the microporous conductive pillars 32, causing blockage or increasing local impedance, thereby making the dissolution of the sacrificial anode more uniform and stable. The ratio of the depth to the radial dimension of the pits 21 helps to balance the relationship between the containment space and the structural strength, allowing the sacrificial layer 20 to maintain structural integrity while being slowly consumed. The placement of the pits 21 further improves the service life and protective effectiveness of the sacrificial layer 20 under long-term salt spray conditions, reducing the risk of protective failure due to corrosion product accumulation.

[0061] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the pit 21 is filled with an active material that can chemically react with the corrosion products of the sacrificial layer 20, and the density of the reaction products is less than the density of the corrosion products of the sacrificial layer 20.

[0062] It should be noted that the active material refers to a substance capable of chemically reacting with the ions or compounds generated during the corrosion of the sacrificial layer 20. Specifically, the active material can be strontium carbonate particles, calcium oxide powder, or other solid materials capable of displacement or precipitation reactions with zinc or copper ions. When the sacrificial layer 20 (such as zinc or zinc-magnesium alloy) undergoes anodic dissolution in a salt spray environment, the resulting corrosion products (such as zinc ions Zn)... 2+ The zinc ions can enter the pit 21 region; at this time, the active material (such as strontium carbonate SrCO3) filling the pit 21 reacts chemically with the zinc ions that have entered as corrosion products, for example, a displacement reaction occurs: SrCO3 + Zn 2+ →ZnCO3↓+Sr 2+ The reaction produces zinc carbonate precipitate and strontium ions. The zinc carbonate precipitate is dense and insoluble in water, and its molar volume is significantly smaller than that of the corrosion products of the sacrificial layer 20 (such as basic zinc chloride ZnCl2·4Zn(OH)2 or basic copper chloride CuCl2·2Cu(OH)2). Due to the high density and low volume expansion rate of the reaction products, the reaction process does not generate expansion stress in the pit 21, and the reaction releases inert Sr. 2+ It can be used with Cl - The formation of soluble strontium chloride (SrCl2) is easily carried away by water vapor, reducing the amount of Cl. - The accumulation of Cl- at the corrosion interface reduces the formation of expansive corrosion products promoted by Cl-, as well as reduces the decrease in electrolyte resistance and the acceleration of galvanic corrosion.

[0063] For example, taking the first conductive layer 40 as a copper conductive layer, Cl - The presence of [a substance] will change the phase of its corrosion products, in the absence of Cl [a substance]. - or low Cl -In a typical environment, copper corrosion produces Cu₂O or CuO, with a volume expansion rate of approximately 1.7 times. However, in environments with high Cl⁻ concentrations, the main product of copper corrosion is basic copper chloride, CuCl₂·2Cu(OH)₂, with a molar volume as high as approximately 180–220 cm⁻². 3 / mol, with a volume expansion rate of 3-4 times, this large expansion stress can easily lift or even tear the upper light-emitting layer 81, insulating layer 30, and other film layers, resulting in 100 dark spots, bright spots, or uneven brightness across the display panel. Meanwhile, Cl - These are highly conductive ions, and their accumulation at the corrosion interface significantly reduces the resistivity of the electrolyte. In the protective structure of the sacrificial layer 20, there is an array of microporous conductive pillars 32 between the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40. The galvanic corrosion current between them is already limited by the high impedance of the connecting via 31, but when Cl... - When the electrolyte accumulates inside the via 31 or at the outlet of the via 31, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte inside the via 31 increases significantly. This is equivalent to connecting a low-impedance ionic pathway in parallel with the current-limiting resistor of the via 31, resulting in increased corrosion current, faster consumption of the sacrificial layer 20, and shortened expected lifespan.

[0064] In this embodiment, by filling the pit 21 with an active material, the ions generated by the reaction with the corrosion products of the sacrificial layer 20 can react with Cl. - It forms soluble chloride salts, which are easily carried away by water vapor, reducing the amount of Cl. - Accumulation at the corrosion interface reduces Cl. - It promotes the formation of expansive corrosion products and reduces the decrease in electrolyte resistance and accelerates galvanic corrosion.

[0065] In this embodiment, by filling the pits 21 of the sacrificial layer 20 with active material, the ions generated by the corrosion of the sacrificial layer 20 can be captured by the active material near the connecting vias 31 and converted into stable products with low volume expansion rates. This eliminates the local mechanical stress caused by the accumulation of corrosion products and prevents cracking at the interface between the conductive layer and the upper film layer. The chemical reaction between the active material and the corrosion products further reduces the volume expansion rate of the reaction products, ensuring that the space at the corrosion interface remains unobstructed. This prevents the microporous conductive pillars 32 in the connecting vias 31 from being blocked by corrosion products, thus ensuring the stability of the electrical connection between the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40. The soluble byproducts generated by the reaction facilitate the migration and discharge of chloride ions with water vapor, reducing the degree of chloride ion enrichment at the corrosion interface. This slows down the conductivity enhancement effect of the electrolyte, making the consumption rate of the sacrificial layer 20 more slow and controllable, and further extending the service life of the display panel 100 in extreme salt spray environments.

[0066] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a display panel 100 provided in the fourth embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the display panel 100 is divided into a display area 101 and a non-display area 102, with the non-display area 102 surrounding the display area 101; Along the direction from the non-display area 102 to the display area 101, the display panel 100 also includes a first signal line 91, a second signal line 92 and a third signal line 93 arranged sequentially and insulated from each other; the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92 are made of the same material, and the standard electrode potential of the second signal line 92 is greater than the standard electrode potential of the third signal line 93. The display panel 100 also includes a detection module, which includes: The resistance detection circuit 103 has a first signal line 91 and a second signal line 92 electrically connected to it for detecting the resistance between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92. The current detection circuit 104 has a second signal line 92 and a third signal line 93 electrically connected to it for detecting the current between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93.

[0067] The display panel 100 has a display area 101 and a non-display area 102 surrounding the display area 101. In the non-display area 102, a first signal line 91, a second signal line 92, and a third signal line 93 are arranged sequentially along the direction from the non-display area 102 to the display area 101, and the signal lines are insulated from each other. Specifically, the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93 are arranged in a ring around the circumference of the non-display area 102. The first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92 are made of the same material and are electrically connected to a resistance detection circuit 103 to monitor the resistance change between them. The second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93 are made of different materials, and the standard electrode potential of the second signal line 92 is greater than that of the third signal line 93, so as to form an electrocouple current when salt spray invades the area; the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93 are electrically connected to a current detection circuit 104 to monitor the current change between them.

[0068] In a dry state, there is an air gap between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92, with extremely high resistance, typically greater than 10 MΩ, which can be considered an insulating state. When salt spray moisture penetrates, due to capillary action, the salt spray moisture forms an electrolyte-containing water film in the exposed areas of the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92, bridging the two signal lines and forming a conductive path, causing a sharp drop in resistance, from greater than 10 MΩ to less than 100 kΩ. At the same time, the salt spray moisture forms an electrolyte film between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93. Due to the potential difference between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93, a micro-battery is formed. The third signal line 93, with a lower standard electrode potential, acts as the anode and dissolves. Electrons flow from the third signal line 93 to the second signal line 92, generating a galvanic current. This current, supported by ionic conductivity, will surge to greater than 1 μA. Since the physical mechanisms of resistance and current detection are different, only a real salt spray intrusion will trigger both mechanisms at the same time. The resistance detection circuit 103 and the current detection circuit 104 collect the resistance value and the current value respectively. When the above-mentioned sudden changes in resistance and current are detected at the same time, the salt spray intrusion is confirmed by judging whether the resistance is lower than the threshold and whether the current is higher than the threshold.

[0069] Specifically, the aforementioned dual detection mechanism can effectively reduce false alarms. For example, when a metallic foreign object falls and short-circuits, the resistance between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92 will drop sharply. When the metallic foreign object touches the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93, the potential difference between the two will drive electrons to flow instantaneously. However, the metallic foreign object only provides an electron channel and there is no ionic conductor to support the continuous oxidation reaction. At the moment of contact, the interface double-layer capacitance between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93 charges and discharges rapidly, generating a current spike on the order of nanoseconds to microseconds, which then quickly decays to zero. The current detection sample only detects the zero current after the pulse. In this application, by using the above-mentioned detection mechanism, the resistance between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92 and the current between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93 are detected simultaneously, which can reduce the above-mentioned misjudgment and improve the accuracy of salt spray intrusion judgment. When the detection module detects sudden changes in resistance and current at the same time, protective measures can be taken in time, such as baking the display panel 100, adding sealing measures, and environmental isolation, so as to play an early warning role and further avoid damage to the display panel 100 by salt spray and moisture.

[0070] In this embodiment, by setting up a first signal line 91, a second signal line 92, and a third signal line 93 arranged sequentially with different material potentials, and connecting them to a resistance detection circuit 103 and a current detection circuit 104 respectively, the system can simultaneously acquire two independent physical signals: a sudden change in resistance and a surge in galvanic current. Only when salt spray and moisture simultaneously bridge the signal lines to form an ionic conductive path and induce electrochemical corrosion will the resistance and current change significantly, thus forming a dual-mechanism verification logic. This effectively eliminates false judgments caused by single factors such as short circuits due to metallic foreign objects or circuit moisture, improving the reliability of salt spray intrusion detection.

[0071] Please see Figures 9-11 , Figure 9 This is a partial planar structural schematic diagram of the detection line provided in the first embodiment of this application. Figure 10 yes Figure 9 The cross-sectional structure of the detection line in the AA direction provided in the embodiment is shown in the figure. Figure 11 This is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the detection line provided in the first embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the outer surfaces of the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93 are all covered with a protective layer 94; along the circumference of the display area 101, a plurality of detection windows 95 are spaced apart on the protective layer 94, so that the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93 are partially exposed.

[0072] Specifically, protective layer 94 covers the outer surface of the three signal lines to provide physical protection and isolate them, thus insulating them and reducing the occurrence of short circuits or corrosion between the signal lines or between the signal lines and surrounding structures. Protective layer 94 can cover the exposed outer surface of the signal lines, specifically the top and sides beyond the contact surface between the signal lines and the underlying film layer. Protective layer 94 is specifically an insulating material layer.

[0073] The detection windows 95 are openings or cutouts formed on the protective layer 94, distributed along the extension direction of the signal lines. That is, multiple detection windows 95 are distributed circumferentially along the display panel 100, so that the edges of the display panel 100 can be detected, reducing the occurrence of missed detections. The detection windows 95 cause the protective layer 94 to be interrupted at specific positions, thereby exposing parts of the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93 below. Furthermore, the detection windows 95 are spaced apart circumferentially, so that the signal lines are exposed in a discontinuous manner along the circumferential direction.

[0074] By covering the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93 with a protective layer 94, the signal lines receive good insulation and corrosion protection in non-detection areas. This reduces accidental conduction between signal lines due to environmental humidity or metallic foreign objects, ensuring that the detection circuit only "senses" sea fog intrusion at the preset detection window 95, thus improving the stability and safety of the detection system. By opening detection windows 95 at intervals on the protective layer 94 and partially exposing the signal lines, salt spray moisture can only contact the metal surface at the detection window 95 to form an electrolyte film, thereby triggering the physical effects of resistance decrease or galvanic current generation. This avoids the expansion of corrosion range and background noise interference caused by full-length exposure of the signal lines, making the detection signal more focused and clear. By setting multiple detection windows 95 at intervals along the circumference of the display area 101, multi-point monitoring can be performed at different locations along the circumference of the non-display area 102 of the display panel 100. This facilitates comprehensive coverage of possible salt fog intrusion paths, improving the spatial coverage of salt fog environmental perception and the timeliness of early warning.

[0075] In some embodiments, the linewidth H1 of the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93 is 10~50μm; along the extending direction of the protective layer 94, the length L1 of the detection window 95 is 100~200μm, and the spacing L2 between adjacent detection windows 95 is 1~15mm. The first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92 are made of copper, the third signal line 93 is made of aluminum, and the protective layer 94 is made of indium tin oxide.

[0076] The line widths of the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93 are set to 10~50μm to ensure good mechanical strength to maintain structural integrity. Simultaneously, the relatively thin line width facilitates high-density layout in the non-display area 102 (bezel area) of the narrow-bezel display panel 100, meeting the requirements of narrow-bezel design. The specific line width H1 of the signal lines can be 10μm, 15μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, 35μm, 40μm, 45μm, 50μm, etc., and can be set according to the bezel width of the display panel 100 and the wiring allowance.

[0077] Along the extension direction of the protective layer 94, i.e., the circumferential direction of the outer periphery of the display area 101 and the length direction of the signal line, the detection window 95 is a hollow area on the protective layer 94. The length L1 of the detection window 95 is 100~200μm. This length L1 is designed to ensure that the exposed area of ​​the signal line is moderate, which can form an effective electrolyte bridging channel when salt spray invades, while avoiding increased background noise or excessively rapid local corrosion due to excessive exposure area. In specific embodiments, the length L1 of the detection window 95 can be 100μm, 110μm, 120μm, 130μm, 140μm, 150μm, 160μm, 170μm, 180μm, 190μm, or 200μm, etc. Along the extension direction of the protective layer 94, a detection window 95 is opened every 1 to 15 mm. This ensures that, under normal dry conditions, the protective layer 94 or air gap between adjacent detection windows 95 can effectively maintain a high-impedance insulation state, preventing false triggering. Simultaneously, this spacing L2 allows for a sufficient number of detection points to be set within a limited frame length to monitor salt spray intrusion at different locations. In specific embodiments, the spacing L2 between adjacent detection windows 95 can be 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, or 15 mm, etc.

[0078] The first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92 are made of copper, and the third signal line 93 is made of aluminum. There is a standard electrode potential difference of approximately 0.5~0.8V between copper and aluminum. When they are connected by the electrolyte formed by the salt spray, they can spontaneously form a galvanic cell and generate a measurable galvanic current, thus providing an independent current monitoring mechanism. When salt spray moisture enters the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92, the salt spray forms a layer of NaCl-containing electrolyte water film on the surface of a portion of the signal lines within the detection window 95 of the first and second signal lines. Due to capillary action, this film bridges the two signal lines. The electrolyte water film is rich in NaCl. + and Cl - Ions form a conductive path, causing the resistance between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92 to drop sharply from greater than 10 MΩ to less than 100 kΩ. When salt spray and water vapor invade the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93, the electrolyte film bridges the metal layer surface of the detection windows 95 of the two detection signal lines. Cu and Al form a short-circuit couple in the electrolyte. Because Al has a more negative potential, anodic dissolution occurs: Al → Al 3+ +3e - Electrons flow from the third signal line 93 made of Al to the second signal line 92 made of Cu, forming a measurable galvanic current. This current is supported by ionic conductivity and will surge to greater than 1 μA.

[0079] The protective layer 94 is made of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or indium gallium zinc oxide, giving it good light transmittance and chemical stability. These materials readily form high-quality insulating films and exhibit good adhesion to metal layers such as copper and aluminum, effectively preventing salt spray and moisture from penetrating along the interface. Furthermore, their semiconductor properties help to modulate the interfacial electric field under specific conditions, enhancing detection sensitivity. The thickness of the protective layer 94 can be 20–70 μm.

[0080] In this embodiment, by limiting the linewidth H1 of the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93 to 10~50μm, the signal lines occupy less space in the non-display area 102, which is beneficial for achieving a narrow bezel design of the display panel 100. Simultaneously, it ensures the signal lines have sufficient mechanical strength to withstand stress during subsequent packaging and assembly, preventing signal line breakage and detection failure. By limiting the length L1 of the detection window 95 to 100~200μm, the exposed signal line surface area is within an optimal range, allowing for the formation of a stable low-resistance path or galvanic current loop during salt spray intrusion. This ensures the detection signal amplitude is sufficiently captured by the circuit and reduces the risk of unexpected bridging or excessively rapid local corrosion between adjacent windows due to excessive window length, improving detection accuracy and lifespan. By limiting the spacing L2 between adjacent detection windows 95 to 1~15mm, multiple detection nodes can be arranged within a limited bezel area while maintaining high insulation reliability. This enables multi-point coverage monitoring of the salt spray intrusion path, improving the sensitivity and location capability for detecting localized salt spray leaks. By using copper for the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92, and aluminum for the third signal line 93, the inherent standard electrode potential difference between copper and aluminum allows for the spontaneous generation of a galvanic current without an external power source when salt spray penetrates and forms an electrolyte film. This provides an independent current monitoring dimension for the system, complementing the copper-copper resistance monitoring and constructing a dual-mechanism verification logic that effectively eliminates misjudgments caused by changes in a single physical quantity. By using indium tin oxide (ITO) for the protective layer 94, its dense chemical structure and excellent adhesion allow it to tightly encapsulate the signal lines, effectively blocking the path of salt spray and moisture penetration downwards along the interface between the signal lines and the protective layer 94 or the hole walls. This prevents contact failure caused by electrochemical corrosion and product expansion at the bottom contact interface, and effectively extends the lifespan of the signal lines. Furthermore, the smooth surface of ITO helps reduce dust accumulation and maintains stable electrical performance at the detection window 95.

[0081] like Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, in some embodiments, the protective layer 94 includes a first protective layer 941, a second protective layer 942, and a third protective layer 943, which respectively cover the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93; the radial width H2 of the first protective layer 941, the second protective layer 942, and the third protective layer 943 is 20~60μm, and the spacing H3 between adjacent first protective layers 941, the second protective layer 942, and the third protective layer 943 is 50~100μm. Along the circumference of the display area 101, the first protective layer 941 has a plurality of first windows 951 spaced apart, the second protective layer 942 has a plurality of second windows 952 spaced apart, and the third protective layer 943 has a plurality of third windows 953 spaced apart; wherein, the first windows 951 and the second windows 952 are at least partially opposite each other, and the second windows 952 and the third windows 953 are at least partially opposite each other.

[0082] The first protective layer 941, the second protective layer 942, and the third protective layer 943 are each independently wrapped around the corresponding signal line metal layer surface to provide insulation and mechanical protection. The radial width H2 of the protective layer 94 refers to the coverage width of the protective layer 94 in the signal line width direction, and this width H2 is set to 20~60μm. A certain physical spacing H3 is maintained between the three adjacent protective layers 94, which is 50~100μm, so that the distance between the signal lines in the detection window 95 on the adjacent signal lines can meet the detection requirements. Along the circumference of the display area 101, each protective layer 94 has multiple windows spaced apart, namely the first window 951, the second window 952, and the third window 953. These windows are cutout areas on the protective layer 94, exposing the underlying signal line metal layer. The first window 951 and the second window 952 are at least partially opposite, meaning that in a cross-section perpendicular to the direction of signal line extension, there is an overlapping area between the first window 951 on the first protective layer 941 and the second window 952 on the second protective layer 942, allowing salt spray moisture to simultaneously or sequentially contact the exposed metal surfaces of the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92. Similarly, the second window 952 and the third window 953 are at least partially opposite, allowing salt spray moisture to simultaneously or sequentially contact the exposed metal surfaces of the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93.

[0083] For example, the first window 951, the second window 952, and the third window 953 are horizontally aligned in the circumferential direction to simplify the structure and ensure consistency of the detection area. For instance, the length L1 of the first window 951, the second window 952, and the third window 953 is 100~200μm. In a specific application, when salt spray intrudes, water vapor bridges the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92 in the area opposite to the first window 951 and the second window 952, forming a resistance change; in the area opposite to the second window 952 and the third window 953, it bridges the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93, forming a galvanic current, thereby achieving dual-mechanism verification.

[0084] In this embodiment, the protective layer 94 is subdivided into a first protective layer 941, a second protective layer 942, and a third protective layer 943 respectively covering the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93. The radial width H2 of each protective layer 94 is limited to 20-60 μm, ensuring that each protective layer 94 accurately covers the edge of the signal line. This guarantees sufficient insulation strength while avoiding excessive coverage that would reduce the effective area of ​​the detection window 95, thus improving the response sensitivity during salt spray intrusion. By setting the spacing H3 between adjacent protective layers 94 to 50-100 μm, a safe physical distance is maintained between the signal lines, effectively preventing direct short circuits between signal lines due to misalignment or deformation of the protective film layer. This ensures the electrical isolation reliability of the detection circuit and also meets the sensing distance requirements for salt spray intrusion between adjacent detection windows 95 on two signal lines, satisfying the required detection sensitivity. By creating at least partially opposing first windows 951 and second windows 952 on the first protective layer 941 and the second protective layer 942, and at least partially opposing second windows 952 and third windows 953 on the second protective layer 942 and the third protective layer 943, salt spray vapor can simultaneously contact the metal surfaces of adjacent signal lines in a specific overlapping area, forming a continuous ion-conducting pathway. This precisely triggers a sudden drop in resistance or a surge in galvanic current, avoiding detection failures or weak signals caused by window misalignment. This relative window design allows the detection mechanism to generate unique physical responses for different metal combinations (such as copper-copper and copper-aluminum), providing a structural basis for dual-mechanism verification and improving the accuracy and anti-interference capability of salt spray warnings.

[0085] Please see Figure 12 , Figure 12This is a partial planar structural diagram of the detection line provided in the second embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the sides of a portion of the first signal line 91 in the first window 951 and a portion of the second signal line 92 in the second window 952 that are close to each other are serrated, and the sides of a portion of the second signal line 92 in the second window 952 and a portion of the third signal line 93 in the third window 953 that are close to each other are serrated, with the apex angle of the serrations being 60°~90°; the first window 951 and the second window 952 are partially opposite and partially staggered; the second window 952 and the third window 953 are partially opposite and partially staggered.

[0086] The first window 951, the second window 952, and the third window 953 are cutout areas on the corresponding signal line protective layer 94 to expose the underlying metal signal lines for salt spray detection. The side facing each other refers to the area where the edges of the first signal line 91 in the first window 951 and the second signal line 92 in the second window 952 spatially face each other. This side is serrated, meaning that the edges of some metal signal lines in the detection window 95 are not straight but exhibit a periodic concave-convex structure. The apex angle of the serration refers to the included angle at the tip of the serration, which is limited to a range of 60° to 90°.

[0087] Specifically, the peaks and troughs of the sawtooth pattern are distributed linearly or arc-shaped. The depth and spacing of the sawtooth pattern can be set according to the requirements of line width and detection sensitivity. The first window 951 and the second window 952 are partially opposite and partially staggered, meaning that on the projection plane perpendicular to the direction of the signal line extension, the areas covered by the first window 951 and the second window 952 overlap, but also have non-overlapping portions; that is, they are staggered in position, not completely coincident. Similarly, the second window 952 and the third window 953 are also partially opposite and partially staggered. This staggered arrangement causes the sawtooth edges of adjacent signal lines to form an interlaced distribution in space. Specifically, the staggered amount can be one-third to one-half of the window length. When salt spray or moisture intrudes, the interlaced arrangement of the sawtooth edges increases the shortest bridging distance between some signal lines in the closely spaced first window 951 and second window 952, thereby reducing false alarms caused by slight moisture, brief condensation, or short circuits caused by metallic foreign objects.

[0088] When salt spray forms a continuous water film, the water film bridges the serrated edges. Due to the electric field concentration effect at the serrated tips, ion migration speed is accelerated, making it easier to trigger the response of the detection circuit. The specific mechanism is as follows: at the serrated tips, the charge density is highest and the electric field strength is greatest. When the water film bridges two windows, the tips become preferential sites for ion exchange and electron transfer; ions in the electrolyte (Na+)... + Cl -Under the influence of a strong electric field, ions migrate rapidly along the "tip-valley" path of the serrated edge, forming a localized high current density region. This tip effect means that when the water film is conductive, the ion migration speed is faster than that of a straight edge, the rise rate of the detection current is higher, and the signal is more easily captured by the circuit.

[0089] In this embodiment, by setting the sides of the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92 that are close to each other, and the sides of the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93 that are close to each other, a sawtooth shape is formed. This increases the minimum physical bridging distance between adjacent detection windows 95, which is beneficial for improving insulation performance in a dry state and preventing false alarms caused by slight moisture or brief condensation. The apex angle of the sawtooth is set to 60°~90°, so that the sawtooth tip has an appropriate radius of curvature. This satisfies the tip effect to enhance ion migration efficiency during salt spray intrusion, while also reducing excessively sharp edges that could lead to reduced mechanical strength or manufacturing difficulties. Through the design of the first window 951 and the second window 952 being partially opposite and partially staggered, and the second window 952 and the third window 953 being partially opposite and partially staggered, the sawtooth edges of adjacent signal lines form an interlaced layout in space, further increasing the effective distance required for salt spray and water vapor to bridge adjacent signal lines, thus improving the reliability of detection. When salt spray penetrates and forms a conductive water film, the tip effect of the serrated edge causes charge to accumulate at the tip of the tooth, increasing the electric field strength. This accelerates the migration of ions and the transfer of electrons in the electrolyte, resulting in a higher rate of rise of the detection current and making the signal easier for the circuit to capture. This is beneficial for improving the sensitivity and response speed of salt spray early warning.

[0090] Please see Figures 13-15 , Figure 13 This is a partial planar structural schematic diagram of the detection line provided in the third embodiment of this application. Figure 14 yes Figure 13 The embodiment provides a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the detection line in the BB direction. Figure 15 yes Figure 13 The embodiment provides a schematic cross-sectional view of the detection line in the CC direction. In this embodiment, the protective layer 94 completely covers the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93. The first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92, as well as the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93, are separated by the protective layer 94. A sacrificial portion 954 is provided in the detection window 95, such that a portion of the first signal line 91, a portion of the second signal line 92, and a portion of the third signal line 93 in the detection window 95 are isolated from each other by the sacrificial portion 954; and the corrosion resistance of the material of the sacrificial portion 954 is lower than that of the material of the protective layer 94.

[0091] The protective layer 94 completely covers the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93. That is, in the area outside the detection window 95, these three signal lines are completely covered by the continuous protective layer 94, thereby physically achieving electrical isolation between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92, and between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93, preventing short circuits in non-detection areas.

[0092] The detection window 95 is a cutout area on the protective layer 94, where the protective layer 94 is missing, exposing the underlying metal lines. To maintain isolation between signal lines at the detection window 95, a sacrificial portion 954 is provided inside the detection window 95, located between adjacent signal lines. The material of the sacrificial portion 954 has specific electrical and chemical properties, and its corrosion resistance is lower than that of the material of the protective layer 94. Specifically, the thickness of the sacrificial portion 954 can be equal to or slightly thinner than the thickness of the protective layer 94 to form a stepped or flush isolation structure. The sacrificial portion 954 can be formed at the detection window 95 through photolithography, etching, or deposition processes, filling the gaps between adjacent signal lines.

[0093] Please see Figure 16 , Figure 16 yes Figure 13 The embodiment provides a schematic diagram of the detection line's state structure when exposed to salt spray and moisture. In specific applications, the sacrificial part 954 will be corroded away after encountering salt spray erosion, thereby exposing the metal surface of adjacent signal lines. This causes the salt spray electrolyte film to bridge the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92, as well as the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93. This results in a sudden drop in resistance between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92, and a sudden increase in current between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93.

[0094] In this embodiment, by having the protective layer 94 completely cover the first signal line 91, the second signal line 92, and the third signal line 93, the arrangement of the detection lines is more compact, further facilitating the narrow bezel design of the display panel 100. By providing a sacrificial portion 954 in the detection window 95, adjacent signal lines are kept isolated through the sacrificial portion 954 in a dry state, avoiding accidental short circuits caused by manufacturing errors or tiny metal debris, and improving the initial insulation reliability of the detection window 95.

[0095] The sacrificial part 954 has lower corrosion resistance than the protective layer 94, causing it to corrode before the protective layer 94 in a salt spray environment. This controls the sensitivity and timing of the detection trigger, ensuring that the sacrificial part 954 is corroded only when the salt spray concentration reaches a certain threshold, allowing adjacent signal lines to connect through the formed electrolyte film. This achieves a passive triggering mechanism based on the difference in material corrosion resistance. By isolating adjacent signal lines with the sacrificial part 954, resistance and current detection can be performed on different signal line pairs within the same detection window 95. For example, the sacrificial part 954 can isolate copper-copper signal lines to detect resistance changes, and simultaneously isolate copper-aluminum signal lines to detect thermocouple currents. This integrates multiple detection mechanisms within a limited space, improving the complexity and accuracy of the monitoring logic. The presence of the sacrificial part 954 also makes the detection window 95 more compact, facilitating the narrow bezel design of the display panel 100. By replacing part of the protective layer 94's function at the window, the sacrificial part 954 optimizes space utilization.

[0096] In some embodiments, the material of the sacrificial part 954 is titanium dioxide or molybdenum trioxide.

[0097] Specifically, titanium dioxide (TiO2) or molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) exhibits high insulation or high resistivity in dry environments, effectively blocking leakage current between adjacent signal lines. Furthermore, by using TiO2 or MoO3 as the material for the sacrificial portion 954, slow electrochemical corrosion or ion exchange reactions occur upon contact with a marine salt spray electrolyte containing NaCl, leading to a gradual loss of its structural integrity, a decrease in resistivity, or dissolution, thereby exposing the underlying metallic conductor.

[0098] Specifically, the width of the sacrificial portion 954 can be smaller than the spacing between the metal layers of adjacent signal lines, or the edge of the sacrificial portion 954 can maintain a small safety distance from the metal layer of the signal lines to ensure that, after the sacrificial portion 954 is completely corroded, adjacent signal lines can still achieve electrical connection through the electrolyte film formed by the salt spray. Because the corrosion resistance of titanium dioxide or molybdenum trioxide is lower than that of the material of the upper protective layer 94, the sacrificial portion 954 is preferentially damaged before the protective layer 94 during salt spray erosion, thereby precisely controlling the triggering timing of the detection window 95.

[0099] In this embodiment, by using TiO2 or MoO3 as the material for the sacrificial part 954, the sacrificial part 954 exhibits excellent electrical insulation properties in a dry environment, effectively preventing micro-short circuits between adjacent signal lines in the initial state and improving the initial stability of the detection circuit. The specific corrosion characteristics of TiO2 or MoO3 in a salt spray environment allow the sacrificial part 954 to be selectively corroded by electrolytes such as chloride ions in the salt spray, thus reliably disconnecting and isolating after a preset time or salt spray concentration threshold, exposing part of the signal lines in the detection window 95, achieving controllable and predictable detection triggering. The moderate chemical stability of TiO2 or MoO3 ensures long-term reliability during normal storage and transportation, while also enabling timely response in extreme marine salt spray environments, reducing detection failures due to excessive inertness or false alarms due to excessive reactivity. By precisely selecting TiO2 or MoO3, the corrosion products of the sacrificial part 954 are easily carried away by the electrolyte or form low-impedance ion channels, which helps reduce the contact resistance between signal lines, ensuring accurate capture of resistance and current detection signals, and improving the sensitivity and reliability of salt spray intrusion monitoring.

[0100] Please see Figure 17 , Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of a resistance detection circuit provided in one embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the resistance detection circuit 103 includes a pull-up resistor R1, a resistor to be detected Rx, a first operational amplifier OP1, and a voltage source V1; the pull-up resistor R1 and the resistor to be detected Rx are connected in series between the voltage source V1 and the ground terminal GND; the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier OP1 is electrically connected to the connection node between the pull-up resistor R1 and the resistor to be detected Rx, and the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier OP1 is electrically connected to the output terminal; the resistance value of the resistor to be detected Rx is obtained based on the voltage value of the output terminal, and the resistor to be detected is the resistance between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92.

[0101] The resistance detection circuit 103 is used to measure the resistance between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92. This circuit consists of a pull-up resistor R1, a resistor Rx to be detected, a first operational amplifier OP1, and a voltage source V1. One end of the pull-up resistor R1 is connected to the voltage source V1, and the other end is connected to one end of the resistor Rx to be detected. The other end of the resistor Rx to be detected is connected to ground GND, thus forming a series voltage divider circuit. The first operational amplifier OP1 is configured as a voltage follower; its non-inverting input is electrically connected to the common node D between the pull-up resistor R1 and the resistor Rx to be detected, and its inverting input is directly connected to its output.

[0102] According to Ohm's law and the series voltage divider formula, we can obtain: (3); The resistance Rx to be detected can be calculated according to equation (3): (4).

[0103] The resistance to be detected, Rx, can be calculated by substituting the output voltage Vout1 of the resistance detection circuit 103 into the above formula (4). The resistance to be detected, Rx, is the resistance between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92. The resistance value between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92 can be calculated by substituting the output voltage of the resistance detection circuit 103 into formula (4).

[0104] The non-inverting input impedance of the first operational amplifier OP1 is extremely high, greater than 10. 13 Ω has almost zero load effect on the detection node. Even if there is leakage in the PCB traces or the driving ADC pin, these leakage paths are located after the output of the first operational amplifier OP1 and have no effect on the input node (i.e. the detection point) of the first operational amplifier OP1.

[0105] In this embodiment, by setting a voltage divider structure with the pull-up resistor R1 connected in series with the resistor to be detected Rx, and measuring the voltage at the intermediate node, the circuit can linearly convert the resistance change into a voltage signal, facilitating subsequent circuit processing. A voltage follower is constructed using the first operational amplifier OP1, accurately buffering the high-impedance detection node voltage and avoiding voltage drops caused by connecting cables or ADC input impedance, thus improving the accuracy of resistance detection. By inferring the resistance to be detected based on the output voltage value, the system can quantify the conductivity between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92, thereby accurately determining the severity of salt spray intrusion and providing data support for subsequent early warning or protection strategies.

[0106] Please see Figure 18 , Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of a current detection circuit provided in one embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the current detection circuit 104 includes a second operational amplifier OP2, a feedback resistor R2, a feedback capacitor C1, and a current source Iin to be detected; the feedback resistor R2 and the feedback capacitor C1 are connected in parallel between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier OP2; the current source Iin to be detected is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier OP2; the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier OP2 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND; the current of the current source Iin to be detected is obtained based on the voltage value of the output terminal, and the current of the current source Iin to be detected is the current between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93.

[0107] The current detection circuit 104 is used to detect the current value between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93. This circuit includes a second operational amplifier OP2, a feedback resistor R2, a feedback capacitor C1, and a current source Iin to be detected, which serves as the signal source. The feedback capacitor C1 and the feedback resistor R2 are connected in parallel to form a low-pass filter, which can be used to suppress high-frequency oscillations, compensate for phase lag caused by the operational amplifier and parasitic capacitance, and ensure the stability of the circuit under dynamic environments.

[0108] Specifically, the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier OP2 is directly connected to ground GND, fixing its potential to 0V. Utilizing the virtual short characteristic of the operational amplifier, the potential of the inverting input is also forcibly pulled close to 0V, i.e., a virtual ground state. The current source Iin to be detected represents the electrochemical corrosion current formed by salt spray erosion between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93. One end of this current source is connected to the inverting input of the second operational amplifier OP2. Due to the extremely high input impedance of the operational amplifier (virtual short characteristic), the current Iin to be detected between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93 cannot flow into the input of the second operational amplifier OP2; it can only flow entirely through the feedback branch connected between the inverting input and the output, generating the output voltage: (5); The current to be detected, Iin, can be calculated according to equation (5): (6).

[0109] The current to be detected, Iin, is the current value between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93, can be calculated by substituting the output voltage Vout2 of the current detection circuit 104 into the above formula (6).

[0110] In this embodiment, by connecting the feedback resistor R2 and the feedback capacitor C1 in parallel between the inverting input and output of the second operational amplifier OP2, and utilizing the virtual ground characteristic of the operational amplifier, the corrosion current between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93 can flow entirely through the feedback branch and be converted into a voltage signal, achieving high-precision conversion from weak current to measurable voltage. The introduction of the feedback capacitor C1 forms a low-pass filter network, effectively suppressing high-frequency oscillations and circuit noise, compensating for phase lag, and ensuring that the current detection circuit 104 maintains signal stability under complex electromagnetic environments and dynamic salt spray changes, thus improving the reliability of the detection results. By grounding the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier OP2, a stable reference potential is established, resulting in a strict linear relationship between the output voltage and the input current. This simplifies subsequent data processing logic, allowing the current of the current source Iin to be detected to be deduced based on the output voltage value, accurately obtaining the magnitude of the galvanic corrosion current between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93.

[0111] Please see Figure 19 , Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a display panel provided in the fifth embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the display panel 100 further includes a control module 105, which is electrically connected to a resistance detection circuit 103 and a current detection circuit 104, respectively. The control module 105 is used to acquire the first output voltage of the resistance detection circuit 103 and the second output voltage of the current detection circuit 104, calculate the detection resistance value between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92 based on the first output voltage, calculate the detection current value between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93 based on the second output voltage, and generate a warning signal in response to the change in the detection resistance value being greater than a first threshold and the change in the detection current value being greater than a second threshold.

[0112] The control module 105 periodically acquires the first output voltage Vout1 of the resistance detection circuit 103 and the second output voltage Vout2 of the current detection circuit 104 at a preset frequency. After processing the acquired voltages, it determines whether salt mist intrusion exists at the edge of the display panel 100. If salt mist intrusion exists, it generates a warning signal and sends the warning signal to the corresponding unit module to provide a warning signal to the user. Specifically, the control module 105 calculates the detection resistance value between the first signal line 91 and the second signal line 92 based on the first output voltage Vout1 and the calculation logic in the above embodiment, and calculates the detection current value Iin between the second signal line 92 and the third signal line 93 based on the second output voltage Vout2. Then, it compares whether the change in the detection resistance value Rx is greater than a first threshold and whether the change in the detection current value Iin is greater than a second threshold. When both changes are greater than their respective thresholds, it means that the edge of the display panel 100 has been intruded by salt mist. The control module 105 then generates a warning signal in response to the change in the detection resistance value Rx being greater than the first threshold and the change in the detection current value Iin being greater than the second threshold, and sends the warning signal to the corresponding unit module. The first and second thresholds can be set according to the actual situation.

[0113] In this embodiment, a control module 105 is configured to perform logical calculations on the first output voltage Vout1 of the resistance detection circuit 103 and the second output voltage Vout2 of the current detection circuit 104 to obtain the detection resistance value Rx and the detection current value Iin. The change in the detection resistance value Rx and the change in the detection current value Iin are compared with their respective thresholds. If both are greater than the threshold, a warning signal is issued to promptly remind the user that the edge of the display panel 100 has been invaded by salt spray, so that corresponding measures can be taken in time, such as baking the display panel 100, adding sealing measures, and environmental isolation, to further reduce the damage of salt spray and moisture to the display panel 100.

[0114] Please see Figure 20 , Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device provided in an embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, a display device is provided, the display device comprising: The display panel 100 is the display panel 100 provided in the above embodiment; The control circuit board 200 is electrically connected to the display panel 100 and is used to provide drive signals to the display panel 100 so that the display panel 100 displays the corresponding image.

[0115] The specific structure and function of the display panel 100 are the same as or similar to those of the display panel 100 provided in the above embodiments, and can achieve the same technical effect. For details, please refer to the detailed description above. The display panel 100 adds a sacrificial layer 20 and an insulating layer 30 between the driving substrate 10 and the first conductive layer 40, and sets an array of connection vias 31 on the insulating layer 30, so that the sacrificial layer 20 is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 40 through the array of connection vias 31. By utilizing the standard electrode potential difference between the film layers of different materials, the sacrificial layer 20 with a lower standard electrode potential preferentially undergoes anodic dissolution in the salt spray environment, thereby achieving electrochemical protection of the first conductive layer 40 and fundamentally suppressing the contact interface cracking problem caused by the volume expansion of the conductive layer due to salt spray corrosion. The array of micro-hole conductive pillars 32 connected to the vias 31 on the insulating layer 30 serves as the only electrical connection channel between the sacrificial layer 20 and the first conductive layer 40. The small total cross-sectional area of ​​these pillars forms a precision current-limiting resistor, which strictly limits the corrosion current density to the nanoampere level. This allows the sacrificial layer 20 to be consumed slowly and controllably, extending the service life of the protective structure and improving the long-term reliability of the display panel 100 in extreme marine environments.

[0116] The control circuit board 200 is electrically connected to the display panel 100, specifically for providing drive signals to the display panel 100. These drive signals may include scan signals, data signals, power signals, etc., to control the display panel 100 to display corresponding images. Furthermore, the detection module and control module 105 of the display panel 100 can be integrated onto the control circuit board 200, thereby facilitating a narrow bezel and thinner design for the display panel 100.

[0117] The above are merely embodiments of this application and do not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made using the content of this application’s specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A display panel, comprising: Drive substrate; First conductive layer; A planarization layer is disposed on the side of the first conductive layer away from the driving substrate, and is provided with conductive vias; A first electrode layer is disposed on the side of the planar layer away from the driving substrate, and includes a plurality of anode electrodes; A pixel isolation structure is disposed on the side of the first electrode layer away from the driving substrate and surrounds each of the anode electrodes to form a plurality of pixel openings; The pixel isolation structure includes a conductive connection portion, which is electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the conductive via. A sub-pixel, disposed within the pixel opening, includes the stacked anode electrode, light-emitting layer, and cathode electrode; the cathode electrode extends to the conductive connection portion and is electrically connected to the conductive connection portion; The display panel is characterized in that it further includes: A sacrificial layer is disposed between the driving substrate and the first conductive layer; the sacrificial layer and the first conductive layer are metal layers, and the standard electrode potential of the sacrificial layer is lower than the standard electrode potential of the first conductive layer. An insulating layer is disposed between the sacrificial layer and the first conductive layer, and a connection via is provided, through which the sacrificial layer is electrically connected to the first conductive layer.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating layer has a plurality of arrayed connection vias; the diameter of the connection vias is 0.5~3μm; the spacing between adjacent connection vias is 15~30μm; The first conductive layer is made of copper or aluminum, and the sacrificial layer is made of zinc or a zinc-magnesium alloy.

3. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive via has a partition layer on its wall and a conductive post inside it. The partition layer covers the conductive post. The thickness of the partition layer is 1~5μm along the radial direction of the conductive via. The material of the partition layer is parylene.

4. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sacrificial layer has multiple pits on the side near the insulating layer, the pits having a depth of 0.2~0.5μm and a radial dimension of 1~5μm.

5. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display panel is divided into a display area and a non-display area, with the non-display area surrounding the display area; Along the direction from the non-display area to the display area, the display panel further includes a first signal line, a second signal line, and a third signal line arranged sequentially and insulated from each other; the first signal line and the second signal line are made of the same material, and the standard electrode potential of the second signal line is greater than the standard electrode potential of the third signal line; The outer surfaces of the first signal line, the second signal line, and the third signal line are all covered with a protective layer; multiple detection windows are spaced apart on the protective layer along the circumference of the display area, so that the first signal line, the second signal line, and the third signal line are partially exposed; The display panel further includes a detection module, which includes: A resistance detection circuit, wherein the first signal line and the second signal line are electrically connected to the resistance detection circuit, and are used to detect the resistance between the first signal line and the second signal line; A current detection circuit is provided, wherein the second signal line and the third signal line are electrically connected to the current detection circuit, and the circuit is used to detect the current between the second signal line and the third signal line.

6. The display panel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The line widths of the first signal line, the second signal line, and the third signal line are 10~50μm; the length of the detection window along the extension direction of the protective layer is 100~200μm, and the spacing between adjacent detection windows is 1~15mm; the materials of the first signal line and the second signal line are copper, the material of the third signal line is aluminum, and the material of the protective layer is indium tin oxide; The protective layer includes a first protective layer, a second protective layer, and a third protective layer, which respectively cover the first signal line, the second signal line, and the third signal line; the radial width of the first protective layer, the second protective layer, and the third protective layer is 20~60μm, and the spacing between adjacent first protective layer, second protective layer, and third protective layer is 50~100μm; Along the circumference of the display area, the first protective layer has a plurality of first windows spaced apart, the second protective layer has a plurality of second windows spaced apart, and the third protective layer has a plurality of third windows spaced apart; wherein, the first windows and the second windows are at least partially opposite to each other, and the second windows and the third windows are at least partially opposite to each other.

7. The display panel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first signal line in the first window and the second signal line in the second window are serrated on the side that are close to each other, and the second signal line in the second window and the third signal line in the third window are serrated on the side that are close to each other, with the apex angle of the serrations being 60°~90°. The first window is partially opposite to the second window, and partially offset from it; the second window is partially opposite to the third window, and partially offset from it.

8. The display panel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The protective layer completely covers the first signal line, the second signal line, and the third signal line, and the first signal line and the second signal line, as well as the second signal line and the third signal line, are separated by the protective layer. The detection window is provided with a sacrificial part, such that a portion of the first signal line, a portion of the second signal line, and a portion of the third signal line in the detection window are isolated from each other by the sacrificial part; and the corrosion resistance of the material of the sacrificial part is lower than that of the material of the protective layer.

9. The display panel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The resistance detection circuit includes a pull-up resistor, a resistor to be detected, a first operational amplifier, and a voltage source; The pull-up resistor and the resistor to be detected are connected in series between the voltage source and the ground terminal; the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is electrically connected to the connection node between the pull-up resistor and the resistor to be detected, and the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier are electrically connected. The resistance value of the resistor to be detected is obtained based on the voltage value at the output terminal, wherein the resistor to be detected is the resistance between the first signal line and the second signal line; The current detection circuit includes a second operational amplifier, a feedback resistor, a feedback capacitor, and a current source to be detected; The feedback resistor and the feedback capacitor are connected in parallel between the inverting input and the output of the second operational amplifier; the current source to be detected is electrically connected to the inverting input of the second operational amplifier; the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier is electrically connected to the ground terminal. The current of the current source to be detected is obtained based on the voltage value at the output terminal, and the current of the current source to be detected is the current between the second signal line and the third signal line.

10. A display device, characterized in that, include: The display panel is the display panel as described in any one of claims 1-9; A control circuit board, electrically connected to the display panel, is used to provide drive signals to the display panel, causing the display panel to display corresponding images.

Images