Method for examining at least one visual impression of a test subject, vision testing system, lens carrier, computer program product and computer readable storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for examining at least one visual impression of a test subject by means of a vision testing system, wherein the vision testing system comprises a lens carrier accommodation seat for receiving a lens carrier and which is mounted in sequence from distal to proximal on a central vision axis 21 of a beam path between a corneal optical unit 40 and an eye optical unit 45, the method comprising at least the following steps: (a.) positioning a first lens carrier with a first intraocular lens in the lens carrier accommodation seat of the vision testing system; (b.) displacing the corneal optical unit 40 and the lens carrier accommodation seat with the intraocular lens along the central vision axis 21, wherein the eye optical unit 45 is held at a fixed distance from at least one eye of the test subject; (c.) acquiring at least one piece of information indicative of the visual impression; (d.) assigning the at least one piece of information indicative to the first intraocular lens. The invention also relates to a vision testing system and to a lens carrier.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for examining at least one visual impression of a subject according to claim 1, a visual acuity testing system according to claim 12, a lens carrier according to claim 13, a computer program product according to claim 14, and a computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15. Background Technology

[0002] Implanting intraocular lenses into the patient's eye—whether the eye has lenses, does not have lenses, or has intraocular lenses—is an extremely important procedure. The intraocular lens must be adapted to the patient's individual needs as closely as possible, as any later replacement carries unnecessary surgical risks. Therefore, to avoid in-body replacement in any situation, it is necessary and desirable to thoroughly examine the patient's visual acuity and / or optical characteristics provided by the intraocular lens to be implanted before implantation.

[0003] Traditionally, computer simulations or optical testing devices have been used for this purpose, into which the intraocular lens to be implanted is inserted. However, images generated by computer simulations based on an eye with average anatomy shown to the subject always only give very general characteristics of the intraocular lens. Therefore, simulations cannot reliably predict the subjective visual impression of the subject choosing to implant an intraocular lens. Furthermore, it is particularly difficult to reliably simulate different visual conditions, such as various lighting conditions and viewing distances, such as farsightedness when viewing scenery and nearsightedness when reading.

[0004] Optical testing devices are better suited for examining subjective visual impressions under different conditions.

[0005] In the prior art, two types of multifocal intraocular lenses are known: refractive and diffractive. Refractive multifocal intraocular lenses have a lens surface composed of different surface regions with varying radii of curvature; diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses have a diffractive structure; and each of these types forms multiple focal points at various locations along the optical visual axis (one for hyperopia, one for myopia, and occasionally one for intermediate vision). This lens structure allows the wearer to maintain sufficient vision at the hyperopic, myopic, or intermediate focal points, enabling the wearer to perform daily activities without glasses. Multifocal intraocular lenses have different refractive powers: a principal refractive power and at least one additional refractive power, which is the principal refractive power plus a differential refractive power.

[0006] US 8,042,945 B2 is known from the prior art. It provides a simulator for multifocal intraocular lenses that allows for the actual perception and experience of the effects of multifocal intraocular lens implantation, the differences between diffractive and refractive multifocal intraocular lenses, and the disadvantages of multifocal intraocular lenses, without the need for implantation (i.e., before implantation) to perceive / experience these effects. The invention also provides a method for simulating multifocal intraocular lenses to achieve the aforementioned effects. To allow for refractive error compensation or diopter adjustment, the simulator allows for eyepiece displacement. The lenses used in the simulator allow for the replication of intraocular lenses.

[0007] The drawback is that the adjustment of different refractive powers can only be achieved by adjusting the eyepiece. Thus, compared with intraocular lens eyes (where refractive errors are compensated by the implanted IOL), correct optical imaging cannot be guaranteed in myopic and hyperopic eyes.

[0008] US 5532770 A is known from the prior art. This disclosure includes an apparatus and method for assessing visual acuity through an intraocular lens. An image passes through the cornea, an intraocular lens, and a fovea of ​​the retina, which are arranged in a collinear configuration. Furthermore, the apparatus may include a human eye model, a fovea projector, and a readable target. The apparatus can be used to assess a person's visual acuity through an intraocular lens (e.g., a monofocal or bifocal intraocular lens). The subject's ability to focus on one or more images in the fovea of ​​the retina provides information for assessing the subject's ability to see through the intraocular lens. By moving the fovea of ​​the retina or the intraocular lens, the size or geometric constants of the subject's eye can be determined. The intraocular lens is contained in a liquid container and an image (intermediate image) of a moving target in the patient's visual field can be viewed through a visual optics unit. Here, the fovea of ​​the retina is movable relative to a fixed corneal intraocular lens assembly. The intraocular lens can be displaced and tilted in the x, y, and z directions by a control unit to simulate different eye geometries and / or the position of the intraocular lens within the eye.

[0009] The drawback of this known solution is that, for different intraocular lenses with different additional and / or refractive power deviations, the system must be readjusted and / or recalibrated by positioning the target or adjusting the position of the fovea. Furthermore, the arrangement of the intraocular lens carriers within the liquid container does not allow for simple and rapid switching between different intraocular lenses in the beam path. Because adjusting the device to each intraocular lens inserted into the device takes time and is therefore prone to error, this known solution is impractical in daily practice. Moreover, the method and apparatus only describe preoperative visual visualization using intraocular lenses. Summary of the Invention

[0010] One object of the present invention is to overcome at least one drawback of the prior art. The present invention aims to develop an improved method for examining at least one visual impression of a subject using a real intraocular lens with a visual acuity testing system, which allows for quality improvement selection of a real intraocular lens suitable for a particular subject. Furthermore, an improved visual acuity testing system will be developed that allows for improved selection of a real intraocular lens suitable for a particular subject and / or allows for verification of such selection. Additionally, the present invention aims to manufacture a lens carrier with an intraocular lens that can be unambiguously attached to an intraocular lens selected by a particular subject.

[0011] This objective is achieved through the features of the independent claim. Advantageous further developments are set forth in the drawings and dependent claims.

[0012] According to the present invention, a method for examining at least one visual impression of a subject by means of a visual acuity testing system, wherein the visual acuity testing system includes a lens carrier receiver for receiving at least one lens carrier, and is sequentially mounted between a corneal optical unit and an ocular optical unit on the central visual axis of the beam path from distal (closer to the observation environment) to proximal (closer to the subject's eye), the method comprising at least the following steps:

[0013] a. Position the first lens carrier with the first intraocular lens in the lens carrier holder of the vision testing system;

[0014] b. Displace the corneal optical unit with the intraocular lens and the lens carrier receiver along the central visual axis, wherein the intraocular optical unit maintains a fixed distance from at least one eye of the subject;

[0015] c. Obtain at least one piece of information indicating the visual impression;

[0016] d. Assign the at least one instruction to the first intraocular lens.

[0017] For example, the method enables presbyopic subjects to perceive real objects at near, intermediate, and far distances related to functional vision during a first qualitative visual acuity test. This allows for a qualitative assessment of their overall visual perception using a specific real intraocular lens based on indicative information, thereby identifying the intraocular lens best suited to their individual needs based on their subjective evaluation. Displacement of the corneal optic unit and the lens carrier housing with the intraocular lens along the central visual axis allows for an improved method of examining at least one visual impression of the subject through a visual acuity testing system, wherein the visual optic unit remains stationary in the beam path. This allows for adjustment of the optic unit according to the visual impairment of the subject's eye without moving the subject. This adjustment is controlled by the subject themselves, while simultaneously determining their subjective refractive error. Ultimately, the subject can assess for themselves which intraocular lens is subjectively suitable for them. The subject can choose, for example, monofocal, bifocal, multifocal, or EDOF lenses as intraocular lenses. In this configuration, a replaceable, calibrated lens carrier can be part of a lens carrier receiver that transmits control commands to the visual acuity testing system to guide the positioning of the corneal optics unit and the lens carrier receiver along the central visual axis with the intraocular lens for appropriate adjustment. This allows for simple, rapid, and automatic changes between different intraocular lenses in the beam path. The subject experiences the same visual impression as if the intraocular lens were implanted in their eye. Indicative information includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following parameters: contrast, sharpness, color, stray light effect, light perception, or photophobia. Simulating intraocular lens parameters is not necessary. Similar to refractive adjustment, the above method allows for the use of intraocular lenses with different amounts of additional material, a fixed target, and a final defocus curve to perform visual acuity testing. This method can be configured for computer implementation.

[0018] A key advantage of this system is that it maintains correct optical imaging in the subject's myopic and hyperopic eyes compared to intraocular lenses. Furthermore, the disclosed method allows for comparison with natural and / or postoperative visual acuity using compensating lenses, and allows for quantitative, computer-controlled comparisons of multiple data values ​​recorded by a vision device and indicating visual impressions, which can be assigned to different intraocular lenses. Known prior art, at best, allows for preoperative visual visualization using intraocular lenses.

[0019] Alternatively or additionally, in step b, a fixed adjustable lens in the beam path is used to adjust the refractive power. This makes it possible to largely avoid having to move the corneal optics and lens carrier housing. Steps c and d can then be performed. The adjustable lens can be, for example, a focusing liquid lens or an Alvarez-Humphrey lens.

[0020] Specifically, the optical units and / or lenses described herein may consist of a single lens or may include multiple lenses to achieve a desired optical effect. For example, the compensating lens, intraocular lens, corrective lens, or adjustable lens described herein may consist of one or more lenses.

[0021] Specifically, the visual acuity optics unit includes a distal corrective lens and a near divergent and converging lens, wherein the corrective lens has a distal concave lens surface and a near convex lens surface. Due to the special shape of the lens surfaces, this enables a method for using a visual acuity testing system in which the field of vision of the device and / or the field of vision of the subject viewed through it is expanded, while defocusing and contrast errors in the expanded field of vision can be corrected and, ideally, eliminated.

[0022] The subject referred to here may also be called a patient, especially in postoperative follow-up procedures.

[0023] The above method can be repeated, wherein in step a, a second lens carrier containing a second intraocular lens is placed in the lens carrier holder of the vision testing system to replace the first lens carrier. This allows the examinee to subjectively select a suitable real intraocular lens during qualitative vision testing. If the examinee deems the second intraocular lens unsuitable, the second lens carrier can be replaced with a further lens carrier containing a further intraocular lens, and the above method can be repeated.

[0024] Prior to step a, the subject can be correctly positioned relative to the visual acuity testing system so that at least one of the subject's eyes is on the central visual axis of its respective optical path. This can be achieved by vertically positioning the subject's head using a height-adjustable chin rest or headrest, and by adjusting the distance of at least one optical path in the visual acuity testing system to match the interpupillary distance of the subject's eyes. Alternatively or additionally, the position of the optical unit can be vertically adjusted to align with the position of the subject's eyes. In a further step, regular astigmatism in the subject's eyes can be compensated by using a cylindrical supplemental lens, a Stokes lens, or an Alvarez-Humphrey lens. The cylindrical supplemental lens (or a Stokes lens or an Alvarez-Humphrey lens) can be placed in the optical path of the corresponding eye in the visual acuity testing system, according to the appropriate power and axial orientation. Stokes lenses or Alvarez-Humphrey lenses can also be integrated into the device.

[0025] To correct spherical refractive errors in a subject's eyes, the refractive power of the entire optical system can be altered by moving optical units (lenses or lens groups), especially the corneal optical unit, along the optical path axis. In this way, existing refractive errors in the eye can be compensated for and identified.

[0026] By internally moving at least one lens (or group of lenses) within the optical path to compensate for any refractive errors present in the subject's eye, it is possible to use the same lens carrier and the same primary intraocular lens with the same pre-defined refractive power (e.g., 20.0 diopters) for different subjects. Furthermore, by internally adjusting the refractive power of the entire system while maintaining consistency between the near and intermediate distances between the object and the visual acuity testing system, clear images can be reproduced on the subject's retina using intraocular lenses with different degrees of additional power.

[0027] Alternatively or additionally, the diopter of the entire optical system can be adjusted by incorporating fixed adjustable lenses (such as adjustable liquid lenses or Alvarez-Humphrey lenses) in the optical path.

[0028] A shackle inserted into the optical path for the corresponding eye allows for switching between monocular and binocular modes for observation via a vision testing system.

[0029] Preferably, at least one data value representing the first visual acuity test using objects is measured. In this case, the subject observes at least one optotype through a pre-selected intraocular lens. In this context, an optotype refers to a visual symbol, object, graphic, or image. For example, the first visual acuity test includes a visual acuity chart test, where optotypes of different sizes, orientations, and / or orders are displayed on the display device of the visual acuity testing system. The visual acuity value observed by the subject through the intraocular lens is measured. For example, a visual acuity value is considered achieved when the subject correctly identifies at least three out of five optotypes at a given visual acuity level.

[0030] Specifically, at least one data value is assigned to the first intraocular lens. For example, optotypes of different sizes, orientations, and / or orders, or specific visual acuity values, can be assigned to the first intraocular lens. When multiple data values ​​are recorded, a dataset of data values ​​is generated, associating the first intraocular lens being tested with the subject's eye. This dataset can be used to evaluate and / or compare datasets from different intraocular lenses during the final selection of the intraocular lens. This dataset can be reused and, for example, for documentation and quality assurance regarding the quality of intraocular lens implantation in visual acuity testing after intraocular lens implantation. Postoperatively, data values ​​from the intraocular lens, particularly additional data values, are advantageous. Refractive errors are typically compensated for by the implanted intraocular lens.

[0031] Preferably, the vision testing system includes a control device, and specifically, the first lens carrier includes a storage medium, wherein a first parameter is transmitted from the storage medium of the first lens carrier to the control device. The control device can use the first parameter as the basis for control commands, such as detecting an invalid lens carrier, and can output a warning signal, for example, on the display device of the vision testing system. Here, the first parameter includes at least one of the following: parameters concerning the authenticity and / or validity of the lens carrier (certificate), name, part number, manufacturing date, shelf life, serial number, and position in the beam path, adjustment value, calibration value, and focus as a function of adding the first intraocular lens. This makes it possible to verify system integrity and process integrity, and avoid operator errors in the process. This prevents incorrect allocation of the intraocular lens. In particular, the first lens carrier includes several parameters listed above to ensure a higher degree of customizability of the first intraocular lens in the first lens carrier.

[0032] Specifically, the control device at least displaces the lens carrier receiver along the central visual axis. The control device may use a first parameter as the basis for a control command, for example, enabling at least the lens carrier receiver and the intraocular lens to be displaced along the central visual axis. For this purpose, the lens carrier receiver is connected to a displacement unit and / or a drive device, which moves along the central visual axis via an actuator. Control commands are sent from the control device to the actuator to displace the lens carrier receiver.

[0033] Alternatively or additionally, the control device at least causes a change and / or adjustment in the refractive power of the adjustable lens in the beam path. The control device may use a first parameter as the basis for the control command, for example, the parameter capable of causing a change in refractive power. The control command is sent from the control device to the adjustable lens to change its refractive power.

[0034] Specifically, the control device can use at least one data value as the basis for a control command to move the optical unit of the vision testing system along the central visual axis via a drive mechanism, specifically a lens carrier housing with an intraocular lens. This allows for automatic adjustment of the optical unit along the central visual axis.

[0035] Alternatively or additionally, the control device may use at least one data value as the basis for control commands to change the refractive power of the adjustable lens in the beam path.

[0036] Preferably, the vision testing system includes a computing unit in which at least one data value is processed. The at least one data value may, for example, be assigned to a selection algorithm within the computing unit to simplify the selection of a first intraocular lens for the subject.

[0037] Alternatively or additionally, the first parameter is processed in the computing unit. The first parameter may, for example, be assigned to a selection algorithm in the computing unit to simplify the selection of a first intraocular lens for the subject. The first parameter may be associated with at least one data value, thereby simplifying the subject's selection of the first intraocular lens.

[0038] Specifically, the selection algorithm includes computational operations suitable for simplifying the selection of intraocular lenses for the examinee based on weighted data values ​​and / or multiple weighted parameters.

[0039] Preferably, the selection algorithm in the computing unit compares at least one data value of a first intraocular lens with another data value of a second intraocular lens, which is also selected by the subject in the method disclosed herein. This allows for comparison of different intraocular lenses subjectively selected by the subject, and this comparison can be displayed to the subject, specifically on the display device of the vision testing system. This simplifies the selection of intraocular lenses for the subject.

[0040] Preferably, at least one additional data value representing a second visual acuity test using objects is measured. Here, the subject sees at least one optotype (object and / or visual symbol) through a previously selected intraocular lens. For example, the second visual acuity test includes a contrast visual acuity test, which measures visual contrast sensitivity. Following the same principles as in visual acuity testing, optotypes of a prescribed size are displayed to the subject in various gray levels and orientations and / or sequences. A key parameter here is the brightness difference between the optotype and the background on the display device (such as a display panel with a prescribed brightness). Here, the brightness of the optotype depicted can be adjusted relative to the background brightness of the display device until the two elements are indistinguishable from each other. This visual acuity test can also be performed by adjusting the color combination and / or color contrast of the optotype and the display device.

[0041] Specifically, the computing unit is configured to generate control commands for the control device, enabling the corneal optical unit, and in particular the lens carrier receiver, to be displaced. For this purpose, the computing unit uses one or more data values ​​and / or parameters listed herein. The corneal optical unit may be mounted on a drive mechanism that allows the corneal optical unit to be displaced at least along the central visual axis.

[0042] Alternatively or additionally, the computing unit is configured to generate control commands for the control device to cause changes in the refractive power of the adjustable mirror in the beam path. For this purpose, the computing unit uses one or more data values ​​and / or parameters listed herein.

[0043] Preferably, after step d, the compensating lens is placed in the lens carrier holder, and at least one visual acuity test is performed. The compensating lens corrects the optical components in the beam path. The compensating lens can be placed in place of the first lens carrier in the lens carrier holder. Therefore, the examinee can directly compare their natural (uncorrected) visual acuity with the visual acuity obtained through the first intraocular lens previously tested. In its simplest form, the compensating lens is a spherical or aspherical lens with appropriate refractive power to correct and / or compensate for other optical units on the central visual axis.

[0044] Alternatively or additionally, prior to step a, the compensating lens is placed in the lens carrier holder, and at least one visual acuity test is performed. Thus, the subject has a direct qualitative comparison between their natural (uncorrected) visual acuity and the visual acuity obtained with the first intraocular lens from the previously tested lens.

[0045] Specifically, during a vision test using a compensating lens, additional data values ​​are measured and transmitted to a computing unit. The computing unit can use an algorithm to compare the measurement data values ​​obtained with the compensating lens with those obtained with the primary intraocular lens. This comparison can be displayed to the test subject on the display device of the vision test system.

[0046] Preferably, the visual acuity testing system includes at least one light source, wherein at least one light source is introduced into the beam path of the visual acuity testing system during at least one visual acuity test. This allows for glare testing. Glare testing quantitatively determines the degree of diffusion (halo) of the light source image caused by the intraocular lens. To determine the degree of this diffusion, the examinee must correctly identify a target of a specific size that is moving radially toward the light source. If, due to the optical phenomenon caused by the intraocular lens, the image of the light source makes the target brighter and therefore no longer recognizable to the examinee, the distance between the last correctly identified target and the light source is used as a measure of glare. This data value can be assigned to the first intraocular lens. The calculation unit can present this data value to the examinee in a manner that allows for improved intraocular lens selection. In this way, intraocular lenses that cause or reduce optical phenomena that are troublesome for the examinee can be evaluated.

[0047] Specifically, the at least one light source is a point light source used for the explicit visualization and measurement of photopsia, such as halos, with intraocular lenses. This may be a key factor in selecting appropriate intraocular lenses for patients.

[0048] Alternatively or additionally, at least one light source may be positioned within the subject's field of vision, particularly behind them, so that the aforementioned glare test can be performed using diffused light.

[0049] Preferably, an input device is provided, wherein the subject operates the input device during at least one visual acuity test to be able to assign at least one of measurement data values ​​or indication information. The input device may be connected to a control device for data exchange. During the visual acuity test, the subject can independently identify their ideal indication information or their ideal data value and assign it to the first intraocular lens. This prevents erroneous operation by another person. This allows the subject to assess for themselves which intraocular lens is suitable for them. For example, the subject interactively selects a visual target using the input device. Alternatively or additionally, during the visual acuity test, the subject controls the axial displacement of the corneal optics and lens carrier housing by focusing the input device on a distant object or a visual acuity chart placed on each side of the eye via the visual acuity testing system. Alternatively or additionally, during the visual acuity test, the subject controls the variation in the refractive power of the adjustable lens in the beam path by focusing the input device on a distant object or a visual acuity chart placed on the corresponding side of the eye via the visual acuity testing system.

[0050] Preferably, at least one defocus curve is recorded, particularly using a visual acuity testing system, to represent the optical performance of the first intraocular lens across the entire visual range, i.e., visual acuity or contrast sensitivity, i.e., the degree of defocus. For this purpose, for example, the aforementioned distance visual acuity test is repeated in increments of 0.5 diopters for each defocus value (defocus position) from -4 to +1 diopters. In this way, all distances, i.e., viewing distances from near to far, can be visually represented. Similar to the correction of refractive errors, the appropriate defocus value and / or displacement of the defocus position is adjusted by controlling the axial displacement of the lens or lens group in the beam path, wherein this control is performed, in particular, by a control device. This semi-automatic process makes it possible to determine the complete defocus curve in a very short time. Alternatively or additionally, the defocus value is adjusted by changing the refractive power of the adjustable lens in the beam path, particularly by control performed by a control device.

[0051] Preferably, a positioning device is provided, wherein a first lens carrier having at least a first intraocular lens is positioned in a lens carrier receiver. The positioning device can precisely and repeatably position the lens carrier in the lens carrier receiver according to its specifications. The positioning device includes a actuator, such as a drive, for positioning the first lens carrier. This prevents accidental operation by another person. Specifically, the positioning device includes a cassette for receiving different lens carriers and different intraocular lenses or compensating lenses.

[0052] Specifically, the control device transmits data to the positioning device. This data may include command data or control commands, which can be used to position a specific lens carrier with an intraocular lens or compensating lens into the lens carrier holder.

[0053] The collaboration between the computing unit and the control device described herein enables the various vision testing systems disclosed below to perform at least the selection of intraocular lenses and / or the automatic execution of vision tests in a semi-automatic and reproducible manner. This can significantly reduce the possibility of errors.

[0054] A vision testing system according to the invention for examining at least one visual impression of a subject has a lens carrier receiver for receiving a first lens carrier, wherein the lens carrier receiver is sequentially mounted between a corneal optical unit and an ocular optical unit on a central visual axis from the distal side (closer to the observation environment) to the proximal side (closer to the subject's eye), and the vision testing system includes a control device configured to perform at least one method described herein for examining at least one visual impression of a subject.

[0055] For example, during the first qualitative visual acuity test, the visual acuity testing system enables presbyopic subjects to perceive real objects or images of objects at near, intermediate, and far distances, which are related to functional visual acuity, in order to qualitatively assess their overall visual perception of a particular real intraocular lens based on indicative information, thereby identifying the intraocular lens best suited to their individual needs based on their subjective assessment.

[0056] Specifically, the vision testing system may include a vision optics unit comprising corrective lenses, diverging lenses, and converging lenses. This system is capable of expanding the field of vision of the subject's eye through the special shape of the lens surface, while correcting for and, ideally, eliminating defocus and contrast errors in the expanded field of vision. Thus, through the interaction between the concave-convex corrective lenses and the downstream diverging and converging lenses according to the invention, different convergence and divergence and different angular differences are generated between the corresponding incident and outgoing beams relative to the central visual axis or optical axis for different beam incident angles. It is these specific convergence and divergence and angular differences (in conjunction with the corneal optics unit) that allow beams incident at various spatial angles at different viewing angles to be essentially guided to the same point in the eye, thereby providing visual angle correction, i.e., focusing vision through the intraocular lens, which matches the resolution and contrast of the implanted intraocular lens at different viewing angles.

[0057] In a particularly effective version, the corneal optics unit can simulate the average cornea, for example based on the Liou-Brennan eye model, to perform rapid visual acuity tests; or in a particularly precise variant, for example based on previous measurements to simulate the cornea of ​​a specific subject, in order to provide the most realistic possible assessment of intraocular lenses for that specific subject.

[0058] In summary, the device of the present invention allows patients to experience a realistic subjective visual impression over a wide field of vision, even before the intraocular lens is implanted, as if the intraocular lens had already been implanted, thereby making it easier to select the appropriate intraocular lens.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, at least one lens surface of the diverging and converging lenses facing each other is aspherical. Combined with concave-convex corrective lenses and corneal optical units, this enables particularly effective correction of the viewing angle, i.e., the vision through the intraocular lens, which is particularly well focused, and matches the resolution and contrast of the implanted intraocular lens for different viewing angles.

[0060] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the lens surfaces of the diverging and converging lenses facing each other is an aspheric surface of at least fourth order. The use of such aspheric lenses makes it possible to prevent and / or correct imaging errors, such as spherical aberration, astigmatism, etc. This allows the examinee to observe without error over a wide field of view through the intraocular lens, enabling accurate testing. While the use of higher-order aspheric surfaces provides greater flexibility in the design of the eyepiece optics, lower-order aspheric surfaces are easier to manufacture and their effect on the beam path is more predictable.

[0061] In a cost-effective version, at least one of the corneal optics unit and the ocular optics unit has an achromatic or apochromatic element to avoid chromatic aberration. This allows for lens testing at multiple wavelengths, which matches the resolution, focus, and contrast of the implanted intraocular lens over a wide field of view. Furthermore, the achromatic and / or apochromatic elements can be used to prevent and / or correct spherical aberration. For example, in this variant, dispersion-free collimation of the light beam passing through the device can be achieved, regardless of the angle of incidence in front of the subject's eye.

[0062] The corneal optic unit can be designed in various forms. In one particularly simple form, the corneal optic unit comprises a corneal diverging lens and a corneal converging lens, which can be arranged in any order along the optical visual axis.

[0063] When the converging and diverging lenses of the corneal optics and / or the converging and diverging lenses of the visual optics have different Abbe numbers, the corresponding converging and diverging lenses form achromatic and / or apochromatic lenses, thereby correcting and / or eliminating chromatic aberrations other than spherical aberration. This allows the patient to perform particularly thorough testing of the intraocular lenses and assess their quality in terms of both sharpness and color perception even before implantation, thus determining the appropriate intraocular lens.

[0064] The adjustable base allows for rapid adjustment of the optical units of the vision testing system, such as moving the optical principal plane of the optical units to align with the eyes of the subject currently undergoing the vision test. This allows the convergence and divergence of the light beam emitted from the near end of the vision optics to be adapted to the subject's visual impairment, such as correcting for spherical refraction errors. This adjustment ensures that lens testing, which simulates the state of an intraocular lens implantation in terms of contrast, resolution, and focus, can also be performed on subjects with visual impairments.

[0065] Alternatively or additionally, by adjusting the refractive power of the adjustable lenses in the beam path, the convergence and divergence of the beam emitted from the visual optics unit toward the near side can be adapted to the visual impairment of the examinee.

[0066] It is also advantageous if at least one of the corneal optical unit, the housing, and the visual optical unit is mounted laterally to the support structure in an adjustable manner to facilitate easy adjustment and calibration of the device.

[0067] The vision testing system preferably includes a display device, such as a monitor or eye chart, capable of displaying optotypes. The display device can be shifted along the central visual axis, and also relative to the central visual axis. For this purpose, the display device is connected to a driver, which is linked to a control device for the exchange of data and / or control commands. A computing unit can send at least some of the aforementioned data and / or parameters to the display device for display there.

[0068] The aforementioned vision testing system may include adjustable lenses that are fixed in the beam path and are at least connected to a control device for exchanging control commands. The control commands are used to change the refractive power of the adjustable lenses, allowing adjustment of the refractive power throughout the vision testing system. In another embodiment of the vision testing system, the adjustable lenses at least partially replace the lenses of the corneal optics unit or the drive mechanism of the display device. They can then be positioned in a fixed location on a support structure.

[0069] Another visual acuity testing system according to the invention for examining at least one visual impression of a subject includes a lens carrier receiver for receiving a first lens carrier, wherein the lens carrier receiver is sequentially mounted, from distal to proximal, between a corneal optical unit and an ocular optical unit on the central visual axis of the beam path. An intraocular lens is disposed within the lens carrier and provides a light source to introduce light into the beam path. This allows glare testing to be performed using the visual acuity testing system. Glare testing quantitatively determines the degree of diffusion (halo) of the light source image caused by the intraocular lens. To determine the degree of this diffusion, the subject must correctly identify a target of a specific size that is moving radially toward the light source. If, due to the optical phenomenon caused by the intraocular lens, the image of the light source makes the target brighter and thus no longer recognizable to the subject, the distance between the last correctly identified target and the light source is used as a measure of glare. This data value can be assigned to the intraocular lens. As described above, the computing unit and display device can present this data value to the subject in a manner that allows for improved intraocular lens selection. In this way, intraocular lenses can be evaluated for light phenomena that cause or do not cause trouble for the examinee, making it easier to select the appropriate intraocular lens.

[0070] The lens carrier according to the invention includes at least one intraocular lens, wherein at least one data carrier is disposed on the lens carrier. Data concerning the intraocular lens is stored on the data carrier. Alternatively or additionally, data concerning the lens carrier is stored on the data carrier. In this case, the lens carrier can be calibrated relative to the intraocular lens disposed within the lens carrier. This allows the lens carrier to be easily inserted into the vision testing system described herein and automatically triggers the correct adjustment of the optical system for vision testing.

[0071] The data carrier or storage medium can be an coded NFC chip, which is read (electronically) by the control device upon insertion. This enables the identification of the type of intraocular lens, including its expiration date, verification of its authenticity (anti-counterfeiting), and verification of the integrity of the lens carrier data. Thus, by detecting invalid combinations of eye condition (pre- or post-operative) and inserted lens carrier, the integrity of the measurement process and documentation can be maintained, and operational errors during testing can be prevented. This data can be identification data of the intraocular lens. For example, the data carrier can also be a barcode, QR code, or other storage medium.

[0072] Alternatively or additionally, the data may be calibration or adjustment data for the intraocular lens. Furthermore, using the calibration or adjustment data stored on the NFC chip, any refractive error in each lens carrier caused by refractive power tolerances of the intraocular lens and optical unit, as well as refractive errors arising from the assembly of the lens carrier and the vision testing system, can be compensated for.

[0073] Alternatively or additionally, this data may be calibration or adjustment data for the lens carrier. This makes the lens carrier easily identifiable, particularly by its serial number, or easily traceable based on the lens carrier's manufacturing date.

[0074] The intraocular lens is held in a liquid-filled carrier medium within a lens carrier. For example, the lens carrier is a small, transparent container, particularly a small, transparent container with an iris aperture. The lens carrier can be inserted into the lens carrier holder of the vision testing system in a magnetically replaceable and self-centering manner; for this purpose, magnets and / or rails and / or guide balls and / or guide pins are arranged on the lens holder.

[0075] In this case, a replaceable, calibrated lens carrier can be part of a lens carrier receiver that transmits control commands to one of the vision testing systems described herein to guide the positioning of the corneal optics unit and the lens carrier receiver along the central visual axis with the intraocular lens for appropriate adjustment, thereby enabling simple, rapid, and automatic changes between different intraocular lenses in the beam path.

[0076] According to another vision testing system of the present invention, for examining at least one visual impression using a lens carrier receiver for receiving a first lens carrier having a first intraocular lens, wherein the lens carrier receiver is sequentially mounted, from distal to proximal, between a corneal optic unit and an ocular optic unit on the central visual axis of the beam path, the system includes at least one input device such that at least one data value of the first intraocular lens can be specified by the examinee. During the vision test, the examinee can independently identify their ideal indication information or their ideal data value and assign it to the first intraocular lens. This prevents erroneous operation by another person. For example, the examinee interactively identifies optotypes using the input device. Alternatively or additionally, the axial displacement of the corneal optic unit and the lens carrier receiver is controlled by the examinee during the vision test, focusing the vision testing system on an object or display device placed at a distance, such as a visual acuity chart, for the corresponding side of the eye.

[0077] Alternatively or additionally, during a visual acuity test, the subject may adjust the refractive power of a fixed, adjustable lens in the beam path by focusing the visual acuity test system on a distant object or a visual acuity chart on each side of the eyes using an input device.

[0078] According to another vision testing system of the present invention, for postoperative examination of at least one eye of a subject equipped with an intraocular lens, the system has a lens carrier receiver for receiving a first lens carrier, wherein the lens carrier receiver is sequentially mounted, from distal to proximal, between a corneal optical unit and an ocular optical unit located on the central visual axis of the beam path. The system includes a compensating lens for correcting the corneal optical unit located in the beam path and disposed in the lens carrier receiver. The compensating lens at least neutralizes the corneal optical unit arranged in the beam path. The compensating lens may be placed in the lens carrier receiver in place of the first lens carrier.

[0079] Alternatively or additionally, the compensating lens is adapted to correct the eyepiece optics located in the beam path. The eyepiece optics are arranged in the compensating lens and in the beam path. The compensating lens can be placed in place of the first lens carrier in the lens carrier holder. Using a single compensating lens to compensate for both the corneal and ocular optics is an advantageous embodiment, such that the single compensating lens can compensate for the entire optical system of the visual acuity testing system, i.e., the subject views the visual acuity testing system as if it did not exist (except for any possible refractive corrections).

[0080] Post-operatively, after the implantation of the intraocular lens, the patient observes the newly implanted intraocular lens under the same visual acuity conditions described earlier in this method, using a visual acuity testing system, and repeats the aforementioned visual acuity test. In place of the intraocular lens (as in the pre-operative case), the aforementioned compensating lens is inserted into the beam path, compensating for the refractive power of the optical units within the beam path. The patient is now observing through their implanted intraocular lens. Pre-operative refractive errors (spherical and cylindrical) are corrected by the implanted intraocular lens.

[0081] The calculation unit may include a comparison algorithm to at least partially compare preoperatively recorded data values ​​with measurement data values ​​from postoperative tests. As described above, comparing postoperative data values ​​with preoperative measurements of visual acuity achievable with intraocular lenses allows for direct assessment of the success of intraocular lens implantation, serving as a quality assurance mechanism for both physicians and patients. In this case, the calculation unit may be configured to calculate at least one overall comparison value that provides a qualitative assessment of the success of intraocular lens implantation. At least one overall comparison value may be displayed on a display device.

[0082] A visual acuity testing system for recording at least one defocus curve according to the present invention has a lens carrier receiver for receiving a first lens carrier, wherein the lens carrier receiver is sequentially mounted, from distal to proximal, between a corneal optical unit and an ocular optical unit on the central visual axis of the beam path, and the visual acuity testing system includes an intraocular lens disposed within the lens carrier receiver. As described above, the visual acuity testing system includes a control device and a computing unit. This means that the visual acuity or contrast sensitivity of the intraocular lens can be displayed across the entire visual range.

[0083] A visual acuity testing system for recording at least one defocus curve according to the present invention has a lens carrier receiver for receiving a first lens carrier, wherein the lens carrier receiver is sequentially mounted, from distal to proximal, between a corneal optical unit and an ocular optical unit on the central visual axis of the beam path, and includes a compensating lens for correcting, specifically compensating, the refractive power of the optical unit disposed in the beam path, and is disposed within the lens carrier receiver. As described above, the visual acuity testing system includes a control device and a computing unit. This means that the visual acuity or contrast sensitivity of the implanted intraocular lens can be visualized postoperatively across the entire observation distance. For this purpose, the control device is configured to repeat the visual acuity test or contrast sensitivity test at a distance for each defocus value (defocus position), for example, in increments of 0.5 diopters from -4 to +1 diopters. The computing unit is configured to process all distances from near to far and display them on the display device of the visual acuity testing system. Similar to the correction of refractive errors, the corresponding defocus value and / or defocus position is adjusted by computer-controlled axial displacement of at least one lens in the beam path. This semi-automatic process makes it possible to determine the complete defocus curve in a very short time. Alternatively or further, the defocus value can be adjusted by changing the refractive power of adjustable lenses in the beam path, particularly by control devices.

[0084] The features of the vision testing systems and methods described above can also be combined with each other to produce the various vision testing systems and methods disclosed.

[0085] The computer program product according to the present invention includes commands that, when executed by a computer of a vision testing system, cause the computer of the vision testing system to perform the method described above. In this case, the method disclosed above is a computer-implemented method, and the computer may be the aforementioned computing unit or may be linked to a computing unit or control device.

[0086] The computer-readable data carrier according to the present invention stores a computer program product thereon.

[0087] Other advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0088] As with the technical content of the claims and drawings, the list of reference numerals forms part of this disclosure. These drawings are described in a coherent and comprehensive manner. Similar reference numerals refer to similar parts; reference numerals with different numbers indicate parts having the same or similar functions.

[0089] The following figures are provided to explain the invention in more detail through exemplary embodiments.

[0090] Positional terms such as “top,” “bottom,” “right,” or “left” refer to the corresponding diagrams and should not be construed as limitations.

[0091] Although the invention has been depicted and described in detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings and description, such depiction and detailed description should be understood as illustrative and exemplary, and not intended to limit the invention. It should be understood that changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the following claims. Specifically, the invention also includes embodiments that comprise any combination of features mentioned or shown above in conjunction with various aspects and / or embodiments.

[0092] The invention also includes individual features shown in the figures, even if they are shown together with other features and / or not mentioned above. Furthermore, the term "comprising" and its derivatives do not exclude other elements or steps. Similarly, the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plural. The function of several features listed in the claims can be performed by a single unit. When used in conjunction with features and / or numerical values, the terms "substantially," "approximately," "about," etc., also precisely define the feature and / or the numerical value. Reference numerals in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. Attached Figure Description

[0093] These figures are described in a coherent and comprehensive manner. The same reference numerals denote the same parts. In the figures…

[0094] Figure 1 A first embodiment of a vision testing system according to the present invention for detecting at least one visual impression is illustrated schematically.

[0095] Figure 2 :according to Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the first optical unit (corneal optical unit) of the vision testing system.

[0096] Figure 3 :according to Figure 1 A schematic diagram of another optical unit (eye optical unit) of the vision testing system.

[0097] Figure 4This illustration shows a first embodiment of a method for visual impressions in a preoperative examination flowchart according to the present invention.

[0098] Figure 5 :according to Figure 4 Additional steps for postoperative visual impression testing are included in the method and flowchart.

[0099] Figure 6 : A schematic diagram of a preoperative examination for subjective visual impression using an intraocular lens;

[0100] Figure 7 : A diagram illustrating the subjective visual impression during preoperative examination using compensating lenses;

[0101] Figure 8 A diagram illustrating the subjective visual impression of glare sensitivity during preoperative examination using intraocular lenses;

[0102] Figure 9 : A schematic diagram of preoperative measurements of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity obtainable in the near, intermediate, and far ranges using intraocular lenses;

[0103] Figure 10 : A schematic diagram of preoperative measurements for photopsia of distant light sources using an intraocular lens;

[0104] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of preoperative defocusing curves recorded using intraocular lenses;

[0105] Figure 12 : A schematic diagram illustrating postoperative measurements of achievable visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in the near, intermediate, and far ranges using an intraocular lens implanted inside the eye;

[0106] Figure 13 : A schematic diagram illustrating postoperative measurements of flashes of light from distant light sources using an implanted intraocular lens;

[0107] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the defocus curve recorded postoperatively using an implanted intraocular lens;

[0108] Figure 15 According to the present invention, a lens carrier with an intraocular lens,

[0109] Figure 16 According to another embodiment of the vision testing system of the present invention, it is used to examine at least one visual impression in a schematic diagram.

[0110] Figure 17 According to another embodiment of the vision testing system of the present invention, it is used to examine at least one visual impression in a schematic diagram, and

[0111] Figure 18According to another embodiment of the vision testing system of the present invention, it is used to examine at least one visual impression in a schematic representation. Detailed Implementation

[0112] Figures 1 to 3 A first embodiment of a vision testing system 20 is shown, comprising a support structure 23 on which a lens carrier receiver 25 is arranged, the lens carrier receiver having a lens carrier 50 with an intraocular lens 51. The lens carrier receiver 25 is sequentially mounted between a corneal optical unit 40 and an ocular optical unit 45 on the central visual axis 21 of the beam path 22, from the distal side (closer to the observation environment) to the proximal side (closer to the eye of the subject 18). The support structure 23 can be any device known in the field of optics for supporting optical elements, such as a frame, housing, conduit, optical bench, optical stage, etc. The corneal optical unit 40 (or a portion thereof), the lens carrier receiver 25 (or a portion thereof), and / or the ocular optical unit 45 (or a portion thereof) are mounted on the support structure 23 such that they can be displaced along the central visual axis 21 and / or adjusted perpendicular to the central visual axis to align them relative to each other. For this purpose, the aforementioned optical units have a drive mechanism having an actuator (as indicated by a horizontal double arrow) that allows displacement of the optical units.

[0113] The structure of the vision testing system 20 will be described below, assuming a through view along the central visual axis 21 of the representative beam L. First, the beam L, incident from the environment and / or from the side of the display device 27, i.e., from the distal side of the vision testing system 20, passes through the corneal optics unit 40. The corneal optics unit includes a distal corneal diverging lens 41 and a near corneal converging lens 42. Figure 2 The corneal optical unit 40 is shown in detail. The distal lens surface 43 of the corneal collecting lens 42 is aspherical. In one variant, the aspherical surface is fourth order.

[0114] After passing through the corneal optical unit 40, the beam L is guided through the intraocular lens 51 of the lens carrier housing 25, where the beam L is focused according to its refractive power, as if it were implanted into the eye of the subject 18.

[0115] The light beam L then passes through the eyepiece optics unit 45 and illuminates the iris 19 of the subject 18. The eyepiece optics unit includes a distal corrective lens 46, a proximal diverging lens 47, and a converging lens 48. As an alternative to the illustrated embodiment, the converging lens 48 may be positioned distal to the diverging lens 47. The corrective lens 46 has a distal concave lens surface 46a and a proximal convex lens surface 46b. See [reference needed]. Figure 3The diverging lens 47 is plano-concave, and the converging lens 48 includes a first plano-convex portion and a second plano-convex portion. As a result, the lens surface opposite to the aspherical lens surface 48a is planar, and the aspherical surface is easier to manufacture. Optionally, at least one or both of the lens surfaces 47a and 48a facing each other in the diverging lens 47 and the converging lens 48 are aspherical (here: the distal lens surface 48a of the converging lens 48).

[0116] The vision testing system 20 includes a control device 26, and the first lens carrier 50 includes a storage medium 52 or a data carrier, wherein when the first lens carrier 50 is positioned in the lens carrier receiving seat 25, a first parameter can be transmitted from the storage medium 52 of the first lens carrier 50 to the control device 26 via a data cable and / or wireless data connection. The control device 26 uses the first parameter as the basis for control commands to identify the lens carrier 50. If the lens carrier 50 is invalid, a warning signal is sent to the display device 27 of the vision testing system 20. Here, the first parameter includes at least one of the following: parameters concerning the authenticity and / or validity of the lens carrier (certificate), name, part number, manufacturing date, shelf life, serial number, and position in the beam path, adjustment value, calibration value, and focus as a function of the addition of the first intraocular lens 51. The control device is connected to the drive unit of the optical unit via a data cable to receive data and send control commands to operate the drive, thereby moving the optical unit.

[0117] Control device 26 is configured to at least cause displacement of lens carrier receiver 25 along central visual axis 21. The control device uses one or more of the aforementioned parameters as the basis for control commands to move lens carrier receiver 25, which has at least an intraocular lens 51, along central visual axis 21. For this purpose, lens carrier receiver 25 is connected to a moving unit (double arrow), which moves along central visual axis 21 via a driver. Control commands are sent from control device 26 to the driver to move lens carrier receiver 25. Furthermore, control device 26 is configured to at least cause displacement of corneal optics 40 and ocular optics 45 along central visual axis 21. Vision testing system 20 includes computing unit 28. Computing unit 28 may be a computer or a microprocessor and is connected to control device 26. Computing unit 28 is configured to generate control commands for control device 26 to enable movement of optics 40, 45 and lens carrier receiver 25.

[0118] In addition, an input device 29 is provided, which the examinee 18 operates during at least one vision test to assign at least one of measurement data values ​​or indication information to the intraocular lens 51. The input device 29 is connected to the control device 26 for data exchange. Using the input device 29, the examinee 18 can, in particular, confirm the current position of the lens carrier receiver 25 on the support structure 23, specifically the current position of the intraocular lens 51 and / or optical units 40, 45, and thereby store the specific arrangement of the components on the support structure 23 in the computing unit 28 and / or the control device 26.

[0119] The vision testing system 20 includes a positioning device 24, such as a switching system or a rotating box, wherein a first lens carrier 50, having at least a first intraocular lens 51, is positioned in a lens carrier receiving seat 25. The positioning device 24 can precisely and repeatably position the lens carrier 50 in the lens carrier receiving seat 25 according to its specifications. The positioning device 24 includes a driver (double-headed arrow), such as an actuator, for positioning the first lens carrier 25 and is connected to a control device 26 for exchanging data and control commands.

[0120] Display device 27 is a monitor or eye chart capable of displaying optotypes. Display device 27 can be shifted along the central visual axis 21, and also can be moved relative to the central visual axis 21. For this purpose, display device can be connected to a driver linked to control device 26 for the exchange of data and / or control commands. Computing unit 28 can send at least some of the aforementioned data and / or parameters for vision testing, or data analyzed by computing unit 28, to display device 27, where they are displayed.

[0121] The vision testing system 20 includes a light source 27a, which is introduced into the beam path 22 of the vision testing system 20 during at least one vision test. The light source 27a is connected to a control device 26 for exchanging data and control commands via a data cable. Alternatively, optical units, such as beam splitters or mirrors, can be used to introduce the light source 27a into the beam path 22.

[0122] The vision testing system 20 includes a height-adjustable chin or headrest 23a for vertically positioning the head of the subject 18. The height-adjustable chin or headrest 23a can be connected to a control device 26 to exchange data and control commands via a data cable.

[0123] In the computing unit 28, commands of the computer program product are processed such that the method described below for examining at least one visual impression of a subject can be executed on the vision testing system.

[0124] Figure 4A first embodiment of a method 100 for examining at least one visual impression of a subject 18 according to the present invention is shown, the method using... Figures 1 to 3 The vision testing system 20 is used to perform the test. Method 100 includes at least the following steps:

[0125] a. Position the first lens carrier 50 with the first intraocular lens 51 in the lens carrier receiving seat 25 of the vision testing system 20;

[0126] b. Displace the corneal optical unit 40 and the lens carrier housing 25 with the intraocular lens 51 along the central visual axis 21, wherein the visual optical unit 45 maintains a fixed distance from at least one eye of the subject 18;

[0127] c. Obtain at least one piece of information indicating the visual impression;

[0128] d. Assign the at least one instruction to the first intraocular lens 51.

[0129] This method enables subjects to perceive real objects or targets arranged along the central visual axis 21 during a first qualitative visual acuity test (step 104) in order to qualitatively assess their overall visual perception of the real intraocular lens 51 arranged in the lens carrier housing 25 based on indicative information, and thus identify the intraocular lens 51 best suited to their individual needs based on their subjective assessment. Furthermore, a compensating lens 56 can be used for comparison with natural (uncorrected) visual acuity. Indicative information includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following parameters: contrast, sharpness, color, stray light effect, light perception, or flashes of light. Subject 18 views through the intraocular lens 51, and objects or targets, or real objects at near, intermediate, and far distances (N, I, F), are displayed to them on the display device 27 of the visual acuity testing system 20—see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 Based on the subjective feedback from the examinee 18, a subjective evaluation of the intraocular lens 51 was ultimately conducted.

[0130] In step a, at least one first parameter can be transmitted from the storage medium 52 of the first lens carrier 50 to the control device 26 via a data line. The first parameter includes, for example, the authenticity and / or validity of the lens carrier (certificate) or the serial number or name of the intraocular lens 51. The first parameter is processed in the calculation unit 28. For example, the first parameter can be assigned to a selection algorithm in the calculation unit 28 to simplify the selection of the first intraocular lens 51 for the examinee 18.

[0131] After step d, the examinee may place the compensating lens 56 into the lens carrier holder 25 and undergo at least one visual acuity test. The compensating lens 56 may be positioned in place of the first lens carrier 50 in the lens carrier holder 25. The examinee 18 views through the compensating lens 56, and objects or optotypes, or real objects at near, intermediate, and far distances (N, I, F), are displayed to them on the display device 27 of the visual acuity testing system 20—see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 .

[0132] Alternatively or additionally, prior to step a, the compensating lens is placed in the lens carrier holder, and at least one visual acuity test is performed. Thus, the subject has a direct qualitative comparison between their natural (uncorrected) visual acuity and the visual acuity obtained with the first intraocular lens from the previously tested lens.

[0133] If the examinee 18 deems the first intraocular lens 51 unsuitable, the above procedure is repeated, wherein in step a, a second lens carrier with a second intraocular lens is positioned in place of the first lens carrier 50 in the lens carrier holder 25 of the vision testing system 20. If the examinee 18 deems the second intraocular lens unsuitable, the second lens carrier can be replaced with a further lens carrier containing a further intraocular lens, and the above method is repeated.

[0134] Prior to step a, subject adjustment 101 is performed, in which subject 18 is correctly positioned relative to visual acuity testing system 20 such that at least one eye of subject 18 is centered on the central visual axis 21 of beam path 22. This is achieved, on the one hand, by vertically positioning subject 18 using a height-adjustable chin or headrest 23, and on the other hand, by adjusting the distance of at least one beam path 22 in visual acuity testing system 20 to match the pupillary distance of subject 18's eye. Alternatively or additionally, the position of the optical unit may be vertically adjusted to align with the position of subject's eye. In a further step 102, any conventional astigmatism present in subject 18's eye is compensated for by using a cylindrical supplemental lens or a Stokes lens. The cylindrical supplemental lens (or Stokes lens) can be positioned with appropriate intensity and axial orientation within the beam path 22 of visual acuity testing system 20 for the corresponding eye. Stokes lenses may also be integrated into the device.

[0135] In order to correct any spherical refraction error in the eye of the subject 18, the refractive power of the entire optical system is adjusted by axially moving the corneal optical unit 40 in the beam path 22, specifically the lens carrier housing 25 in which the compensating lens 50 is arranged (step 103).

[0136] In another step 105, a qualitative glare test can be performed—see also Figure 8The subject 18 then observes again through the intraocular lens 51 mounted in the lens carrier housing 25. For this visual acuity test, the visual acuity testing system 20 includes at least one light source 27a, wherein at least one light source 27a is introduced into the beam path 22 of the visual acuity testing system 20 during at least one visual acuity test. A glare test will qualitatively assess the degree of diffusion of the image (halo) of the light source 27a through the intraocular lens 51.

[0137] In an embodiment not shown, at least one light source 27a is positioned behind the subject 18 in the field of vision so as to perform the aforementioned glare test using diffused light.

[0138] Based on steps 101-105 above, subject 18 selects a specific intraocular lens 51 (step 106).

[0139] In the next step 107, the subject 18 performs a first quantitative visual acuity test. Here, the subject 18 sees at least one optotype (object and / or visual symbol) on the display device 27 through a previously selected intraocular lens 51. For example, the first visual acuity test is a visual acuity test, in which optotypes of various sizes and orientations and / or sequences are displayed on the display device 27 of the visual acuity testing system 20 at near, intermediate, and far distances (N, I, f). Visual acuity values ​​are measured as data values ​​observed by the subject through the intraocular lens 51—see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9 .

[0140] The measured visual acuity values ​​are transmitted to the control device 26 and / or the calculation unit 28, and processed in the calculation unit 28. A selection algorithm in the calculation unit 28 further processes at least one visual acuity value. For example, different sizes and orientations and / or optotype sequences, or measured visual acuity values, can be assigned to the first intraocular lens 51. When multiple data values ​​are recorded, a dataset of data values ​​is created, representing the first intraocular lens 51 tested here for the subject 18, and associated with the subject 18's eyes. This dataset can be considered when finally selecting the intraocular lens 51 for evaluation.

[0141] The control device 26 is configured to use at least one data value and / or at least one visual acuity value as the basis for control commands to adjust the optical units of the visual acuity testing system 20 for the subject 18 and the first intraocular lens 51. The cooperation between the control device 26 and the computing unit 28 enables automatic adjustment of the positions of the optical units 40, 45 and the lens carrier 50 on the support structure 23.

[0142] In the next step 108, the subject 18 performs a further visual acuity test. Here, the subject 18 sees at least one optotype (object and / or visual symbol) through a previously selected intraocular lens 51. The further visual acuity test is a contrast sensitivity test, which measures photopic contrast sensitivity. Following the same principles as in the visual acuity test, optotypes of a defined size are displayed to the subject 18 at near, intermediate, and far distances (N, I, F) in various gray levels and orientations and / or sequences on the display device 27 of the visual acuity testing system 20. For the subject observing through the intraocular lens 51, data values ​​related to photopic contrast sensitivity are measured.

[0143] In another step 109, a glare test is performed—see also [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 10 The glare test qualitatively determines the extent to which the image of light source 27a is diffused through intraocular lens 51. To determine this degree of diffusion, the subject 18 must correctly identify a target of a specific size, which is moving radially toward light source 27a. If the target is obscured by the image of light source 27a due to optical phenomena caused by intraocular lens 51, and therefore no longer recognizable to the subject 51, the distance between the last correctly identified target and light source 27a is used as a measure of glare. The measured distance is recorded as a data value and assigned to intraocular lens 51.

[0144] Alternatively or additionally, at least one light source may be located within the subject's field of vision so that the aforementioned glare test can be performed using diffused light.

[0145] In a further step 110, at least one defocus curve may be recorded to represent the visual acuity or contrast sensitivity of the primary intraocular lens 51 across the entire visual range—see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 11 Therefore, for example, the aforementioned distance visual acuity test is repeated in increments of 0.5 diopters for each defocus value (defocus position) from -4 to +1 diopters. In this way, all distances from near to far can be visually represented. Similar to the correction of refractive errors, the appropriate defocus value and / or the movement of the defocus position are achieved by controlled axial displacement of the lens or lens group in the beam path 22, wherein this control is performed in particular by the control device 26.

[0146] The control device 26 is configured to use measured data values ​​as the basis for control commands in order to adjust the optical units 40, 45 of the vision testing system 20 for the subject 18 and the first intraocular lens 51.

[0147] Figure 5 The above text shows Figure 4The method disclosed herein involves surgically implanting the intraocular lens 51 into the eye of the subject 18 after the subject 18 has selected the intraocular lens 51. Surgical procedures are not part of the method according to the invention. However, the subject 18 may use the above-described method... Figures 1 to 3 The disclosed visual acuity testing system is used to perform postoperative visual acuity testing on previously selected intraocular lenses 51, which are now located in their eyes. In the method described below, a lens carrier 55 with a compensating lens 56 is positioned in a lens carrier receiving seat 25, which corrects and / or compensates for the optical units in the beam path 22.

[0148] In this method, subject adjustment 112 is first performed again, wherein the subject 18 is correctly positioned relative to the visual acuity testing system 20 such that at least one eye of the subject 18 is on the central visual axis 21 of the corresponding beam path, similar to step 101. In another step 113, any regular astigmatism present in the eyes of the subject 18 can be compensated for by using cylindrical supplemental lenses or Stokes lenses—similar to step 102.

[0149] To correct any spherical refraction error in the subject's eye, the refractive power of the entire optical system can be changed by axially moving the optical unit (lens or lens group) in the beam path 22, specifically the corneal optical unit 40 and the lens carrier housing 25 in which the compensating lens 50 is arranged (step 114).

[0150] Post-operatively, that is, after the intraocular lens is implanted, the main body 18 of the intraocular lens is positioned according to... Figure 4 Under the same visual acuity conditions previously described in the method, observation is performed using a visual acuity testing system 20 with the newly implanted intraocular lens 51, and the aforementioned visual acuity test is repeated according to steps 107-110 (now steps 115-118). Instead of the intraocular lens 51 (as in the preoperative case), the aforementioned compensating lens 56 is inserted into the beam path 22—see [link to documentation]. Figures 12 to 14 .

[0151] For each visual acuity test in steps 115-118, at least one data value is measured and transmitted to control device 26 and / or computing unit 28. Computing unit 28 includes a comparison algorithm to at least partially compare the preoperative data values ​​recorded in steps 107-110 with the measured data values ​​in steps 115-118. As described above, comparing postoperative data values ​​with preoperative measurements of achievable visual acuity using intraocular lens 51 allows for direct assessment of the success of intraocular lens implantation, serving as a quality assurance means for both the physician and the patient 18. In this case, computing unit 28 is configured to calculate at least one overall comparison value that provides a qualitative assessment of the success of intraocular lens implantation.

[0152] The above steps can be stored as commands in a computer program product.

[0153] Figure 15 A first embodiment of a lens carrier 50 with an intraocular lens 51 is shown, wherein at least one data carrier 57 is disposed on the lens carrier 50. Data concerning the intraocular lens 51 is stored on the data carrier 57 or a storage medium. The data carrier 57 is an coded NFC chip or barcode, QR code, or similar storage chip or barcode, which is read by the control device 26 upon insertion. Furthermore, the data and / or parameters include at least one of the following: parameters concerning the authenticity and / or validity of the lens carrier (certificate), name, part number, manufacturing date, shelf life, serial number, and position in the beam path, adjustment value, calibration value, and focus as a function of the addition of the intraocular lens 51.

[0154] Figure 16 A visual acuity testing system 120 is shown for postoperative examination of at least one eye of a subject 18 in which an intraocular lens 51 is disposed. The system has a lens carrier receiver 25 for receiving a first lens carrier 55, wherein the lens carrier receiver 55 is sequentially mounted, from distal to proximal, between a corneal optic unit 40 and an ocular optic unit 45 on the central visual axis 21 of a beam path 22. A compensating lens 56 is provided to correct the corneal optic unit 40 and the ocular optic unit 45, which are arranged in the beam path 21 and within the lens carrier receiver 25. The visual acuity testing system 120 does not include a lens carrier 50 with an intraocular lens 51, but in other respects, its structure and function are similar to those of the subject 120. Figures 1 to 3 The vision testing system is the same as 20.

[0155] Figure 17 Another embodiment of the vision testing system 220 is shown. Besides... Figures 1 to 3 In addition to the visual acuity testing system 20 disclosed herein, this visual acuity testing system 220 also includes an adjustable lens 30 for adjusting refractive power, the adjustable lens being fixedly disposed at a support structure 23 on a lens carrier 31. It is also disposed in the beam path 22, in addition to the displacement of optical units 40, 45, and 51. The adjustable lens 30 and the lens carrier 31 are connected to a control device 26 for exchanging data and / or control commands. Therefore, in the method 100 described above, step b also allows the use of the adjustable lens 30 to adjust refractive power. The lens carrier 31 may include a storage medium containing data, as previously disclosed for the lens carrier 50.

[0156] Figure 18 Another embodiment of the vision testing system 320 is shown. Instead of according to... Figures 1 to 3The visual acuity testing system 20 includes a drive mechanism for moving the corneal optical unit. This system includes an adjustable lens 30 for adjusting refractive power, which is fixedly disposed on a support structure 23 on a lens carrier 31. The adjustable lens 30 is connected to a control device 26 for exchanging data and / or control commands. Therefore, in the method 100 described above, step b allows the use of the adjustable lens 30 to adjust refractive power without moving the corneal optical unit and / or lens carrier 50 of the intraocular lens 51.

[0157] Figure 17 or Figure 18 The position of the fixed adjustable lens 30 on the support structure 23 shown is one possible variation. The adjustable lens 30 may also be positioned between the display device 27 and the corneal optical unit 40, or integrated into the visual acuity optical unit 45, or located between the visual acuity optical unit 45 and the subject 19.

[0158] Figure 19 The defocus curve is shown. A defocus curve is a function that shows how a specific optical parameter, such as visual acuity S or contrast sensitivity K (in relative units), changes as the defocus value D (diopter) increases.

[0159] Reference List

[0160] 18 subjects

[0161] Iris of 1918

[0162] 20 Vision Testing System

[0163] 21-center visual axis

[0164] 22 beam paths

[0165] 23 Supporting Structure

[0166] 23a Chin or head support

[0167] 24 positioning devices

[0168] 25 Lens Carrier Container

[0169] 26 control devices

[0170] 27 display devices

[0171] 27a light source

[0172] 28 computing units

[0173] 29 Input Devices

[0174] 30 adjustable lenses

[0175] 3130 lens carrier

[0176] 40 corneal optical units

[0177] 4140 diverging lens

[0178] 4240 converging lens

[0179] 4342 lens surface

[0180] 45-eye optical units

[0181] 46 corrective lenses

[0182] Surface of the distal concave lens of 46a46

[0183] Surface of the distal convex lens of 46b46

[0184] 4745 diverging lens

[0185] 47a47 lens surface

[0186] 4845 converging lens

[0187] 48a48 lens surface

[0188] 50 lens carriers

[0189] 51 First intraocular lens

[0190] 52 storage media

[0191] 55 lens carrier

[0192] 56 compensating lenses

[0193] 57. Data carrier, storage medium

[0194] 100 methods

[0195] Preoperative steps of the 101–110 method

[0196] 111 implantation

[0197] Postoperative steps of method 112–119

[0198] 120 Vision Testing System

[0199] 220 Vision Testing System

[0200] 320 vision testing system

[0201] L-beam

[0202] N near vision range

[0203] I intermediate visual range

[0204] F Distance vision range

[0205] D diopter defocus value

[0206] S Vision

[0207] K contrast sensitivity

Claims

1. A method for examining at least one visual impression of a subject (18) by means of a visual acuity testing system (20; 120; 220; 320), wherein the visual acuity testing system (20; 120; 220; 320) includes a lens carrier receiving seat (25) for receiving at least one lens carrier (50; 55) and is sequentially mounted from distal to proximal on the central visual axis (21) of the beam path (22) between a corneal optical unit (40) and an ocular optical unit (45), the method comprising at least the following steps: a. Position the first lens carrier (50) with the first intraocular lens (51) in the lens carrier receiving seat (25) of the vision testing system (20; 120; 220; 320); b. Displace the corneal optical unit (40) with the intraocular lens (51) and the lens carrier housing (25) along the central visual axis (21), wherein the intraocular optical unit (45) maintains a fixed distance from at least one eye of the subject (18) and / or adjusts the refractive power by means of a fixed adjustable lens (30); c. Obtain at least one piece of information indicating the visual impression; d. Assign the at least one instruction to the first intraocular lens (51).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measurement represents at least one data value of a first visual acuity test using an object, wherein the at least one data value is specifically assigned to the first intraocular lens (51).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vision testing system (20; 120; 220; 320) includes a control device (26) and the first lens carrier (51; 55) includes a storage medium (52; 57), characterized in that, A first parameter is transmitted from the storage medium (52; 57) of the first lens carrier (51; 55) to the control device (26), wherein the control device (26) specifically causes at least a displacement of the lens carrier receiver (25) along the central visual axis (21).

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the vision testing system (20; 120; 220; 320) includes a computing unit (28), characterized in that, The at least one data value and / or the first parameter are processed in the computing unit (28).

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The selection algorithm in the calculation unit (28) compares at least one data value of the first intraocular lens (51) with another data value of the other intraocular lens (51).

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The measurement represents at least one additional data value used in a second vision test with an object.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, After step d, the compensating lens (56) is positioned in the lens carrier holder (25), and at least one vision test is performed.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the vision testing system (20; 120; 220; 320) comprises at least one light source (27a), characterized in that, During the vision test, the at least one light source (27a) is introduced into the beam path (21) of the vision test system (20; 120; 220; 320).

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an input device is provided, characterized in that, The subject (18) operates the input device (29) during at least one vision test to assign at least one of the measured data values.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, Record at least one defocus curve.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a positioning device (24) is provided, characterized in that, At least the first lens carrier (50) having the intraocular lens (51) is positioned in the lens carrier receiving seat (25), wherein, specifically, the control device (26) transmits data to the positioning device (24).

12. A vision testing system (20; 120; 220; 320) for examining at least one visual impression of a subject (18), comprising a lens carrier receiving seat (25) for receiving a first lens carrier (50, 55), wherein the lens carrier receiving seat (25) is sequentially mounted from distal to proximal between a corneal optical unit (40) and an ocular optical unit (45) on a central visual axis (21), and providing a control device (26) configured to perform at least one method for examining at least one visual impression of a subject (18) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A lens carrier (50) having at least one intraocular lens (51), wherein at least one data carrier (57) is disposed on the lens carrier (50), characterized in that, Data relating to the intraocular lens (51) and / or the lens carrier (50), specifically calibration data and / or adjustment data, are stored on the data carrier (57).

14. A computer program product comprising commands that, when executed by a computer of a vision testing system (20; 120; 220; 320), cause the computer of the vision testing system (20; 120; 220; 320) to perform the method according to claims 1 to 11.

15. A computer-readable data carrier having stored thereon the computer program product according to claim 14.

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