Method for supplying at least one low-voltage load and electronic power supply and / or distribution device

Abstract

In order to supply the output current (I) of the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) to at least one low-voltage load (2), a ), for output current (I a At least two overcurrent intervals (B1, B2) are defined, and each overcurrent interval is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration (t). B1max ;t B2max According to the present invention, the overcurrent intervals (B1, B2) at their heights (H1, H2) and their corresponding maximum overcurrent durations (t) B1max ;t B2max The electronic power supply and / or distribution unit (1, 20) can be adapted to the overcurrent requirements of the low-voltage load (2) in terms of quantity. As a result, the electronic power supply and / or distribution unit (1, 20) can also be adapted to the overcurrent requirements of the low-voltage load (2) more independently and therefore better.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for supplying output current of an electronic power supply and / or power distribution device to at least one low-voltage load according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, this invention relates to an electronic power supply and / or power distribution device according to the preamble of claim 11. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial automation technologies (such as discrete manufacturing or process technologies) or building automation, numerous electronic power supply devices are used to supply electrical power from the power grid to low-voltage electrical loads, such as control systems, sensors, pumps, valves, etc. For this purpose, the load is supplied with a suitable, typically pre-defined, voltage by the power supply device.

[0003] For this purpose, power supply units can implement devices, systems, or circuits for converting electrical energy supplied by power generators, energy storage devices, or power grids. Typically, a high voltage level at the input side of a single-phase or three-phase power grid, such as 400V or 230V, is converted to a lower and generally constant voltage level (e.g., using 24V or 48V DC as the rated output voltage) that is predefined for the load on the output side of the power supply unit.

[0004] Here, such a power supply device is typically implemented as a clock-type power supply or a switching power supply (sometimes also called a switching power supply device), and is known, for example, from EP 3322076 A1. It usually has a housing and can be mounted on a German standard rail.

[0005] Such clock-type power supplies or switching power supplies typically include, for example, an input stage in the form of a rectifier unit, intermediate circuitry, and a switching converter, through which they convert the AC voltage from the power grid into a DC voltage to power the load. Thus, the power supply converts a largely unstable input voltage into a constant output voltage to supply the electrical load, wherein the stability of the output voltage and / or output current is achieved by regulating the energy flow. Depending on the application or the demands of the corresponding load, the output voltage can be greater than or less than the input voltage.

[0006] A power distribution device can be understood, for example, as a device or module, a component or circuit of multiple modules, that distributes the current supplied by a power supply device (such as the energy conversion device or circuit mentioned in the opening section) to multiple branches, each supplying current to a low-voltage load. Such a power distribution device reliably monitors the current in each branch for overload and short circuit. Brief current spikes in a branch, for example due to high turn-on current, are allowed up to their maximum height. Therefore, branches with longer overloads or short circuits are current-limited or shut off, while uninterrupted supply continues to the remaining branches and the consumers connected thereto. For this purpose, most power semiconductors, such as MOSFETs, bipolar transistors, or similar devices, are inserted into the current path of the branches. Thus, complete failure of the automated system and the equipment it controls can be avoided. Due to this selective protection of each branch, such a power distribution device is often also called a "safety module" or "selection module." Here, the current limiting and / or switching in the branches is typically achieved by means of electronic switching elements connected to the branches. Known safety modules or selection modules, for example, provide up to eight branches or outputs, each with a maximum output current of up to 10A. Such safety modules or selection modules are known, for example, from EP 2764592 B1.

[0007] The low-voltage loads in the aforementioned application areas may have a temporary need for increased output load and output current, such as during startup or during switching processes. Therefore, high-quality switching power supplies sometimes provide the ability to supply loads for limited periods, accepting more current and power than the power supply unit nominally provides.

[0008] Because the increased power demand is typically only for short periods and must simultaneously meet the power supply's requirements for minimal cooling and limited structural space, this type of switching power supply is designed only for short-term overload. This means the device can even provide more power than its nominal value, but the increased power is only provided for a short time to prevent overheating. Therefore, a longer cooling period is required after the increased power is provided.

[0009] It is already known that the maximum possible time for short-term overload is limited according to the degree of overload.

[0010] Therefore, for example, in a known switching power supply device, two directly adjacent overcurrent regions are defined for the output current, the overcurrent regions (e.g., for the rated current I of the power supply device) N (Or the continuous short-circuit current) is above a threshold and each is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration. Therefore, the maximum overcurrent duration can be selected to avoid unacceptably high thermal loads on the power supply device. Generally, the higher the overcurrent range, the shorter the maximum overcurrent duration.

[0011] Here, "overcurrent" is understood as a current greater than the rated current. The "overcurrent range" is defined by an upper and lower boundary. The upper boundary is defined by the larger value of the overcurrent, and the lower boundary is defined by the smaller value of the overcurrent. The "height" of the overcurrent range is defined by the difference between the higher and lower values ​​of the boundary.

[0012] For example, it is possible to define the following two overcurrent ranges and the maximum overcurrent duration:

[0013] Therefore, it is possible to send more current or power than the nominal value from the switching power supply during the so-called overcurrent duration. When the maximum overcurrent duration expires, the increased current or power output is disabled and the cooling phase is activated. Summary of the Invention

[0014] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method or power supply and / or distribution device that can improve power supply for low-voltage loads.

[0015] This objective is achieved by the method according to claim 1 and the power supply and / or distribution device according to claim 13. Advantageous designs are described in the dependent claims.

[0016] In the method according to the invention for supplying output current of an electronic power supply and / or distribution device to at least one low-voltage load, at least two (preferably directly adjacent) overcurrent intervals are defined for the output current, each assigned a maximum overcurrent duration. Here, the overcurrent intervals are adapted in their height, their respective maximum overcurrent durations, and / or their number to meet the overcurrent requirements of the low-voltage load. Preferably, the overcurrent intervals are arranged above a threshold for the output current, for example, at the rated current I of the power supply and / or distribution device. N Or above the continuous short-circuit current.

[0017] Depending on whether the load has a very high overcurrent demand for a very short time or a low overcurrent demand for a longer time, it is possible to individually adapt, within the thermal load limits of the power supply and / or distribution unit, in terms of its height, its corresponding maximum overcurrent duration, and / or its quantity, to the low-voltage load connected to the output side of the power supply and / or distribution unit. For example, the power supply and / or distribution unit can be adapted to short-term limited overload operation of an engine. This allows for more independent and therefore better power supply to low-voltage loads.

[0018] For example, it is possible to provide users of electronic power supply and / or power distribution equipment with multiple different overload curves, which then allow overcurrent ranges to be defined in terms of their number, height, and maximum overcurrent duration.

[0019] For example, according to the following table, three overload curves P1 to P3 can be provided, each with the same number of overcurrent intervals B1 and B2, but with different heights and partially different corresponding maximum overcurrent durations, wherein these intervals correspond to the rated current I of the power supply and / or distribution equipment. N The aspect is limited:

[0020] Here, the overcurrent sections are directly adjacent and arranged at the rated current I of the power supply and / or distribution equipment. N Above.

[0021] According to another example, three overload curves N1 to N3 can be provided to users of power supply and / or distribution equipment according to the following table. These overload curves each have a different number of overcurrent intervals and sometimes different levels and different distributions of maximum overcurrent duration, wherein these intervals are relative to the rated current I of the power supply and / or distribution equipment. N Limited to:

[0022] Here, the overcurrent sections are directly adjacent and arranged at the rated current I of the power supply and / or distribution equipment. N Above.

[0023] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, two or more distinct overload curves are provided for selection by the user of the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device, particularly through the user interface of the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device. A first overload curve comprises at least two overcurrent intervals, and one or more additional overload curves also comprise at least two overcurrent intervals. The overcurrent intervals of the two or more overload curves are different in terms of their height, corresponding maximum overcurrent duration, and / or number. Therefore, the overload curve selected by the user defines the overcurrent interval of the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device in terms of its height, corresponding maximum overcurrent duration, and number.

[0024] Electronic power supply and / or power distribution devices can be implemented, for example, as devices, systems, or circuits for converting electrical energy supplied by power generators, energy storage devices, or power grids, particularly switching power supplies or switching power supply devices. Therefore, the output current can relate to the current at the output terminal of the device, system, or circuit.

[0025] However, electronic power supply and / or power distribution devices can also be implemented as safety modules or selection modules with multiple branches, and the output current can involve the current at the output terminal of the branch of the module.

[0026] The electronic power supply and / or power distribution unit may also include multiple interconnected safety modules or selection modules, each having one or more branches, all supplied with the same supply voltage and preferably exchanging information or notifying a higher-level authority via corresponding load conditions, and capable of feeding back switching commands when necessary. The electronic power supply and / or power distribution unit may also include a combination of a power supply unit (e.g., a converter as described previously) and multiple selection modules (as described previously), wherein, in overload conditions, the smaller overload capacity of each converter or selection module defines the maximum possible overload capacity.

[0027] According to an advantageous design of the method of the invention, an output current of an electronic power supply and / or power distribution device is supplied to each of a plurality of low-voltage loads, wherein each output current in the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device is defined with at least two overcurrent intervals, each overcurrent interval being assigned a maximum overcurrent duration, wherein the overcurrent intervals are adaptable to the overcurrent requirements of the respective low-voltage loads in terms of their respective heights, their respective maximum overcurrent durations and / or their respective numbers.

[0028] Here, the adaptation of the overcurrent range can be achieved in a very user-friendly manner through the user interface of the power supply and / or power distribution device. The user interface can be, for example, a graphical user interface (e.g., a monitor) integrated into the power supply and / or power distribution device. However, it can also be a user interface through which a special device with a graphical user interface (e.g., a laptop or smartphone) can connect to the power supply and / or power distribution device via the Internet or other communication media.

[0029] Therefore, in a particularly advantageous design of the method according to the invention, the overcurrent range, via power supply and / or distribution equipment, is adaptable to the overcurrent requirements of low-voltage loads in terms of its height, its corresponding maximum overcurrent duration, and / or its quantity.

[0030] According to an advantageous design, within an overcurrent interval, the output current is supplied only for the maximum duration, which corresponds to the maximum overcurrent duration of the corresponding overcurrent interval. In other words, the output current is supplied only for the maximum overcurrent duration of the corresponding overcurrent interval, provided that the output current is only temporarily held (or remains) within the overcurrent interval, i.e., the output current does not leave the overcurrent interval. Therefore, this maximum overcurrent duration can be limited to a level that prevents the power supply and / or distribution equipment from thermally overloaded by the current supply.

[0031] However, it is also possible to consider a predetermined value within the maximum overcurrent duration corresponding to the maximum overcurrent range used to provide the output current. By reducing the maximum overcurrent duration in this way, for example, the load can be properly protected, or the desired curve of the output current can be appropriately adjusted.

[0032] If the current leaves the overcurrent range during this period, then the maximum duration also depends on the corresponding cooling time.

[0033] According to another advantageous design, the output current is supplied only for the maximum duration within multiple overcurrent intervals, the maximum duration depending on the residence time of the output current in the corresponding overcurrent interval. In other words, when the output current is only temporarily held (or resides) within multiple overcurrent intervals, i.e., the output current has not temporarily left the multiple overcurrent intervals, the output current is supplied only for the maximum overcurrent duration, the maximum overcurrent duration depending on the residence time of the output current in the corresponding overcurrent interval. Therefore, this maximum duration can be limited such that the power supply and / or distribution device is not thermally overloaded by the current supply. An example of this is when the output current enters the first overcurrent interval and remains in multiple overcurrent intervals until the output current leaves the last of the overcurrent intervals.

[0034] The idea here is that, even if the maximum overcurrent duration assigned to an overcurrent zone is not fully utilized, there is a thermal reserve of current in one or more other, different overcurrent zones that can also be fully utilized. Finally, the thermal load of the power supply and / or distribution unit is determined by the total corresponding residence time of the output current in the different overcurrent zones.

[0035] Therefore, it is possible to exchange or replace the output current between multiple overcurrent zones, with the maximum duration automatically adapting to the overload current supply. Consequently, the power supply and / or distribution equipment can automatically adapt to low-voltage loads, meaning it is "adaptive" to a certain extent in terms of low-voltage loads. Therefore, users do not need to delve into the power requirements of their low-voltage loads.

[0036] If the current leaves multiple overcurrent zones during this period, then the maximum duration also depends on the corresponding cooling time.

[0037] When the maximum duration expires, the output current is limited to a predetermined value or interrupted. Preferably, the predetermined value for limiting is located below the lowest overcurrent range, such as the rated current or continuous short-circuit current of the power supply and / or distribution unit. Here, the predetermined value can depend on one or more parameters, such as ambient temperature, cooling conditions, or the input voltage of the power supply and / or distribution unit. Therefore, the predetermined value can also be dynamically determined only a short time before the current limiting point.

[0038] Under this current-limited condition, the output voltage is subsequently reduced under the continued increased load. Therefore, this operating state can be achieved either without time limitation or with time limitation. In the time-unlimited operating state, the reduced output power or reduced output current continues to be supplied throughout the cooling phase. In the time-limited operating state, the device can be shut down at the end of the time limitation. It can then be restarted either manually or by a control system present in or outside the power supply and / or distribution system after shutdown and the associated cooling phase, thus enabling a restart.

[0039] The overload behavior described above can be implemented very simply by equipping each overcurrent section with a counter.

[0040] Using this counter, the thermal load of the power supply and / or distribution unit can be determined very simply by referring to the corresponding overcurrent range. Therefore, the counter reading represents the degree to which the thermal capacity or thermal reserve of the power supply and / or distribution unit at a given point in time is fully utilized due to the corresponding overcurrent range; in other words, how much heat can be tolerated in the given overcurrent range before reaching the limit temperature of at least one component.

[0041] The overload current time associated with the corresponding heat of the power supply and / or distribution equipment can be taken into account, such that when the output current is within its corresponding overcurrent range, the counter changes its counter reading in a first direction (e.g., increases). Cooling time can be taken into account, such that when the output current is below its corresponding overcurrent range, particularly when the output current is limited to a predetermined value at the end of its maximum duration, the counter changes its counter reading in a second direction opposite to the first direction (e.g., decreases).

[0042] Therefore, the rate of change of the counter reading in the first direction (e.g., increasing) or the second direction (e.g., decreasing) can directly reflect the increase or decrease of the thermal load due to the corresponding output current. Generally, the higher the current, and the faster it changes (e.g., decreases) the counter reading due to the reduction of thermal load through cooling, the faster the rate of change of the counter reading in the first direction (e.g., increasing).

[0043] Therefore, counters in different current ranges can count at different rates. For example, a counter in a lower current range can count at a lower rate than a counter in a higher current range. This allows for different heating rates, which, in the simplest case, is limited by the fact that a higher current I, according to the relationship P... V =R I 2 (where P) V =Thermal losses (R = ohmic resistance) cause disproportionately increased losses in a given parasitic resistance, such as in a semiconductor or coil component.

[0044] The maximum overcurrent duration assigned to the corresponding overcurrent range can be limited by predetermined conditions of the counter reading (e.g., maximum value) used for the counter.

[0045] Therefore, when the output current is reduced to within one of the overcurrent ranges, according to a particularly simple design, the maximum duration of overload current is achieved when the counter belonging to the overcurrent range meets predetermined conditions (e.g., reaches a limited maximum value).

[0046] Therefore, when the aforementioned output current is reduced to within multiple overcurrent intervals, according to a particularly simple design, the maximum duration of overload current is achieved when the combination (e.g., and) of the counter readings of the counters belonging to the multiple overcurrent intervals satisfies a predetermined condition (e.g., reaching a defined maximum value).

[0047] Therefore, when at least one of the counters reaches a counter reading that is different from (e.g., lower) than the time at which the current limit occurs, the limitation of the output current to the defined value can be lifted. The duration of the output current limitation can also be adjusted, provided it is thermally interchangeable. The duration until the current limit is lifted can also depend on one or more parameters, such as ambient temperature, cooling conditions, or the input voltage of the power supply and / or distribution unit.

[0048] According to another advantageous design, the height of the overcurrent range is less than 1 / 10 of the rated current of the power supply and / or distribution equipment. Therefore, multiple overcurrent ranges or characteristics can be provided, which allows for the adaptive reproduction of the Io of the power protection switch in ideal conditions with respect to the load. 2t Operating characteristics. This allows for very high starting currents for short periods, but subsequent long periods of minor engine overload still result in current limitations. Limitations on the height and number of overcurrent zones can be determined, where possible, by measuring the output current within the resolution limits of the A / D (digital-to-analog) converter.

[0049] In the aforementioned method of supplying output current to each of a plurality of low-voltage loads with electronic power supply and / or power distribution devices, according to another advantageous embodiment, the maximum duration of providing one of the output currents within one overcurrent interval of an overcurrent interval defined for the output current or within a plurality of overcurrent intervals defined for the output current depends on at least one of the plurality of output currents.

[0050] The idea here is that the thermal load capacity of the power supply and / or distribution unit, which remains free but unused for one or more of the other output currents at the same time (i.e., its "overload share"), can be used for one or more of the other output currents in order to increase the maximum duration of overload current supply. This can be achieved, for example, according to a defined priority order of the output currents.

[0051] When using a counter, it can be very easily achieved by monitoring the counter readings of all counters from a higher level. For example, it can be checked whether the combination of the counter readings of all counters, in particular, meets a predetermined condition (e.g., a maximum value), and depending on the maximum duration for which the first output current (or another output current) is provided.

[0052] Therefore, the overload management of the upper level can allocate the existing overload share to each output current.

[0053] Subsequently, it may be important, for example, that the output circuits for the output current are thermally interconnected, for example, via a common cooling body, a common choke for the sum of the output currents, a common 0V terminal for the output currents, etc.

[0054] Here, due to the situation where each output and its thermal load, as well as the possible limitations of the thermal connections between the outputs, must follow the model and use the overloads that have not yet been invoked in order to avoid local overheating.

[0055] The objective of the invention is also achieved by an electronic power supply and / or power distribution device designed to provide at least one output current for supplying a low-voltage load, wherein at least two overcurrent intervals are defined for the output current, each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration. Here, the overcurrent intervals are adaptable in their height, their respective maximum overcurrent durations, and / or their number to the overcurrent requirements of the low-voltage load.

[0056] Power supply and / or power distribution equipment can be implemented, for example, as a device, system, or circuit for converting electrical energy supplied by a power generator, energy storage device, or power grid, particularly a switching power supply or switching power supply device. Therefore, the output current can relate to the current at the output terminal of the device, system, or circuit.

[0057] The power supply and / or distribution device can also be implemented as a safety module or selection module with multiple branches, and the output current can involve the current at the output terminal of the branch of the module.

[0058] According to one design, the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device is designed to provide multiple output currents for supplying low-voltage loads respectively, wherein each output current is defined with at least two overcurrent intervals, each overcurrent interval is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration, and wherein the overcurrent intervals are adapted to the overcurrent requirements of the respective low-voltage loads in terms of their respective heights, their respective maximum overcurrent durations, and / or their respective numbers.

[0059] To accommodate overcurrent ranges, power supply and / or distribution equipment may include a user interface.

[0060] According to another advantageous design, the power supply and / or distribution device is designed to provide output current only for a maximum duration within an overcurrent interval, the maximum duration being consistent with the maximum overcurrent duration belonging to the corresponding overcurrent interval, or the maximum duration being consistent with a predetermined value within the maximum overcurrent duration.

[0061] According to a particularly preferred design, the power supply and / or distribution device is designed to provide a corresponding output current for a maximum duration only within multiple overcurrent intervals, the maximum duration depending on the residence time of the output current in the corresponding overcurrent interval.

[0062] Preferably, the power supply and / or distribution equipment is designed to limit the output current to a defined value or interrupt it when the maximum duration expires.

[0063] According to a particularly preferred design, the power supply and / or distribution equipment has a counter for each of the overcurrent sections.

[0064] According to another advantageous design, the power supply and / or distribution device is designed such that when the output current is within its assigned overcurrent range, the counter changes its counter reading in a first direction, and preferably, when the output current is below its assigned overcurrent range, particularly when the output current is limited to a predetermined value at the end of the maximum duration, its counter reading changes in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0065] Therefore, counters in different overcurrent ranges can count at different speeds.

[0066] Therefore, when the output current drops to within one of the overcurrent intervals, the maximum duration of the overload current is preferably achieved when the counter belonging to the overcurrent interval meets a predetermined condition (e.g., reaches a defined maximum value).

[0067] Therefore, when the aforementioned output current drops to within multiple overcurrent intervals, the maximum duration of overload current is preferably achieved when the combination (e.g., and) of the counter readings of the counters belonging to the multiple overcurrent intervals satisfies a predetermined condition (e.g., reaching a defined maximum value).

[0068] According to another advantageous design, the power supply and / or distribution device is designed to cancel limiting the output current to a defined value when at least one of the counters reaches a counter reading that is different from (e.g., lower) at the time when the current limit occurs.

[0069] According to another advantageous design, the height of the overcurrent range is less than 1 / 10 of the rated current of the power supply and / or distribution equipment.

[0070] In the aforementioned electronic power supply and / or distribution device for providing multiple output currents for supplying low-voltage loads respectively, according to an advantageous embodiment, the maximum duration of providing one of the output currents within one overcurrent interval of an overcurrent interval defined for the output current or within multiple overcurrent intervals defined for the output current depends on at least one of the multiple output currents.

[0071] According to another advantageous design, the electronic power supply and / or distribution device is designed to provide the user of the power supply and / or distribution device, in particular through the user interface of the power supply and / or distribution device, with two or more different overload curves for selection, wherein a first overload curve of the overload curves includes at least two overcurrent intervals, and one or more other overload curves of the overload curves also include at least two overcurrent intervals, wherein the overcurrent intervals of the two or more overload curves are different in terms of their height, corresponding maximum overcurrent duration and / or number.

[0072] According to another advantageous design, the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device includes a user interface, and the overcurrent range is adaptable to the overcurrent requirements of the corresponding low-voltage load in terms of its height, its corresponding maximum overcurrent duration and / or its quantity.

[0073] Accordingly, the advantages described for the method according to the invention also apply to the power supply and / or power distribution devices according to the invention.

[0074] Advantageous designs of the methods according to the invention and the power supply and / or distribution apparatus according to the invention can also be applied in principle in the methods of the preamble of claim 1 or in the power supply and / or distribution apparatus of the preamble of claim 13, that is, in methods or power supply and / or distribution apparatuses that prevent the overcurrent range from being adapted to the overcurrent requirements of low-voltage loads in terms of its height, maximum overcurrent duration and / or its quantity. Attached Figure Description

[0075] The invention, along with other advantageous designs based on the features of the dependent claims, will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. The drawings illustrate: Figure 1 A schematic structure of a power supply device with a single output current according to the present invention is shown. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an overload curve with two overcurrent ranges is shown. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an overload curve with four overcurrent ranges is shown. Figure 4 Show Figure 3 The first exemplary curve of the output current in the overcurrent range, Figure 5 Show Figure 3 The second exemplary curve of the output current in the overcurrent range, Figure 6 Show Figure 3 The third exemplary curve of the output current in the overcurrent range, Figure 7 Show Figure 3 The fourth exemplary curve of the output current in the overcurrent range, Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an overload curve with an overcurrent range having a height less than 1 / 10 of the rated current is shown. Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a power supply device having multiple branches and output current according to the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0076] Figure 1 The electronic power supply device 1 according to the present invention is schematically illustrated as an exemplary implementation of a clock-type power supply device or a switching power supply (switching power supply device).

[0077] The power supply unit has a housing 4 and is designed to be fastened to a German standard rail. Therefore, it can be installed in an electrical cabinet with particular ease.

[0078] Typically, clock-driven power supply and / or distribution devices implemented as switching power supplies (switching power supply units) include a power section and open-loop and / or closed-loop control units (hereinafter referred to as "controllers") for driving the power section. The power section mainly consists of converters, among which different examples are known, such as flyback converters, forward converters, push-pull converters, boost converters, buck converters, etc. Furthermore, depending on the current forms present at the input and output terminals, they are classified as DC-DC converters, AC-DC converters, or DC-AC converters.

[0079] According to Figure 1 In this embodiment, the low-voltage DC load 2 (hereinafter referred to as the "load") should be supplied by an AC voltage source U. e The supply is thus provided, and therefore an AC-DC converter is used. However, it is not limited to this, but other types of converters can also be used within the scope of this invention.

[0080] Preferably, the AC-DC converter includes a resonant converter, as exemplarily described in EP 3322076 A1, but is not limited thereto.

[0081] Therefore, the power supply device 1 includes a rectifier unit GL, a first conversion stage W1, an intermediate circuit Z, and a second conversion stage W2.

[0082] Power supply unit 1 is connected to AC voltage source U on the input side. e Or a three-phase power supply voltage U with three phases L1, L2, L3 e Power supply voltage U e The input voltage for the rectifier unit GL used in the power supply device 1 is formed. The power supply voltage U is rectified by, for example, a 6-pulse rectifier unit GL. e .

[0083] The voltage conversion ratio can be adjusted to be at least less than or equal to 1, and optionally greater than 1, through the first conversion stage W1. The first conversion stage W1 has a buck converter function. That is, the first conversion stage W1 can be implemented as a buck converter, or use a converter with buck converter function, such as a buck-boost converter, a forward converter, a Cuk converter, a SEPIC converter, etc. The first conversion stage W1 is connected to the rectifier unit GL on the input side. The output voltage of the rectifier unit GL (in principle, the rectified power supply voltage U) e The input voltage of the first conversion stage W1 is formed. The output voltage of the first conversion stage W1 forms the intermediate circuit voltage U in the intermediate circuit Z. z .

[0084] The second converter stage W2 is connected to the first converter stage W1 on the input side. The second converter stage W2 is implemented as a resonant converter, specifically a so-called LLC converter. The intermediate circuit voltage U... z Alternatively, the output voltage of the first converter stage W1 can form the input voltage of the second converter stage W2 or the resonant converter W2.

[0085] The intermediate circuit Z may include, for example, an intermediate circuit capacitor C. Additional components, such as additional capacitors for improving EMV characteristics, may also be connected to the intermediate circuit Z.

[0086] On the output side, the power supply unit 1 can be electrically connected to or connected to the load 2 via the energy bus 3 (as shown here) or alternatively directly (not shown). Multiple loads can also be connected in parallel to the energy bus 3, thereby supplying electrical energy.

[0087] By adjusting the energy flow through the converter stages W1 and W2 using a controller K with optimized digital operation, the mostly unstable input voltage U is transformed. e Converted into a regulated output voltage U for supplying load 2. a (For example, a DC voltage of 28V or 48V). Here, the rectifier unit GL and the first converter stage W1 work together to generate a constant intermediate circuit voltage U. z Therefore, the downstream second conversion stage W2 is used to regulate the output voltage U. a and output current I a .

[0088] To regulate the energy flow via conversion stages W1 and W2, which have electronic switching elements (not shown in detail), the controller K can control the energy flow via control parameter S. W1 S W2 Drive and control.

[0089] In addition, the power supply device 1 includes a device for measuring the output current I. a The current measuring device 5 (e.g., for measuring resistance) and the device for measuring output voltage U a Voltage measuring device 6. Current measuring device 5 provides output current I to controller K. a The simulated measurement value M a Furthermore, the voltage measuring device 6 provides the output voltage U to the controller K. a The simulated measurement value M Ua It then undergoes A / D conversion at the input of controller K.

[0090] Therefore, power supply unit 1 provides a regulated output DC voltage U to load 2 on the output side. a and the regulated output DC current I aFor example, the nominal DC voltage is 48V (rated voltage), and the nominal DC current is 60A (rated current).

[0091] Load 2 can temporarily reduce the output current I a Alternatively, there may be a demand for increased output power, such as during startup or switching processes. Therefore, power supply unit 1 is capable of providing load 2 with more current and power for a limited time than it can nominally provide. To avoid thermal overload of power supply unit 1, the increased current or power is only provided for the limited time. A longer cooling period is then required.

[0092] Here, the maximum permissible time for short-term overload depends on the degree of overload limitation. Therefore, the output current I is specified in controller K. a Define two or more directly adjacent overcurrent intervals B1, B2, ..., which are located at the threshold (here, the rated current I). N Above, and each is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration.

[0093] to this end, Figure 2 For output current I a An example is given regarding time t, with each having a separately assigned maximum overcurrent duration t. B1max , t B2max The overload curves for the two overcurrent ranges B1 and B2. The overcurrent range is at the rated current I. N The aspect is limited and located at the rated current I N Above.

[0094]

[0095] Maximum overcurrent duration t B1max t B2max The selection is made to avoid unacceptably high thermal loads on power supply unit 1. Generally, the higher the overcurrent range, the shorter the duration.

[0096] The overcurrent intervals are defined by an upper interval boundary and a lower interval boundary. The upper interval boundary is defined by the larger value of the overload current, and the lower interval boundary is defined by the smaller value of the overload current. The "height" H1 or H2 of the overcurrent intervals B1 or B2 is defined by the difference between the higher and lower values ​​of the interval boundaries.

[0097] To better understand, Figure 2 The output current I is shown. a The diagram regarding time t is only a theoretical representation and is not to scale (the same applies to the diagrams shown later). Figures 3 to 8 ).

[0098] The user of power supply 1 can adapt the overcurrent ranges B1 and B2 defined in controller K to the overcurrent requirements of low-voltage load 2 in terms of their height, their respective maximum overcurrent duration, and / or their quantity. For this purpose, power supply 1 or controller K has a user interface 10. User interface 10 can be a graphical user interface (e.g., a display) integrated into power supply 1. However, it can also be a user interface 10 through which a specific device with a graphical user interface (e.g., a laptop or smartphone) can connect to power supply 1 via the Internet or other communication media.

[0099] Depending on whether the load has a very high overcurrent demand in a very short time or a low overcurrent demand in a longer time, the overcurrent range can therefore be adapted to load 2 independently. This allows load 2 to be powered more independently and thus more effectively.

[0100] According to the first example, the following table provides the user with three overload curves P1 to P3, each with the same number of overcurrent ranges but different heights and partially different maximum overcurrent durations, via the interface 10 of the power supply device 1, for selection:

[0101] Here, the overcurrent range is located at the rated current I of power supply device 1. N Above.

[0102] Based on the second example, the following table provides users with three overload curves N1 to N3, each with a different number of overcurrent intervals, partially different heights, and different maximum overcurrent durations, for selection:

[0103] to this end, Figure 3 For output current I a An example is given regarding time t, showing four overcurrent zones B1, B2, B3, B4 and corresponding heights H1, H2, H3, H4, and a maximum overcurrent duration t. B1max , t B2max , t B3max , t B4max The curve.

[0104] Controller K detects output current I a and output voltage U a Furthermore, the corresponding drive and control protection of the transformation stages W1 and W2 ensures the adjustment of the overload behavior described below.

[0105] Within one of the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, or B4, i.e., within the output current I... aWhen only temporarily staying within the overcurrent range, only during the maximum overcurrent duration t corresponding to the corresponding range. B1max , t B2max , t B3max or t B4max The maximum overcurrent duration provides the output current I a .

[0106] The output current I will be released when the maximum duration expires. a The current is limited to a specified value, which is preferably located below the lowermost overcurrent range B1, in this case, for example, the rated current I. N However, it is also possible to limit the continuous short-circuit current of power supply device 1.

[0107] Here, the limit value can also depend on one or more parameters, such as ambient temperature, cooling conditions, or the input voltage of the power supply. Therefore, the limit value can also be dynamically determined only before the point in time when the current limit occurs.

[0108] to this end, Figure 4 An example is shown for use according to Figure 3 The curve with respect to time t represents the overload current I provided by load 2. a1 It jumps into the overcurrent interval B3 at time t=0 and remains there thereafter. This is evident from the fact that it only remains within the maximum overcurrent duration t assigned to interval B3. B3max Provide overload current I a1 And the overload current is subsequently limited to the rated current I. N .

[0109] However, it is also possible to consider using it to provide the output current I via the user interface 10. a The maximum duration is limited to the maximum overcurrent duration t of the overcurrent range. B3max The pre-defined value t max By reducing the maximum overcurrent duration in this way, the load can be properly protected, or the output current I can be appropriately adjusted. a The desired curve.

[0110] to this end, Figure 5 An example is shown for use according to Figure 3 The curve with respect to time t represents the overload current I provided by load 2. a2 It jumps into the overcurrent interval B3 at time t=0 and remains within the overcurrent interval B3 thereafter. However, the user presets a duration t for the overcurrent interval B3 that is shorter than the maximum overcurrent duration t of the overcurrent interval B3. B3max Maximum overcurrent duration t max It is evident that this only applies up to the user-set maximum overcurrent duration t.max Provide overload current I a2 And the overload current is subsequently limited to the rated current I. N .

[0111] If the output current I a If you leave the overcurrent zone B3 during this period, the maximum duration will also depend on the corresponding cooldown time.

[0112] Within multiple overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, or B4, i.e., within the output current I... a When only temporarily residing within these multiple overcurrent ranges, the output current I is provided only for the maximum duration. a The maximum duration depends on the output current I. a The dwell time in the flow interval.

[0113] to this end, Figure 6 It shows the target according to Figure 3 The output current I in the four overcurrent zones B1, B2, B3, and B4 a3 The curve jumps into the overcurrent interval B4 at time t=0, and then gradually decreases through overcurrent intervals B3, B2, and B1. Here, only the maximum duration t is considered. max Provide output current I a3 The maximum duration depends on the output current I. a3 The residence time in the flow intervals B1, B2, B3, and B4.

[0114] Therefore, it is possible to achieve an output current I between the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, and B4. a The power supply unit 1 can automatically adapt to the overload current supply during the exchange or replacement process, with the maximum duration automatically adjusting to the overload current supply. Therefore, the power supply unit 1 can automatically adapt to the load 2, meaning it is "adaptive" to a certain extent in relation to the load 2. Thus, the user does not need to delve into the power requirements of their load 2.

[0115] During the maximum duration t max When it expires, the output current I will be used. a3 Limit to rated current I N .

[0116] If the current leaves the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, and B4 during this period, then the maximum duration t max Additionally, it also depends on the corresponding cooling time.

[0117] Figure 7 As for the basis Figure 3 Another example of the four overcurrent zones B1, B2, B3, and B4 shows the output current I. a4The curve initially rises through all flow intervals B1, B2, and B3 into flow interval B4, and then gradually declines again through flow intervals B3, B2, and B1. Here, we only consider the maximum duration t. max Provide output current I a4 The maximum duration depends on the output current I. a4 The residence time in the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, and B4, and subsequently, in the embodiment, the current being guided to the rated current I in the overcurrent range B1 for current limiting. N However, in other stored current profiles and dwell times, current limiting can also be achieved in the previous overcurrent range, for example, based on the output current I. a5 As shown, it only rises into the overcurrent range B3, and is subsequently limited to the rated current I in the overcurrent range B2. N .

[0118] In order to determine the basis Figures 2 to 7 In the embodiments, the maximum duration of the overload current is specified, and each of the overcurrent intervals is equipped with a counter.

[0119] exist Figure 2 In this case, overcurrent section B1 is equipped with counter Z1, and overcurrent section B2 is equipped with counter Z2. Figures 3 to 7 In this case, each of the overcurrent intervals B1, B2, B3, and B4 is equipped with a counter Z1, Z2, Z3, or Z4.

[0120] Another implementation now relates to, according to Figures 3 to 7 The embodiments described herein, but also applicable to those according to Figure 2 Examples of implementations.

[0121] Counters Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 are used to determine the thermal loading (heating) or unloading (cooling) of power supply device 1 through the corresponding overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, or B4.

[0122] The power supply device 1 is considered to be thermally loaded (heated) in one of the corresponding overcurrent intervals, such that when the output current is within the overcurrent interval, the counter belonging to the overcurrent interval changes its counter reading in the first direction (e.g., its counter reading increases).

[0123] Thermal unloading (cooling) of power supply unit 1 in the overcurrent range is taken into account, so that when the output current I... a Located below its corresponding overcurrent range, especially when the output current I a During the maximum duration t max Upon expiration, the current is limited to a predetermined value, such as the rated current I. NWhen the current is applied, the counter assigned to the overcurrent zone changes its counter reading in a second direction opposite to the first direction (e.g., its counter reading decreases).

[0124] Preferably, counters that count in the same manner are used.

[0125] Counters Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 are based on Figure 1 In the embodiments, it is implemented directly in the controller K, but it can also be implemented in a device outside the controller K that is connected to the controller K.

[0126] Therefore, the counter reading simply represents the extent to which the power supply unit 1 experiences the thermal load present at a given point in time through the corresponding assigned overcurrent intervals B1, B2, B3 or B4.

[0127] Therefore, the rate at which the counter reading increases or decreases directly indicates the flow of the thermal load through the corresponding output current I. a The increase or decrease. Generally, the higher the current, and the faster it decreases compared to the rate at which the counter reading decreases due to the reduction of thermal load through cooling, the faster the counter reading will increase.

[0128] Therefore, counters in different current ranges can count at different speeds. For example, a counter in a lower current range can count at a lower speed than a counter in a higher current range.

[0129] For example in Figure 3 In the case of the curve shown, the counter used for the overcurrent section B1 starts from the initial value of 0 and its value at t B1max The counter counts upwards at the rate that it reaches its maximum value (e.g., 100) after 10 seconds. The counter used for the overcurrent range B2 starts from an initial value of 0 and counts upwards at t... B2max After 5 seconds (e.g., 5 seconds), the counters count upwards at their maximum value (e.g., 100). Correspondingly, the counters for overcurrent sections B3 and B4 start from their initial value of 0 and count upwards at t... B3max (e.g., 1s) or t B4max The count goes up after reaching its corresponding maximum value (e.g., 100) after 25ms (e.g., 25ms).

[0130] Therefore, the maximum overcurrent duration assigned to the corresponding overcurrent range can be limited by the maximum value of the assigned counter (e.g., 100).

[0131] In the aforementioned combination Figure 4 The output current I described aIf the current is maintained only within the overcurrent range B3, the maximum duration of overload current is achieved when the counter Z3 associated with the overcurrent range B3 reaches its maximum value (e.g., 100).

[0132] In the aforementioned combination Figure 5 If the preset value is less than the maximum overcurrent duration of the overcurrent duration belonging to the interval, the maximum value of the counter can be reduced (e.g., from 100 to 90).

[0133] In the joint Figure 6 and Figure 7 The output current I described a When the current drops to the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, B4, the maximum duration of overload current is provided when the sum of the counter readings of counters Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 belonging to the overcurrent ranges B1, B2, B3, B4 reaches a defined maximum value (e.g., 100).

[0134] When the output current I a During the maximum duration t max When the time limit is reached, it results in cooling (i.e., a reduction in thermal load) (see [reference]). Figures 4 to 7 Limit to rated current I N This results in a corresponding decrease in the counter readings of counters Z1 to Z4.

[0135] Therefore, when at least one of the counters Z1 to Z4 reaches a counter reading that is different from (lower in this case) at the time when the current limit occurs, the output current I can be canceled. a Limit to a specified value (here, the rated current I). N The counter reading can be, for example, the initial value of the counter (e.g., 0). Then, preferably, when all counters Z1 to Z4 reach their respective initial values ​​(e.g., 0), the output current I is canceled. a Limit to a specified value.

[0136] The duration of the current limit can also be adjusted, provided it is thermally interchangeable. The duration until the current limit is lifted can also depend on one or more parameters, such as ambient temperature, cooling conditions, or the input voltage of the power supply.

[0137] exist Figure 8 In the advantageous design shown, multiple overcurrent intervals B are defined. X Among them, the overcurrent interval B X Height H X Less than 1 / 10 of the rated current I of power supply unit 1. Here, the overcurrent range B... XThe height and maximum current duration can be the same or different. Therefore, by utilizing the overcurrent range, the I of the power protection switch can be ideally reproduced in terms of load 2 under the condition of "adaptive" operation. 2 The operating characteristics of the motor allow for very high starting currents for short periods, but subsequent long periods of low overload will still result in current limiting. The limitations on the height and number of overcurrent zones can be addressed by controlling the output current I whenever possible. a The measured values ​​and the computation time required in the controller are derived from the resolution limit of the A / D conversion.

[0138] Figure 9 This invention illustrates a plurality of, in this case, four, output currents I. a1 ', I a2 ', I a3 ', I a4 A schematic diagram of the power distribution device 20. The power distribution device 20 is implemented as a safety module or selection module, which will be supplied with current I by the power supply device 21. a The current is distributed to four branches 31, 32, 33, and 34, which supply current to the low-voltage load 2 respectively, and reliably monitor the output current I in each branch 31, 32, 33, and 34. a1 ', I a2 ', I a3 ', I a4 Overload and short circuit. Here, load 2 can also be different.

[0139] Power supply unit 21 is connected to AC voltage source U on the input side. e The AC voltage, such as 400V AC voltage, is converted to a lower and generally constant voltage level (e.g., 24V or 48V DC voltage as the rated output voltage) that is predetermined for the load 2 on the output side of the power supply unit 21.

[0140] The power distribution unit 20 is designed to enable it to supply power to each branch 31, 32, 33, 34 or each output current I. a1 ', I a2 ', I a3 'and I a4 'and its corresponding load 2 aspects have the same function and therefore the same overload curve, as according to Figure 1 and according to Figures 2 to 8 The power supply device 1 is described.

[0141] Therefore, regarding the output current I a1 ', I a2 ', I a3 ', I a4Each of the components defines at least two overcurrent zones, each assigned a maximum overcurrent duration, wherein the overcurrent zones are adapted to the overcurrent requirements of the corresponding low-voltage load 2 in terms of their respective height, their respective maximum overcurrent duration, and / or their respective number. The power distribution unit 20 has a user interface 30 for this adaptation.

[0142] As a basis Figure 1 The overload current characteristic of the power supply device 1 is further enhanced in the power distribution device 20 by providing a first output current, for example, output current I, among four output currents within one overcurrent range defined for the output current or within multiple overcurrent ranges defined for the output current. a1 The maximum duration depends on multiple output currents, in this case, the other three output currents I. a2 ', I a3 ', I a4 At least one of them.

[0143] The idea here is that the power distribution unit 20 has a different output current I than other output currents. a2 ', I a3 ', I a4 One or more of the thermal load capacities that remain free but unused at the same time (i.e., their "overload share") can be used for the output current I. a1 This is to increase the maximum duration for which overload current is provided. For example, it can be based on the output current I. a2 ', I a3 ', I a4 The priority sorting implementation is limited by '.

[0144] When using a counter, it is very easy to monitor the output current I from the upper level. a2 ', I a3 ', I a4 The counter readings of all the counters are implemented. For example, it can be checked whether the combination of these counter readings, in particular, meets a predetermined condition (e.g., maximum value), and depending on its implementation, a first output current I is provided. a1 The maximum duration of '.

[0145] Therefore, the upper-level overload management unit 22 can allocate the existing overload share to each output current.

[0146] Subsequently, and perhaps more importantly, the output current I a2 ', I a3 ', I a4The output circuits are thermally interconnected, for example, via a common cooling body, a common choke for the sum of the output currents, and a common 0V terminal for the output currents.

[0147] The thermal load (“overload share”) of the power distribution unit 20, which remains free but is not used, can certainly be used not only for the output current I a1 It is also used for output current I. a2 ', I a3 ', I a4 Each of the other ones or combinations thereof in '.

[0148] By limiting the thermal connection, it is necessary that the upper-level overload management unit 22 not only simply superimposes the counter readings when adding them, but also allocates an increased overcurrent duration to each individual output terminal as long as the entire overload has not been used up. However, this overcurrent duration is less than the sum of the overcurrent durations that have not yet ended, in order to avoid local overheating of the output terminal that leads to overload current.

Claims

1. An output current (I0) for supplying electronic power and / or power distribution equipment (1, 20) to at least one low-voltage load (2) a The method, in which, Regarding the output current (I) a ) Define at least two overcurrent intervals (B1, B2), each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration (t). B1max ;t B2max ), The feature is that the overcurrent intervals (B1, B2) are at heights (H1, H2) within the overcurrent interval, and the corresponding maximum overcurrent duration (t) of the overcurrent interval is... B1max ;t B2max The number of overcurrent ranges (2) and / or the number of overcurrent ranges are adapted to the overcurrent requirements of the low-voltage load (2).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The output current (I) of the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) is supplied to each of the multiple low-voltage loads (2). a1 to I a4 ), wherein, for the output current (I) in the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) a1 to I a4 Each output current in the circuit defines at least two overcurrent intervals (B1, B2), each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration (t). B1max ;t B2max ), wherein the overcurrent intervals (B1, B2) are at their corresponding heights (H1, H2) and the corresponding maximum overcurrent durations (t) of the overcurrent intervals. B1max ;t B2max The corresponding number of the overcurrent ranges (2) and / or the overcurrent ranges are adapted to the overcurrent requirements of the corresponding low-voltage load (2).

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Within one of the overcurrent intervals (B1, B2), only for the maximum duration (t) max ) provides the output current (I a The maximum duration conforms to the maximum overcurrent duration (t) belonging to the corresponding overcurrent range. B1max ;t B2max ) or meets the maximum overcurrent duration (t) B1max ;t B2max The predetermined value of internal energy.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Within the multiple overcurrent intervals (B1, B2), only for the maximum duration (t) max ) provides the output current (I a The maximum duration depends on the output current (I) in the corresponding overcurrent range (B1, B2). a (The length of stay).

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, During the maximum duration (t) max When the expiration date arrives, the corresponding output current (I) will be released. a Limit to a specified value (I) N (or interrupted.) 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each of the aforementioned overcurrent sections (B1, B2) is equipped with a counter (Z1, Z2).

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, When the output current (I) a When the output current (I) is located within the overcurrent range (B1, B2) corresponding to the output current, the counter (Z1, Z2) changes the counter reading in the first direction, and preferably, when the output current (I) is .... a When the output current (I) is located below the overcurrent range (B1 or B2) corresponding to the output current, especially when the output current (I) is located below the overcurrent range (B1 or B2) corresponding to the output current, a ) during the maximum duration (t) max Upon expiration, it is limited to a pre-defined value (I). N When the first direction is opposite to the second direction, the counter changes its counter reading.

8. The method according to any one of claims 3 and 6 to 7, wherein, When the counter readings of the counters (Z1, Z2) assigned to the overcurrent intervals (B1, B2) meet a predetermined condition, the maximum duration (t) max ) was realized.

9. The method according to any one of claims 4 and 6 to 7, wherein, The maximum duration (t) is determined when the combination of counter readings of the counters (Z1, Z2) belonging to the plurality of said overcurrent intervals (B1, B2), in particular, meets a predetermined condition. max ) was realized.

10. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein, Multiple output currents (I) are provided within one overcurrent range defined for the output current or within multiple overcurrent ranges defined for the output current. a1 to I a4 The maximum duration (t) of the output current in ) max ) depends on multiple of the aforementioned output currents (I a1 to I a4 At least one other output current in ).

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, In particular, through the user interface (10) of the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20), two or more different overload curves are provided to the user of the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device for selection, wherein a first overload curve of the overload curves includes at least two of the overcurrent intervals, and one or more other overload curves of the overload curves also include at least two of the overcurrent intervals, wherein the overcurrent intervals of the two or more overload curves are different in terms of the height of the overcurrent intervals, the corresponding maximum overcurrent duration and / or number.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Through the user interface (10) of the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20), the overcurrent interval (B1, B2) is defined at its height (H1, H2) and the corresponding maximum overcurrent duration (t) of the overcurrent interval. B1max ;t B2max The number of overcurrent ranges (2) and / or the number of overcurrent ranges are adapted to the overcurrent requirements of the corresponding low-voltage load (2).

13. An electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20), said electronic power supply and / or power distribution device being designed to provide at least one output current (I0) for supplying a low-voltage load (2). a ),in, Regarding the output current (I) a ) Define at least two overcurrent intervals (B1, B2), each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration (t). B1max ;t B2max ), The feature is that the overcurrent intervals (B1, B2) are at heights (H1, H2) within the overcurrent interval, and the corresponding maximum overcurrent duration (t) of the overcurrent interval is... B1max ;t B2max The number of overcurrent ranges (2) and / or the number of overcurrent ranges are adapted to the overcurrent requirements of the low-voltage load (2).

14. The electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to claim 13, wherein the electronic power supply and / or distribution device is designed to provide a plurality of output currents (I0) for each supplying a low-voltage load (2). a1 to I a4 ),in, Regarding the output current (I) a1 to I a4 Each output current in the circuit defines at least two overcurrent intervals (B1, B2), each of which is assigned a maximum overcurrent duration (t). B1max ;t B2max ), wherein the overcurrent intervals (B1, B2) are at their corresponding heights (H1, H2) and the corresponding maximum overcurrent durations (t) of the overcurrent intervals. B1max ;t B2max The corresponding number of the overcurrent ranges (2) and / or the overcurrent ranges are adapted to the overcurrent requirements of the corresponding low-voltage load (2).

15. The electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device is designed to, within one overcurrent interval of the overcurrent interval (B1, B2), only for the maximum duration (t) max ) provides the corresponding output current (I) a The maximum duration corresponds to the maximum overcurrent duration (t) associated with the corresponding overcurrent interval (B1, B2). B1max ;t B2max ) or meets the maximum overcurrent duration (t) B1max ;t B2max The predetermined value of internal energy.

16. The electronic power supply and / or distribution device (1, 20) according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the electronic power supply and / or distribution device is designed to, within the plurality of said overcurrent intervals (B1, B2), only for the maximum duration (t) max ) provides the corresponding output current (I) a The maximum duration depends on the output current (I) in the corresponding overcurrent range (B1, B2). a (The length of stay).

17. The electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device is designed to, during the maximum duration (t... max When the expiration date arrives, the corresponding output current (I) will be released. a Limit to a specified value (I) N (or interrupted.) 18. The electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein, The electronic power supply and / or power distribution device has a counter (Z1, Z2) for each of the overcurrent intervals (B1, B2).

19. The electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) according to claim 18, wherein the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device is designed to, when the output current (I a When the output current (I) is located within the overcurrent range (B1, B2) corresponding to the output current, the counter (Z1, Z2) changes the counter reading in the first direction, and preferably, when the output current (I) is .... a When the output current (I) is located below the overcurrent range (B1 or B2) corresponding to the output current, especially when the output current (I) is located below the overcurrent range (B1 or B2) corresponding to the output current, a ) during the maximum duration (t) max Upon expiration, it is limited to a pre-defined value (I). N When the first direction is opposite to the second direction, the counter changes its counter reading.

20. The electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) according to any one of claims 15 and 18 to 19, wherein the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device is designed to, when the counter reading of the counter (Z1, Z2) belonging to the overcurrent interval (B1, B2) satisfies a predetermined condition, the maximum duration (t) max ) was realized.

21. The electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) according to any one of claims 16 and 18 to 19, wherein the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device is designed to, when the combination of counter readings of the counters (Z1, Z2) belonging to the plurality of said overcurrent intervals (B1, B2) satisfies, in particular, a predetermined condition, the maximum duration (t) max ) was realized.

22. The electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) according to any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device is designed to provide a plurality of the output currents (I) within one overcurrent interval defined for the output current or within a plurality of the overcurrent intervals defined for the output current. a1 to I a4 The maximum duration (t) of the output current in ) max ) depends on multiple of the aforementioned output currents (I a1 to I a4 At least one other output current in ).

23. The electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) according to any one of claims 13 to 22, wherein the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device is designed to provide, in particular through the user interface (10) of the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20), provide the user of the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1) with two or more different overload curves for selection, wherein, The first overload curve in the overload curves includes at least two of the overcurrent intervals, and one or more other overload curves in the overload curves also include at least two of the overcurrent intervals, wherein the overcurrent intervals of the two or more overload curves are different in terms of the height of the overcurrent intervals, the corresponding maximum overcurrent duration and / or the number of overcurrent intervals.

24. The electronic power supply and / or power distribution device (1, 20) according to any one of claims 13 to 23, wherein the electronic power supply and / or power distribution device includes a user interface (10), through which the overcurrent interval (B1, B2) is configured at its height (H1, H2) in the overcurrent interval, and the corresponding maximum overcurrent duration (t) of the overcurrent interval is configured. B1max ;t B2max The number of overcurrent ranges (2) and / or the number of overcurrent ranges are adapted to the overcurrent requirements of the corresponding low-voltage load (2).

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