A depth and quantity integrated device and method for tobacco transplanting, hole digging and fertilizer mixing

Abstract

The present application relates to tobacco agricultural machinery technical field, especially in kind, a tobacco transplanting with depth and quantity of integrated device and method of hole digging and fertilizer mixing, including work main rod, main transmission shaft, hole drilling head, fertilizer guide shell, with main transmission shaft rotation of scattered fertilizer distribution, a plurality of fertilizer outlet is arranged along the circumference, the fertilizer mixing assembly between the fertilizer outlet and the hole drilling head, quantitative fertilizer supply assembly, depth trigger assembly and control unit. Depth limiting disc contacts the ground and triggers, the fertilizer outlet and the mixing work section are located in the planting hole; the control unit executes a single hole quantitative fertilizer supply and locks. The fertilizer is scattered in the fertilizer distribution cavity, and after the circumferential shunt, it enters the hole, and is mixed with loose soil by the rotating fertilizer mixing assembly; the device is lifted, the trigger is reset, and the lock is released. The present application realizes the cooperative control of the fertilizer supply time point, the fertilization position, the single hole dose and the fertilizer soil mixing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tobacco agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to an integrated device and method for fixed-depth and quantitative hole-drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting. Background Technology

[0002] Tobacco transplanting places high demands on the depth of planting holes, the amount of base fertilizer, and the spatial relationship between fertilizer and the root system. Planting holes that are too shallow or too deep will affect the quality of seedling planting; large fluctuations in the amount of fertilizer applied per hole, or fertilizer concentrated in the center of the hole and in direct contact with the seedling roots, can all negatively impact seedling establishment and root growth. Therefore, hole preparation, fertilization, and fertilizer-soil mixing not only need to be completed within the same workflow, but also require coordination in terms of timing, location, and dosage.

[0003] Current production still involves a step-by-step process: first, drilling holes; then, manually applying fertilizer; and finally, manually mixing the fertilizer. This method requires operators to switch between multiple steps, resulting in high labor intensity. The amount of fertilizer applied per hole is easily affected by the operating rhythm and the state of the fertilizer particles, and it is difficult to maintain a consistent placement and mixing degree of the fertilizer within the hole.

[0004] Existing technologies have explored the integration of hole drilling and fertilization. For example, CN104322188B discloses a hole drilling and quantitative fertilization device for tobacco well-cell transplanting; CN109964586A discloses a scheme that controls the entry of organic fertilizer into the hole drill based on the hole depth signal and further mixes the fertilizer with the soil during the lifting process; CN204031759U discloses a hole-drilling fertilization machine in which fertilizer enters the soil through a fertilizer channel inside the drill bit. The above schemes show that individual functions such as hole drilling, quantitative fertilization, fertilization depth control, and fertilizer-soil mixing have been addressed. However, for granular fertilizers commonly used in tobacco transplanting, fertilizer may clump or bridge after becoming damp; when fertilizer enters a narrow planting hole directly from a single nozzle, it tends to concentrate in a localized area. If the fertilization action occurs before the drill bit reaches the target depth, the fertilizer may fall outside the hole or into the shallow layer; if the action is repeatedly triggered while the drill bit remains at the target depth and continues to mix fertilizer, it will cause excessive fertilizer in a single hole. Furthermore, if the relative positions of the fertilizer outlet, fertilizer mixing components, and the ground surface are not defined, even if there are fertilizer dispersing, diverting, or mixing components, it cannot be guaranteed that the fertilizer will complete the predetermined spatial distribution and mixing within the pit.

[0005] Therefore, the real problem that needs to be solved is not simply installing hole diggers, fertilizer applicators, and mixers side by side, but rather establishing a collaborative operation structure that uses soil penetration depth as the trigger condition, single-quantity as the dosage constraint, circumferential diversion within the hole as the landing point control, and continuous rotation as the mixing action. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated device and method for fixed-depth and quantitative hole drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting. The fertilizer supply action only occurs after the drilling bit reaches the preset depth and the fertilizer outlet and fertilizer mixing section enter the planting hole. Through the relative movement between the fixed fertilizer guide shell and the rotating fertilizer dispersing component, the fertilizer in a single hole is dispersed and discharged into the hole from multiple circumferential positions. Then, the fertilizer mixing component driven by the same main drive shaft completes the fertilizer-soil mixing, while avoiding repeated fertilizer supply caused by continuous triggering.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting, comprising a working main rod, a main drive shaft arranged along the axial direction of the working main rod, a drive component for driving the main drive shaft to rotate, a hole drilling bit arranged at the lower end of the working main rod and connected to the main drive shaft, a fertilizer storage component, a quantitative fertilizer supply component, a fixed-depth triggering component, and a control unit, and further comprising a rotating dispersing fertilizer component and a fertilizer mixing component arranged above the hole drilling bit; The rotary fertilizer dispersing and separating assembly includes a fertilizer guide housing fixed relative to the working main rod, with a fertilizer separating cavity formed inside the fertilizer guide housing, through which the main drive shaft passes. The upper part of the fertilizer guide housing has a fertilizer inlet communicating with the quantitative fertilizer supply assembly, and the lower part has multiple fertilizer outlets communicating with the fertilizer separating cavity and spaced circumferentially along the main drive shaft. The fertilizer separating cavity is equipped with a fertilizer dispersing and separating component that rotates synchronously with the main drive shaft. The fertilizer dispersing and separating component has multiple fertilizer-distributing parts extending outward from the main drive shaft. The rotational trajectories of the multiple fertilizer-distributing parts cover the fertilizer separating area from below the fertilizer inlet to the inside of the fertilizer outlet, thereby dispersing the fertilizer entering the fertilizer separating cavity and diverting it to the multiple fertilizer outlets. The fertilizer mixing assembly is located between the multiple fertilizer outlets and the drilling bit, rotates synchronously with the main drive shaft, and is provided with a fertilizer drop gap for the fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer outlets to pass through and multiple fertilizer mixing teeth for stirring the soil in the hole. The depth-limiting trigger assembly includes a depth-limiting disc and a trigger element whose positions are adjustable along the axial direction of the working main rod. The axial distance between the depth-limiting disc and the lower end of the hole-drilling bit is set such that when the depth-limiting disc contacts the ground surface and the trigger element generates a trigger signal, at least a portion of the plurality of fertilizer outlets and the fertilizer mixing teeth are located below the ground surface and within the planting hole formed by the hole-drilling bit. The control unit is connected to the trigger and the quantitative fertilizer supply component respectively, and is configured to control the quantitative fertilizer supply component to perform a single-hole quantitative fertilizer supply action and enter the trigger lock state after receiving the trigger signal. During the continuous triggering of the trigger, the single-hole quantitative fertilizer supply action is prohibited from being performed again, and the trigger lock state is released after the trigger is reset.

[0008] Preferably, the quantitative fertilizer supply component includes a metering housing, a metering fertilizer discharge wheel, a fertilizer supply motor, and a fertilizer supply channel; the metering housing has a feeding area communicating with the fertilizer storage component and a discharging area communicating with the fertilizer supply channel, the feeding area and the discharging area are staggered along the rotation direction of the metering fertilizer discharge wheel and are separated from each other by the inner wall of the metering housing; the outer periphery of the metering fertilizer discharge wheel is provided with multiple metering grooves, and the fertilizer supply motor drives the metering fertilizer discharge wheel to rotate a preset division angle under the control of the control unit, so that one or more of the metering grooves are sequentially transferred from the feeding area to the discharging area.

[0009] Preferably, the metering fertilizer discharge wheel is detachably disposed within the metering housing, and the feeding area is provided with a scraper or flexible limiting component that cooperates with the outer periphery of the metering fertilizer discharge wheel; the control unit stores the calibration relationship between the rotation angle of the fertilizer supply motor and the fertilizer discharge amount per hole, and determines the preset division angle according to the set fertilizer discharge amount per hole.

[0010] Preferably, the number of fertilizer outlets is 3 to 8, and they are arranged at equal angles along the circumference of the fertilizer guide shell; the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the multiple fertilizer outlets is the same, and the fertilizer outlet direction of each fertilizer outlet has a downward component and a radially outward component relative to the main drive shaft; the bottom wall of the fertilizer guide shell is inclined toward the multiple fertilizer outlets.

[0011] Preferably, the fertilizer dispersing component includes a bushing connected to the main drive shaft and multiple stirring pins or fertilizer-distributing blades disposed on the outer periphery of the bushing. The multiple stirring pins or fertilizer-distributing blades are staggered along the axial and circumferential directions. A dispersing gap is formed between the radial outer edge of the stirring pins or fertilizer-distributing blades and the inner wall of the fertilizer guide housing, allowing individual fertilizer particles to pass through while restricting the direct passage of fertilizer clumps.

[0012] Preferably, the fertilizer mixing assembly includes a fertilizer mixing disc connected to the main drive shaft and a plurality of fertilizer mixing teeth disposed on the lower side of the fertilizer mixing disc; The fertilizer mixing disc has a ring-shaped or skeleton-type structure, and is provided with multiple fertilizer dropping holes or fertilizer dropping gaps formed between adjacent radial connecting parts; multiple fertilizer mixing teeth are arranged circumferentially and have working sections that are inclined both axially and radially relative to the main drive shaft.

[0013] Preferably, the depth limiting disk is axially slidably connected to the working main rod via a sliding sleeve, and an elastic reset component and a position locking component are provided between the sliding sleeve and the working main rod; the trigger component is a micro switch or proximity switch provided on the working main rod, which triggers the trigger component when the depth limiting disk generates an axial trigger stroke due to the ground reaction force, and is reset by the elastic reset component after the working main rod moves upward.

[0014] Preferably, the control unit further includes a fertilizer mixing timer module and a status indicator; after the single-hole quantitative fertilizer supply action is completed, the control unit maintains the rotation of the main drive shaft for a preset fertilizer mixing time, and after the preset fertilizer mixing time ends, issues a work completion prompt through sound, light or vibration, wherein the preset fertilizer mixing time is 3 to 5 seconds.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes a support component and a robotic arm. The support component includes a support frame and wheels. The fertilizer storage component, the drive unit, and the control unit are mounted on the support frame. One end of the robotic arm is connected to the support frame via a rotary base with a rotary drive, and the other end is connected to the working main rod. The output end of the drive unit is connected to the main drive shaft via a universal joint. The control unit is configured to control the rotary drive to swing the robotic arm to the other working position after the planting hole work on one side is completed and the trigger is reset.

[0016] A method for applying fertilizer by drilling holes at a fixed depth and in a fixed quantity for tobacco transplanting includes the following steps: S1: The main drive shaft drives the drilling drill bit, fertilizer dispersing component and fertilizer mixing component to rotate, and the drilling drill bit is aligned with the predetermined hole and moved downward. S2: When the drilling bit reaches the preset depth, the depth limiting plate contacts the ground surface and triggers the triggering element to generate a trigger signal. At this time, at least a portion of the multiple fertilizer outlets and fertilizer mixing teeth are inside the planting hole. S3: The control unit controls the quantitative fertilizer supply component to perform a single-hole quantitative fertilizer supply action according to the trigger signal and enters the trigger lock state; S4: With the drilling bit held at the preset soil depth and the main drive shaft continuously rotating, fertilizer enters the fertilizer distribution chamber of the fertilizer guide shell, is dispersed by the rotating fertilizer dispersing component, and discharged into the planting hole from multiple fertilizer outlets at different circumferential positions. S5: After the single-hole quantitative fertilizer supply action is completed, the main drive shaft continues to rotate for the preset fertilizer mixing time, and the fertilizer mixing component mixes the fertilizer with the loose soil in the planting hole; S6: Operate the main working rod to remove the drilling bit from the planting hole and reset the trigger. The control unit releases the trigger lock state to proceed with the next planting hole operation.

[0017] Therefore, the present invention provides an integrated device and method for fixed-depth and quantitative hole drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting, which has the following beneficial effects: The depth limiting plate of the present invention is not only used to limit the depth of the drill bit into the soil, but also to determine the timing of the fertilizer outlet and fertilizer mixing teeth entering the planting hole, so that the fertilizer supply action occurs in the predetermined hole position, reducing the possibility of premature fertilizer discharge, leakage outside the hole or shallow composting.

[0018] Through the coordinated operation of the depth-triggered component, the quantitative fertilizer supply component, the spiral fertilizer dispersing and guiding component, and the fertilizer mixing component, the drilling, depth- and quantitative fertilization, and fertilizer mixing can be automatically and continuously completed in a single-hole operation, eliminating the need for operator intervention. This reduces operational steps, lowers labor intensity, and improves operational efficiency.

[0019] After the fertilizer enters the planting hole from different circumferential positions, it is immediately mixed with the loose soil by the rotating fertilizer mixing teeth located below it. This helps to form a fertilizer-soil mixing zone distributed around the axis of the hole, reducing the risk of fertilizer concentrating in the center of the hole and directly contacting the roots of the tobacco seedlings.

[0020] The drilling bit, fertilizer dispersing and mixing components are driven by the main drive shaft, while the fertilizer supply action is completed by an independent low-power metering motor. This ensures the continuity of drilling, fertilizer dispersing and mixing actions, and also facilitates independent adjustment of the dosage per hole. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole-drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a left view of an integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole-drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of an integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole-drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tobacco transplanting hole-drilling and fertilizer-mixing integrated device from another perspective in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the quantitative fertilizer supply component in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the quantitative fertilizer supply component in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling bit in working state in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure Labels 1. Main working rod; 2. Main drive shaft; 3. Drill bit; 4. Rotary fertilizer dispersing and distributing assembly; 5. Fertilizer mixing assembly; 6. Quantitative fertilizer supply assembly; 7. Fertilizer storage assembly; 8. Drive unit; 9. Depth control trigger assembly; 10. Control unit; 11. Operating handle assembly; 12. Grip; 13. Bearing assembly; 14. Support frame; 15. Walking wheel; 16. Shock absorber; 17. Walking pusher; 18. Rotary drive unit; 19. Robotic arm; 20. End connector; 21. Drill tip; 22. Spiral blade; 23. Fertilizer guide shell; 24. Fertilizer inlet; 25. Fertilizer dispersing and distributing component; 26. Fertilizer outlet; 27. Fertilizer conveying pipeline; 28. Fertilizer mixing disc; 29. ​​Fertilizer mixing teeth; 30. Metering fertilizer discharge wheel; 31. Fertilizer supply motor; 32. Fertilizer supply channel; 33. Depth limiting disc. Detailed Implementation

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0025] Example 1 like Figure 1-7As shown, this invention discloses an integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting, comprising a working main rod 1, a main drive shaft 2, a hole drilling bit 3, a rotary fertilizer dispersing component 4, a fertilizer mixing component 5, a quantitative fertilizer supply component 6, a fertilizer storage component 7, a drive component 8, a fixed-depth trigger component 9, a control unit 10, a load-bearing component 13, and a robotic arm 19. The load-bearing component 13 includes a support frame 14, wheels 15, shock absorbers 16, and a walking pusher 17. The fertilizer storage component 7, drive component 8, and control unit 10 are mounted on the support frame 14. The operator can move the load-bearing component 13 along the furrow between adjacent ridges using the walking pusher 17. The wheels 15 may be equipped with a locking mechanism to stabilize the frame during single-hole operation. One end of the robotic arm 19 is connected to the support frame 14 via a rotating base, and the other end is connected to the working main rod 1 via an end connector 20. The rotating base is equipped with a rotating drive component 18, enabling the robotic arm 19 to swing between working positions on the left and right sides of the load-bearing component 13. The robotic arm 19 may include at least two interconnected arm segments and is equipped with length adjustment and pitch adjustment structures to adapt to different furrow widths, ridge heights, and planting holes. The drive unit 8 may include a drive motor, a reduction gear mechanism, and a power supply assembly. The output end of the drive unit 8 is connected to the main drive shaft 2 via a universal joint or flexible transmission component, enabling the robotic arm 19 to transmit rotational power at different swing and pitch angles.

[0026] The working main rod 1 is a hollow rod-shaped structure, and the main drive shaft 2 is supported inside the working main rod 1 by bearings. The working main rod 1 remains relatively stationary, while the main drive shaft 2 rotates inside it. The operating handle assembly 11 is located on the upper part of the working main rod 1, with handles 12 on both sides for easy aiming, applying downward pressure, and lifting of the working main rod 1. The hole-drilling drill bit 3 is located at the lower end of the main drive shaft 2 and includes a drill tip 21 and a spiral blade 22. The drill tip 21 is used for initial positioning, and the spiral blade 22 cuts and loosens the soil in the ridge. The outer diameter of the hole-drilling drill bit 3 is selected according to the diameter of the tobacco transplanting hole, and the maximum rotating outer diameter of the fertilizer mixing tooth 29 is less than or equal to the effective hole diameter formed by the hole-drilling drill bit 3 to avoid excessive interference between the fertilizer mixing component 5 and the uncut hole wall. During the hole-drilling stage, the hole-drilling drill bit 3, the fertilizer dispersing component 25, and the fertilizer mixing component 5 all rotate with the main drive shaft 2. Since the quantitative fertilizer supply component 6 has not yet been triggered, there is no fertilizer in the fertilizer distribution chamber for this single hole. The fertilizer mixing component 5 mainly loosens the loose soil above the drill bit.

[0027] The rotating fertilizer dispersing and separating component 4 is located above the drilling bit 3. The fertilizer guide housing 23 is fixed to the working main rod 1 and does not rotate with the main drive shaft 2 during operation. The main drive shaft 2 passes through the central area of ​​the fertilizer guide housing 23; bearings, sealing rings, or labyrinth dustproof structures can be installed at the point where the main drive shaft 2 passes through the fertilizer guide housing 23 to reduce fertilizer dust entering the support parts. The fertilizer inlet 24 is located on the upper part of the fertilizer guide housing 23 and is connected to the quantitative fertilizer supply component 6 through the fertilizer delivery pipe 27. Multiple fertilizer outlets 26 are located on the lower part of the fertilizer guide housing 23 and are distributed circumferentially. Preferably, the number of fertilizer outlets 26 is 3 to 8, and each fertilizer outlet 26 is arranged at an equal angle and has the same flow cross-sectional area. The centerline of the fertilizer outlet 26 can be inclined downward and outward relative to the main drive shaft 2, so that the fertilizer has a component of motion towards the periphery of the hole wall after leaving the fertilizer outlet 26. The fertilizer dispersing and separating component 25 is fixedly connected to the main drive shaft 2 or connected by a key or spline.

[0028] The fertilizer dispersing component 25 may include a bushing and multiple stirring pins, or it may employ fertilizer-dispensing blades, short blades, or a combination of stirring pins and fertilizer-dispensing blades. The fertilizer dispensing parts are staggered axially and circumferentially, so that the fertilizer below the fertilizer inlet 24 is acted upon at different heights. The rotation trajectory of the fertilizer dispensing parts extends from below the fertilizer inlet 24 to the inner side of the fertilizer outlet 26, causing the fertilizer to move circumferentially to multiple fertilizer outlet areas while being dispersed. A dispersing gap is maintained between the radial outer edge of the fertilizer dispensing parts and the inner wall of the fertilizer guide housing 23. This gap allows normal particles to pass through, but causes larger clumps to be subjected to joint shearing by the fertilizer dispensing parts and the inner wall of the housing before passing through. The bottom wall of the fertilizer guide housing 23 may adopt an outwardly and downwardly inclined annular guide surface to reduce fertilizer retention at the bottom of the fertilizer dispensing chamber.

[0029] The fertilizer mixing assembly 5 is positioned between the fertilizer outlet 26 and the drilling bit 3, and includes a fertilizer mixing disc 28 and multiple fertilizer mixing teeth 29. The fertilizer mixing disc 28 is connected to the main drive shaft 2. To prevent the fertilizer mixing disc 28 from obstructing the fertilizer drop path, the fertilizer mixing disc 28 preferably adopts a ring-shaped or skeleton-type structure, or fertilizer drop through holes are provided in the areas corresponding to the multiple fertilizer outlets 26. The multiple fertilizer mixing teeth 29 are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the fertilizer mixing disc 28. The fertilizer mixing teeth 29 can be arc-shaped elastic teeth, and their working sections are inclined both axially and radially relative to the main drive shaft 2. When rotating, the fertilizer mixing teeth 29 not only push the soil circumferentially, but also push some soil inward, outward, or upward, thereby promoting the spatial diffusion of fertilizer particles in the loose soil within the hole. An axial gap is maintained between the fertilizer outlet 26 and the fertilizer mixing teeth 29. After the fertilizer leaves through the fertilizer outlet 26, it enters the working area of ​​the fertilizer mixing teeth 29 through the fertilizer drop gaps of the fertilizer mixing disc 28. The rotation of the fertilizer mixing tooth 29 will also create a dynamic gap below the fertilizer outlet 26, reducing the probability of loose soil blocking the fertilizer outlet 26 in the reverse direction.

[0030] A quantitative fertilizer supply component 6 is located at the outlet of the fertilizer storage component 7 and includes a metering shell, a metering discharge wheel 30, a fertilizer supply motor 31, and a fertilizer supply channel 32. The bottom of the fertilizer storage component 7 has a guide surface inclined towards the outlet, allowing granular fertilizer to enter the feeding area of ​​the metering shell under gravity. The metering discharge wheel 30 is rotatably mounted inside the metering shell, with multiple metering grooves on its outer circumference. The fertilizer storage component 7 includes a storage chamber and a stirring mechanism inside the storage chamber for stirring the fertilizer. The stirring mechanism includes a motor, a stirring shaft, and stirring blades mounted on the stirring shaft. The motor is fixedly mounted on the top of the storage chamber, and its output end is fixedly connected to the stirring shaft. The feeding area of ​​the metering shell is connected to the fertilizer storage component 7, and the discharge area is connected to the fertilizer supply channel 32. The feeding area and the discharge area are staggered circumferentially along the metering discharge wheel 30. Fertilizer is filled when the metering groove is located in the feeding area; after the fertilizer supply motor 31 drives the metering discharge wheel 30 to rotate past a preset division angle, the filled metering groove enters the discharge area and releases the fertilizer. The feeding area can be equipped with flexible scrapers or limiting devices to level fertilizer exceeding the metering trough opening and reduce fertilizer clamping. The metering discharge wheel 30 is replaceable, and different metering trough volumes correspond to different single-time metering ranges. The control unit 10 can pre-store the calibration relationship between the number of steps, rotation angle, and actual discharge volume of the fertilizer supply motor 31, so as to determine the division angle according to the set values. The discharged fertilizer sequentially enters the fertilizer distribution chamber through the fertilizer supply channel 32, the fertilizer conveying pipe 27, and the fertilizer inlet 24. The fertilizer conveying pipe 27 is preferably a flexible hose with a smooth inner wall and a large bending radius, and its slope meets the requirements for smooth transport of granular fertilizer by gravity or auxiliary airflow.

[0031] The depth-limiting trigger assembly 9 includes a depth-limiting disc 33, a sliding sleeve, an elastic reset component, a position locking component, and a trigger component. The depth-limiting disc 33 is located at the lower part of the working main rod 1 and can be adjusted axially. The distance between the depth-limiting disc 33 and the lower end of the drilling bit 3 corresponds to the drilling depth; simultaneously, this distance is also set according to the position of the fertilizer outlet 26 and the fertilizer mixing tooth 29 relative to the lower end of the drill bit to ensure that the fertilizer outlet 26 and the fertilizer mixing working section are within the planting hole when triggered. The trigger component can be a micro switch or a proximity switch. After the depth-limiting disc 33 contacts the ground surface, the downward pressure applied by the operator causes the sliding sleeve to produce a short axial displacement relative to the working main rod 1, thereby triggering the micro switch; after the working main rod 1 is lifted, the elastic reset component resets the sliding sleeve and the depth-limiting disc 33. A depth scale can be set on the working main rod 1, and the position locking component can be a clamp, a positioning pin, or a threaded locking structure. The control unit 10 adopts a state control method. In standby mode, new trigger signals are allowed. Upon first detection of a valid trigger signal, the control unit 10 drives the fertilizer supply motor 31 to complete one indexing action and immediately enters the trigger lock state. In the locked state, even if the trigger element remains closed or experiences a brief vibration, fertilizer will not be supplied again. After the fertilizer supply action is completed, the control unit 10 starts the fertilizer mixing timer, and the main drive shaft 2 rotates for 3 to 5 seconds. After the timer expires, the control unit 10 issues a completion notification via a buzzer, indicator light, or vibration indicator. Only after detecting that the trigger element has reset will the control unit 10 unlock and allow the next fertilizer supply.

[0032] Example 2 The operator moves the bearing assembly 13 to the working position, adjusts the depth limiting plate 33 to correspond to the target hole depth, and sets the fertilizer application amount and mixing time per hole in the control unit 10. After starting the drive unit 8, the main drive shaft 2 drives the hole-drilling drill bit 3, the fertilizer dispersing component 25, and the fertilizer mixing assembly 5 to rotate. The operator holds the operating handle assembly 11, aligns the hole-drilling drill bit 3 with the predetermined hole, and moves it downwards. The hole-drilling drill bit 3 cuts and loosens the soil in the ridge.

[0033] When the depth-limiting plate 33 contacts the ground surface and triggers the stroke, the drilling bit 3 reaches the preset depth, and the fertilizer outlet 26 and at least part of the fertilizer mixing teeth 29 are located inside the hole. The control unit 10 performs a single-hole quantitative fertilizer supply.

[0034] After entering the fertilizer distribution chamber, the fertilizer is dispersed by the rotating fertilizer distribution component 25 and discharged from multiple fertilizer outlets 26. The fertilizer enters the loosened soil in the pit from different circumferential positions, and then enters the rotating working area of ​​the fertilizer mixing teeth 29. In the triggered locking state, the main drive shaft 2 continues to rotate while the quantitative fertilizer supply component 6 stops discharging fertilizer.

[0035] The fertilizer mixing tooth 29 mixes the fertilizer with the soil in the planting hole. After the completion prompt is issued, the operator lifts the main working rod 1 upwards, causing the drilling bit 3 to exit the planting hole, the depth limiting plate 33 to leave the ground, and the trigger to reset.

[0036] Control unit 10 unlocks, and the device proceeds to the next single-hole operation. In the alternating left-right operation mode, after the single-hole operation on one side is completed and the trigger reset is detected, control unit 10 controls the rotary drive 18 to swing the robotic arm 19 to the other side's operation position. After the operator completes the single-hole operation on the other side, they push the support assembly 13 along the furrow to the next set of holes.

[0037] Example 3 The fertilizer dispersing component 25 is not limited to a mixing pin structure; it can employ radial paddles, spiral short blades, or flexible paddle teeth. Multiple fertilizer outlets 26 can be equipped with independent fertilizer guide tubes, with the ends of the guide tubes facing the periphery of the planting hole. The quantitative fertilizer supply component 6 is not limited to a metering fertilizer discharge wheel; it can also use a constant-volume rotary cup, a screw-type graded fertilizer dispenser, or a quantitative fertilizer dispenser with weighing feedback, as long as it can output a predetermined single-hole dose after a single trigger and stop repeated output in a locked state. The triggering element is not limited to a contact switch; it can also use a displacement sensor, pressure sensor, or distance sensor. When using a non-contact sensor, the trigger threshold should still correspond to the position of the fertilizer outlet 26 and the mixing teeth 29 entering the planting hole.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for integrated hole-drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting, comprising a working main rod, a main drive shaft arranged axially along the working main rod, a drive component for driving the main drive shaft to rotate, a hole-drilling drill bit disposed at the lower end of the working main rod and connected to the main drive shaft, a fertilizer storage assembly, a quantitative fertilizer supply assembly, a fixed-depth triggering assembly, and a control unit, characterized in that: It also includes a rotating fertilizer dispersing and mixing component and a fertilizer mixing component disposed above the drilling bit; The rotary fertilizer dispersing and separating assembly includes a fertilizer guide housing fixed relative to the working main rod, with a fertilizer separating cavity formed inside the fertilizer guide housing, through which the main drive shaft passes. The upper part of the fertilizer guide housing has a fertilizer inlet communicating with the quantitative fertilizer supply assembly, and the lower part has multiple fertilizer outlets communicating with the fertilizer separating cavity and spaced circumferentially along the main drive shaft. The fertilizer separating cavity is equipped with a fertilizer dispersing and separating component that rotates synchronously with the main drive shaft. The fertilizer dispersing and separating component has multiple fertilizer-distributing parts extending outward from the main drive shaft. The rotational trajectories of the multiple fertilizer-distributing parts cover the fertilizer separating area from below the fertilizer inlet to the inside of the fertilizer outlet, thereby dispersing the fertilizer entering the fertilizer separating cavity and diverting it to the multiple fertilizer outlets. The fertilizer mixing assembly is located between the multiple fertilizer outlets and the drilling bit, rotates synchronously with the main drive shaft, and is provided with a fertilizer drop gap for the fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer outlets to pass through and multiple fertilizer mixing teeth for stirring the soil in the hole. The depth-limiting trigger assembly includes a depth-limiting disc and a trigger element whose positions are adjustable along the axial direction of the working main rod. The axial distance between the depth-limiting disc and the lower end of the hole-drilling bit is set such that when the depth-limiting disc contacts the ground surface and the trigger element generates a trigger signal, at least a portion of the plurality of fertilizer outlets and the fertilizer mixing teeth are located below the ground surface and within the planting hole formed by the hole-drilling bit. The control unit is signal-connected to the trigger and the quantitative fertilizer supply component, and is configured to control the quantitative fertilizer supply component to perform a single-hole quantitative fertilizer supply action and enter a trigger-locked state after receiving the trigger signal. During the period when the trigger is continuously triggered, the single-hole quantitative fertilizer supply action is prohibited from being performed again, and the trigger-locked state is released after the trigger is reset.

2. The integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantitative fertilizer supply component includes a metering housing, a metering fertilizer discharge wheel, a fertilizer supply motor, and a fertilizer supply channel. The metering housing has a feeding area communicating with the fertilizer storage component and a discharging area communicating with the fertilizer supply channel. The feeding area and the discharging area are staggered along the rotation direction of the metering fertilizer discharge wheel and are separated from each other by the inner wall of the metering housing. The outer circumference of the metering fertilizer discharge wheel is provided with multiple metering grooves. Under the control of the control unit, the fertilizer supply motor drives the metering fertilizer discharge wheel to rotate a preset division angle, so that one or more metering grooves are sequentially transferred from the feeding area to the discharging area.

3. The integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metering fertilizer discharge wheel is detachably installed inside the metering housing. The feeding area is provided with a scraper or flexible limiting component that cooperates with the outer periphery of the metering fertilizer discharge wheel. The control unit stores the calibration relationship between the rotation angle of the fertilizer supply motor and the fertilizer discharge amount per hole, and determines the preset division angle according to the set fertilizer discharge amount per hole.

4. The integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of fertilizer outlets is 3 to 8, and they are arranged at equal angles along the circumference of the fertilizer guide shell; the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the multiple fertilizer outlets is the same, and the fertilizer outlet direction of each fertilizer outlet has a downward component and a radially outward component relative to the main drive shaft. The bottom wall of the fertilizer guide shell is inclined toward the multiple fertilizer outlets.

5. The integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fertilizer dispersing component includes a bushing connected to the main drive shaft and multiple stirring pins or fertilizer-distributing blades disposed on the outer periphery of the bushing. The multiple stirring pins or fertilizer-distributing blades are staggered along the axial and circumferential directions. A dispersing gap is formed between the radial outer edge of the stirring pins or fertilizer-distributing blades and the inner wall of the fertilizer guide housing, allowing individual fertilizer particles to pass through while restricting the direct passage of fertilizer clumps.

6. The integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fertilizer mixing assembly includes a fertilizer mixing disc connected to the main drive shaft and a plurality of fertilizer mixing teeth disposed on the lower side of the fertilizer mixing disc; The fertilizer mixing disc has a ring-shaped or skeleton-type structure, and is provided with multiple fertilizer dropping holes or fertilizer dropping gaps formed between adjacent radial connecting parts; multiple fertilizer mixing teeth are arranged circumferentially and have working sections that are inclined both axially and radially relative to the main drive shaft.

7. The integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting according to claim 6, characterized in that: The depth limiting disk is axially slidably connected to the working main rod via a sliding sleeve. An elastic reset component and a position locking component are provided between the sliding sleeve and the working main rod. The trigger component is a micro switch or proximity switch provided on the working main rod. When the depth limiting disk is subjected to the reaction force of the ground surface and generates an axial trigger stroke, the trigger component is triggered, and the elastic reset component resets the disk after the working main rod moves upward.

8. The integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control unit also includes a fertilizer mixing timer module and a status indicator; after the single-hole quantitative fertilizer supply action is completed, the control unit keeps the main drive shaft rotating for a preset fertilizer mixing time, and after the preset fertilizer mixing time ends, it issues a work completion prompt through sound, light or vibration. The preset fertilizer mixing time is 3 to 5 seconds.

9. The integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole drilling and fertilizer mixing for tobacco transplanting according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a support assembly and a robotic arm. The support assembly includes a support frame and wheels. The fertilizer storage assembly, the drive unit, and the control unit are mounted on the support frame. One end of the robotic arm is connected to the support frame via a rotary base with a rotary drive, and the other end is connected to the main working rod. The output end of the drive unit is connected to the main drive shaft via a universal joint. The control unit is configured to control the rotary drive to swing the robotic arm to the other working position after the planting hole work on one side is completed and the trigger is reset.

10. A method for fixed-depth and quantitative hole-drilling and fertilizer-mixing for tobacco transplanting, using the integrated device for fixed-depth and quantitative hole-drilling and fertilizer-mixing for tobacco transplanting as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1: The main drive shaft drives the drilling drill bit, fertilizer dispersing component and fertilizer mixing component to rotate, and the drilling drill bit is aligned with the predetermined hole and moved downward. S2: When the drilling bit reaches the preset depth, the depth limiting plate contacts the ground surface and triggers the triggering element to generate a trigger signal. At this time, at least a portion of the multiple fertilizer outlets and fertilizer mixing teeth are inside the planting hole. S3: The control unit controls the quantitative fertilizer supply component to perform a single-hole quantitative fertilizer supply action according to the trigger signal and enters the trigger lock state; S4: With the drilling bit held at the preset soil penetration depth and the main drive shaft continuously rotating, fertilizer enters the fertilizer distribution chamber of the fertilizer guide shell, is dispersed by the rotating fertilizer dispersing component, and discharged into the planting hole from multiple fertilizer outlets at different circumferential positions. S5: After the single-hole quantitative fertilizer supply action is completed, the main drive shaft continues to rotate for the preset fertilizer mixing time, and the fertilizer mixing component mixes the fertilizer with the loose soil in the planting hole; S6: Operate the main working rod to remove the drilling bit from the planting hole and reset the trigger. The control unit releases the trigger lock state to proceed with the next planting hole operation.

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