Adjustable fertilizer device for closely planting legume crops

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of legume crop fertilization device, disclose a kind of adjustable fertilization device for legume crop dense planting, comprising: support frame;Driving wheel, rotatably installed at the both sides of support frame;Fertilization mechanism, is set above support frame;The fertilization mechanism includes fixed material storage barrel on support frame and telescopic pipe, the material storage barrel is equipped with injection port, multiple discharge ends of the telescopic pipe are all installed slot type fertilization wheel, and the slot type fertilization wheel is fixedly installed with fertilization discharge head by connecting pipe.The present application is provided with fertilization mechanism, auxiliary positioning mechanism, spacing adjustment mechanism and curved path adjustment mechanism, spacing adjustment mechanism can be adjusted according to the different legume crop dense planting row spacing specifications, so that it adapts to different specifications of planting demand, and cooperates with auxiliary positioning mechanism, guides fertilization mechanism, for batch fertilization work to multiple rows of plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer application devices for legume crops, specifically an adjustable fertilizer application device for densely planted legume crops. Background Technology

[0002] High-density planting of legumes has become the main planting method for soybeans, peas and other grain and oil crops in China due to its advantages such as high land utilization and outstanding total yield. High-density planting has narrow row spacing and dense plant spacing, which puts forward higher requirements for the operation accuracy, row spacing adaptability and terrain adaptability of field fertilization equipment. At present, most of the fertilization equipment used in the field is of general structure, which has exposed many difficult-to-solve technical defects when operating in high-density legume fields.

[0003] Because the standards for dense planting of legumes vary in different production areas and varieties, fertilization equipment with fixed row spacing cannot flexibly adjust the spacing between fertilizer feed heads. If forced to operate, fertilizer may deviate from the crop roots, resulting in local missed application or over-application. This not only reduces fertilizer utilization but also easily causes seedling burn and weak seedlings due to uneven fertilization, thus restricting the increase of crop yield. Furthermore, when legumes are densely planted, the spacing between plants and rows is greatly reduced, and the root systems of the plants are densely distributed and close to each other. In the later stages, topdressing needs to be done by opening furrows between the rows. However, if the row spacing is too narrow or the planting path is curved, direct fertilization can easily lead to the fertilization furrows being too close to the seedling roots. The furrowing parts can easily scratch or cut the plant roots, causing root damage and seedling death. At the same time, if the fertilizer is too close to the roots, it can easily cause seedling burn, which seriously affects the yield.

[0004] To avoid damaging seedlings and roots when fertilizing and trenching during dense planting of legumes, existing technologies generally use the method of raising the entire machine and trencher to avoid the above problems. However, raising the machine can easily cause trenching to shift, become uneven in depth, and become unstable, resulting in inaccurate trenching positions and off-target fertilization points, which in turn exacerbates the risk of root damage and seedling burn. Meanwhile, affected by the traction trajectory and terrain undulations, the fertilizer feeding head assembly is prone to lateral deviation. Existing equipment lacks a targeted curve correction structure and mostly relies on the driver to manually correct the driving route for compensation, resulting in delayed correction and poor accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an adjustable fertilization device for densely planted legumes, solving the problem that existing fertilization equipment often has a fixed spacing between the fertilization heads, which can only adapt to a single planting row spacing. Fixed-row fertilization equipment cannot flexibly adjust the spacing between the fertilization heads.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an adjustable fertilization device for dense planting of legumes, comprising: Support frame; The drive wheels are rotatably mounted on both sides of the support frame; The fertilizer application mechanism is located above the support frame; The fertilization mechanism includes a storage bin fixed on a support frame. The storage bin is provided with a feeding port. Multiple telescopic pipes are fixedly installed at the bottom of the storage bin. The discharge ends of the multiple telescopic pipes are all equipped with trough-type fertilizer rollers, and the trough-type fertilizer rollers are fixedly installed with fertilizer feeding heads through connecting pipes. An auxiliary positioning mechanism includes a mounting plate installed at the bottom of a support frame, and the mounting plate is provided with a guide component for guiding the fertilizer dispensing head; A spacing adjustment mechanism is located at the bottom of the support frame and is used to adjust the distance between multiple fertilizer dispensing heads; A bending path adjustment mechanism is located at the bottom of the support frame and is used to provide early warning adjustment in response to bending paths. The bending path adjustment mechanism includes a rotating rod rotatably mounted on the mounting plate. The bottom end of the rotating rod is fixed with a detection wheel for contacting the crop stem and bending with the path. The top end of the rotating rod is equipped with a position sensor for detecting the deflection angle of the rotating rod and outputting a signal. The bottom of the spacing adjustment mechanism is provided with a lateral movement component, which is used to drive the mounting plate to move laterally according to the angle signal output by the position sensor.

[0007] Preferably, a mixing rod is rotatably installed inside the storage bin, and several mixing plates are fixed on the outer surface of the mixing rod. Both the outer surface of the mixing rod and the outer surface of the drive wheel shaft are fixed with sprockets. The two sprockets are connected by chain drive. A spare motor is fixedly installed on the storage bin, and the end of the mixing rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the spare motor.

[0008] Preferably, a tamping rod is slidably installed inside the connecting pipe, a contact plate is fixedly installed at the end of the tamping rod, a contact wheel is fixedly installed at the end of the contact plate, a drive cam that fits against the contact wheel is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the axle of the trough fertilizer wheel, and an elastic element is sleeved on the outer surface of the tamping rod, with the two ends of the elastic element fixedly installed on the contact plate and the connecting pipe, respectively.

[0009] Preferably, the fertilizer dispensing head is fixed on the mounting plate, an auxiliary wheel is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate, a slotted plate is mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate between the auxiliary wheel and the fertilizer dispensing head, an encoder and a controller are provided on the auxiliary wheel, and a soil covering plate is detachably mounted on the support frame.

[0010] Preferably, the guide assembly includes a protective frame fixedly installed at the bottom of the support frame, and a limit slider is fixedly installed on the top of each of the plurality of mounting plates. The limit slider is slidably installed in a slide rail opened at the bottom of the protective frame.

[0011] Preferably, an adjusting guide plate is slidably installed inside the protective frame, and a linear drive mechanism is fixed inside the protective frame. The adjusting guide plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the linear drive mechanism. Multiple adjusting channels are opened on the adjusting guide plate, and a sliding rod is slidably arranged in each adjusting channel. The sliding rod is fixedly connected to a limiting slider. The multiple adjusting channels on the adjusting guide plate are inclined, and the two sides of the multiple adjusting channels are arranged in a figure-eight shape. A limiting block that fits against the adjusting guide plate is fixed on the outer surface of the sliding rod.

[0012] Preferably, a connecting plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the limiting slider, and a plurality of elastic elements are fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting plate, with the bottom ends of the plurality of elastic elements connected to the mounting plate.

[0013] Preferably, the lateral movement assembly includes a fixing frame fixed to the bottom ends of multiple elastic elements, a wedge-shaped guide block fixedly installed on the top of the mounting plate, and an adjusting block installed inside the fixing frame via a driving component. The adjusting block has staggered inclined surfaces that cooperate with the wedge-shaped guide block.

[0014] Preferably, the driving component includes a threaded rod rotatably mounted inside a fixed frame, a drive motor is fixedly mounted on the side of the fixed frame, the end of the threaded rod is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, and the adjusting block is threadedly mounted on the outer surface of the threaded rod.

[0015] In the above scheme, an encoder and a controller are installed on the auxiliary wheel. The encoder collects the actual row spacing fluctuations in the field in real time, and the controller drives the adjustment guide plate to move according to the row spacing deviation, thereby adjusting the spacing of the fertilizer dispensing head and realizing adaptive matching of row spacing for densely planted crops.

[0016] Working principle: The linear drive mechanism is activated, which drives the adjustment guide plate to move, in conjunction with the figure-eight tilt adjustment channel. The sliding rod moves synchronously through the mounting plate, causing the fertilizer feeding head to move synchronously. This enables synchronous adaptive adjustment of the spacing between multiple fertilizer feeding heads, allowing the fertilizer application mechanism to be adjusted according to the different row spacing specifications for dense planting of legume crops. After adjustment, the support frame is connected to the tractor, which drives the support frame to move. When the support frame moves, the power of the drive wheel is transmitted to the mixing rod through the sprocket and chain, realizing the following mixing operation and realizing the following dynamic mixing of fertilizer inside the storage tank, avoiding fertilizer stacking and sticking and affecting the feeding work. The control mechanism opens the trough-type fertilizer applicator, which feeds fertilizer through the telescopic pipe and connecting pipe into the fertilizer applicator head for application. The auxiliary wheel guides and supports the mounting plate, ensuring the stability of the fertilizer applicator head's working position. During the fertilizer application process, the auxiliary wheel rolls along the low-lying area between two rows of crops, and the grooving plate creates a fertilizer trench. The fertilizer applicator head is aligned with this trench to maintain the alignment between the fertilizer applicator head and the trench. During the movement, the detection wheel senses the curvature of the path in real time. When it comes into contact with the plant stem, the detection wheel will rotate under force and transmit a signal through the position sensor to control the start of the drive motor to drive the threaded rod to rotate. The threaded rod drives the adjusting block to move. The adjusting block moves to contact the wedge-shaped guide block, causing the wedge-shaped guide block to move laterally. This, in turn, causes the entire mounting plate to move laterally, adjusting the fertilization path and moving it away from the seedlings to avoid damaging them. The mounting plate is located behind the fertilizer feeding head. It can be used to install a detachable soil covering plate, which can be removed directly when soil covering is not required. It can also be used with an independent soil covering machine to complete the soil covering operation, adapting to different fertilization conditions.

[0017] This invention provides an adjustable fertilization device for densely planted legumes. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention incorporates a fertilization mechanism, an auxiliary positioning mechanism, a spacing adjustment mechanism, and a curved path adjustment mechanism. The spacing adjustment mechanism allows for adjustment of the fertilization mechanism according to different planting density specifications for legume crops, adapting it to varying planting requirements. It works in conjunction with the auxiliary positioning mechanism to guide the fertilization mechanism, enabling batch fertilization of multiple rows of plants. Simultaneously, it works in conjunction with the curved path adjustment mechanism to adapt to curved planting paths, providing adaptive positional adjustment for plants with staggered planting deviations, thus avoiding seedling burn caused by fertilization being too close to the roots.

[0018] 2. This invention, by setting up a mixing rod and a synchronous transmission assembly, allows the power of the drive wheel to drive the mixing rod to rotate when the support frame moves, thereby realizing the dynamic mixing of fertilizer inside the storage tank. During operation, the mixing process is carried out in real time, effectively preventing fertilizer from piling up and sticking together, which affects the feeding process and improves the uniformity of fertilization. At the same time, the independent backup motor set on the storage tank can be started independently to start the mixing during long-term shutdown or low-speed operation to prevent fertilizer from sticking together, while reducing equipment energy consumption and manufacturing costs.

[0019] 3. This invention, by setting up an adjusting guide plate, a linear drive mechanism, and a sliding rod, preferably an electric push rod, uses the linear drive mechanism to drive the adjusting guide plate to move. In conjunction with the sliding cooperation between the figure-eight inclined adjusting channel and the sliding rod, the movement of the sliding rod drives the fertilizer dispensing head to move synchronously through the mounting plate, realizing the synchronous adaptive adjustment of the spacing between multiple sets of fertilizer dispensing heads. This adapts to different dense planting row spacing specifications for legume crops, greatly improving the equipment's versatility and fertilizer positioning accuracy.

[0020] 4. This invention, by setting up a rotating rod, a detection wheel, a position sensor, and a lateral movement component, utilizes the detection wheel to sense the path curvature in real time during movement. When in contact with plant stems, the detection wheel rotates under force, and the signal is transmitted through the position sensor. As the detection wheel deflects along the curved path, the rotating rod rotates synchronously, and the position sensor outputs a signal proportional to the deflection angle. After processing by the controller, the direction and magnitude of the path curvature are determined. When the deflection angle exceeds a preset threshold, the controller drives the lateral movement component to cause the entire mounting plate to shift laterally, thereby achieving automatic correction of the fertilization path and dynamic correction of the fertilization position on curved paths, avoiding damage to seedlings in densely planted areas.

[0021] 5. This invention uses a fixed frame, a wedge-shaped guide block, an adjusting block, a drive motor, and a threaded rod to control the drive motor to rotate the threaded rod, which in turn drives the adjusting block to move. The adjusting block moves until it contacts the wedge-shaped guide block, causing the wedge-shaped guide block to move laterally, which in turn causes the entire mounting plate to move laterally, adjusting the fertilization path and keeping it away from the seedlings to avoid damaging them. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention from another angle; Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of the angle structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spacing adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the protective frame structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilization mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary positioning mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fixing frame structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the storage bin of the present invention.

[0023] 1. Support frame; 2. Drive wheel; 3. Fertilizer applicator; 301. Storage hopper; 302. Mixing rod; 303. Sprocket; 304. Chain; 305. Telescopic tube; 306. Trenched fertilizer applicator wheel; 307. Connecting pipe; 308. Fertilizer discharge head; 309. Contact plate; 310. Contact wheel; 311. Drive cam; 312. Tamping rod; 313. Elastic element one; 4. Auxiliary positioning mechanism; 401. Mounting plate; 402. Auxiliary wheel; 403. Opening... 404. Groove plate; 405. Rotating rod; 406. Detector wheel; 407. Position sensor; 5. Spacing adjustment mechanism; 501. Protective frame; 502. Adjusting guide plate; 503. Linear drive mechanism; 504. Sliding rod; 505. Limiting slider; 506. Connecting plate; 507. Elastic element II; 6. Bending path adjustment mechanism; 601. Fixing frame; 602. Wedge guide block; 603. Adjusting block; 604. Threaded rod; 605. Drive motor; 7. Soil cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Please see the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 3 and attached Figure 6 This invention provides an adjustable fertilization device for densely planted legumes, comprising: Support frame 1; The drive wheel 2 is rotatably mounted on both sides of the support frame 1; Fertilizer application mechanism 3 is installed above support frame 1; The fertilization mechanism 3 includes a storage tank 301 fixed on the support frame 1. The storage tank 301 is provided with a feeding port. Multiple telescopic pipes 305 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the storage tank 301. The discharge end of the multiple telescopic pipes 305 is equipped with a trough-type fertilizer wheel 306, and the trough-type fertilizer wheel 306 is fixedly installed with a fertilizer feeding head 308 through a connecting pipe 307. The auxiliary positioning mechanism 4 includes a mounting plate 401 installed at the bottom of the support frame 1, and a guide component is provided on the mounting plate 401 for guiding the fertilizer feeding head 308. The spacing adjustment mechanism 5 is located at the bottom of the support frame 1 and is used to adjust the distance between multiple fertilizer feeding heads 308; The bending path adjustment mechanism 6 is located at the bottom of the support frame 1 and is used to provide early warning adjustment in response to bending paths. The bending path adjustment mechanism 6 includes a rotating rod 404 rotatably mounted on the mounting plate 401. The bottom end of the rotating rod 404 is fixed with a detection wheel 405 for contacting the crop stem and bending with the path. The top end of the rotating rod 404 is equipped with a position sensor 406 for detecting the deflection angle of the rotating rod and outputting a signal. The bottom of the spacing adjustment mechanism 5 is provided with a lateral movement component, which is used to drive the mounting plate 401 to move laterally according to the angle signal output by the position sensor 406.

[0026] By setting up a fertilization mechanism 3, an auxiliary positioning mechanism 4, a spacing adjustment mechanism 5, and a curved path adjustment mechanism 6, the spacing adjustment mechanism 5 can adjust the fertilization mechanism 3 according to the different specifications of dense planting row spacing of legume crops, so as to adapt it to different planting requirements. In conjunction with the auxiliary positioning mechanism 4, it guides the fertilization mechanism 3 for batch fertilization of multi-row plants. At the same time, the curved path adjustment mechanism 6 is used to adapt to curved planting paths and make adaptive position adjustments for plants with staggered planting deviations, so as to avoid seedling burn caused by fertilization being too close to the roots. Specifically, by setting up a rotating rod 404, a detection wheel 405, a position sensor 406, and a lateral movement component, the detection wheel 405 senses the bending state of the path in real time during movement. The detection blades of the detection wheel 405 are made of flexible material to avoid scratching the plant stem due to rigid force when in contact with it. The detection wheel 405 will rotate under force, and the signal is transmitted through the position sensor 406. The position sensor is an angle sensor, preferably a Hall effect or potentiometer angle sensor. Hall effect or potentiometer angle sensors are existing technology. Without going into too much detail, it is used to detect the change in deflection angle of the detection wheel 405 when it contacts the crop stem. When the detection wheel 405 deflects along the curved path, the rotating rod 404 rotates synchronously, and the position sensor 406 outputs a signal proportional to the deflection angle. After processing by the controller, the direction and magnitude of the path curvature are determined. When the deflection angle exceeds the preset threshold, the controller drives the lateral motion component to make the mounting plate 401 move laterally as a whole, so as to realize the automatic correction of the fertilization path and the dynamic correction of the fertilization position under the curved path, thus avoiding seedling damage in densely planted areas.

[0027] For details, please refer to the appendix. Figure 9 A mixing rod 302 is rotatably installed inside the storage bin 301. Several mixing plates are fixed on the outer surface of the mixing rod 302. Sprockets 303 are fixed on the outer surface of both the mixing rod 302 and the drive wheel 2 shaft. The two sprockets 303 are connected by a chain 304. A spare motor is fixedly installed on the storage bin 301. The end of the mixing rod 302 is fixedly connected to the output end of the spare motor.

[0028] By setting up a mixing rod 302 and a synchronous transmission assembly, the power of the drive wheel 2 drives the mixing rod 302 to rotate when the support frame 1 moves, realizing the dynamic mixing of fertilizer inside the storage tank 301. The mixing process is carried out in real time during operation. At the same time, the storage tank 301 is equipped with an independent backup motor, which can be started independently for stirring during long-term shutdown or low-speed operation to prevent fertilizer from getting damp and sticking together, improve the uniformity of fertilization, and reduce equipment energy consumption and manufacturing costs. By setting up a sprocket 303 and a chain 304, the driving power of the drive wheel 2 is synchronously transmitted to the mixing rod 302 to realize the mixing operation. No additional motor drive is required. The structure is simple and the power linkage is stable, effectively preventing fertilizer from piling up and sticking together, and improving the uniformity of fertilization.

[0029] For details, please refer to the appendix. Figure 9 A tamping rod 312 is slidably installed inside the connecting pipe 307. A contact plate 309 is fixedly installed at the end of the tamping rod 312. A contact wheel 310 is fixedly installed at the end of the contact plate 309. A drive cam 311 that fits against the contact wheel 310 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the axle of the trough-type fertilizer wheel 306. An elastic element 313 is sleeved on the outer surface of the tamping rod 312. The two ends of the elastic element 313 are fixedly installed on the contact plate 309 and the connecting pipe 307, respectively.

[0030] By setting up a tamping rod 312, a contact plate 309, a drive cam 311, a contact wheel 310, and an elastic element 313, the trough-type fertilizer applicator 306 rotates while the drive cam 311 intermittently contacts the contact wheel 310 during its rotation. This causes the drive cam 311 to drive the tamping rod 312 to reciprocate through the contact plate 309. The elastic element 313 ensures that the contact wheel 310 and the drive cam 311 are always in contact, allowing the tamping rod 312 to slide back and forth inside the connecting pipe 307. This loosens and pushes the fertilizer inside the connecting pipe 307, preventing fertilizer from clogging inside the connecting pipe 307.

[0031] For details, please refer to the appendix. Figure 7 and attached Figure 6 The fertilizer feeding head 308 is fixed on the mounting plate 401. An auxiliary wheel 402 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate 401. A slotted plate 403 is installed on the bottom of the mounting plate 401 between the auxiliary wheel 402 and the fertilizer feeding head 308. An encoder and a controller are installed on the auxiliary wheel 402. A soil covering plate 7 is detachably mounted on the support frame 1.

[0032] By setting up an installation plate 401, auxiliary wheels 402, and a slotting plate 403, the auxiliary wheels 402 guide and support the installation plate 401, ensuring the stability of the fertilizer dispensing head 308's working position. During the fertilization process, the auxiliary wheels 402 roll along the low-lying area between two rows of crops, and the slotting plate 403 creates a fertilization groove. The fertilizer dispensing head 308 aligns with this groove to apply fertilizer. The auxiliary wheels 402 are used to keep the fertilizer dispensing head 308 aligned with the groove. The encoder collects the actual row spacing fluctuations in the field in real time, and the controller drives the adjustment guide plate 502 to move according to the row spacing deviation, adjusting the spacing of the fertilizer dispensing head 308 to achieve adaptive matching of the row spacing of densely planted crops.

[0033] For details, please refer to the appendix. Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 The guide assembly includes a protective frame 501 fixedly installed at the bottom of the support frame 1, and a limit slider 505 fixedly installed on the top of a plurality of mounting plates 401. The limit slider 505 is slidably installed in a slide rail opened at the bottom of the protective frame 501.

[0034] By setting the limit slider 505 and the protective frame 501, the mounting plate 401 is stably limited to slide along the slide of the protective frame 501, which restricts the shaking and deviation of the fertilizer dispensing head 308 during operation, effectively offsets the positional error caused by field bumps, ensures the stability of the distance adjustment of multiple sets of fertilizer dispensing heads 308, and improves the stability of dense planting fertilization.

[0035] For details, please refer to the appendix. Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 An adjusting guide plate 502 is slidably installed inside the protective frame 501. A linear drive mechanism 503 is fixed inside the protective frame 501. The adjusting guide plate 502 is fixedly connected to the output end of the linear drive mechanism 503. Multiple adjusting channels are provided on the adjusting guide plate 502. A sliding rod 504 is slidably arranged in the adjusting channel and is fixedly connected to a limiting slider 505. The multiple adjusting channels on the adjusting guide plate 502 are inclined and arranged in a V-shape with their two sides facing each other. A limiting block that fits against the adjusting guide plate 502 is fixed on the outer surface of the sliding rod 504. A connecting plate 506 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the limiting slider 505. Several elastic elements 507 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting plate 506. The bottom ends of the elastic elements 507 are all connected to the mounting plate 401.

[0036] By setting up an adjusting guide plate 502, an elastic element 507, a linear drive mechanism 503, and a sliding rod 504, the linear drive mechanism 503 is preferably an electric push rod. The linear drive mechanism 503 drives the adjusting guide plate 502 to move. With the sliding cooperation of the figure-eight tilt adjustment channel and the sliding rod 504, the movement of the sliding rod 504 drives the fertilizer dispensing head 308 to move synchronously through the mounting plate 401. This achieves synchronous adaptive adjustment of the spacing between multiple sets of fertilizer dispensing heads 308, adapting to different row spacing specifications for legume crops, greatly improving versatility and fertilizer positioning accuracy. The elastic element 507 is preferably a shock-absorbing spring, used to adapt to uneven soil surfaces, and also plays a role in buffering and shock absorption.

[0037] For details, please refer to the appendix. Figure 7 and attached Figure 8 The lateral motion component includes a fixed frame 601 fixed to the bottom of multiple elastic elements 507. A wedge-shaped guide block 602 is fixedly installed on the top of the mounting plate 401. An adjusting block 603 is installed inside the fixed frame 601 via a driving component. The adjusting block 603 has staggered inclined surfaces that cooperate with the wedge-shaped guide block 602. The driving component includes a threaded rod 604 rotatably installed inside the fixed frame 601. A drive motor 605 is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed frame 601. The end of the threaded rod 604 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 605. The adjusting block 603 is threadedly installed on the outer surface of the threaded rod 604.

[0038] By setting up a fixed frame 601, a wedge-shaped guide block 602, an adjusting block 603, a drive motor 605, and a threaded rod 604, the drive motor 605 is turned on to drive the threaded rod 604 to rotate. The threaded rod 604 drives the adjusting block 603 to move. The adjusting block 603 moves to contact the wedge-shaped guide block 602, causing the wedge-shaped guide block 602 to move laterally. This, in turn, causes the mounting plate 401 to move laterally as a whole, adjusting the fertilization path away from the seedlings and avoiding damage to them.

[0039] Working principle: The linear drive mechanism 503 is activated, which drives the adjusting guide plate 502 to move. In conjunction with the sliding cooperation of the figure-eight tilt adjustment channel and the sliding rod 504, the movement of the sliding rod 504 drives the fertilizer dispensing head 308 to move synchronously through the mounting plate 401, realizing the synchronous adaptive adjustment of the spacing between multiple sets of fertilizer dispensing heads 308. The fertilizer dispensing mechanism 3 is adjusted according to the different row spacing specifications of dense planting of legume crops. After adjustment, the support frame 1 is connected to the tractor, which drives the support frame 1 to move. When the support frame 1 moves, the power of the drive wheel 2 is transmitted synchronously to the mixing rod 302 through the sprocket 303 and chain 304, so as to realize the following mixing operation and realize the following dynamic mixing of fertilizer inside the storage bucket 301, so as to avoid the fertilizer from stacking and sticking and affecting the feeding work. The control opens the trough-type fertilizer applicator 306, which sends fertilizer through the telescopic pipe 305 and the connecting pipe 307 to the fertilizer applicator head 308 for fertilization. The auxiliary wheel 402 guides and supports the mounting plate 401, ensuring the stability of the fertilizer applicator head 308 during operation. During the fertilization process, the auxiliary wheel 402 rolls along the low-lying area between two rows of crops. The grooving plate 403 opens a fertilization trough, and the fertilizer applicator head 308 is aligned with the trough to maintain the alignment between the fertilizer applicator head 308 and the trough. During the movement, the detection wheel 405 senses the bending state of the path in real time. When it comes into contact with the plant stem, the detection wheel 405 will rotate under force and transmit a signal through the position sensor 406 to control the start of the drive motor 605 to drive the threaded rod 604 to rotate. The threaded rod 604 drives the adjusting block 603 to move. The adjusting block 603 moves to contact the wedge-shaped guide block 602, causing the wedge-shaped guide block 602 to move laterally. This, in turn, causes the mounting plate 401 to move laterally as a whole, adjusting the fertilization path away from the seedlings and avoiding damage to the seedlings. The mounting plate 401 is located behind the fertilizer feeding head 308. A detachable soil covering plate 7 is installed on it. It can be removed directly when soil covering is not required. It can also be used with an independent soil covering machine to complete the soil covering operation, adapting to different fertilization conditions.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adjustable fertilization device for dense planting of legumes, characterized in that, include: Support frame (1); The drive wheel (2) is rotatably mounted on both sides of the support frame (1); The fertilization mechanism (3) is set above the support frame (1); The fertilization mechanism (3) includes a storage bin (301) fixed on a support frame (1). The storage bin (301) is provided with a filling port. Multiple telescopic pipes (305) are fixedly installed at the bottom of the storage bin (301). The discharge ends of the multiple telescopic pipes (305) are all equipped with trough-type fertilizer rollers (306), and the trough-type fertilizer rollers (306) are fixedly installed with fertilizer feeding heads (308) through connecting pipes (307). The auxiliary positioning mechanism (4) includes a mounting plate (401) installed at the bottom of the support frame (1), and the mounting plate (401) is provided with a guide component for guiding the fertilizer feeding head (308); The spacing adjustment mechanism (5) is set at the bottom of the support frame (1) and is used to adjust the distance between multiple fertilizer feeding heads (308); The bending path adjustment mechanism (6) is set at the bottom of the support frame (1) and is used to make early warning adjustments in response to bending paths; The bending path adjustment mechanism (6) includes a rotating rod (404) rotatably mounted on the mounting plate (401). The bottom end of the rotating rod (404) is fixed with a detection wheel (405) for contacting the crop stem and deflecting with the bending path. The top end of the rotating rod (404) is equipped with a position sensor (406) for detecting the deflection angle of the rotating rod and outputting a signal. The bottom of the spacing adjustment mechanism (5) is provided with a lateral movement component, which is used to drive the mounting plate (401) to move laterally according to the angle signal output by the position sensor (406).

2. The adjustable fertilization device for dense planting of legumes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mixing rod (302) is rotatably installed inside the storage bin (301). Several mixing plates are fixed on the outer surface of the mixing rod (302). Sprockets (303) are fixed on the outer surface of both the mixing rod (302) and the drive wheel (2) axle. The two sprockets (303) are connected by a chain (304). A spare motor is fixedly installed on the storage bin (301). The end of the mixing rod (302) is fixedly connected to the output end of the spare motor.

3. The adjustable fertilization device for dense planting of legumes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tamping rod (312) is slidably installed inside the connecting pipe (307). A contact plate (309) is fixedly installed at the end of the tamping rod (312). A contact wheel (310) is fixedly installed at the end of the contact plate (309). A drive cam (311) that fits against the contact wheel (310) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the axle of the trough-type fertilizer wheel (306). An elastic element (313) is sleeved on the outer surface of the tamping rod (312). The two ends of the elastic element (313) are fixedly installed on the contact plate (309) and the connecting pipe (307), respectively.

4. The adjustable fertilization device for dense planting of legumes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fertilizer feeding head (308) is fixed on the mounting plate (401). An auxiliary wheel (402) is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate (401). A slotted plate (403) is installed between the auxiliary wheel (402) and the fertilizer feeding head (308) at the bottom of the mounting plate (401). An encoder and a controller are provided on the auxiliary wheel (402). A soil covering plate (7) is detachably mounted on the support frame (1).

5. The adjustable fertilization device for dense planting of legumes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide assembly includes a protective frame (501) fixedly installed at the bottom of the support frame (1), and a limit slider (505) fixedly installed on the top of each of the multiple mounting plates (401). The limit slider (505) is slidably installed in a slide rail opened at the bottom of the protective frame (501).

6. The adjustable fertilization device for dense planting of legumes according to claim 5, characterized in that: An adjusting guide plate (502) is slidably installed inside the protective frame (501). A linear drive mechanism (503) is fixed inside the protective frame (501). The adjusting guide plate (502) is fixedly connected to the output end of the linear drive mechanism (503). Multiple adjusting channels are provided on the adjusting guide plate (502). A sliding rod (504) is slidably arranged in the adjusting channel. The sliding rod (504) is fixedly connected to the limiting slider (505). The multiple adjusting channels on the adjusting guide plate (502) are inclined and the two sides of the multiple adjusting channels are arranged in a figure-eight shape. A limiting block that fits against the adjusting guide plate (502) is fixed on the outer surface of the sliding rod (504).

7. An adjustable fertilization device for dense planting of legumes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the limiting slider (505) is fixedly installed with a connecting plate (506), and the bottom of the connecting plate (506) is fixedly installed with a plurality of elastic elements (507), the bottom ends of the plurality of elastic elements (507) are all connected to the mounting plate (401).

8. The adjustable fertilization device for dense planting of legumes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lateral motion assembly includes a fixed frame (601) fixed to the bottom of multiple elastic elements (507), a wedge-shaped guide block (602) fixedly installed on the top of the mounting plate (401), and an adjusting block (603) installed inside the fixed frame (601) via a driving component. The adjusting block (603) has an inclined surface that is staggered front and back and used to cooperate with the wedge-shaped guide block (602).

9. An adjustable fertilization device for dense planting of legumes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The driving component includes a threaded rod (604) rotatably mounted inside a fixed frame (601), a drive motor (605) is fixedly mounted on the side of the fixed frame (601), the end of the threaded rod (604) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor (605), and the adjusting block (603) is threadedly mounted on the outer surface of the threaded rod (604).

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