Sunflower breeding threshing device

Abstract

The application discloses a sunflower breeding threshing device and belongs to the technical field of sunflower threshing equipment. The device comprises a rack, a threshing mechanism, a driving mechanism and a collecting box. The threshing mechanism adopts four threshing rollers arranged in an up-down mode, and low-speed and high-speed differential speed rubbing threshing is realized through a gear set. The threshing cover plate is equipped with a shock absorber, can be self-adaptively retreated and can effectively prevent material blockage and seed breakage. A push-pull open-close type box cover is arranged at the top of the rack, a closed blowing system is formed by cooperating with a double-shaft flow blower, a wind collecting box and an air inlet hole, internal residual grains and impurities can be quickly cleaned, and variety mixing can be avoided. The application is designed for sunflower breeding and germplasm preservation, supports single-disk / single-plant independent operation, has the advantages of gentle threshing, low damage, cleanliness, no residue, stable operation, convenient operation and the like, can solve the problems of low artificial threshing efficiency, easy breakage and mixing of general models, difficult cleaning of material blockage of small equipment and the like and is suitable for field test and laboratory variety testing scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sunflower threshing equipment technology, specifically relating to a special threshing device suitable for sunflower breeding, testing, and demonstration scenarios, which can realize individual threshing of single plants, seed testing, and safe seed preservation. Background Technology

[0002] In sunflower breeding, variety testing and germplasm resource preservation, it is necessary to thresh individual plants, individual seed heads and small batches of sunflower seed heads independently to ensure seed purity, avoid variety mixing and meet the requirements for seed testing and germplasm preservation.

[0003] Currently used threshing methods have significant shortcomings: 1. Manual threshing: extremely inefficient, labor-intensive, incomplete threshing, seeds easily scattered and damaged, difficult to collect, and cannot meet the needs of batch testing; 2. General agricultural threshing devices: These are large, have high speeds, and strong rubbing forces, which can easily cause seed damage and seed coat damage, affecting germination rates. They cannot achieve independent operation of a single tray / plant, and different varieties are easily mixed, which does not meet the requirements for dedicated germplasm resources. 3. Existing small-scale threshing equipment: poor adaptability, easy to jam material in flower heads of different thicknesses and maturity levels; lack of adaptive buffer and cleaning structure, resulting in more residues and difficulty in cleaning, making it difficult to ensure germplasm purity and equipment hygiene.

[0004] Therefore, developing a small-scale, dedicated, low-damage threshing device for sunflower germplasm resources that allows for independent operation on a single tray and leaves no residue is of great practical significance for improving breeding efficiency and seed quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a sunflower breeding threshing device that is suitable for use in sunflower field trials, indoor seed testing, and germplasm resource preservation. It can independently complete the threshing of a single tray / plant and the complete collection of seeds, effectively solving technical problems such as low efficiency of manual threshing, difficulty in seed collection, seed damage and variety mixing caused by general-purpose machines, and equipment residue pollution.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A sunflower breeding threshing device includes a frame, a threshing mechanism, a drive mechanism, and a collection box, characterized in that: The frame includes a frame, a left box panel, a right box panel, a front box door, and a rear box door. The left box panel and the right box panel are symmetrically installed on the left and right sides of the frame. The threshing mechanism includes a roller assembly mounted between the left and right box plates. The roller assembly consists of a first threshing roller, a second threshing roller, a third threshing roller, and a fourth threshing roller arranged sequentially from top to bottom. A threshing cover plate is provided on the front side of the roller assembly, and a rear bottom plate is provided on the rear side to fix and connect the left and right box plates. A sunflower flower head threshing channel is formed between the threshing cover plate and the roller assembly. The drive mechanism includes a motor and a gear transmission assembly mounted on the left or right side of the frame and driven by the motor. The gear transmission assembly includes: a first gear, a second gear, a third gear, and a fourth gear, which are coaxially and fixedly connected to the first threshing roller, the second threshing roller, the third threshing roller, and the fourth threshing roller, respectively; a first intermediate gear meshes between the first gear and the second gear, a second intermediate gear meshes between the second gear and the third gear, and a third intermediate gear meshes between the third gear and the fourth gear; the fourth gear meshes sequentially with the fourth intermediate gear and the fifth intermediate gear, and the fifth intermediate gear meshes with a motor gear fixedly connected to the motor output shaft, forming a synchronous transmission chain from the motor to each threshing roller; The collection box is located at the bottom of the frame, below the roller assembly, and is used to receive the sunflower heads and seeds after threshing.

[0007] Preferably, four shock absorbers are installed on the front side of the threshing cover. One end of the shock absorber is fixed to the frame, and the other end is hinged to the threshing cover, which flexibly suspends the threshing cover from the frame. When sunflower heads of different thicknesses enter the threshing channel, the threshing cover can adaptively retract through the compression of the shock absorbers, ensuring that the threshing roller effectively rubs and threshes the heads, while avoiding material jamming or equipment overload caused by uneven head thickness.

[0008] Preferably, the threshing cover is an arc-shaped plate that bends forward in the middle, and its upper end is integrally bent to form a horizontal plate extending forward; a plate support fixed to both sides of the frame is provided below the horizontal plate; during threshing operation, the plate support supports and limits the threshing cover to prevent it from displacing excessively downward.

[0009] Preferably, the upper part of the rear bottom plate is provided with a feed plate that bends backward, and a bent section that bends backward is connected below the bend point. The bottom end of the bent section is integrally connected to the flat plate part to form a smooth feeding guide structure.

[0010] Preferably, a fixed box cover is fixedly mounted on the front top of the frame, and a sliding box cover that can slide back and forth is slidably mounted on the fixed box cover; the sliding box cover and the fixed box cover cooperate with each other to form an openable box cover structure on the top of the frame. Pushing the sliding box cover forward opens the feeding port, facilitating the feeding of sunflower heads for threshing; pushing the sliding box cover backward closes the feeding port.

[0011] Preferably, the upper part of the threshing cover is provided with a blowing zone, which is densely covered with air inlets; an air collection box is installed on the front side of the threshing cover, corresponding to the blowing zone position, and a blower is fixedly installed on the front side of the air collection box. The air outlet of the blower is connected to the inside of the air collection box, and the air collection box is connected to the air inlets of the blowing zone to form an air guide channel. When cleaning residual seeds or impurities inside the equipment, the sliding box cover is pushed back to form a closed blowing space at the top of the frame; the blower is started, and the airflow is rectified by the air collection box and then evenly blown into the threshing mechanism through the air inlets of the blowing zone, directionally blowing residual sunflower seeds and impurities to the collection box below, achieving rapid and thorough cleaning of the inside of the equipment, and avoiding material residue from becoming moldy or affecting the germplasm purity of subsequent batches.

[0012] Preferably, the first and third gears are gears with a large number of teeth, and the first and third threshing rollers driven by them are low-speed rollers; the second and fourth gears are gears with a small number of teeth, and the second and fourth threshing rollers driven by them are high-speed rollers; the four threshing rollers are arranged in alternating low-speed and high-speed configurations, which generate differential kneading and tearing threshing effects on the sunflower heads when rotating, significantly improving threshing cleanliness and threshing efficiency.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom of the collection box is equipped with four casters, which facilitates the quick removal, emptying and replacement of the collection box, improving the convenience of equipment use and maintenance.

[0014] Preferably, the blower is two axial-flow blowers arranged side by side to increase the air volume and the blowing coverage area, thereby improving the cleaning effect inside the equipment.

[0015] Preferably, the first threshing roller, the second threshing roller, the third threshing roller, and the fourth threshing roller are all composed of roller bodies and roller shafts, and each threshing roller is rotatably mounted between the left box plate and the right box plate through bearings at both ends.

[0016] Preferably, the gear transmission assembly further includes a gearbox body formed by the gear cover and the corresponding side box plate, the gear cover including the gear cover side panel; the first intermediate gear, the second intermediate gear, the third intermediate gear, the fourth intermediate gear and the fifth intermediate gear are all composite gears with built-in bearings, and each composite gear is rotatably assembled between the gear cover side panel and the side box plate through short shafts and end bearings. Beneficial effects

[0017] 1. High degree of specialization, ensuring germplasm purity. Designed specifically for sunflower breeding, germplasm resource preservation, and variety testing, it supports independent threshing operations for single trays and single plants, preventing cross-mixing of different varieties, ensuring seed purity throughout the process, and fully meeting the requirements for seed testing, sampling, and long-term preservation.

[0018] 2. Excellent low-loss threshing effect, with good seed integrity. It adopts a four-roller differential speed rubbing structure, with low-speed rollers and high-speed rollers working alternately, so that the threshing force is gentle and controllable, which greatly reduces grain breakage and seed coat damage, and protects the germination rate to the greatest extent. It is superior to the threshing quality of manual and general agricultural machinery.

[0019] 3. Strong adaptability, stable operation without material jamming The threshing cover, combined with an elastic shock absorber, can automatically float and retract according to the thickness of the threshing disc, adapting to threshing discs of different sizes and maturity levels, thus preventing jamming, stalling, and equipment overload from the source, making operation more reliable.

[0020] 4. A complete self-cleaning system ensures no residue and prevents contamination. Equipped with dual blowers, an air collection box, and a multi-hole uniform air blowing structure, along with a top sealable cover, it enables the rapid blowing away of residual grains and impurities in the threshing chamber, preventing mold and batch contamination, and making the equipment hygienic and easy to maintain.

[0021] 5. Compact and easy to use, suitable for a wide range of scenarios. The machine is small in size and light in weight, and can be moved flexibly in the field, laboratory and seed testing room; the collection box is equipped with casters, making it easy to pull out and unload; the top opening cover makes it easy to inspect and clean, and the operation threshold is low.

[0022] 6. Smooth and durable transmission, suitable for high-frequency operation. The all-gear synchronous transmission ensures precise and uniform power transmission, low noise, minimal wear, and a low failure rate. It can meet the long-term, small-batch, and high-frequency threshing needs of breeding units and has a long service life. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention in its decomposed state; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the threshing mechanism and blowing system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the threshing cover and air inlet structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gear transmission assembly structure of the present invention.

[0024] Reference numerals: 10-Frame, 11-Left box panel, 12-Right box panel, 13-Front box door, 14-Rear box door, 15-Fixed box cover, 16-Sliding box cover, 17-Gear cover, 20-First threshing roller, 21-Second threshing roller, 22-Third threshing roller, 23-Fourth threshing roller, 24-Threshing cover, 25-Plate support, 26-Shock absorber, 27-Rear bottom plate, 30-Motor, 31-Motor gear, 40-First gear, 41-Second gear, 42-Third gear, 43-Fourth gear, 44-First intermediate gear, 45-Second intermediate gear, 46-Third intermediate gear, 47-Fourth intermediate gear, 48-Fifth intermediate gear, 50-Air inlet, 51-Air collection box, 52-Air blower, 60-Collection box, 61-Wheel caster. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 –5. A complete and detailed description of the structure, parameters, working principle, and usage of the present invention is provided.

[0026] I. Specific Implementation Examples (Structural Composition and Parameters) This embodiment provides a complete and implementable sunflower breeding threshing device, which consists of five parts: frame, threshing mechanism, drive mechanism, blowing and cleaning mechanism, and collection box 60.

[0027] 1. Rack The frame consists of a frame 10, a left box plate 11, a right box plate 12, a front box door 13, and a rear box door 14; a fixed box cover plate 15 is fixedly installed on the front of the top, and a sliding box cover plate 16 is slidably installed on it to form an openable feeding port; a gear cover 17 is installed on the side, which together with the left box plate 11 forms a closed gearbox.

[0028] 2. Threshing mechanism The threshing mechanism includes four threshing rollers, which are, from top to bottom, the first threshing roller 20, the second threshing roller 21, the third threshing roller 22, and the fourth threshing roller 23. Each roller is composed of a roller body and a roller shaft, and is installed between the left box plate 11 and the right box plate 12 through bearings at both ends. An arc-shaped threshing cover plate 24 is provided on the front side, and a horizontal plate part and a plate support 25 are provided on the upper end for limiting. The threshing cover plate 24 is elastically suspended on the frame 10 through four shock absorbers 26. A rear bottom plate 27 is provided on the rear side, and the upper part is a backward-bending feeding guide structure.

[0029] 3. Drive mechanism and gear parameters The drive mechanism uses a 30-speed motor paired with a gear transmission set. All gears are standard spur gears, with the following specific number of teeth: First gear 40: 21 teeth; Second gear 41: 12 teeth; Third gear 42: 21 teeth; Fourth gear 43: 12 teeth; First intermediate gear 44, second intermediate gear 45, and third intermediate gear 46: all have 15 teeth; Fourth intermediate gear 47 and fifth intermediate gear 48: both have 21 teeth; Motor gear 31: 12 teeth.

[0030] Transmission path: motor gear 31 → fifth intermediate gear 48 → fourth intermediate gear 47 → fourth gear 43 → third intermediate gear 46 → third gear 42 → second intermediate gear 45 → second gear 41 → first intermediate gear 44 → first gear 40, realizing synchronous differential rotation of four rollers.

[0031] 4. Air blowing and cleaning mechanism Multiple rows of 3-5mm diameter air inlets 50 are opened on the upper part of the threshing cover plate 24; an air collection box 51 is installed on the outer side; two parallel axial flow blowers 52 are installed in front of the air collection box 51, and the air outlets are connected to the inside of the air collection box 51 to form a rectified and uniform air supply system.

[0032] 5. Collection box The collection box 60 is located directly below the threshing mechanism, and four casters 61 are installed at the bottom, allowing it to be freely pulled out, moved, unloaded, and replaced.

[0033] II. Working Principle 1. Differential threshing principle Motor 30 drives four threshing rollers via a gear set. The first and third threshing rollers 20 and 22 are driven by large gears to rotate at low speed, while the second and fourth threshing rollers 21 and 23 are driven by small gears to rotate at high speed, forming an alternating low-speed-high-speed-low-speed-high-speed arrangement. After the seed disc enters the threshing channel, under the differential rubbing and tearing action, the grains quickly detach from the seed disc and fall into the collection box 60, ensuring thorough threshing without damaging the seeds.

[0034] 2. Adaptive anti-jamming principle The threshing cover 24 is elastically supported by the shock absorber 26. When the thickness of the threshing disc changes, the threshing cover 24 can float back and forth to ensure continuous and effective kneading, while avoiding jamming, overload and impact damage.

[0035] 3. Principle of air blowing for cleaning After the top of the threshing box is closed by pushing the cover 16, the blower 52 sends air into the air collection box 51 and blows it evenly into the threshing channel through the air inlet 50, blowing all the residual grains, flower debris and impurities into the collection box 60, achieving thorough cleaning and preventing the mixing of different varieties.

[0036] III. Usage Instructions (Installation, Use, and Maintenance) 1. Installation and debugging Place the equipment on a flat surface and check whether the frame 10, box panel, and box door are secure; push the collection box 60 into the bottom of the frame; confirm that the gearbox is well lubricated and the gears mesh normally; connect the power supply, start the motor 30 under no-load, and observe the rotation direction and stability of the four rollers; start the blower 52 under no-load and confirm that the air supply is normal and there is no abnormal noise.

[0037] 2. Used in threshing operations Pull the push-pull box cover 16 forward to open the feeding port; start the motor 30 to put the threshing roller into working condition; put the single sunflower disc into the feeding port and enter the threshing channel along the rear bottom plate 27; the disc is threshed under the differential speed rubbing of the four rollers, and the kernels and residue fall into the collection box 60; after the single disc is threshed, stop the motor 30.

[0038] 3. Cleaning and sample change operations Push the sliding box cover 16 backward to close the feeding port; start the blower 52 and run it for 10–20 seconds to complete the cleaning of internal residues; turn off the blower 52 and you can proceed to the next sample threshing to ensure no cross-contamination.

[0039] 4. Routine maintenance Regularly open the front box door 13, rear box door 14 and top cover to clean up internal debris; regularly check the elasticity of the shock absorber 26 and the position of the threshing cover 24; regularly add grease to the gear transmission assembly; empty the collection box 60 in time to keep the inside dry; when not in use for a long time, disconnect the power and cover it to prevent dust.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sunflower breeding threshing device, comprising a frame, a threshing mechanism, a drive mechanism, and a collection box (60), characterized in that: The frame includes a frame (10), a left box plate (11), a right box plate (12), a front box door (13), and a rear box door (14); the threshing mechanism includes a first threshing roller (20), a second threshing roller (21), a third threshing roller (22), and a fourth threshing roller (23) mounted between the left box plate (11) and the right box plate (12), with a threshing cover plate (24) on the front side and a rear bottom plate (27) on the rear side, forming a threshing channel; the drive mechanism includes a motor (30) and a gear transmission group; the gear transmission group includes a first gear (40), a second gear (41), a third gear (42), a fourth gear (43), a first intermediate gear (44), a second intermediate gear (45), a third intermediate gear (46), a fourth intermediate gear (47), a fifth intermediate gear (48), and a motor gear (31), forming a synchronous transmission chain; the collection box (60) is located at the bottom of the frame, below the roller group.

2. The sunflower breeding threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four shock absorbers (26) are installed on the front side of the threshing cover (24). One end of the shock absorber (26) is fixed to the frame (10), and the other end is hinged to the threshing cover (24) to achieve elastic suspension and adaptive yielding.

3. The sunflower breeding threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top front side of the frame is fixed with a box cover plate (15), and a push-pull box cover plate (16) is slidably installed on the fixed box cover plate (15), the two forming an openable box cover.

4. The sunflower breeding threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the threshing cover (24) is provided with a blowing area, and the blowing area has an air inlet hole (50) with a diameter of 3-5mm; the front side of the threshing cover (24) is provided with an air collection box (51), and a blower (52) is installed on the front side of the air collection box (51) to form an air guiding and blowing channel.

5. The sunflower breeding threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first gear (40) and the third gear (42) are gears with a large number of teeth, driving the first threshing roller (20) and the third threshing roller (22) to rotate at low speed; the second gear (41) and the fourth gear (43) are gears with a small number of teeth, driving the second threshing roller (21) and the fourth threshing roller (23) to rotate at high speed, with the four rollers arranged in alternating low-speed and high-speed configurations.

6. The sunflower breeding threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the collection box (60) is equipped with four casters (61).

7. The sunflower breeding threshing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hair dryer (52) consists of two axial flow hair dryers arranged side by side.

8. The sunflower breeding threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear transmission assembly is formed by the gear cover (17) and the side box plate enclosing the gear box body. The middle gear is a composite gear with built-in bearing, which is assembled by rotating the short shaft and the bearing seat.

9. The sunflower breeding threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first gear (40) has 21 teeth, the second gear (41) has 12 teeth, the third gear (42) has 21 teeth, and the fourth gear (43) has 12 teeth; the first intermediate gear (44), the second intermediate gear (45), and the third intermediate gear (46) all have 15 teeth; the fourth intermediate gear (47) and the fifth intermediate gear (48) both have 21 teeth; and the motor gear (31) has 12 teeth.

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