A method for increasing yield of an olive tree

Abstract

The application provides a yield-increasing planting method of olea europaea and relates to the technical field of yield-increasing planting of olea europaea. The yield-increasing planting method of the olea europaea mainly selects one-year-old olea europaea cutting seedlings as stock seedlings, sprays the stock seedlings with an alpha-amino isobutyric acid solution after the stock seedlings are transplanted, irrigates the roots with a gibberellin solution, controls the length of the grafting cutting surface during subsequent grafting, and cuts the upper end of the stock seedling twice after grafting. The application overcomes the defects of the prior art, effectively improves the yield of grafted olea europaea, guarantees the stability of the yield of the olea europaea, comprehensively improves the economic benefits of planting, and is suitable for popularization and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of olive oil yield-increasing cultivation technology, specifically to a method for increasing olive oil yield. Background Technology

[0002] Olive trees are evergreen shrubs whose fruits can be pressed for oil, which is edible. Olive oil is widely used in medicine, daily necessities, chemicals, electronics, food, textiles, and other fields. It is rich in nutrients and functional active ingredients and is known as the "Queen of Vegetable Oils". In recent years, the market demand for olive oil has been increasing, and the corresponding demand for artificial cultivation of olives has also been increasing.

[0003] In the early years, olive cultivation was relatively extensive, and most varieties did not start bearing fruit until 3-5 years after planting. The time it took to reach peak production varied depending on the variety. Early-maturing varieties reached peak production in 4-5 years, while late-maturing varieties generally reached peak production in 7-10 years. However, due to the lack of standardized management in early olive cultivation, many olive trees experienced low yields before reaching peak production or shortly after entering peak production, which seriously affected the economic benefits of artificial olive cultivation.

[0004] The low yield of olive trees mentioned above is generally due to poor early root development, which cannot support subsequent high yields. Existing treatment methods mainly include traditional grafting and approach grafting. Approach grafting can effectively increase olive yield, but the traditional approach grafting method has poor stability and low significance in increasing yield. Therefore, improving olive yield-increasing technology is a major research direction at present. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for increasing olive production, which effectively improves the yield of low-yield olives, ensures the stability of olive production, and comprehensively enhances the economic benefits of planting. This method is suitable for widespread application.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for increasing olive yield, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Selection and pretreatment of rootstock seedlings: Select one-year-old olive cuttings as rootstock seedlings; S2. Transplanting of rootstock seedlings: Transplant 2-3 hardened rootstock seedlings next to a single target olive tree. Spray the leaves of the rootstock seedlings with an α-aminoisobutyric acid solution at a concentration of 200-300 mg / L, and drench the roots with a gibberellin solution at a concentration of 50-80 mg / L within 8 hours of spraying the α-aminoisobutyric acid solution. S3. Grafting treatment: 20-30 days after transplanting the rootstock seedling, make a cut at the adjacent part of the rootstock seedling and the target olive plant. Then, use a strap to align the upper ends of the cut surfaces of the target olive plant and the rootstock seedling and tie them tightly. The length of the cut surface of the rootstock seedling should be 1-5cm shorter than the length of the cut surface of the target olive plant. S4. Preliminary trimming of rootstock seedlings: 7-10 days after grafting, cut the grafted rootstock seedlings 15-30cm from the top of the cut surface, and make a cross-shaped cut at the top of the cut within 24 hours. S5. Secondary pruning of rootstock seedlings: 20-30 days after the initial pruning, the upper part of the cut surface of the rootstock seedling is cut off again, leaving the upper part of the rootstock seedling ≤5cm from the cut. S6. Other management: Perform routine pruning and pest and disease control on the target olive trees. Apply fertilizer once 4-10 days after grafting treatment, and then apply fertilizer again in March-April and October-November each year.

[0007] Preferably, the rootstock seedlings selected in step S1 are 70cm or taller and have a ground diameter of 0.8cm or more.

[0008] Preferably, in step S2, the rootstock seedling is transplanted at a distance of 15-25cm from the main trunk of the target olive plant.

[0009] Preferably, the transplanting time in step S2 is between early March and late April.

[0010] Preferably, in step S3, the length of the cut surface of the target olive plant is 5-15cm, and the depth of the cut surface of the target olive plant is 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the diameter of the rootstock seedling, and the depth of the cut surface of the rootstock seedling is 1 / 5-1 / 6 of its diameter.

[0011] Preferably, the depth of the cross opening in step S4 is 2-4 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the straps are removed 25-45 days after being tightened.

[0013] Preferably, the fertilization method in step S6 is to dig a circular trench 40cm wide and 50cm deep at the outer edge of the target olive tree canopy projection range. When fertilizing, weeds are first placed at the bottom of the circular trench, and then fertilizer is added. When fertilizing a single tree, the fertilizer contains 200-250g of nitrogen fertilizer, 500-1000g of phosphorus fertilizer, and 200-300g of potassium fertilizer. After fertilization, water is poured into the circular trench in time, and then the soil is covered.

[0014] This invention provides a method for increasing olive yield, which has the following advantages compared to existing technologies: This invention uses olive cuttings as rootstock seedlings. After transplanting, α-aminoisobutyric acid and gibberellin are used together to effectively improve the root growth of the rootstock seedlings, significantly improving the yield of low-yield olives. Furthermore, the size difference between the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the low-yield olive during the grafting process, as well as the subsequent pruning treatment of the upper part of the rootstock seedling, further enhances the nutrient supply of the new roots to the low-yield olive, increasing the yield of low-yield olives while ensuring yield stability. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the preparation of the cross-section of the low-yielding olive tree and rootstock seedling during grafting in Group 2 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the binding of group 2 when they come into contact in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the unbinding of group 2 after contact in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of group 2 in the third year after grafting in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The rootstock seedlings used in the following examples were obtained in the following ways: (1) Select healthy, disease-free, semi-lignified olive scions from the current year. Disinfect the lower end of the scions by soaking them in a 500-fold carbendazim solution for 10 minutes, and then soak the lower 2-3 cm of the scions in 200 mg / L ABT1 rooting powder for 10 hours. (2) Select 80% humus soil + 20% yellow sandy loam as the cutting substrate. Spray the cutting substrate with 1000 times Lorsban solution, leave it for 2 days, spray with 800 times carbendazim solution, cover with plastic film for 24 hours and then put it into the seedling bed. (3) Insert the treated cuttings into the nursery bed at a row spacing of 5-6 cm and a plant spacing of 2-3 cm; insert the cuttings to a depth of 1 / 3 to 2 / 5 of their length. After insertion, level the bed surface, press the soil firmly to ensure close contact between the cuttings and the soil, and water thoroughly. Maintain the soil temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25℃. (4) Select healthy one-year-old cuttings with a height of more than 70cm, a ground diameter of more than 0.8cm, free from disease, pests, and mechanical damage, with complete root systems and many fibrous roots, and place them outdoors for 7 days to harden off as rootstock seedlings.

[0018] The experimental sites for the following examples and comparative examples are the Jinjiang Group area of ​​the Tianyuan Olive Base in Daju Township, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Lijiang City. The planted variety is Ezhi No. 8, and low-yielding olive trees were selected as experimental materials (tree age 5-6 years, row spacing 5.0m×8.0m, first-year olive yield of 10-12kg / tree).

[0019] Example 1: Methods to increase olive production: (1) On March 12, transplant 2-3 rootstock seedlings that have been hardened off at a distance of 15-25cm around the main trunk of the low-yield olive selected by the label. On the day of transplanting, treat the rootstock seedlings with α-aminoisobutyric acid solution first, and then treat them with gibberellin solution within 8 hours.

[0020] (2) Remove the dead rootstock seedlings 25 days after transplanting (in order to reduce the variables in the experiment, only 2 rootstock seedlings are kept next to each low-yield olive tree). Set the cut length of the low-yield olive tree and the rootstock seedling close to each other with a depth of 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the diameter of the rootstock seedling. Set the cut length of the rootstock seedling with a depth of 8cm and a depth of 1 / 5-1 / 6 of the diameter of the rootstock seedling. Then align the upper ends of the cut surfaces of the low-yield olive tree and the rootstock seedling and attach them together. Then tie them tightly with plastic straps to complete the grafting.

[0021] (3) On the 8th day after grafting, cut the rootstock seedling 20cm away from the top of the cut surface. Then cut a cross-shaped opening with a depth of 3±1cm at the cut surface. On the 25th day after cutting the cross-shaped opening, cut off the top of the rootstock seedling cut surface, leaving the length of the top of the rootstock seedling ≤5cm from the cut surface. Remove the binding 100 days after the binding is tightened.

[0022] (4) After harvesting low-yield olives, perform routine winter pruning on the low-yield olives; spray Bordeaux mixture once before the rainy season at the end of April each year. After the rainy season arrives, spray Bordeaux mixture again every 10 days to half a month on sunny days, spraying the entire olive seedling until the leaves drip water.

[0023] (5) In mid-April and mid-October each year, dig a circular trench 40cm wide and 50cm deep at the outer edge of the canopy projection range of low-yield olive trees. Place weeds at the bottom of the circular trench (with a thickness of 6-8cm), then add fertilizer to the circular trench according to the following ratio: 220g of nitrogen fertilizer, 800g of phosphorus fertilizer, and 250g of potassium fertilizer per tree. After watering, cover with soil to replenish fertilizer. Then, perform routine watering management.

[0024] Following the above method, different groups were set up according to the application methods and concentrations of α-aminoisobutyric acid solution and gibberellin solution selected in the table below. Each group consisted of 3 low-yielding olive trees, and an additional 3 olive trees without grafting treatment (all other planting and management methods were the same) were set up as a control group, as shown in Table 1 below: Table 1

[0025] Olives from each group were harvested in October of the following year and harvested by the end of November. The yield of olives from each group in the previous year and the yield in the current year were compared. The specific results are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2

[0026] As shown in the table above, foliar spraying with α-aminoisobutyric acid alone can inhibit the yield increase of olive trees after grafting to some extent. However, the combined treatment with α-aminoisobutyric acid and gibberellin can significantly increase the yield of olive trees after grafting compared with the treatment with gibberellin alone. The optimal concentration of α-aminoisobutyric acid is verified to be 200-300 mg / L, the optimal concentration of gibberellin is 50-80 mg / L, and the optimal method of application for gibberellin is root irrigation.

[0027] Comparative Example 1: This comparative example 1 is basically the same as the method of group 4 in the above embodiment 1, except that step (3) is different. The specific operation of step (3) is as follows: (3) On the 8th day after grafting, cut the rootstock seedling 20cm away from the top of the cut surface; on the 25th day after cutting, continue to cut off the top of the cut surface of the rootstock seedling, leaving the length of the top of the rootstock seedling ≤5cm from the cut; remove the binding tape 30 days after the binding tape is tightened.

[0028] Comparative Example 2: Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as the method of group 4 in Example 1 above, except for step (3). The specific operation of step (3) is as follows: (3) On the 8th day after grafting, cut the rootstock seedling that has survived the grafting at the upper end of the cut surface, leaving the upper end of the rootstock seedling ≤5cm from the cut; remove the binding 100 days after the binding is tightened.

[0029] Comparative Example 3: The method of Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as that of Group 4 in Example 1 above, except for step (3). The specific operation of step (3) is as follows: (3) On the 8th day after grafting, cut the rootstock seedling that has survived the grafting 20cm from the top of the cut surface; remove the binding 30 days after the binding is tightened.

[0030] Comparative Example 4: The method of Comparative Example 4 is basically the same as that of Group 4 in Example 1 above, except for step (3). The specific operation of step (2) is as follows: (2) 25 days after transplanting, remove the dead rootstock seedlings (in order to reduce the variables in the experiment, only 2 rootstock seedlings are kept next to each low-yield olive tree). Set the cut surface of the low-yield olive tree and the rootstock seedling close together with a length of 8cm and a depth of 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the diameter of the rootstock seedling. Set the cut surface of the rootstock seedling with a length of 8cm and a depth of 1 / 5-1 / 6 of the diameter of the rootstock seedling. Then, align the cut surfaces of the low-yield olive tree and the rootstock seedling and tie them tightly with plastic straps to complete the grafting.

[0031] Detection: The yields of group 4 in Example 1, Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4, and untreated conventional low-yielding olive trees (control group) were compared in the year of grafting, the following year, and the third year (3 trees in each group). The specific results are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3

[0032] As shown in the table above, the olives in Group 4 basically reached their highest yield in the year of grafting, and the yield remained relatively stable for three consecutive years. In contrast, the yield in Comparative Example 1 did not reach its highest yield in the year of grafting, and the yield gradually increased in the following two years, but the total yield was still lower than that of Group 4. In Comparative Example 2, the yield fluctuated within a controllable range for three consecutive years, but the overall yield was lower than that of Group 4. The yield in Comparative Example 3 was low in the year of grafting, but gradually increased thereafter. Similarly, the yield in Comparative Example 4 was also lower than that of Group 4 in the year of grafting, but increased thereafter.

[0033] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing olive yield through cultivation, characterized in that, The planting method includes the following steps: S1. Selection and pretreatment of rootstock seedlings: Select one-year-old olive cuttings as rootstock seedlings; S2. Transplanting of rootstock seedlings: Transplant 2-3 hardened rootstock seedlings next to a single target olive tree. Spray the leaves of the rootstock seedlings with an α-aminoisobutyric acid solution at a concentration of 200-300 mg / L, and drench the roots with a gibberellin solution at a concentration of 50-80 mg / L within 8 hours of spraying the α-aminoisobutyric acid solution. S3. Grafting treatment: 20-30 days after transplanting the rootstock seedling, make a cut at the adjacent part of the rootstock seedling and the target olive plant. Then, use a strap to align the upper ends of the cut surfaces of the target olive plant and the rootstock seedling and tie them tightly. The length of the cut surface of the rootstock seedling should be 1-5cm shorter than the length of the cut surface of the target olive plant. S4. Preliminary trimming of rootstock seedlings: 7-10 days after grafting, cut the grafted rootstock seedlings 15-30cm from the top of the cut surface, and make a cross-shaped cut at the top of the cut within 24 hours. S5. Secondary pruning of rootstock seedlings: 20-30 days after the initial pruning, the upper part of the cut surface of the rootstock seedling is cut off again, leaving the upper part of the rootstock seedling ≤5cm from the cut. S6. Other management: Perform routine pruning and pest and disease control on the target olive trees. Apply fertilizer once 4-10 days after grafting treatment, and then apply fertilizer again in March-April and October-November each year.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rootstock seedlings selected in step S1 are 70cm or taller and have a ground diameter of 0.8cm or more.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the rootstock seedling is transplanted at a distance of 15-25cm from the main trunk of the target olive tree.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transplanting time in step S2 is between early March and late April.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the length of the cut surface of the target olive plant is 5-15cm, and the depth of the cut surface of the target olive plant is 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the diameter of the rootstock seedling, while the depth of the cut surface of the rootstock seedling is 1 / 5-1 / 6 of its diameter.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the depth of the cross opening is 2-4 cm.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The binding straps should be removed 25-45 days after they are tightened.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the fertilization method is to dig a circular trench 40cm wide and 50cm deep at the outer edge of the target olive tree canopy projection range. When fertilizing, first put weeds into the bottom of the circular trench, and then add fertilizer. When fertilizing a single tree, the fertilizer contains 200-250g of nitrogen fertilizer, 500-1000g of phosphorus fertilizer, and 200-300g of potassium fertilizer. After fertilization, water should be poured into the circular trench in time, and then the soil should be covered.

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