A seedling culture device for forest cultivation

Abstract

The application discloses a seedling culture device for forest cultivation and relates to the technical field of forest seedling cultivation. The device comprises a culture frame, the bottom of the culture frame is fixedly connected with a bottom frame, the two sides of the culture frame are in a ladder shape, the top of the culture frame is provided with ladder-distributed supporting plates, the top of each supporting plate is provided with a round hole, and a seedling cup for cultivating seedlings is inserted into the round hole. In the process of root growth, the two spiral convex edges on the inner wall of the cup body are 180 degrees out of phase, have consistent spiral directions and gradually decreasing pitches from top to bottom. The spiral convex edges can continuously guide and constrain taproot growth, guide the taproot to continuously extend along the spiral track, equivalently extend the growth path of the taproot in the limited cup body, delay the time for the taproot to reach the bottom of the cup and greatly relieve the problems of root lodging and knotting caused by vigorous growth of the root system of forest trees from the physical guiding aspect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forest seedling cultivation technology, and more specifically, to a seedling cultivation device for forest cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] Seedling cultivation refers to the stage in which various plants are artificially nurtured until they can survive independently. When the seedlings grow to a certain stage, they need to be transplanted into the soil for planting. The most widely used method is to cultivate seedlings in seedling cups or seedling bags. Before cultivation, a seedbed needs to be built in the greenhouse area. Then, seedling cups or seedling bags filled with seedling nutrient soil are placed in the seedbed. Finally, the soaked tree seeds are sown in the seedling soil in the seedling cups or seedling bags. At this point, the sowing work before seedling cultivation is completed. The tree seeds absorb water, germinate, and grow into seedlings. After the roots of the seedlings absorb sufficient water and nutrients, they grow into seedlings. After being exposed to air, the seedlings gradually adapt to the natural environment and grow into seedlings that can be planted.

[0003] Because forest tree seedlings have vigorous root growth during the seedling stage, ordinary seedling cups are prone to root tangling and root knotting, resulting in poor root spread after transplanting and hindering later tree growth. Furthermore, current seedling cultivation methods commonly use top spraying, concentrating water and fertilizer in the upper layer of the substrate. This induces roots to cluster towards the surface, further exacerbating root entanglement along the cup walls and forming a deformed root ball characterized by dense upper tangling and weak lower taproots. Moreover, water and fertilizer cannot penetrate deep into the substrate, leaving the developed root system in a state of nutrient and oxygen deficiency at the bottom, easily leading to root rot and weak seedlings. This, coupled with persistently damp foliage, increases the risk of seedling diseases, allowing pathogens to spread along the roots and significantly increasing seedling mortality, failing to meet the quality requirements of large-scale forest seedling cultivation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a seedling cultivation device specifically designed for forest cultivation to address these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems in the related technologies, the present invention proposes a seedling cultivation device for forest cultivation to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related technologies.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0006] A seedling cultivation device for forest cultivation includes a cultivation rack, a base frame fixedly connected to the bottom of the cultivation rack, both sides of the cultivation rack being stepped, and a tray plate distributed in a stepped manner provided on the top of the cultivation rack. A round hole is opened on the top of the tray plate, and a seedling cup for cultivating seedlings is inserted into the round hole.

[0007] Both ends of the tray are provided with snap-fit ​​components for fixing to the top of the cultivation rack;

[0008] The cultivation rack is equipped with an irrigation component for fertilizing and watering the seedlings in the seedling cups.

[0009] Below the tray is a top material assembly for quickly removing the seedling cups after cultivation;

[0010] The seedling cup includes a cup body, the top of the cup body is provided with a cup edge, the bottom outer wall of the cup edge is in contact with the top outer wall of the tray, the diameter of the cup edge is larger than the diameter of the cup body, and the bottom of the cup body is provided with a first permeable filter membrane to prevent soil loss.

[0011] Preferably, the inner diameter of the cup body gradually decreases from top to bottom, the wall thickness of the cup body gradually decreases from top to bottom, and a first convex ridge and a second convex ridge are fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the cup edge. The first convex ridge and the second convex ridge have the same helical direction, the first convex ridge and the second convex ridge are 180 degrees out of phase, and the pitch of the first convex ridge and the second convex ridge gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0012] Preferably, the irrigation assembly includes a positioning sleeve inserted into the top of the cultivation rack. The positioning sleeve has an irrigation chamber inside. The inner circumferential wall of the cup has a liquid inlet hole. A second water-permeable filter membrane is provided inside the liquid inlet hole. The positioning sleeve has a slot at the middle to facilitate the passage of the seedling cup. The slot has an inverted trapezoidal cross-section. The bottom of the positioning sleeve has a sealing ring to prevent excessive leakage of liquid from the bottom of the slot. The inner circumferential wall of the sealing ring is in close contact with the outer circumferential wall of the cup. The inner circumferential wall of the slot has an irrigation groove that communicates with the irrigation chamber. A liquid guide tube is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning sleeve. The other end of the liquid guide tube is fixedly connected to another positioning sleeve. The two positioning sleeves are connected through the liquid guide tube. A connecting pipe is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning sleeve extending to the outside of the cultivation rack.

[0013] Preferably, the snap-fit ​​assembly includes movable seats fixedly connected to both ends of the tray, the movable seats having a first movable groove inside, a first connecting post inserted into the connecting tube, a pressing block fixedly connected to one end of the first connecting post extending to the top of the movable seat, a fixing seat fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the incubation rack, the fixing seat having a circular groove inside, a semi-circular block fixedly connected to one end of the first connecting post extending into the circular groove, a second spring fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the semi-circular block, the second spring being sleeved on the circumferential outer wall of the first connecting post, and the first... A first spring is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of a movable groove. A first limiting block and a second limiting block are fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the first connecting post. The other end of the first spring abuts against the bottom outer wall of the first limiting block. The top outer wall of the second limiting block contacts the bottom outer wall of the movable seat. Two sleeve blocks are slidably connected to the outer circumference of the first connecting post located in the circular groove. The sleeve blocks are frustoconical in shape. The bottoms of the two sleeve blocks are in contact. The top of one sleeve block abuts against one end of the second spring. The top of the other sleeve block contacts the bottom outer wall of the second limiting block.

[0014] Preferably, the fixed base has a second movable groove inside, a second connecting post inside the second movable groove, a third limiting block fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the second movable groove, one end of the second connecting post passing through the inside of the third limiting block, a third spring fixedly connected to one outer wall of the third limiting block, the third spring being sleeved on the outer circumference of the second connecting post, a pressure block fixedly connected to one end of the second connecting post, and an installation groove inside the fixed base to facilitate the reciprocating movement of the pressure block, the pressure block pressing against the top outer wall of the semicircular block.

[0015] Preferably, the top of the pressing block is provided with a slope, and the slope of the top slope of the pressing block is the same as the slope of the outer wall of the sleeve block.

[0016] Preferably, a docking block is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the movable seat, and a docking groove is provided on one side outer wall of the fixed seat, and the docking block is inserted into the docking groove.

[0017] Preferably, a guide cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the first movable groove, one end of the first connecting column passes through the inside of the guide cylinder, and a pressing column is fixedly connected to the top of the first connecting column.

[0018] Preferably, the top material assembly includes a vertical plate fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top of the cultivation rack, the vertical plate being rotatably connected to a first gear and a second gear, a second rack being fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the cup edge, the second rack meshing with the first gear, and a first rack being fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the tray, the first rack meshing with the second gear.

[0019] Preferably, the first gear and the second gear mesh with each other, and the diameter of the first gear is larger than the diameter of the second gear.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0021] This invention provides a seedling cultivation device for forestry, which, through a seedling cup structure with double-helix root-guiding ridges, specifically addresses the industry pain point of vigorous root growth and easy root knotting and tangling in traditional forest tree seedlings. Specifically, it involves two ridges—a first and a second—with a 180° phase difference, consistent direction of rotation, and gradually decreasing pitch from top to bottom, arranged on the inner wall of the cup. This creates continuous guiding constraints on the taproot growing against the wall, guiding it to extend downwards along a spiral trajectory. This effectively extends the taproot's growth path within the confined cup, delaying its arrival at the bottom and directly suppressing the problem of taproots hitting and coiling at the bottom from a physical guidance perspective. The design features a spiral pattern with sparser ridges at the top and denser ridges at the bottom, which further enhances the guidance effect on deep roots and prevents roots from concentrating and tangling in the upper part of the substrate. Combined with the cup-shaped structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, and the first permeable filter membrane at the bottom of the cup, the main root can come into contact with the outside air after growing to the bottom of the cup, achieving natural air root pruning. This stimulates the base of the main root to sprout a large number of lateral roots and fibrous roots, ultimately cultivating a healthy root ball with a relaxed main root, well-developed fibrous roots, and no root tangling. At the same time, the thickness of the cup gradually decreases from top to bottom, which allows the roots to quickly spread out and take root after the seedlings are transplanted, making it easier for them to break through the inner wall of the cup, significantly improving the survival rate of afforestation and the later growth potential of the trees.

[0022] This invention provides a seedling cultivation device for forest cultivation. Through a positioning sleeve-type side-middle-section seepage irrigation component, compared to the traditional top-spray irrigation mode, it fundamentally solves the spatial misalignment problem between water and fertilizer supply and root needs. When water and fertilizer flow sequentially into the irrigation chambers of each positioning sleeve through the connecting pipe and the liquid guide pipe, they are evenly diffused throughout the entire circumference of the cup body through the annular irrigation groove on the inner wall of the slot. Then, they seep uniformly into the lower part of the substrate through the liquid inlet hole in the middle section of the cup wall and the second permeable filter membrane. Utilizing the natural water and fertilizer attraction characteristics of the roots, it actively guides the main root and lateral roots deeper into the substrate. Layered growth reverses the tendency of root aggregation in the upper layer caused by traditional top spraying, further reducing the probability of root tangling from an environmental induction level. At the same time, water and fertilizer do not come into contact with the seedling leaves throughout the process, keeping the leaf surface dry at all times. This can eliminate the risk of seedling diseases induced by leaf condensation from the root. Combined with the sealing ring structure at the bottom of the positioning sleeve, it can effectively prevent a large amount of irrigation liquid from leaking out from the bottom of the slot, improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency. The second permeable filter membrane can prevent substrate particles from leaking out and clogging the pipes, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the irrigation system and significantly reducing seedling mortality and seedling maintenance costs.

[0023] This invention provides a seedling cultivation device for forest cultivation. Through a rapid operation mechanism that combines a press-type automatic locking component with a gear and rack linkage top-feeding component, it significantly improves the efficiency of large-scale operations throughout the entire forest seedling cultivation process. The locking component, with its pre-positioning structure of a connecting block and a connecting groove, automatically and precisely aligns the tray when it is lowered. The inclined surfaces of the frustum-shaped sleeve block and the pressure block automatically lock the tray during lowering, securing it firmly to the stepped cultivation rack without the need for additional fasteners. Simply pressing down on the top pressing block quickly unlocks the tray. The entire tray assembly and disassembly process is tool-free. Convenient and efficient, it can significantly improve the efficiency of seedling tray placement, replacement and transportation. The top material component forms a transmission pair through the meshing of the first and second gears. The difference in diameter between the large and small gears amplifies the lifting stroke. During the downward movement of the tray, it can simultaneously drive the seedling cups upward and smoothly push them out. There is no need to manually remove the cups one by one. The entire row of seedlings can be unloaded in a single step. Moreover, the lifting force is evenly applied to the edge of the hard cup, without squeezing the cup body and the internal root ball. This can effectively prevent the substrate from breaking apart and the root system from breaking, and fully protect the integrity of the seedling root ball. It is suitable for the high-efficiency transplanting operation needs of large-scale forest seedling cultivation. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall side structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall and partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0028] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram at point B in the middle.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall partial cross-section front view of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram at point C.

[0031] Figure 7 This is an enlarged structural diagram of the tray and the components below the tray according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A magnified structural diagram at point D.

[0033] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 7 A magnified structural diagram at point E in the middle.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a half-sectional structure of the snap-fit ​​assembly of the present invention.

[0035] In the picture:

[0036] 1. Cultivation rack; 2. Base frame; 3. Tray; 4. Seedling cup; 401. Cup body; 402. First protruding ridge; 403. Second protruding ridge; 404. Cup edge; 405. First permeable filter membrane; 5. Snap-fit ​​assembly; 501. Movable seat; 502. Pressing column; 503. First connecting column; 504. Guide cylinder; 505. First limiting block; 506. First spring; 507. Second limiting block; 508. Sleeve block; 509. First movable groove; 510. Fixed seat; 511. Circular groove; 512. Semicircular block; 513. Second spring; 514. Connecting block; 515. 516. Third limiting block; 517. Third spring; 518. Mounting groove; 519. Pressing block; 520. Second movable groove; 521. Second connecting column; 6. Irrigation assembly; 601. Positioning sleeve; 602. Irrigation chamber; 603. Liquid guide pipe; 604. Sealing ring; 605. Irrigation trough; 606. Liquid inlet hole; 607. Second permeable filter membrane; 608. Slot; 609. Connecting pipe; 7. Round hole; 8. Top material assembly; 801. Vertical plate; 802. First gear; 803. First rack; 804. Second rack; 805. Second gear. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Please see Figures 1-10 A seedling cultivation device for forest cultivation includes a cultivation rack 1, a base frame 2 fixedly connected to the bottom of the cultivation rack 1, both sides of the cultivation rack 1 are stepped, and the top of the cultivation rack 1 is provided with a tray 3 distributed in a stepped manner. The top of the tray 3 is provided with a round hole 7, and a seedling cup 4 for cultivating seedlings is inserted into the round hole 7.

[0039] Both ends of the tray 3 are provided with snap-fit ​​components 5 for fixing to the top of the cultivation rack 1;

[0040] The inside of the cultivation rack 1 is equipped with an irrigation component 6 for fertilizing and watering the seedlings in the seedling cups 4;

[0041] Below the tray 3 is a top material assembly 8 for quickly removing the seedling cups 4 after cultivation;

[0042] The seedling cup 4 includes a cup body 401, a cup edge 404 at the top of the cup body 401, the bottom outer wall of the cup edge 404 in contact with the top outer wall of the tray 3, the diameter of the cup edge 404 is larger than the diameter of the cup body 401, and a first permeable filter membrane 405 is provided at the bottom of the cup body 401 to prevent soil loss.

[0043] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the cup body 401 gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the wall thickness of the cup body 401 also gradually decreases from top to bottom. A first protruding rib 402 and a second protruding rib 403 are fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the cup edge 404. The first protruding rib 402 and the second protruding rib 403 have the same helical direction, a phase difference of 180 degrees, and a pitch that gradually decreases from top to bottom. During root growth, the two helical protruding ribs on the inner wall of the cup body 401, with a phase difference of 180°, the same helical direction, and a pitch that gradually decreases from top to bottom, provide continuous guiding constraint to the main root growing against the wall, guiding the main root along the helical path. The spiral trajectory extends downwards, effectively lengthening the growth path of the taproot within the limited cup 401 and delaying the time it takes for the taproot to reach the bottom of the cup. This significantly alleviates the root knotting and tangling problems caused by the vigorous growth of forest tree species from a physical guidance perspective. At the same time, the pitch of the first convex ridge 402 and the second convex ridge 403 is denser at the bottom and sparser at the top, which can further enhance the guiding effect of deep roots. Combined with the air and water permeability of the first permeable filter membrane 405 at the bottom of the cup, the taproot can contact the outside air when it grows to the bottom of the cup to achieve natural air root trimming, stimulating the basal sprouting of more lateral roots and fibrous roots, and finally forming a healthy root ball with a relaxed taproot and well-developed fibrous roots. After transplanting, the root system has good flexibility, and the late-stage growth potential of the trees is significantly improved.

[0044] Furthermore, the irrigation component 6 includes a positioning sleeve 601 inserted into the top of the cultivation rack 1. The positioning sleeve 601 has an irrigation chamber 602 inside. The inner circumferential wall of the cup body 401 has a liquid inlet hole 606, and a second permeable filter membrane 607 is disposed inside the liquid inlet hole 606. The positioning sleeve 601 has a slot 608 at its center to facilitate the passage of the seedling cup 4. The slot 608 has an inverted trapezoidal cross-section. A sealing ring 604 is provided at the bottom of the positioning sleeve 601 to prevent excessive leakage of liquid from the bottom of the slot 608. The inner circumferential wall of the sealing ring 604 is in close contact with the outer circumferential wall of the cup body 401. An irrigation groove 605 is formed on the inner circumferential wall of the slot 608, and the irrigation groove 605 is connected to the irrigation chamber 602. A liquid guide tube 603 is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning sleeve 601, and the other end of the liquid guide tube 603 is fixedly connected to another positioning sleeve 601. Positioning sleeve 601 is connected to liquid guide tube 603. One end of positioning sleeve 601, which extends to the outside of cultivation rack 1, is fixedly connected to connecting tube 609. After the tray 3 is fixed, the staff inserts the seedling cup 4, which is filled with seedling substrate and tree species, into the round hole 7 of tray 3 from top to bottom. At the same time, it passes through the inverted trapezoidal slot 608 in the middle of positioning sleeve 601. The cup edge 404 rests on the top surface of tray 3 to complete axial positioning. The outer wall of cup body 401 is tightly fitted with the sealing ring 604 at the bottom of positioning sleeve 601, forming a closed annular irrigation chamber 602 inside positioning sleeve 601. The inverted trapezoidal slot 608 has a guiding and centering function, which can realize the quick insertion of seedling cup 4. The sealing ring 604 can not only prevent a large amount of irrigation liquid from leaking from the bottom of slot 608 and improve water and fertilizer utilization, but also ensure the sealing of the middle irrigation area and ensure precise directional delivery of water and fertilizer.

[0045] Furthermore, the snap-fit ​​assembly 5 includes movable seats 501 fixedly connected to both ends of the tray 3. A first movable groove 509 is formed inside the movable seat 501. A first connecting post 503 is inserted into the connecting tube 609. A pressing post 502 is fixedly connected to one end of the first connecting post 503 extending to the top of the movable seat 501. A fixed seat 510 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the cultivation rack 1. A circular groove 511 is formed inside the fixed seat 510. A semi-circular block 512 is fixedly connected to one end of the first connecting post 503 extending into the circular groove 511. A second spring 513 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the semi-circular block 512. The second spring 513 is sleeved on the circumferential outer wall of the first connecting post 503. A pressing post 502 is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the first movable groove 509. The first spring 506 and the first connecting post 503 are respectively fixedly connected to the outer circumferential walls of the first spring 506 and the first limiting block 505 and the second limiting block 507. The other end of the first spring 506 abuts against the bottom outer wall of the first limiting block 505. The top outer wall of the second limiting block 507 contacts the bottom outer wall of the movable seat 501. The outer circumferential wall of the first connecting post 503 located in the circular groove 511 is slidably connected to two sleeve blocks 508. The sleeve blocks 508 are frustoconical in shape. The bottoms of the two sleeve blocks 508 are in contact. The top of one sleeve block 508 abuts against one end of the second spring 513. The top of the other sleeve block 508 contacts the bottom outer wall of the second limiting block 507. The bottom outer wall of the movable seat 501 is fixedly connected to a docking block 514. The fixed seat 510 is one of the... A docking groove 515 is provided on the outer side wall, and a docking block 514 is inserted into the docking groove 515. The operator first aligns the tray 3 with the stepped installation position of the cultivation rack 1 and lowers it. At this time, the docking blocks 514 at the bottom of the movable seats 501 at both ends of the tray 3 will be embedded into the docking groove 515 of the fixed seat 510 to complete the initial lateral positioning, ensuring that the subsequent snap-fit ​​component 5 can be accurately snapped and fixed. During this process, the semi-circular block 512 at the lower end of the first connecting column 503 is pressed down and inserted into the circular groove 511 of the fixed seat 510. The two opposing frustum-shaped sleeve blocks 508 move down synchronously with the first connecting column 503. Their inclined surfaces press against the top slope of the pressure blocks 519 on both sides, pushing the pressure blocks 519 to the sides along the second connecting column 521 to compress the third spring 517 and retract it. When the semi-circular block 512 is lowered, the third spring 517 is retracted. After the 12th step reaches its destination, the sleeve block 508 passes the limit position of the pressure block 519, and the third spring 517 rebounds to push the pressure block 519 back to its original position. The bottom surface of the pressure block 519 presses firmly against the top step of the semi-circular block 512, automatically completing the locking and fixing of the tray 3. No additional fasteners are needed to achieve a stable installation of the tray 3, making operation convenient and significantly improving the efficiency of seedling tray placement and replacement. The fixed base 510 has a second movable groove 520 inside, and a second connecting post 521 is installed inside the second movable groove 520. A third limiting block 516 is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the second movable groove 520. One end of the second connecting post 521 passes through the inside of the third limiting block 516, and a third spring 517 is fixedly connected to one outer wall of the third limiting block 516.The third spring 517 is sleeved on the outer circumferential wall of the second connecting post 521. One end of the second connecting post 521 is fixedly connected to a pressure block 519. The interior of the fixing seat 510 has an installation groove 518 to facilitate the reciprocating movement of the pressure block 519. The pressure block 519 is pressed against the top outer wall of the semicircular block 512. The top of the pressure block 519 has a slope, and the slope of the top slope of the pressure block 519 is the same as the slope of the outer wall of the sleeve block 508. When the seedlings have reached the standard for cultivation and need to be transplanted, the pressing post 502 at the top of the locking assembly 5 is pressed down, which drives the first connecting post 503 along... As the guide cylinder 504 moves vertically downward, the first spring 506 is compressed and stored by the first limiting block 505. The two frustum-shaped sleeves 508 below then move downward, further pressing the slope of the pressure block 519, causing it to open to both sides. The pressure block 519 disengages from the top of the semi-circular block 512, releasing the lock. At this point, the tray 3 can be removed from the cultivation rack 1 as a whole. The guide cylinder 504 is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the first movable groove 509. One end of the first connecting post 503 passes through the inside of the guide cylinder 504, and a pressing post 502 is fixedly connected to the top of the first connecting post 503.

[0046] Furthermore, the top feeding assembly 8 includes a vertical plate 801 fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the cultivation rack 1. The vertical plate 801 is rotatably connected to a first gear 802 and a second gear 805. A second rack 804 is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the cup edge 404, and the second rack 804 meshes with the first gear 802. A first rack 803 is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the support plate 3, and the first rack 803 meshes with the second gear 805. The first gear 802 and the second gear 805 mesh with each other. The diameter of the first gear 802 is larger than the diameter of the second gear 805. During the relative downward movement of the support plate 3, the first rack 803 at the bottom of the support plate 3 moves downward synchronously, driving the meshed second gear 805 to rotate. The second gear 805 then drives the meshed first rack 802 to rotate. The first gear 802 rotates synchronously. Since the diameter of the first gear 802 is larger than that of the second gear 805, the lifting stroke can be amplified through the gear transmission ratio. When the first gear 802 rotates, it drives the second rack 804, which meshes with it, to move upward. Then, the seedling cup 4 is lifted upward smoothly through the cup edge 404, so that it automatically disengages from the round hole 7 of the support plate 3 and the positioning sleeve 601, completing the rapid unloading of the entire row of seedling cups 4. This gear and rack linkage lifting structure eliminates the need for manual removal of each cup. A single operation can realize the synchronous lifting of the entire row of seedlings, greatly improving the efficiency of transplanting. Moreover, the lifting force is evenly applied to the hard cup edge 404, without squeezing the cup body 401 and the internal root ball, which can effectively prevent the substrate from scattering and the root system from breaking, fully ensuring the integrity of the seedling root ball and improving the survival rate of afforestation transplanting.

[0047] In summary, with the help of the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention, during use, the operator first aligns the tray 3 with the lower part of the stepped installation position of the cultivation rack 1. At this time, the docking blocks 514 at the bottom of the movable seats 501 at both ends of the tray 3 will be embedded into the docking grooves 515 of the fixed seat 510 to complete the initial lateral positioning, ensuring that the subsequent snap-fit ​​assembly 5 can be accurately snapped and fixed. During this process, the semi-circular block 512 at the lower end of the first connecting post 503 is pressed down and inserted into the circular groove 511 of the fixed seat 510. The two opposing frustum-shaped sleeves 508 move synchronously with the first connecting post 503. As it moves downward, its inclined surface presses against the top slope of the pressure blocks 519 on both sides, pushing the pressure blocks 519 to the sides along the second connecting column 521 to compress the third spring 517 and move backward. When the semicircular block 512 moves down to the position, the sleeve block 508 passes the limit position of the pressure block 519, and the third spring 517 rebounds to push the pressure block 519 back to its original position. The bottom surface of the pressure block 519 presses firmly on the top step of the semicircular block 512, automatically completing the locking and fixing of the tray 3. The tray 3 can be stably installed without additional fasteners. The operation is convenient and can greatly improve the efficiency of the placement and replacement of seedling trays.

[0048] After the tray 3 is fixed, the staff inserts the seedling cup 4, which is filled with seedling substrate and tree seed, into the round hole 7 of the tray 3 from top to bottom. At the same time, it passes through the inverted trapezoidal slot 608 in the middle of the positioning sleeve 601. The cup edge 404 rests against the top surface of the tray 3 to complete the axial limitation. The outer wall of the cup body 401 is tightly fitted with the sealing ring 604 at the bottom of the positioning sleeve 601, forming a closed annular irrigation chamber 602 inside the positioning sleeve 601. The inverted trapezoidal slot 608 has a guiding and centering function, which can realize the quick insertion of the seedling cup 4. The sealing ring 604 can not only prevent the irrigation liquid from leaking a lot from the bottom of the slot 608 and improve the water and fertilizer utilization rate, but also ensure the sealing of the middle irrigation area and ensure the precise and directional delivery of water and fertilizer.

[0049] During the seedling cultivation stage in the seedling cup 4, the staff inputs water and fertilizer from the external pipeline through the connecting pipe 609, and then through the liquid guide pipe 603 into the irrigation chamber 602 of each positioning sleeve 601. Then, through the annular irrigation groove 605 on the inner wall of the slot 608, the fertilizer is evenly diffused to the entire circumference of the cup body 401. Finally, through the liquid inlet hole 606 in the middle section of the cup wall and the second water-permeable filter membrane 607, the fertilizer seeps into the middle and lower part of the seedling substrate at a uniform speed. This side-middle section seepage irrigation method utilizes the natural characteristics of the root system to attract water and fertilizer, guiding the main root and lateral roots to grow into the deep layer of the substrate. It completely reverses the tendency of the root system to gather in the upper layer caused by traditional top spraying, reduces the problem of root tangling in the upper layer from the environmental induction level, and the water and fertilizer do not come into contact with the seedling leaves throughout the process. The leaves are always kept dry, eliminating the risk of seedling diseases induced by leaf dew from the root, and significantly reducing the seedling mortality rate.

[0050] Furthermore, during root growth, the two spiral ridges on the inner wall of the cup 401, with a phase difference of 180°, consistent direction of rotation, and gradually decreasing pitch from top to bottom, continuously guide and constrain the main root growing against the wall, guiding it to extend downward along the spiral trajectory. This effectively extends the growth path of the main root within the limited cup 401, delaying the time it takes for the main root to reach the bottom of the cup. From a physical guidance perspective, this significantly alleviates the root entanglement and knotting problems caused by vigorous root growth in forest tree species. At the same time, the pitch of the first ridge 402 and the second ridge 403 is denser at the bottom and sparser at the top, which can further enhance the guiding effect of deep roots. Combined with the air and water permeability of the first permeable filter membrane 405 at the bottom of the cup, the main root can contact the outside air when it grows to the bottom of the cup to achieve natural air root trimming, stimulating the basal sprouting of more lateral roots and fibrous roots, ultimately forming a healthy root ball with a relaxed main root and well-developed fibrous roots. After transplanting, the root system has good flexibility, and the late-stage growth potential of the trees is significantly improved.

[0051] When the seedlings have reached the required size and need to be transplanted, press down on the pressing block 502 at the top of the locking assembly 5. This causes the first connecting column 503 to move vertically downwards along the guide cylinder 504. The first spring 506 is compressed and stored by the first limiting block 505. The two frustum-shaped sleeves 508 below then move downwards, pressing the slope of the pressing block 519 again to open it to both sides. The pressing block 519 disengages from the top of the semicircular block 512, releasing the lock. At this point, the entire tray 3 can be removed from the cultivation rack 1. During the relative downward movement of the tray 3, the first rack 803 at the bottom of the tray 3 moves downwards simultaneously, causing the second gear 805 meshing with it to rotate. The second gear 805 then drives the meshing first gear 802 to rotate synchronously. The diameter of the first gear 802 is larger than that of the second gear 805. The lifting stroke can be amplified through the gear transmission ratio. When the first gear 802 rotates, it drives the second rack 804, which meshes with it, to move upward. Then, the seedling cup 4 is lifted upward smoothly through the cup edge 404, so that it automatically disengages from the round hole 7 and the positioning sleeve 601 of the support plate 3, and completes the rapid unloading of the entire row of seedling cups 4. This gear and rack linkage lifting structure eliminates the need for manual removal of cups one by one. A single operation can realize the synchronous lifting of the entire row of seedlings, which greatly improves the efficiency of transplanting. Moreover, the lifting force is evenly applied to the hard cup edge 404, without squeezing the cup body 401 and the internal root ball. This can effectively prevent the substrate from scattering and the root system from breaking, fully ensuring the integrity of the seedling root ball and improving the survival rate of afforestation transplanting.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seedling cultivation device for forest cultivation, comprising a cultivation rack (1), characterized in that, The bottom of the cultivation rack (1) is fixedly connected to a base frame (2). Both sides of the cultivation rack (1) are stepped. The top of the cultivation rack (1) is provided with a tray (3) distributed in a stepped manner. A round hole (7) is opened on the top of the tray (3). A seedling cup (4) for cultivating seedlings is inserted into the round hole (7). Both ends of the tray (3) are provided with snap-fit ​​components (5) for fixing to the top of the cultivation rack (1); The cultivation rack (1) is equipped with an irrigation component (6) for fertilizing and watering the seedlings in the seedling cup (4). Below the tray (3) is a top material assembly (8) for quickly removing the seedling cups (4) after cultivation. The seedling cup (4) includes a cup body (401), the top of the cup body (401) is provided with a cup edge (404), the bottom outer wall of the cup edge (404) is in contact with the top outer wall of the tray (3), the diameter of the cup edge (404) is larger than the diameter of the cup body (401), and the bottom of the cup body (401) is provided with a first permeable filter membrane (405) to prevent soil loss.

2. The seedling cultivation equipment for forest cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the cup body (401) gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the wall thickness of the cup body (401) gradually decreases from top to bottom. The inner circumferential wall of the cup edge (404) is fixedly connected with a first protruding rib (402) and a second protruding rib (403). The first protruding rib (402) and the second protruding rib (403) have the same spiral direction, and the phase difference between the first protruding rib (402) and the second protruding rib (403) is 180 degrees. The pitch of the first protruding rib (402) and the second protruding rib (403) gradually decreases from top to bottom.

3. The seedling cultivation equipment for forest cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The irrigation assembly (6) includes a positioning sleeve (601) inserted into the top of the cultivation rack (1). An irrigation chamber (602) is provided inside the positioning sleeve (601). An inlet hole (606) is provided on the inner circumference of the cup body (401). A second permeable filter membrane (607) is provided inside the inlet hole (606). A slot (608) is provided at the center of the positioning sleeve (601) to facilitate the passage of the seedling cup (4). The cross-section of the slot (608) is an inverted trapezoid. A sealing ring is provided at the bottom of the positioning sleeve (601) to prevent excessive leakage of liquid from the bottom of the slot (608). 604), the inner circumferential wall of the sealing ring (604) is in close contact with the outer circumferential wall of the cup body (401), the inner circumferential wall of the slot (608) is provided with an irrigation groove (605), the irrigation groove (605) is connected to the irrigation chamber (602), one side of the positioning sleeve (601) is fixedly connected with a liquid guide tube (603), the other end of the liquid guide tube (603) is fixedly connected to another positioning sleeve (601), the two positioning sleeves (601) are connected through the liquid guide tube (603), and one end of the positioning sleeve (601) extending to the outside of the cultivation rack (1) is fixedly connected with a connecting tube (609).

4. The seedling cultivation equipment for forest cultivation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The snap-fit ​​assembly (5) includes movable seats (501) fixedly connected to both ends of the tray (3). A first movable groove (509) is provided inside the movable seat (501). A first connecting post (503) is inserted into the connecting tube (609). A pressing block (502) is fixedly connected to one end of the first connecting post (503) extending to the top of the movable seat (501). A fixed seat (510) is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the cultivation rack (1). A circular groove (511) is provided inside the fixed seat (510). A semi-circular block (512) is fixedly connected to one end of the first connecting post (503) extending into the circular groove (511). A second spring (513) is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the semi-circular block (512). The second spring (513) is sleeved on the circumferential outer wall of the first connecting post (503). A first spring (506) is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the first movable groove (509). A first limiting block (505) and a second limiting block (507) are fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the first connecting column (503). The other end of the first spring (506) abuts against the bottom outer wall of the first limiting block (505). The top outer wall of the second limiting block (507) contacts the bottom outer wall of the movable seat (501). Two sleeve blocks (508) are slidably connected to the outer circumference of the first connecting column (503) in the circular groove (511). The sleeve blocks (508) are frustoconical. The bottoms of the two sleeve blocks (508) are in contact. The top of one sleeve block (508) abuts against one end of the second spring (513). The top of the other sleeve block (508) contacts the bottom outer wall of the second limiting block (507).

5. The seedling cultivation equipment for forest cultivation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixed base (510) has a second movable groove (520) inside, and a second connecting post (521) is provided inside the second movable groove (520). A third limiting block (516) is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the second movable groove (520). One end of the second connecting post (521) passes through the inside of the third limiting block (516). A third spring (517) is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the third limiting block (516). The third spring (517) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the second connecting post (521). A pressure block (519) is fixedly connected to one end of the second connecting post (521). The fixed base (510) has an installation groove (518) inside to facilitate the reciprocating movement of the pressure block (519). The pressure block (519) is pressed against the top outer wall of the semicircular block (512).

6. The seedling cultivation equipment for forest cultivation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The top of the pressure block (519) is provided with a slope, and the slope of the top slope of the pressure block (519) is the same as the slope of the outer wall of the sleeve block (508).

7. The seedling cultivation equipment for forest cultivation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom outer wall of the movable seat (501) is fixedly connected to a docking block (514), and a docking groove (515) is provided on one side outer wall of the fixed seat (510). The docking block (514) is inserted into the inside of the docking groove (515).

8. The seedling cultivation equipment for forest cultivation according to claim 7, characterized in that, A guide cylinder (504) is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the first movable groove (509), one end of the first connecting column (503) passes through the inside of the guide cylinder (504), and a pressing column (502) is fixedly connected to the top of the first connecting column (503).

9. A seedling cultivation device for forest cultivation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The top material assembly (8) includes a vertical plate (801) fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the cultivation rack (1). The vertical plate (801) is rotatably connected to a first gear (802) and a second gear (805). The bottom outer wall of the cup edge (404) is fixedly connected to a second rack (804), which meshes with the first gear (802). The bottom outer wall of the tray (3) is fixedly connected to a first rack (803), which meshes with the second gear (805).

10. A seedling cultivation device for forest cultivation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first gear (802) meshes with the second gear (805), and the diameter of the first gear (802) is larger than the diameter of the second gear (805).

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