Method for preventing and treating powdery mildew of malus micromalus takahashi

Abstract

The application discloses a method for preventing and treating powdery mildew of Malus micromalus, which comprises the following steps: clearing and reducing sources during a dormant period, covering grass on a tree disc to preserve soil moisture, controlling by inter-row grass, spraying a stone sulfur mixture before germination, treating new shoots with a sulfur-containing protective agent, preventing and controlling by a biological composition during an inflorescence separation period, protecting after flower withering by mineral sources, and supplementing with organic fertilizer after harvesting, so as to establish a green prevention and control system during the whole growth period, reduce the base number of pathogenic bacteria and the risk of drug damage during the flower and fruit period, and improve yield and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of powdery mildew control and relates to a method for controlling powdery mildew in sea buckthorn. Background Technology

[0002] Sea buckthorn is a representative specialty fruit tree resource in Shanxi Province, commonly distributed in loess hills, mountain slopes, and gullies. These orchards are generally characterized by undulating terrain, relatively thin soil layers, limited water and fertilizer retention capacity, strong and dry spring winds, and significant diurnal temperature variations. This places high demands on disease control, soil moisture retention, and nutrient maintenance in the trees.

[0003] Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease in fruit production, characterized by rapid spread, long infection cycle, recurrence, and difficulty in control. Under suitable conditions, the pathogen easily spreads with the help of wind and field operations, and can continuously infect young shoots, leaves, and fruit surfaces, causing premature leaf senescence, weakened tree vigor, unstable fruit set, and reduced fruit quality. Current powdery mildew control methods mostly rely on chemical fungicides or conventional spraying management, but in fruit production, these methods are prone to problems such as phytotoxicity, residues, accumulation of resistance, and limitations on pesticide use during flowering and fruiting periods. Strawberry-related patents have also pointed out that powdery mildew is characterized by "rapid transmission, difficulty in eradication, and recurrence once contracted," and can spread rapidly into a disaster under suitable conditions; at the same time, traditional chemical control has problems such as increased residues, decreased efficacy, and inhibition of crop growth.

[0004] For mountain fruit trees like sea buckthorn, powdery mildew control faces further regional challenges: First, some sea buckthorn orchards in Shanxi are located on slopes or gentle slopes with uneven water and fertilizer conditions. Relying solely on single, concentrated applications of pesticides often fails to simultaneously protect the upper and lower canopies, new shoots, and fruiting branches. Second, sea buckthorn is sensitive to pesticides during flowering, fruit setting, and fruit enlargement stages. Improper timing and concentration of pesticide application can easily affect pollination and fertilization, fruit drop rate, and fruit marketability. Third, the limited labor organization and machinery access in mountain orchards necessitate a green control solution that balances orchard sanitation and source control, phased prevention, and low pesticide damage risk. Similar ideas have been reflected in existing patents, such as reducing powdery mildew occurrence through high-temperature fumigation, orchard sanitation, phased spraying, and avoiding application to flower buds and fruit surfaces. Furthermore, in mountain forestry systems, management should be integrated with phenological changes to improve control stability.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a method for controlling powdery mildew in sea buckthorn fruit, taking into account the terrain conditions of orchards in the Loess Plateau of Shanxi Province and the phenological characteristics of sea buckthorn. This method can be implemented in stages, including before bud break, before budding, after flowering, and during the young fruit stage, while also taking into account the risk of pesticide damage, fruit surface safety, and orchard moisture management. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the problems existing in the control of powdery mildew in sea buckthorn, such as high dependence on pesticides, unclear control period, repeated infection by pathogens, extensive management in mountain orchards, and easy pesticide damage during flowering and fruiting, this invention provides a green control method for powdery mildew in sea buckthorn.

[0007] This invention combines the ecological characteristics of orchards in the loess hilly areas of Shanxi Province with a comprehensive control system for powdery mildew that covers the entire growth cycle of sea buckthorn by integrating methods such as clearing the orchard during dormancy to reduce the source of infection, covering the tree basin to conserve moisture, ecological regulation between rows, and precise control during the key phenological stages of sea buckthorn. This reduces the pressure of pathogen infection, improves the tree's disease resistance, and achieves continuous and stable control of powdery mildew.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for controlling powdery mildew in sea buckthorn, comprising the following steps: 1) Dormant period orchard cleanup: After the sea buckthorn leaves fall, remove diseased branches, leaves and fallen fruit, and deeply till the tree basin; 2) Ecological regulation: Cover the tree basin with straw to retain moisture, and plant green manure plants between the rows of orchards to form an ecological cover belt; 3) Pre-budding prevention: Spray the tree with lime sulfur mixture before the sea buckthorn buds sprout; 4) Prevention and control during the new shoot growth period: When the new shoots reach a length of 5-15cm, spray with a sulfur-containing protective agent; 5) Biological control during the inflorescence separation stage; spray the powdery mildew control composition for sea buckthorn fruit when the inflorescence begins to separate but has not yet opened; The powdery mildew control composition for sea buckthorn fruit comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 portions of Bacillus subtilis; 10-30 portions of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; 10-20 parts of Trichoderma; Chitosan oligosaccharide 5-15 parts; 10-30 parts potassium bicarbonate; Agricultural adjuvants are acceptable in quantities of 1 to 10 parts. 6) Prevention and control during the young fruit stage after flowering: Spray with mineral-based protective agents; 7) After harvesting, prune and apply organic fertilizer to reduce the initial population of powdery mildew pathogens in the next growth cycle.

[0009] Preferably, the sea buckthorn orchard is located in the loess hilly area, river valley gentle slope or terraced orchard, with a slope of 3 to 15° and an altitude of 800 to 1800m.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the straw moisture-retaining layer is 5-15 cm; the straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, and bean straw.

[0011] Preferably, the green manure plants are selected from one or more of alfalfa, white clover, hairy vetch, and ryegrass; the green manure coverage rate reaches more than 60%.

[0012] Preferably, the concentration of lime-sulfur mixture in step (3) is 3 to 5 Baume degrees; The spraying areas include: the trunk, main branches, lateral branches, one-year-old fruiting branches, and bark cracks.

[0013] Preferably, the sulfur-containing protective agent in step (4) is: 80% sulfur water-dispersible granules at a dilution of 500 to 1000 times; or sulfur suspension at a dilution of 200 to 500 times.

[0014] Preferably, the biocontrol agent mentioned in step (5) includes one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, and Trichoderma; the effective viable count .

[0015] Preferably, the mineral source protectant in step (6) includes one or more of the following: mineral oil emulsion, potassium bicarbonate, and kaolin suspension.

[0016] Preferably, in step (7), 10-30 kg / plant of well-rotted organic fertilizer is applied, and 0.5-2 kg / plant of calcium and magnesium fertilizer is applied in combination.

[0017] Preferably, steps (3) to (6) are all selected as follows: Wind speed less than 3m / s Relative humidity below 70% Apply pesticides between 3:00 PM and 6:00 PM on sunny or partly cloudy days.

[0018] This invention suggests that the occurrence of powdery mildew in sea buckthorn is not only related to the number of pathogens, but also closely related to the spring drought, wind, large diurnal temperature range, and insufficient soil moisture retention in the loess hilly areas of Shanxi.

[0019] Therefore, this invention first reduces the overwintering pathogen population through orchard sanitation and pre-budding treatment; secondly, it improves the soil microenvironment through tree basin mulching and inter-row ecological mulching, thereby enhancing tree nutrient accumulation and stress resistance; and thirdly, it implements precise control through key infection windows such as the budding stage, new shoot stage, inflorescence separation stage, and young fruit stage of sea buckthorn, thereby achieving the dual effect of controlling the number of pathogens and enhancing the host's disease resistance, ultimately achieving the goal of long-term stable suppression of powdery mildew.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) Establish a comprehensive prevention and control system covering the entire growth period. Based on the occurrence pattern of powdery mildew in sea buckthorn, this invention divides the control points into the dormancy period, pre-budding period, new shoot period, inflorescence separation period, young fruit period, and post-harvest recovery period, achieving full-process control of powdery mildew primary infection, secondary infection, and overwintering inoculum. Compared with single-application methods, this significantly reduces the recurrence rate of the disease.

[0021] 2) Adapting to the characteristics of orchards in the loess hilly areas of Shanxi, this invention combines the production conditions of sloping, terraced, and hilly orchards in the main production areas of sea buckthorn in Shanxi. It improves soil moisture and the micro-ecological environment through mulching around the tree base and inter-row grassing. Even under conditions of spring drought and large diurnal temperature differences, it can still maintain robust tree growth and enhance natural resistance to powdery mildew.

[0022] 3) Reducing the use of chemical pesticides: This invention combines lime sulfur, sulfur-containing protectants, biological control agents, and mineral-based protectants in stages. Through synergistic control of pathogens via different mechanisms of action, it reduces the frequency and amount of traditional chemical fungicides used, thereby lowering the risk of pathogen resistance.

[0023] 4) Reducing the risk of pesticide damage during flowering and fruiting: This invention sets the biological control stage during the inflorescence separation period and the mineral source protection stage during the young fruit stage after flowering, and explicitly avoids direct spraying on open flowers and young fruits. This effectively reduces the adverse effects of pesticides on pollination, fertilization, fruit set, and fruit quality.

[0024] 5) Improve the yield and quality of sea buckthorn by reducing the incidence and disease index of powdery mildew, maintaining normal photosynthetic capacity of leaves, and enhancing nutrient accumulation in the tree. At the same time, through the synergistic effect of organic fertilizer and calcium-magnesium fertilizer, increase the single fruit weight, soluble solids content, and marketable fruit rate, thereby achieving a simultaneous improvement in the yield and quality of sea buckthorn.

[0025] 6) Combining ecological benefits and promotional value, the measures adopted in this invention, such as straw mulching, grass cultivation, biological control, and mineral source protection, all belong to the green agricultural technology system. They not only reduce environmental pollution and pesticide residues but are also suitable for promotion and application in major sea buckthorn producing areas such as Hequ, Baode, Pianguan, and Linxian in Shanxi Province, demonstrating good ecological benefits and promising prospects for industrial application. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 Diagram illustrating the mechanism of synergistic prevention and control; Figure 2 A bar chart showing the percentage of diseased leaves; Figure 3 This is a bar chart of the disease index; Figure 4 A bar chart showing the effectiveness of prevention and control. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments. To make the inventive objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial technical effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0028] Unless otherwise stated, all instruments and reagents used in the examples are commercially available or synthesized using conventional methods and can be used directly without further processing, and all instruments used in the examples are commercially available.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] The sea buckthorn orchard in Hequ County, Shanxi Province, was selected as the experimental base. The orchard is located at an altitude of 1150m, with a slope of 8° and trees that are 10 years old.

[0031] (1) Clearing the garden and reducing pollution during dormancy After the sea buckthorn harvest ends in late October, winter orchard sanitation is carried out to remove diseased branches, leaves, fruits, and fallen leaves, which are then collected and composted.

[0032] A rotary tiller was used to deeply till the tree basin to a depth of 20cm.

[0033] (2) Ecological regulation and moisture conservation Lay a corn stalk mulch layer with a thickness of 10cm within the canopy projection area.

[0034] Alfalfa was sown between the rows in the orchard, maintaining a coverage rate of 70%.

[0035] (3) Pre-germination preventive treatment Spray lime sulfur solution at 4 Baume degrees in early March of the following year before budding.

[0036] Use a high-pressure sprayer to spray the entire tree evenly, focusing on covering the trunk, main branches, fruiting branches, and bark cracks.

[0037] (4) Prevention and control during the new shoot stage When the new shoots reach 10cm in length, spray with an 80% sulfur water-dispersible granule solution diluted 800 times, and spray once consecutively.

[0038] (5) Biological control during the inflorescence separation period, the powdery mildew control composition for sea buckthorn fruit is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of Bacillus subtilis; 20 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; 15 parts of Trichoderma; 10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide; 20 parts of potassium bicarbonate; and 5 parts of agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.

[0039] in: The effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is ; The effective viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is ; The effective viable count of Trichoderma is: .

[0040] Dilute with water 500 times before use, spray at a rate of 600L / hm. 2 .

[0041] (6) Protection of young fruit after flowering Spray with a 500-fold dilution of mineral oil emulsion 10 days after the flowers have faded.

[0042] Focus spraying on the underside of leaves and the tissues around fruiting branches.

[0043] (7) Postharvest recovery management After harvesting, apply 20 kg of well-rotted sheep manure per plant and 1 kg of calcium-magnesium fertilizer per plant in conjunction with pruning. Choose a sunny afternoon at 16:00 for spraying, with a wind speed of 2m / s and a relative humidity of 65% on that day.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] An experiment was conducted in a sea buckthorn plantation in Linxian County, Lüliang City, Shanxi Province. The experimental orchard is located on a gentle slope of loess hills, at an altitude of approximately 1230m and a slope of approximately 10°. The soil is loess loess, and ventilation within the orchard is generally poor, with strong winds in spring and poor soil water retention. The sea buckthorn trees in the experiment were 9 years old, with a spacing of 4m × 5m between trees, and the trees were relatively uniform in vigor. Powdery mildew was quite prevalent the previous year.

[0046] (1) Clearing the garden and reducing pollution during dormancy Immediately after the harvest of Yu Hai Hong fruit, the orchard is cleaned up. Diseased branches, leaves, fruits, and fallen leaves are removed manually and transported out of the orchard for centralized disposal. Then, the soil around the trees is deeply tilled to a depth of 25cm to expose latent pathogens on the soil surface and destroy their overwintering environment.

[0047] (2) Ecological regulation and moisture conservation Cover the tree basin with an 8cm thick layer of wheat straw to retain moisture, primarily covering the area projected by the tree canopy. Sow white clover between the rows in the orchard, watering appropriately after sowing. Once the clover has stabilized and formed a relatively uniform ecological cover, it will improve surface humidity and the orchard's micro-ecological environment.

[0048] (3) Pre-germination preventive treatment In early March of the following year, before the sea buckthorn berries sprout, spray with lime sulfur solution at 5 Baume degrees under continuous sunny conditions, with a spray volume of approximately 850 L / hm². 2 When spraying, focus on evenly covering the main trunk, main branches, fruiting branches, and pruning cuts to kill overwintering pathogens and latent sources of infection as much as possible.

[0049] (4) Prevention and control during the new shoot stage When the new shoots reach about 8cm in length in mid-April, spray with a 600-fold dilution of 80% sulfur water-dispersible granules, at a rate of approximately 700L / hm². 2 The spray should focus on the undersides of leaves and the tips of new shoots. After 7 days of observation following the spraying, no obvious leaf burn or stunted new shoot growth was observed.

[0050] (5) Biological control during the inflorescence separation period: The formulation of the control composition for powdery mildew of sea buckthorn is as follows: 35 parts of Bacillus subtilis; 25 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; 15 parts of Trichoderma; 8 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide; 22 parts of potassium bicarbonate; and 5 parts of adjuvants.

[0051] Effective viable bacteria count: .

[0052] (6) Protection of young fruit after flowering 7-10 days after the flowers have faded, spray with a 500-fold dilution of mineral oil emulsion, focusing on the underside of the leaves, the upper and middle parts of new shoots, and the tissues around fruiting branches. Avoid spraying the solution directly onto the surface of young fruit to reduce fruit surface contamination and potential pesticide damage.

[0053] (7) Postharvest recovery management After the fruit harvest, in conjunction with autumn pruning, remove diseased, weak, and overgrown branches, and apply 18 kg / tree of well-rotted sheep manure and 1 kg / tree of calcium and magnesium fertilizer. After fertilization, irrigate promptly and lightly turn the soil around the tree to promote tree recovery and enhance disease resistance in the following year.

[0054] Example 3:

[0055] An experiment was conducted at a sea buckthorn plantation in Pianguan County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province. The experimental orchard is located at an altitude of approximately 1380 meters with a slope of about 12 degrees, and is a typical gently sloping mountain orchard. Springtime is dry and windy with significant diurnal temperature variations. The sea buckthorn trees in the experiment were 10 years old, of medium vigor, and had a high incidence of powdery mildew in the previous year.

[0056] (1) Clearing the garden and reducing pollution during dormancy Immediately after harvesting, remove diseased and damaged branches, leaves, and fallen fruit from the orchard and bury them deeply. Then, deeply till the soil around the trees to a depth of 30cm. Do not irrigate immediately after tilling; wait until the weather stabilizes before implementing moisture-retention management to reduce surface pathogen residue.

[0057] (2) Ecological regulation and moisture conservation The tree basin is covered with a mixture of corn stalks and soybean stalks, with a thickness of 12cm. Hairy vetch is planted between the rows to form a continuous grass belt. Later, it is harvested in a timely manner and used as a cover around the tree basin to increase surface organic matter and improve soil aggregate structure.

[0058] (3) Pre-germination preventive treatment The following year, before bud break, spray with lime sulfur solution at 4 Baume degrees, with a spray volume of approximately 900 L / hm. 2Focus on spraying the base of the trunk, the forks of the main branches, the pruning cuts, and the rough and cracked parts of the bark to ensure that the pesticide adheres evenly.

[0059] (4) Prevention and control during the new shoot stage When the new shoots reach a length of about 12cm, spray with a 300-fold dilution of sulfur suspension, at a rate of approximately 750L / hm². 2 After spraying, the focus was on inspecting the curling of new shoots, yellowing of leaves, and the presence of pesticide spots on the surface; no obvious abnormalities were found.

[0060] (5) Biological control during the inflorescence separation period, the formula of the control composition for powdery mildew of sea buckthorn is as follows: 30 parts of Bacillus subtilis; 20 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; 20 parts of Trichoderma; 10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide; 15 parts of potassium bicarbonate; 5 parts of adjuvant.

[0061] (6) Protection of young fruit after flowering After flowering, spray with a 1000-fold dilution of potassium bicarbonate, focusing on protecting the undersides of leaves and the outer leaves of fruiting branches, avoiding direct contact of the solution with young fruit. After spraying, observe the cleanliness of the fruit surface and the condition of the young leaves; overall performance was stable.

[0062] (7) Postharvest recovery management After the fruit is harvested, winter pruning should be carried out in a timely manner to remove overgrown branches and diseased or damaged branches. 20 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per tree and 1 kg of calcium and magnesium fertilizer per tree should be applied to enhance the tree's nutrient storage and the uniformity of bud break the following year.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] An experiment was conducted in a sea buckthorn orchard in Hequ County, Shanxi Province. The orchard was located at the junction of a river terrace and a gentle slope, at an altitude of approximately 1100m and a slope of about 6°. The soil layer was relatively thick, but the wind was strong and the air humidity was low in spring. The sea buckthorn trees in the experiment were 8 years old, and their growth was basically uniform.

[0065] (1) Clearing the garden and reducing pollution during dormancy After harvesting, a systematic orchard cleanup is carried out, using a combination of manual and mechanical methods to remove diseased branches, leaves, and fallen fruit. Any remaining diseased plant debris in the corners of the orchard is then disposed of in a centralized, harmless manner. Subsequently, the tree basins are tilled to a depth of 20cm to reduce the density of overwintering pathogens.

[0066] (2) Ecological regulation and moisture conservation Cover the tree basin with a 15cm thick layer of bean straw to retain moisture, and plant ryegrass between the rows to form a relatively stable ecological cover. Prune the grass in a timely manner after planting to avoid competing with the fruit trees for too many nutrients, while also improving the surface temperature and humidity environment.

[0067] (3) Pre-germination preventive treatment Spray lime sulfur solution at 3 Baume degrees in mid-March of the following year before bud break, with a spray volume of approximately 800 L / hm². 2The spraying area includes the trunk, main branches, fruiting branches, and bark cracks, focusing on maximizing the coverage of the pesticide solution and minimizing any missed areas.

[0068] (4) Prevention and control during the new shoot stage When the new shoots reach a length of 5-7 cm, spray with a 1000-fold dilution of 80% sulfur water-dispersible granules, at a rate of approximately 650 L / hm². 2 After spraying, field observations were strengthened, and no obvious leaf edge scorching or growth stunting was observed.

[0069] (5) Biological control during the inflorescence separation period, the formula of the control composition for powdery mildew of sea buckthorn is as follows: 35 parts of Bacillus subtilis; 20 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; 15 parts of Trichoderma; 15 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide; 10 parts of potassium bicarbonate; 5 parts of adjuvant.

[0070] (6) Protection of young fruit after flowering Ten days after flowering, spray with a 400-fold dilution of mineral oil emulsion, focusing on the underside of leaves, new shoots, and the area around fruiting branches. Avoid concentrating the solution on the surface of young fruit to reduce the risk of fruit contamination.

[0071] (7) Postharvest recovery management After harvesting, apply 20 kg of well-rotted sheep manure per tree and 0.8 kg of calcium-magnesium fertilizer per tree during autumn pruning. Water the tree promptly after fertilization and lightly rake the tree basin to promote root recovery and nutrient accumulation.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] An experiment was conducted in a sea buckthorn plantation in Baode County, Shanxi Province. The experimental orchard is located at an altitude of approximately 1280 meters with a slope of about 9 degrees, and is a typical mountain orchard with relatively poor soil and low moisture retention. The sea buckthorn trees in the experiment were 11 years old, with uniform flowering. In previous years, powdery mildew was more likely to occur during the young shoots and inflorescence stages.

[0074] (1) Clearing the garden and reducing pollution during dormancy After harvesting, the orchard is cleaned up immediately, removing diseased branches, leaves and fruits, and burying them outside the orchard. At the same time, the tree basin is tilled to a depth of 25cm, and the exposed root zone is simply covered with soil to reduce the exposure of pathogens.

[0075] (2) Ecological regulation and moisture conservation Cover the tree basin with a mixture of wheat straw and corn straw, about 10 cm thick; sow a mixture of alfalfa and white clover seeds between the rows to form a more continuous green manure layer, thereby improving soil moisture stability.

[0076] (3) Pre-germination preventive treatment The following year, before bud break, spray with lime sulfur solution at 5 Baume degrees, with the spray volume controlled at 900 L / hm. 2Focus on spraying the base of the main trunk and branches, and appropriately supplement the spraying of the inner canopy and the intersection of branches to enhance the killing effect of overwintering pathogens.

[0077] (4) Prevention and control during the new shoot stage When the new shoots reach about 10-15cm, spray with a 500-fold dilution of sulfur suspension, at a rate of approximately 750L / hm². 2 After spraying, the growth of new shoots was observed, and the overall growth of the plants remained normal.

[0078] (5) Biological control during the inflorescence separation period, the formula of the control composition for powdery mildew of sea buckthorn is as follows: 45 parts of Bacillus subtilis; 20 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; 15 parts of Trichoderma; 10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide; 25 parts of potassium bicarbonate; 5 parts of adjuvant.

[0079] (6) Protection of young fruit after flowering After flowering, spray with an 800-fold dilution of potassium bicarbonate, focusing on protecting the undersides of leaves, tender shoots, and the area around fruiting branches. Do not spray directly onto young fruits or withered flowers.

[0080] (7) Postharvest recovery management After harvesting, prune diseased and weak branches and dense inner branches, and apply 18-20 kg / tree of well-rotted sheep manure and 1 kg / tree of calcium and magnesium fertilizer to improve the quality of flower buds and the tree's resistance to adverse conditions in the following year.

[0081] Example 6

[0082] The replacement conditions are as follows: Turn over 15cm; Cover with straw 5cm; Lime sulfur solution, 3 Baume degrees; 80% sulfur water-dispersible granules, 1000 times dilution.

[0083] The formulation of the powdery mildew control composition for sea buckthorn is as follows: 30 parts of Bacillus subtilis; 10 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; 10 parts of Trichoderma; 5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide; 10 parts of potassium bicarbonate; and 1 part of adjuvant.

[0084] The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0085] Example 7

[0086] The replacement conditions are as follows: 900m above sea level; Slope 5°; Cover with straw 10cm; Alfalfa coverage is 60%.

[0087] The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0088] Example 8

[0089] The replacement conditions are as follows: Altitude 1350m; Slope 12°; Cover with straw 12cm; White clover coverage is 75%.

[0090] The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0091] Example 9

[0092] The replacement conditions are as follows: Altitude 1600m; Cover with straw 15cm; Lime sulfur solution, 5 Baume degrees; Kaolin suspension was used during the young fruit stage.

[0093] The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0094] Example 10

[0095] The replacement conditions are as follows: Deep turn 30cm; Cover with corn stalks 15cm thick; Alfalfa and white clover mixed planting; 5 Baume lime-sulfur mixture; Sulfur suspension concentrate, 300 times dilution; Spray Bacillus subtilis suspension during the inflorescence separation period, and spray mineral oil emulsion after flowering; the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0096] Comparative Example 1: Only perform regular pruning and fertilization.

[0097] Comparative Example 2: Only a cleanup operation was carried out.

[0098] Comparative Example 3 Garden cleaning + lime sulfur mixture.

[0099] Do not cover with straw or leave grass.

[0100] Comparative Example 4 Clean gardens + ecological regulation.

[0101] Do not carry out prevention and control measures before budding, during the new shoot stage, or during the inflorescence stage.

[0102] Comparative Example 5 Local fruit farmers' conventional management model: Spray triadimefon once before bud break and once during the young fruit stage.

[0103] No ecological regulation measures will be taken for the rest.

[0104] Comparative Example 6 Except for step (5), the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0105] Step (5) involves spraying only Bacillus subtilis suspension.

[0106] Do not add: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Trichoderma; Chitosan oligosaccharides; Potassium bicarbonate.

[0107] Experimental comparison and data statistics Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were used as treatment groups, with each group replicated three times, and 20 sea buckthorn trees per replicate. During the peak period of powdery mildew, the incidence of diseased leaves, the incidence of diseased fruit, the disease index, the control effect, and the yield were investigated. Soluble solids and fruit firmness were measured at maturity.

[0108] The disease index is calculated using the conventional grading method: Disease index = Σ (number of diseased leaves at each level × representative value for that level) ÷ (total number of leaves surveyed × 9) × 100 Control effect = (Control disease index - Treatment disease index) ÷ Control disease index × 100; During the peak period of powdery mildew occurrence, investigate the following indicators: diseased leaf rate (%), diseased fruit rate (%), disease index, control effect (%), yield per plant (kg / plant), soluble solids (%), and fruit firmness (N).

[0109] The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2: Table 1. Occurrence of powdery mildew

[0110] Table 2 Yield and Quality

[0111] The data above show that the example groups have a significant inhibitory effect on powdery mildew, with Example 5 showing the best effect, with a diseased leaf rate of 6.5%, a diseased fruit rate of 4.2%, a disease index of 9.1, and a control effect of 89.3%. Meanwhile, the yield per plant, soluble solids content, and fruit firmness of the example groups were significantly higher than those of the control group, indicating that the present invention, through a combination of measures including "dormant orchard sanitation and source reduction - ecological regulation and moisture conservation - phenological staged control - post-harvest recovery management," can simultaneously achieve disease control, increased yield, and improved quality.

[0112] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for controlling powdery mildew in sea buckthorn, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Dormant period orchard cleanup: After the sea buckthorn leaves fall, remove diseased branches, leaves and fallen fruit, and deeply till the tree basin; 2) Ecological regulation: Cover the tree basin with straw to retain moisture, and plant green manure plants between the rows of orchards to form an ecological cover belt; 3) Pre-budding prevention: Spray the tree with lime sulfur mixture before the sea buckthorn buds sprout; 4) Prevention and control during the new shoot growth period: When the new shoots reach a length of 5-15cm, spray with a sulfur-containing protective agent; 5) Biological control during inflorescence separation: Spray the powdery mildew control composition for sea buckthorn fruit when the inflorescence begins to separate but has not yet opened; The powdery mildew control composition for sea buckthorn fruit comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 portions of Bacillus subtilis; 10-30 portions of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; 10-20 parts of Trichoderma; Chitosan oligosaccharide 5-15 parts; 10-30 parts potassium bicarbonate; Agricultural adjuvants are acceptable in quantities of 1 to 10 parts. 6) Prevention and control during the young fruit stage after flowering: Spray with mineral-based protective agents; 7) After harvesting, prune and apply organic fertilizer to reduce the initial population of powdery mildew pathogens in the next growth cycle.

2. The method for controlling powdery mildew on sea buckthorn fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sea buckthorn orchard is located in the loess hilly area, river valley gentle slope or terraced orchard, with a slope of 3 to 15 degrees and an altitude of 800 to 1800 meters.

3. The method for controlling powdery mildew on sea buckthorn fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the straw moisture-retaining layer is 5-15 cm; the straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, and bean straw.

4. The method for controlling powdery mildew on sea buckthorn fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The green manure plants are selected from one or more of the following: alfalfa, white clover, hairy vetch, and ryegrass; the green manure coverage rate reaches more than 60%.

5. The method for controlling powdery mildew on sea buckthorn fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the concentration of lime-sulfur mixture is 3-5 Baume degrees; The spraying areas include: the trunk, main branches, lateral branches, one-year-old fruiting branches, and bark cracks.

6. The method for controlling powdery mildew on sea buckthorn fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sulfur-containing protective agent mentioned in step (4) is: 80% sulfur water-dispersible granules at a dilution of 500 to 1000 times; or sulfur suspension at a dilution of 200 to 500 times.

7. The method for controlling powdery mildew on sea buckthorn fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biological components in the sea buckthorn powdery mildew control composition described in step (5) also include one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, and Trichoderma, with the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis and / or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens being [missing information]. .

8. The method for controlling powdery mildew on sea buckthorn fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mineral source protectant mentioned in step (6) includes one or more of the following: mineral oil emulsion, potassium bicarbonate, and kaolin suspension.

9. A method for controlling powdery mildew on sea buckthorn fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (7), apply 10-30 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer per plant and apply 0.5-2 kg of calcium-magnesium fertilizer per plant.

10. A method for controlling powdery mildew on sea buckthorn fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps (3) to (6), the following options are selected: Wind speed less than 3m / s Relative humidity below 70% Apply pesticides between 3:00 PM and 6:00 PM on sunny or partly cloudy days.

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