A method of reducing the rate of red heart in macadamia nut kernels
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610883676.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-25
AI Technical Summary
[0018]（1）在澳洲坚果秋梢期过后至花期期间，是花芽分化及花朵生长的关键期，此时保证合适的土壤含水量，能保证光合作用和养分运输的顺利进行，促进花朵雄蕊和雌蕊等器官的正常发育，为授粉的正常进行提供良好基础。
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Figure CN122804644A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of macadamia nut cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nut kernels. Background Technology
[0002] Macadamia nuts originated in Australia and belong to the Proteaceae family of evergreen trees. Their fruit shells are as hard as stone, while the kernels inside have a creamy and delicate texture. They have a rich and nutritious taste and are known as the "King of Nuts". They also have preventive effects against aging, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and more.
[0003] Macadamia nut trees grow rapidly in their early stages and are highly adaptable, tolerating both the high temperatures and humidity of tropical climates and thriving in subtropical climates. They are now widely cultivated in southern my country. The economic value of macadamia nuts is closely related to the quality of the kernels. Defective kernels will affect the purchase price. Kernel defects include shriveling, red core, mold, oiliness, and insect infestation. Red core kernels are a relatively recent development, characterized by abnormal pigment deposition in the center of the kernel, appearing red or reddish-brown. Figure 1 As shown, there is currently no systematic investigation or research on this issue. Industry analysis suggests several possible causes, including: poor pollination and fertilization during the pollination period; high temperatures during drying leading to sugar accumulation in the kernels; or factors related to certain pests and diseases. To improve kernel quality, it is essential to research a method to reduce the red heart rate in macadamia nuts. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention discloses a method for reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nut kernels, which can effectively reduce the red heart rate of macadamia nut kernels.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
[0006] A method for reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nut kernels includes the following steps:
[0007] During the period from the autumn shoots of macadamia trees to the flowering period, pay attention to water management and keep the soil moisture content above 30%.
[0008] Flowering period management: Spray a flowering-promoting solution during the flowering period of macadamia nuts. The flowering-promoting solution consists of the following components: 1500-1800 times dilution of gibberellin, 0.10-0.25% borax, 0.1-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer, and 3-5% mixture of white sugar and honey.
[0009] Fruit enlargement period management: Spray fruit-preserving hormone during the fruit enlargement period. The fruit-preserving hormone is composed of the following components: brassinolide 1500~1800 times dilution, calcium nitrate 500~800 times dilution, and fluid boron 900~1200 times dilution.
[0010] Post-harvest care: After harvesting macadamia nuts, during the peeling and drying process, the drying temperature should be controlled at 35-40℃, and the drying should be carried out continuously for more than 72 hours.
[0011] Preferably, during the fruit enlargement period and before fruit harvest, fungicides and insecticides are used for pest and disease control; the insecticides are 1500-2000 times diluted abamectin and 800-1000 times diluted cyhalothrin, used alternately at an interval of 10-20 days; the fungicides are 800-1200 times diluted prochloraz and thiophanate-methyl, used at an interval of 10-20 days.
[0012] Preferably, the amount of the flower-promoting solution used is 8-15 kg per tree per application; sprayed once every 10-25 days.
[0013] Preferably, the dosage of the fruit-preserving hormone is 15-25 kg per tree; it can be sprayed once or in 2-3 applications, with an interval of 10-15 days between applications.
[0014] Preferably, in the mixture of white sugar and honey, the weight ratio of white sugar to honey is (1~2):(2~5).
[0015] Preferably, in the 800-1200 times dilution of prochloraz and thiophanate-methyl, the mass ratio of prochloraz to thiophanate-methyl is 1:(1-2).
[0016] If dry weather occurs between the end of the autumn shoot growth period and the flowering period of macadamia nuts, timely irrigation is necessary to maintain soil moisture content above 30%.
[0017] The methods described above for reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nuts have the following advantages:
[0018] (1) The period from the autumn shoots of macadamia to the flowering period is the critical period for flower bud differentiation and flower growth. At this time, ensuring appropriate soil moisture content can ensure the smooth progress of photosynthesis and nutrient transport, promote the normal development of organs such as stamens and pistils, and provide a good foundation for normal pollination.
[0019] (2) Spray appropriate hormones, fertilizers and a mixture of white sugar and honey during the flowering period to better ensure the normal development of flower organs, and guide bees to assist in pollination to promote the smooth progress of pollination during the flowering period.
[0020] (3) During the fruit enlargement period, appropriate hormones can be used to promote fruit growth, enhance the hardness of the shell, and improve the physical resistance of the fruit, thereby further reducing the rate of bad kernels, especially the rate of red heart kernels.
[0021] (4) After the fruit is harvested, the present invention uses a lower temperature to dry the macadamia nuts in order to avoid excessive accumulation of sugar or rancidity of unsaturated oils that would cause the kernel center to turn red or brown.
[0022] (5) The present invention further sprays fungicides and insecticides in a timely manner to avoid the negative impact of pathogen growth and pest outbreaks on macadamia nut growth during high-temperature climates.
[0023] (6) This invention significantly reduces the red heart rate of macadamia nuts by combining methods such as improving water management, promoting flowering and pollination, using hormones to protect fruit, and controlling pests and diseases. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 Photos of various macadamia nuts with red hearts. Detailed Implementation
[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of this invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0026] The experimental sites for this embodiment and the comparative example were selected in Nanning City, and the experimental period began in November 2024. Each embodiment and the comparative example selected 1 mu of macadamia trees ("Guire No. 1" variety, 7 years old) for the experiment. Approximately 22-25 trees were planted per mu. The fruit condition and kernel red heart rate of macadamia nuts in the 8th year were investigated. The sampling method was as follows: 20 trees were randomly selected from each mu, and 50 macadamia nuts were randomly picked from each tree.
[0027] This embodiment was tested in Nanning City. According to the growth pattern of macadamia trees planted in Nanning City, the period from the autumn shoots to the flowering period is from November to March of the following year, the flowering period is from February to March, the fruit enlargement period is from April to June, and the period from the fruit enlargement period to the fruit harvest is from April to September.
[0028] Example 1
[0029] A method for reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nut kernels includes the following steps:
[0030] During the period from the autumn shoots of macadamia trees to the flowering period, pay attention to water management and keep the soil moisture content above 30%.
[0031] Flowering Management: Spray a flowering-promoting solution during the macadamia nut flowering period. This solution consists of the following components: 1500x dilution of gibberellin, 0.20% borax, 0.20% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15% amino acid foliar fertilizer, and a mixture of 4% white sugar and honey. The dosage is 15 kg per tree per application, sprayed every 20 days. The weight ratio of white sugar to honey in the white sugar and honey mixture is 1:1.
[0032] Fruit enlargement period management: Spray fruit-preserving hormone during the fruit enlargement period. The fruit-preserving hormone consists of the following components: brassinolide (1500x dilution), calcium nitrate (500x dilution), and fluid boron (1000x dilution). The dosage of the fruit-preserving hormone is 20kg per tree; spray twice, with an interval of 15 days between sprays.
[0033] During the fruit enlargement period and before harvest, fungicides and insecticides are used for pest and disease control. The insecticides used are 1500 times diluted abamectin and 800 times diluted cyhalothrin, used alternately at 15-day intervals. The fungicides used are 1000 times diluted prochloraz and thiophanate-methyl, with a mass ratio of prochloraz to thiophanate-methyl of 1:1, used at 15-day intervals.
[0034] Post-harvest care: After harvesting macadamia nuts, during the peeling and drying process, the drying temperature is controlled at 35℃ and the drying is carried out continuously for 75 hours.
[0035] Example 2
[0036] A method for reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nut kernels includes the following steps:
[0037] During the period from the autumn shoots of macadamia trees to the flowering period, pay attention to water management and keep the soil moisture content above 30%.
[0038] Flowering Management: Spray a flowering-promoting solution during the macadamia flowering period. This solution consists of the following components: 1800x dilution of gibberellin, 0.25% borax, 0.30% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.20% amino acid foliar fertilizer, and a mixture of 5% white sugar and honey. The dosage is 15 kg per tree per application, sprayed every 20 days. The weight ratio of white sugar to honey in the sugar and honey mixture is 1:5.
[0039] Fruit enlargement period management: Spray fruit-preserving hormone during the fruit enlargement period. The fruit-preserving hormone consists of the following components: brassinolide (1800x dilution), calcium nitrate (800x dilution), and fluid boron (1200x dilution). The dosage of the fruit-preserving hormone is 25kg per tree; spray twice, with an interval of 15 days between sprays.
[0040] During the fruit enlargement period and before harvest, fungicides and insecticides are used for pest and disease control. The insecticides used are 1500 times diluted abamectin and 800 times diluted cyhalothrin, used alternately at 15-day intervals. The fungicides used are 1000 times diluted prochloraz and thiophanate-methyl, with a mass ratio of prochloraz to thiophanate-methyl of 1:2, used at 15-day intervals.
[0041] Post-harvest care: After harvesting macadamia nuts, during the peeling and drying process, the drying temperature is controlled at 40℃ and dried continuously for 75 hours.
[0042] Example 3
[0043] Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, but during the flowering period management, the amount of flowering-promoting liquid used is 8 kg per tree each time, sprayed once every 15 days.
[0044] Example 4
[0045] Example 4 is basically the same as Example 1, but during the fruit enlargement period, the amount of fruit-preserving hormone used is 25 kg per tree, which is applied in one spray.
[0046] Comparative Example 1
[0047] Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the following measures are specifically adopted for flowering period management:
[0048] During the early flowering period of macadamia trees in early February, spray each tree with 0.9L of a 2000-fold dilution of sodium nitrophenolate, 0.6L of a 0.1% concentration of amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.55L of a 0.1% concentration of borax, and 0.3L of a 0.1% concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. During the peak flowering period of macadamia trees at the end of February, spray each tree with 0.9L of a 2000-fold dilution of sodium nitrophenolate, 0.6L of a 2000-fold dilution of brassinolide, 0.8L of a 0.1% concentration of borax, 0.7L of a 0.2% concentration of amino acid foliar fertilizer, and 1.0-1.2L of a 1000-fold dilution of beeswax solution.
[0049] Comparative Example 2
[0050] Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the following measures are specifically adopted for fruit enlargement management:
[0051] In early April, during the initial fruit setting stage of macadamia trees, apply 1 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.7 L of 0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer to each tree.
[0052] Comparative Example 3
[0053] Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that calcium nitrate was not used in the management of the fruit enlargement period.
[0054] Comparative Example 4
[0055] Comparative Example 4 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the drying temperature is controlled at 45°C during the peeling and drying process.
[0056] Comparative Example 5
[0057] Comparative Example 5 is basically the same as Example 1, except that there was less rainfall from December 2024 to January 2025, and the soil moisture content was below 30% on 18 days, according to the survey.
[0058] Comparative Example 6
[0059] Comparative Example 6 served as a blank control and did not employ the measures described in Example 1.
[0060] The fruit condition and kernel red heart rate of macadamia nuts in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were investigated in the 8th year. The specific results are shown in Table 1:
[0061] Table 1. Macadamia nut fruit condition and kernel red heart rate
[0062]
[0063] The results showed that by combining improved water management, flower and pollination promotion, hormone-based fruit preservation, and pest and disease control, this embodiment effectively controlled the red heart rate of macadamia nuts to below 2.8%, significantly reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nuts.
[0064] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nut kernels, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: During the period from the autumn shoots of macadamia trees to the flowering period, pay attention to water management and keep the soil moisture content above 30%. Flowering period management: Spray a flowering-promoting solution during the flowering period of macadamia nuts. The flowering-promoting solution consists of the following components: 1500-1800 times dilution of gibberellin, 0.10-0.25% borax, 0.1-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer, and 3-5% mixture of white sugar and honey. Fruit enlargement period management: Spray fruit-preserving hormone during the fruit enlargement period. The fruit-preserving hormone is composed of the following components: brassinolide 1500~1800 times dilution, calcium nitrate 500~800 times dilution, and fluid boron 900~1200 times dilution. Post-harvest care: After harvesting macadamia nuts, during the peeling and drying process, the drying temperature should be controlled at 35-40℃, and the drying should be carried out continuously for more than 72 hours.
2. The method for reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nut kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the fruit enlargement period and before harvest, fungicides and insecticides are used for pest and disease control. The insecticides used are abamectin and emamectin benzoate at 1500-2000 times dilution and cyhalothrin at 800-1000 times dilution, used alternately at an interval of 10-20 days. The fungicides used are prochloraz and thiophanate-methyl at 800-1200 times dilution, used at an interval of 10-20 days.
3. The method for reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nut kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of the flower-promoting solution used is 8-15 kg per tree per application; spray once every 10-25 days.
4. The method for reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nut kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dosage of the fruit-preserving hormone is 15-25 kg per tree; it can be sprayed once or in 2-3 applications, with an interval of 10-15 days between applications.
5. The method for reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nut kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the mixture of white sugar and honey, the weight ratio of white sugar to honey is (1~2):(2~5).
6. The method for reducing the red heart rate of macadamia nut kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In a solution of prochloraz and thiophanate-methyl diluted 800-1200 times, the mass ratio of prochloraz to thiophanate-methyl is 1:(1-2).