A method for growing morel and its nutrient

Abstract

The present application provides a morel planting method and its nutrient, and belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation. The morel nutrient is prepared from corn starch, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, light calcium carbonate and fermented soybean meal powder through the steps of batching and mixing, moisture conditioning, equipment preheating, extrusion puffing, air cooling, screening and impurity removal. The prepared nutrient quickly absorbs water, softens and is eaten by mycelium within 1 hour after being exposed to water. The morel nutrient can realize fully mechanized planting production. After being mixed with the spawn in a heat preservation greenhouse, the artificial labor can be reduced, and the process is convenient and fast. The use cost of the nutrient is low, and the planting raw material cost is saved by 30%-50% compared with the nutrient bag planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, specifically to a method for cultivating morel mushrooms and its nutrient supply. Background Technology

[0002] Morel mushrooms are a valuable edible and medicinal fungus with effects such as enhancing immunity, regulating the gastrointestinal tract, and anti-oxidation. Tan Fanghe invented nutrient bag cultivation, breaking through the technical barriers of morel mushroom cultivation, fundamentally changing morel mushroom cultivation in China, significantly increasing the domestic cultivation area, and greatly enhancing the benefits of industrialized morel mushroom cultivation.

[0003] The current cultivation method for morel mushrooms is as follows: inoculate the soil with the spawn and cover it with soil, water it, and after the mycelium emerges from the soil surface, place a nutrient bag (made of wheat, corn cobs, cottonseed hulls, etc.) with a cut on it on the soil surface. The mycelium grows into the nutrient bag from the opening at the bottom and absorbs nutrients to grow inside the bag. At the same time, it transfers its own nutrients to the soil to supply the mycelium in the soil for growth. After the mycelium matures from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, water it to promote the growth of primordia and the development of mushrooms.

[0004] The disadvantages of existing technologies are: 1) Manufacturing nutrient bags is too cumbersome and costly. Production requires crushing, pre-wetting, bagging, and high-temperature sterilization, making them difficult to store and transport. They must be used within a few days of production, are easily contaminated, require refrigeration, and necessitate large-scale equipment. 2) The main raw material for nutrient bags is wheat, making them overly dependent on grains. Each acre requires 500-2000 jin of wheat, competing for national staple grains. As growers pursue higher yields, wheat consumption is increasing. 3) During use, nutrient bags operate in an open environment, making them susceptible to contamination due to temperature, humidity, and environmental pollution, leading to reduced or no yields. 4) Placing and collecting nutrient bags requires significant manpower, and the secondary processing of recycled bags is currently inadequate, resulting in many being discarded in the wild, causing environmental pollution. 5) Nutrient bag methods cannot achieve mechanized planting; currently, placement is entirely manual. 6) Nutrient bag methods are inconvenient for factory-style planting, prone to contamination, and difficult to operate. 7) Currently, most morel mushrooms in China are grown in insulated greenhouses, which is costly. The cost of using nutrient bags per mu is about 2,000-4,500 yuan. The production competition is fierce and the profit is very low. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for cultivating morel mushrooms and its nutrient solution. The nutrient solution of this invention is prepared from corn starch, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, and fermented soybean meal powder through steps such as ingredient mixing, moisture conditioning, equipment preheating, extrusion puffing, air cooling, and sieving to remove impurities. The prepared nutrient solution absorbs water rapidly upon contact with water, softens, and is readily consumed by mycelium within one hour. This nutrient solution enables fully mechanized cultivation. In a heated greenhouse, it can be mixed with the mushroom spawn, reducing labor requirements and offering convenience and speed. The nutrient solution has low operating costs, saving 30%-50% of the raw material costs compared to cultivation using nutrient bags.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a morel mushroom nutrient feed, characterized in that its raw materials and weight parts are: 90-95 parts corn starch, 5-10 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-5 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.3 parts light calcium carbonate, and 3-6 parts fermented soybean meal powder.

[0007] Preferably, the corn starch is 80-120 mesh and the light calcium carbonate is 325-400 mesh.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the above-mentioned fermented soybean meal powder is as follows: First, the soybean meal is pulverized to a particle size of 40-80 mesh, and the moisture content is adjusted to 45%-55%. Then, fermentation inoculum (one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is added at an inoculation amount of 0.5%-2%, the fermentation temperature is 25-35℃, the fermentation time is 48-72 hours, and the pH is 5.5-7.0. After fermentation, the material is removed, loosened, and allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. Then, after drying, the material is pulverized to a particle size of 80-100 mesh. The fermented soybean meal powder contains ≥1×10⁻⁶ viable bacteria. 8 CFU / g.

[0009] The method for preparing morel mushroom nutrient feed of the present invention is as follows: it is prepared by ingredient mixing, moisture conditioning, equipment preheating, extrusion puffing, air cooling, and sieving to remove impurities, wherein the moisture content is adjusted to 9-12%; the temperature of the feeding section of the extrusion puffing is 55-70℃, the temperature of the compression section is 90-110℃, the temperature of the shearing main puffing section is 120-130℃, the temperature of the die head section is 120-128℃, and the residence time in the machine is 8-15s.

[0010] This invention also discloses a method for cultivating morel mushrooms using the nutrient material of this invention, wherein the factory-style tiered cultivation method includes: 1) planting tiers, adding soil to a depth of 12-15cm; 2) spreading inoculum and nutrient material: after covering three-quarters of the soil, spreading inoculum, and then spreading nutrient material on top of the inoculum, or mixing inoculum and nutrient material and spreading evenly on the bed surface; 3) covering with soil and watering: after spreading inoculum and nutrient material, covering with 2-3cm of soil and then watering thoroughly; 4) mycelial cultivation management: after watering, the mycelial cultivation period begins, and the mycelium emerges from the soil within 3-5 days; 5) mycelium consuming nutrient material: the mycelium gradually decomposes the nutrient material; 6) mycelium forming sclerotia in the soil: during the mycelial cultivation process, many sclerotia are formed in the soil, and nutrients are stored; 7) mycelial frost forms on the soil surface; 8) the mycelium completes the decomposition of the nutrient material; 9) primordia form and differentiate; 10) morel mushroom fruiting bodies grow.

[0011] The method for planting in greenhouse nutrient-rich soil is as follows: make beds 80-120cm wide, sow the inoculum, spread the nutrient material, cover with 2-3cm of soil, and water.

[0012] The core advantages of this invention, which involves fermenting soybean meal powder and then puffing it (suitable for morel cultivation), are summarized as follows: 1) Easier nutrient absorption: Monosaccharides and morel mycelia can be directly utilized, with rapid decomposition. Fermentation breaks down large protein molecules into small peptides and amino acids; puffing further disrupts the protein structure and assists in the full gelatinization of starch, significantly improving the decomposition and utilization rate and absorption rate of morel mycelia; 2) Improved substrate physicochemical properties: The material becomes loose and porous, with enhanced air permeability and water retention, matching the aerobic growth characteristics of morel, resulting in faster mycelial growth, uniform growth, and neatness; 3) Thorough antibacterial and pollution reduction: Dual sterilization: Fermentation inhibits harmful bacteria, and high-temperature puffing kills mold, spores of miscellaneous bacteria, and insect eggs, significantly reducing the risk of contamination during cultivation; 4) Removal of anti-nutritional factors: The dual action of fermentation and high-temperature puffing completely inactivates harmful substances such as trypsin inhibitors in soybean meal, avoiding inhibition of mycelial growth. 4) Controllable nutrient release: Nutrients are released quickly, providing ample fertility in the early stages. It has a high proportion of fast-acting nutrients and takes effect rapidly, making it ideal for use as a nutrient feed to quickly supply the nutrients needed for mushroom growth. 5) Improved material stability: After puffing, the material has a uniform texture and is less prone to caking, making mixing and bagging easier and creating a more stable substrate environment.

[0013] The technical effects of this invention are: 1. The raw materials are simple to source, and the production process is simple and convenient. The materials are mixed and then puffed, eliminating the need for high-temperature sterilization. This makes it easy to produce, store, and transport, requiring little space and facilitating industrial production. The prepared nutrient solution absorbs water quickly, softens, and is consumed by mycelia within one hour. Because the starch has already gelatinized, it is easier to decompose and absorb. The soybean meal, after fermentation and further puffing, also becomes more easily decomposed and absorbed.

[0014] 2. Minimal pollution during nutrient application: Because nutrients are supplied underground, and morel mushrooms are low-temperature edible fungi, the surface of the substrate bed can be virtually pollution-free during low-temperature cultivation. Using nutrient-based cultivation methods facilitates factory-style planting, achieving zero pollution on the substrate bed surface. The nutrient-based cultivation process requires minimal labor; it can be applied simultaneously with the inoculum, followed by covering with soil and watering. The appropriate amount of nutrient-based material will be completely absorbed by the morel mushrooms, requiring no further processing, thus avoiding secondary processing costs and pollution.

[0015] 3. The nutrient solution allows for fully mechanized planting and production. In insulated greenhouses, it can be mixed with the spawn to reduce labor requirements, making the process convenient and quick. Management during mycelial growth is simple; aside from normal management, minimal intervention is needed until the mycelium matures and watering is applied to promote fruiting.

[0016] 4. The nutritional supplement can be vacuum-sealed, which is dry, hygienic, and free from external contamination, and has a shelf life of more than two years.

[0017] 5. The nutrient composition of the substrate is purer, and after maturation, it is rich in nutrients and easier to absorb, resulting in high and stable yields of morel mushrooms and a high conversion rate. It allows for two crops of mushrooms; after the first crop is harvested, a second batch of substrate can be provided for another round of fruiting.

[0018] 6. Nutrient substrate allows for flexible sowing methods, including row sowing, hill sowing, and flat sowing. It also offers low operating costs, saving 30%-50% on raw material costs compared to nutrient bag planting. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 Flowchart of morel mushroom nutrient feed production process; Figure 2 Prepare the planting trellis and add soil; Figure 3 To spread inoculants and nutrients; Figure 4 Water the soil before covering the soil. Figure 5 For mycelial culture management; Figure 6 The mycelium is consuming nutrients. Figure 7 To form sclerotia from mycelia in the soil; Figure 8 A bacterial bloom forms on the soil surface; Figure 9 The mycelium completes the decomposition of nutrients; Figure 10 For the formation and differentiation of primordia; Figure 11 Morel fruiting bodies are growing. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The effects are illustrated below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. See the flowchart for the morel mushroom nutrient feed production process. Figure 1 .

[0021] Example 1: Raw material ratio (parts by weight): 92 parts corn starch, 8 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.2 parts light calcium carbonate, and 4.8 parts fermented soybean meal powder. Among them, the corn starch is 80-120 mesh with a water content of 12%-14%, and the light calcium carbonate is 325-400 mesh.

[0022] Preparation process: Raw material pretreatment → Batching and mixing → Moisture conditioning → Equipment preheating → Extrusion puffing → Air cooling → Sieving and impurity removal → Finished product inspection → Packaging and warehousing. See Table 1 for details. Segmented temperature control of the puffing machine is shown in Table 2. Key production control points are shown in Table 3. Finished product moisture standard: 10%-12%; Core requirements: No mold, no scorching, uniform puffing, and low microbial content.

[0023]

[0024]

[0025] The processing flow of fermented soybean meal is as follows: soybean meal - grinding - adding 45% water - adding bacterial strain - fermentation - low temperature constant temperature drying below 60℃ - packaging for later use. See Table 4 for details.

[0026] Table 4 Processing flow of fermented soybean meal

[0027] The screening test design for the main raw materials (corn flour, whole wheat flour, cassava starch, and corn starch) of the nutrient material of this invention is shown in Table 5. As can be seen from the table, corn starch is the best main raw material for the nutrient material. Its mycelial growth (3 days) after inoculation on plates can reach 3.5 cm. Its contamination rate (bacteria, miscellaneous bacteria) is low. The nutrient material is in normal condition during planting tests, the mycelium in the soil is strong, and the fruiting occurs in 50 days.

[0028] Table 5 Main ingredients of nutrient feed

[0029] Example 2: The process for industrialized shelf cultivation of morel mushrooms is as follows.

[0030] 1. Planting trellises and soil preparation: See [link / reference] Figure 2 The shelf is 2.5 meters high, with 50 cm between each shelf, and has four shelves in total. The soil depth is 12-15 cm. 2. Spreading inoculum and nutrients: See Figure 3 After covering three-quarters of the soil, sprinkle the inoculum, and then sprinkle nutrients on top of the inoculum, or mix the inoculum and nutrients and sprinkle them evenly on the bed surface. 3. Cover with soil and water: See Figure 4 After spreading the inoculum and nutrients, cover with 2-3cm of soil and then water thoroughly. 4. Mycelial Culture Management: See Figure 5 After watering, the mycelium enters the mycelium cultivation period, and the mycelium emerges from the soil within three to five days; 5. Mycelium consumes nutrients: See [link / reference] Figure 6 Upon digging and observing, the mycelium gradually decomposes the nutrients; 6. Mycelium in the soil forms sclerotia: See Figure 7 During mycelial culture, many sclerotia are formed in the soil, where nutrients are stored. 7. Frost forms on the soil surface, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 8 ; 8. The mycelium has completed the decomposition of nutrients. See below. Figure 9 ; 9. Primordial formation and differentiation, see [link to relevant documentation] Figure 10 ; 10. Morel fruiting body development, see [reference needed] Figure 11 .

[0031] Product efficacy: The amount of nutrient feed used per mu is 300 jin, 500 jin, 660 jin, 1000 jin, with the optimal amount being 500-660 jin (see Table 6).

[0032] Yield measurement results: Fresh product yield per square meter, results are shown in Table 6.

[0033] Table 6 Analysis of the Effects of the Nutrient Feed Usage Test

[0034] Conclusion: Nutrient-based cultivation resulted in excellent mycelial growth, mycelial bloom, and sclerotium production. The bed surface was free of contamination, differentiation was good, fruiting bodies grew normally, and yields were high. The optimal nutrient solution used in the experiment was 500-660 catties per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares).

[0035] Example 3: Greenhouse nutrient substrate planting method: Make beds 80-120cm wide - sow inoculum - spread nutrient substrate - cover with 2-3cm of soil - water.

[0036] Compared to the nutrient bag planting process, this invention uses a nutrient substrate planting method, which has the following advantages: 1) The raw materials are simple to source, and the production process is simple and convenient. After mixing, the materials undergo expansion treatment, eliminating the need for high-temperature sterilization, making them easy to produce, store, and transport. It also requires less land and is conducive to industrial production. 2) The nutrient substrate method results in less pollution. Since nutrients are supplied underground, and morel mushrooms are low-temperature edible fungi, the surface of the substrate bed can be virtually pollution-free during low-temperature cultivation. 3) The nutrient substrate allows for fully mechanized planting. In a heated greenhouse, it can be mixed with the spawn and mechanically sown, reducing manual labor and making the process convenient and fast. Management during mycelial growth is simple, requiring minimal intervention beyond normal management until the mycelium matures and watering is applied to promote fruiting. 4) The cost is low, saving 30%-50% of the raw material costs compared to the nutrient bag method.

Claims

1. A morel mushroom nutrient feed, characterized in that, Its raw materials and their weight parts are: 90-95 parts corn starch, 5-10 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-5 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.3 parts light calcium carbonate, and 3-6 parts fermented soybean meal powder.

2. The morel mushroom nutrient feed as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The corn starch is 80-120 mesh, and the light calcium carbonate is 325-400 mesh.

3. The morel mushroom nutrient feed as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the fermented soybean meal powder is as follows: First, the soybean meal is pulverized to a particle size of 40-80 mesh, and the moisture content is adjusted to 45%-55%. Then, fermentation inoculum is added at an inoculation rate of 0.5%-2%, the fermentation temperature is 25-35℃, the fermentation time is 48-72 hours, and the pH is 5.5-7.

0. After fermentation, the material is removed, loosened, and allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. Then, after drying, the material is pulverized to a particle size of 80-100 mesh. The fermented soybean meal powder contains ≥1×10⁻⁶ live bacteria. 8 CFU / g.

4. The morel mushroom nutrient feed as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The fermentation strain is one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

5. The method for preparing morel mushroom nutrient feed according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It is prepared through batching and mixing, moisture conditioning, equipment preheating, extrusion puffing, air cooling and sieving to remove impurities.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Moisture conditioning step: adjust moisture to 9-12%; extrusion puffing feeding section temperature 55-70℃, compression section temperature 90-110℃, shearing main puffing section temperature 120-130℃, die head section temperature 120-128℃, dwell time in machine 8-15s.

7. A method for cultivating morel mushrooms using the morel mushroom nutrient material according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The factory-style tiered cultivation method includes: 1) Planting tiers and covering them with soil to a depth of 12-15cm; 2) Spreading inoculum and nutrients: After covering three-quarters of the soil, spread inoculum and nutrients on top of it, or mix the inoculum and nutrients and spread them evenly on the bed surface; 3) Covering with soil and watering: After spreading the inoculum and nutrients, cover with 2-3cm of soil and then water thoroughly; 4) Mycelial cultivation and management: After watering, the mycelial cultivation period begins, and the mycelium emerges from the soil within 3-5 days; 5) Mycelium consumes nutrients: The mycelium gradually decomposes the nutrients; 6) Mycelium forms sclerotia in the soil: During the mycelial cultivation process, many sclerotia are formed in the soil, and nutrients are stored; 7) Mycelial bloom forms on the soil surface; 8) The mycelium completes the decomposition of nutrients; 9) Primordia form and differentiate; 10) Morel fruiting bodies grow.

8. A method for cultivating morel mushrooms using the morel mushroom nutrient material according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method for planting in greenhouse nutrient-rich soil is as follows: make beds 80-120cm wide, sow the inoculum, spread the nutrient material, cover with 2-3cm of soil, and water.

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