A selenium-controlled substrate for producing hericium erinaceus and a preparation method thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611323343.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-08-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-25
AI Technical Summary
但该类技术在实际应用中存在明显缺陷：直接添加的无机硒源或喷施含硒溶液，含硒成分迁移性强，易随基质补水、沥水过程流失，硒元素利用率低，且不同栽培批次间子实体硒含量波动幅度大，无法实现精准控硒，难以满足硒含量稳定均匀的品质要求
[0031]本申请提供的一种控硒生产猴头菇的基质中包含以阔叶木屑经碱活化后，投入有机硒与偶联剂的混合分散液中真空浸渍、沥除游离水分制得的硒改性阔叶木屑，以及由麦麸经亚硒酸钠溶液搅拌吸附、过滤烘干制得的硒改性麦麸。阔叶木屑经活化处理后具备丰富多孔结构，采用真空浸渍工艺可将有机硒负载于其表面和孔隙内部；与此同时，偶联剂水解可以生成硅羟基，能够与活化阔叶木屑表面羟基发生缩合反应，偶联剂分子另一端的氨基、环氧等官能团，再与有机硒上的氨基、羧基结合，显著提升有机硒与阔叶木屑的结合稳定性，得到硒改性阔叶木屑。随着阔叶木屑缓慢降解，负载的有机硒随之逐步析出，实现长效缓释供硒。而麦麸结构疏松，富含蛋白质与多糖，经浸泡吸附亚硒酸钠后，所固定的无机硒可伴随麦麸前期快速降解快速释放，供给菌丝生长初期的含硒营养。两类硒改性组分相互配合，能够实现猴头菇培育过程中，前期无机硒平稳释放、后期有机硒持续供给的控释效果。
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, specifically to a substrate for selenium-controlled production of Hericium erinaceus and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Selenium is an essential trace element for maintaining normal physiological functions in the human body. Selenium deficiency can lead to a decline in the body's antioxidant capacity and immune function, increasing the risk of various diseases. Selenium-enriched Hericium erinaceus combines the nutritional activity of Hericium erinaceus itself with the functions of selenium, possessing extremely high development value and market prospects.
[0003] Currently, the production of selenium-enriched lion's mane mushrooms mainly achieves selenium enrichment by directly adding inorganic selenium sources such as sodium selenite to conventional cultivation substrates, or by spraying selenium-containing solutions during the fruiting stage. However, this technology has significant drawbacks in practical applications: the directly added inorganic selenium sources or sprayed selenium-containing solutions exhibit strong selenium migration and are easily lost during substrate watering and drainage processes, resulting in low selenium utilization. Furthermore, the selenium content of fruiting bodies fluctuates greatly between different cultivation batches, making it impossible to achieve precise selenium control and meet the quality requirement of stable and uniform selenium content.
[0004] Therefore, developing a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus and its preparation method is key to achieving standardized production of selenium-enriched Hericium erinaceus and improving product quality and market competitiveness. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application utilizes selenium-modified hardwood chips, prepared by alkali activation of hardwood chips followed by vacuum impregnation and dewatering in a mixed dispersion of organic selenium and a coupling agent, and selenium-modified wheat bran, prepared by stirring and adsorbing wheat bran with sodium selenite solution, filtering and drying. These components, along with corn cobs, cottonseed hulls, soybean meal, corn flour, sucrose, light calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and vitamin B1, are combined to create a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus. This substrate ensures stable and uniform selenium content in cultivated Hericium erinaceus, robust mycelial growth, and excellent fruiting body yield and quality.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a matrix for the controlled production of Hericium erinaceus (monkey head mushroom), the matrix comprising selenium-modified broadleaf sawdust, selenium-modified wheat bran, corn cob, cottonseed hulls, soybean meal, corn flour, sucrose, light calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and vitamin B1; the mass ratio of the selenium-modified broadleaf sawdust, selenium-modified wheat bran, corn cob, cottonseed hulls, soybean meal, corn flour, sucrose, light calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and vitamin B1 is (35-45):(15-25):(20-30):(5-10):(3-6):(2-4):(4-8):(1-5):(0.5-1.0):(0.1-0.3); the selenium-modified broadleaf sawdust is obtained by activating broadleaf sawdust, then adding it to a mixed dispersion of organic selenium and a coupling agent, and vacuum impregnating and draining off the water; the selenium-modified wheat bran is obtained by stirring wheat bran in a sodium selenite solution, then filtering and drying it.
[0008] In the selenium-controlled production substrate for Hericium erinaceus provided in this application, broadleaf sawdust, corn cobs, and cottonseed hulls serve as long-lasting carbon sources, providing lignocellulose that is gradually decomposed and utilized by Hericium erinaceus; wheat bran, soybean meal, and corn flour serve as organic nitrogen sources, providing protein and amino acids; sucrose serves as a fast-acting carbon source, meeting the energy needs of mycelial colonization in its early stages; light calcium carbonate provides calcium ions and plays a role in regulating the pH environment of the substrate; potassium dihydrogen phosphate participates in energy metabolism and mycelial differentiation; and vitamin B1 participates in carbohydrate metabolism and is an essential factor for the growth of Hericium erinaceus.
[0009] Furthermore, and more importantly, activated hardwood sawdust has a highly porous structure. Vacuum impregnation allows organic selenium to be incorporated into these pores. Simultaneously, the silanol groups generated after the coupling agent hydrolyzes condense with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the activated hardwood sawdust, while the functional groups (such as amino or epoxy groups) at the other end combine with the amino or carboxyl groups in the organic selenium structure. This results in a more robust composite of organic selenium with the hardwood sawdust, yielding selenium-modified hardwood sawdust. Consequently, the selenium-containing components are slowly released as the hardwood sawdust gradually degrades, achieving a long-lasting, sustained release. Additionally, wheat bran has a loose texture and a high content of proteoglycans. After soaking and adsorbing sodium selenite, the inorganic selenium in this portion is rapidly released during the initial decomposition of the wheat bran, meeting the initial selenium requirements of the mycelium. The combined effect of these two processes achieves a stable release of selenium-containing components (in the form of inorganic selenium) in the early stages and a continuous supply of selenium-containing components (in the form of organic selenium) in the later stages.
[0010] In one possible implementation, the mass concentration of the organoselenium and coupling agent in the mixed dispersion is 4–10 mg / L, and the mass concentration of the coupling agent is 1–5 g / L; the mass concentration of sodium selenite in the sodium selenite solution is 10–20 mg / L.
[0011] In one possible implementation, the organoselenium comprises any one of selenomethionine, selenocysteine, and L-seleno-methylselenocysteine; the coupling agent comprises an aminosilane coupling agent or an epoxysilane coupling agent.
[0012] In one possible implementation, the aminosilane coupling agent comprises any one of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane; the epoxysilane coupling agent comprises any one of 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyltriethoxysilane, and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane.
[0013] The selenoamino acids used in this application can be directly absorbed by the mycelium through the amino acid transport channels of Hericium erinaceus, without the need for complex reduction and transformation. This results in higher enrichment efficiency than inorganic selenium, ultimately transforming into active ingredients such as selenoproteins and selenium polysaccharides. Furthermore, the alkoxy end of the coupling agent used in this application can hydrolyze to generate silanol groups, which then dehydrate and condense with the cellulose hydroxyl groups in the activated hardwood sawdust to form chemical bonds, fixing it to the surface of the activated hardwood sawdust. The amino or epoxy group at the other end can form covalent bonds or strong hydrogen bonds with the carboxyl or amino groups in the organoselenium molecule structure, firmly fixing the organoselenium to the sawdust surface and reducing potential dissolution.
[0014] In one possible implementation, the broadleaf wood chips include any one or more of poplar wood chips, elm wood chips, and willow wood chips; the particle size of the broadleaf wood chips is 2-8 mm.
[0015] The poplar, elm, and willow wood chips selected in this application have moderate lignin content and low levels of antibacterial components such as tannins, resulting in faster mycelial colonization and higher decomposition efficiency for *Hericium erinaceus*, making them superior to coniferous wood chips. Furthermore, by controlling the particle size range of broadleaf wood chips, this application can balance the aeration and water retention of the broadleaf wood chips, ensuring stable growth of *Hericium erinaceus*.
[0016] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus, comprising the following steps:
[0017] Activated hardwood chips were obtained by activating them, and then they were immersed in a mixed dispersion of organic selenium and coupling agent for vacuum impregnation. After impregnation, the surface free water was drained to obtain selenium-modified hardwood chips.
[0018] Wheat bran was added to a sodium selenite solution and stirred at room temperature. After stirring, the mixture was filtered, and the filter residue was dried to obtain selenium-modified wheat bran.
[0019] Weigh out the following ingredients in proportion: selenium-modified hardwood sawdust, selenium-modified wheat bran, corn cob, cottonseed hull, soybean meal, corn flour, sucrose, light calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and vitamin B1. Add water and stir to mix to obtain a mixed matrix.
[0020] The mixed substrate is dispensed into cultivation containers, subjected to high-pressure sterilization, and cooled to obtain the substrate for selenium-controlled production of Hericium erinaceus.
[0021] The method for preparing the substrate for selenium-controlled production of Hericium erinaceus provided in this application involves different modifications to hardwood sawdust and wheat bran. Hardwood sawdust has a relatively dense structure, so it is first activated and then vacuum impregnated to achieve a firm loading of selenium-containing components. Wheat bran has a relatively loose texture, and inorganic selenium can be loaded directly through physical adsorption via stirring. The vacuum impregnation process enhances the adhesion of the mixed dispersion to the surface of the hardwood sawdust and its penetration into the pores, resulting in a more uniform and sufficient loading of selenium-containing components on the hardwood sawdust. The subsequent high-pressure sterilization treatment kills miscellaneous bacteria and insect eggs in the substrate, reducing the contamination rate during subsequent cultivation.
[0022] In one possible implementation, the activation treatment of the hardwood chips includes: placing the hardwood chips in a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 1% to 3%, soaking them at 40 to 60°C for 2 to 4 hours, rinsing them with clean water until the effluent is neutral, and drying them at 60 to 80°C for 6 to 10 hours; the mass ratio of the activated hardwood chips and the mixed dispersion of organic selenium and coupling agent is 1:(8 to 10).
[0023] In this application, the relatively dilute sodium hydroxide is sufficient to dissolve some of the hemicellulose and lignin in the hardwood sawdust, increasing the porosity and specific surface area of the sawdust, exposing more cellulose hydroxyl groups, which is beneficial for the penetration of the mixture containing organic selenium and the grafting of coupling agent, further fixing the infiltrated selenium-containing components. Controlling the temperature and time during the activation process can prevent overtreatment of the hardwood sawdust, avoiding cellulose degradation and structural collapse. Furthermore, by controlling the mass ratio of activated hardwood sawdust to the mixed dispersion of organic selenium and coupling agent, it can be ensured that each unit mass of activated hardwood sawdust comes into sufficient contact with organic selenium and coupling agent, achieving a uniform and stable loading.
[0024] In one possible implementation, the vacuum degree of the vacuum impregnation is -0.06 to -0.1 MPa, the impregnation temperature is 25 to 40°C, and the impregnation time is 2 to 6 hours.
[0025] The vacuum impregnation conditions set in this application can effectively remove air from the pores, promote deep penetration of the organic selenium-containing mixture, and ensure that the organic selenium and coupling agent structures remain stable within the temperature range, without decomposition or deactivation.
[0026] In one possible implementation, the stirring speed of the room temperature stirring is 100-200 r / min, and the stirring time is 1-3 h; the drying temperature is 80-100℃, and the drying time is 3-6 h; the mass ratio of wheat bran to sodium selenite solution is 1:(5-8).
[0027] In one possible implementation, the mass ratio of water to the total of the other components in the mixed matrix is (50-60):(40-50).
[0028] Moisture participates in the dissolution and transport of nutrients in the substrate. If the moisture content is too low, the mycelium will grow slowly and sparsely. If it is too high, the substrate will be oxygen-deficient and the mycelium will be unable to breathe, which will easily lead to anaerobic rot and contamination by other microorganisms.
[0029] In one possible implementation, the autoclaving temperature is 121–126°C, the autoclaving pressure is 0.11–0.14 MPa, and the autoclaving duration is 90–120 min.
[0030] Beneficial technical effects:
[0031] This application provides a matrix for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus (monkey head mushroom). The matrix comprises selenium-modified hardwood sawdust, obtained by alkali activation of hardwood sawdust followed by vacuum impregnation in a mixed dispersion of organic selenium and a coupling agent, and subsequent dewatering to remove free water. It also includes selenium-modified wheat bran, obtained by stirring and adsorbing wheat bran with sodium selenite solution, followed by filtration and drying. The activated hardwood sawdust possesses a rich porous structure, allowing the organic selenium to be loaded onto its surface and within its pores using a vacuum impregnation process. Simultaneously, the coupling agent hydrolyzes to generate silanol groups, which can condense with the hydroxyl groups on the activated hardwood sawdust surface. The amino and epoxy functional groups at the other end of the coupling agent molecule then combine with the amino and carboxyl groups on the organic selenium, significantly improving the binding stability between the organic selenium and the hardwood sawdust, resulting in selenium-modified hardwood sawdust. As the hardwood sawdust slowly degrades, the loaded organic selenium gradually precipitates out, achieving a long-term, slow-release selenium supply. Wheat bran has a loose structure and is rich in protein and polysaccharides. After soaking and adsorbing sodium selenite, the fixed inorganic selenium can be rapidly released during the early stages of wheat bran degradation, providing selenium-containing nutrients for the mycelium during its initial growth. The two types of selenium-modified components work together to achieve a controlled-release effect during the cultivation of Hericium erinaceus, with a stable release of inorganic selenium in the early stages and a continuous supply of organic selenium in the later stages. Attached Figure Description
[0032] Figure 1 This is a photograph of the substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus prepared in Example 3 of this application;
[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of the substrate for selenium-controlled production of Hericium erinaceus in this application. Detailed Implementation
[0034] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application to the following examples. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort without departing from the above-described methodological spirit of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0035] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application.
[0036] The singular forms “for,” “or,” “a,” “any,” and “the” used in this application are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0037] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0038] The following will describe in detail, with reference to different embodiments, a method for preparing a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus provided in this application.
[0039] Example 1
[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus is prepared by the following steps:
[0041] 1. Poplar wood chips with a particle size of 2 mm were placed in a 1% sodium hydroxide solution and soaked at 40°C for 2 hours. After soaking, they were rinsed with water until the effluent was neutral and dried at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain activated hardwood wood chips. Then, they were added to a mixed dispersion of selenomethionine and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, with a mass ratio of 1:8. Vacuum impregnation was then carried out at a vacuum degree of -0.06 MPa and an impregnation temperature of 25°C for 2 hours. After impregnation, the surface free water was drained to obtain selenium-modified hardwood wood chips.
[0042] 2. Add wheat bran to sodium selenite solution and stir at room temperature at a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 2 h. After stirring, filter and dry the filter residue at 90℃ for 4.5 h to obtain selenium-modified wheat bran. The mass ratio of wheat bran to sodium selenite solution is 1:6.5.
[0043] 3. Weigh out 37 parts selenium-modified hardwood sawdust, 18 parts selenium-modified wheat bran, 24 parts corn cob, 6 parts cottonseed hulls, 4 parts soybean meal, 3 parts corn flour, 5 parts sucrose, 2 parts light calcium carbonate, 0.7 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.3 parts vitamin B1 by mass ratio, add water and stir to mix to obtain a mixed matrix; the mass ratio of water to the total of other components is 55:45.
[0044] 4. Dispense the mixed substrate into cultivation containers and autoclave them at 121℃ and 0.12MPa for 100 minutes. After cooling, the substrate for producing selenium-controlled Hericium erinaceus is obtained.
[0045] Example 2
[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus is prepared by the following steps:
[0047] 1. Elm wood chips with a particle size of 3 mm were placed in a 1.5% sodium hydroxide solution and soaked at 45°C for 2.5 h. After removal, they were rinsed with water until the effluent was neutral and dried at 65°C for 7 h to obtain activated hardwood wood chips. Then, they were put into a mixed dispersion of selenocysteine and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, with a mass ratio of 1:8.5. Vacuum impregnation was then carried out at a vacuum degree of -0.07 MPa and an impregnation temperature of 28°C for 3 h. After impregnation, the surface free water was drained to obtain selenium-modified hardwood wood chips.
[0048] 2. Add wheat bran to sodium selenite solution and stir at room temperature at a speed of 100 r / min for 1 h. After stirring, filter and dry the filter residue at 80℃ for 3 h to obtain selenium-modified wheat bran. The mass ratio of wheat bran to sodium selenite solution is 1:5.
[0049] 3. Weigh out 35 parts selenium-modified hardwood sawdust, 25 parts selenium-modified wheat bran, 20 parts corn cob, 8 parts cottonseed hulls, 3 parts soybean meal, 3 parts corn flour, 4 parts sucrose, 1.4 parts light calcium carbonate, 0.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1 parts vitamin B1 by mass ratio, add water and stir to mix to obtain a mixed matrix; wherein the mass ratio of water to the total of other components is 50:50.
[0050] 4. Dispense the mixed substrate into cultivation containers and autoclave them at 122℃ and 0.11MPa for 90 minutes. After cooling, the substrate for producing selenium-controlled Hericium erinaceus is obtained.
[0051] Example 3
[0052] like Figure 2As shown, a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus is prepared by the following steps:
[0053] 1. Willow wood chips with a particle size of 5 mm were placed in a 2% sodium hydroxide solution and soaked at 50°C for 3 hours. After removal, they were rinsed with water until the effluent was neutral and dried at 70°C for 8 hours to obtain activated hardwood chips. Then, they were added to a mixed dispersion of L-seleno-methylselenocysteine and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The mass ratio of the activated hardwood chips to the mixed dispersion of L-seleno-methylselenocysteine and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was 1:9. Then, they were vacuum impregnated at a vacuum degree of -0.08 MPa and an impregnation temperature of 32°C for 4 hours. After impregnation, the surface free water was drained to obtain selenium-modified hardwood chips.
[0054] 2. Add wheat bran to sodium selenite solution and stir at room temperature at a stirring speed of 120 r / min for 1.5 h. After stirring, filter and dry the filter residue at 85℃ for 4 h to obtain selenium-modified wheat bran. The mass ratio of wheat bran to sodium selenite solution is 1:6.
[0055] 3. Weigh out 40 parts of selenium-modified hardwood sawdust, 15 parts of selenium-modified wheat bran, 24 parts of corn cob, 5 parts of cottonseed hulls, 6 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of corn flour, 6 parts of sucrose, 1 part of light calcium carbonate, 0.8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.2 parts of vitamin B1 according to the following mass ratio. Add water and stir to mix to obtain a mixed matrix; the mass ratio of water to the total of other components is 52:48.
[0056] 4. Dispense the mixed substrate into cultivation containers and autoclave them at 124℃ and 0.13MPa for 120 minutes. After cooling, the substrate for producing selenium-controlled Hericium erinaceus is obtained.
[0057] Example 4
[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus is prepared by the following steps:
[0059] 1. Poplar wood chips with a particle size of 6 mm were placed in a 2.5% sodium hydroxide solution and soaked at 55°C for 3.5 h. After being removed, they were rinsed with water until the effluent was neutral and dried at 75°C for 9 h to obtain activated hardwood wood chips. Then, they were added to a mixed dispersion of selenomethionine and 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The mass ratio of activated hardwood wood chips to the mixed dispersion of selenomethionine and 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane was 1:9.5. Then, they were vacuum impregnated at a vacuum degree of -0.09 MPa and an impregnation temperature of 36°C for 5 h. After impregnation, the surface free water was drained to obtain selenium-modified hardwood wood chips.
[0060] 2. Add wheat bran to sodium selenite solution and stir at room temperature at a stirring speed of 180 r / min for 2.5 h. After stirring, filter and dry the filter residue at 95℃ for 5 h to obtain selenium-modified wheat bran. The mass ratio of wheat bran to sodium selenite solution is 1:7.
[0061] 3. Weigh out 35 parts of selenium-modified hardwood sawdust, 15 parts of selenium-modified wheat bran, 30 parts of corn cob, 5 parts of cottonseed hulls, 3 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of corn flour, 8 parts of sucrose, 1.4 parts of light calcium carbonate, 0.5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1 parts of vitamin B1 according to the following mass ratios: add water and stir to mix to obtain a mixed matrix; wherein the mass ratio of water to the total of other components is 60:40.
[0062] 4. Dispense the mixed substrate into cultivation containers and autoclave them at 123℃ and 0.125MPa for 105 minutes. After cooling, the substrate for producing selenium-controlled Hericium erinaceus is obtained.
[0063] Example 5
[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus is prepared by the following steps:
[0065] 1. Elm wood chips with a particle size of 7 mm were placed in a 2.8% sodium hydroxide solution and soaked at 58°C for 3.8 h. After removal, they were rinsed with water until the effluent was neutral and dried at 78°C for 9.5 h to obtain activated hardwood wood chips. Then, they were put into a mixed dispersion of selenocysteine and 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyltriethoxysilane. The mass ratio of activated hardwood wood chips to the mixed dispersion of selenocysteine and 3-glycidyl etheroxypropyltriethoxysilane was 1:9.8. Then, they were vacuum impregnated at a vacuum degree of -0.095 MPa and an impregnation temperature of 38°C for 5.5 h. After impregnation, the surface free water was drained to obtain selenium-modified hardwood wood chips.
[0066] 2. Add wheat bran to sodium selenite solution and stir at room temperature at a speed of 200 r / min for 3 h. After stirring, filter and dry the filter residue at 100℃ for 6 h to obtain selenium-modified wheat bran. The mass ratio of wheat bran to sodium selenite solution is 1:8.
[0067] 3. Weigh out 35 parts of selenium-modified hardwood sawdust, 17 parts of selenium-modified wheat bran, 20 parts of corn cob, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 3 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of corn flour, 4.7 parts of sucrose, 5 parts of light calcium carbonate, 1.0 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.3 parts of vitamin B1 according to the following mass ratios: add water and stir to mix to obtain a mixed matrix; the mass ratio of water to the total of other components is 58:42.
[0068] 4. Dispense the mixed substrate into cultivation containers and autoclave them at 125℃ and 0.14MPa for 110 minutes. After cooling, the substrate for selenium-controlled production of Hericium erinaceus is obtained.
[0069] Example 6
[0070] like Figure 2 As shown, a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus is prepared by the following steps:
[0071] 1. Willow wood chips with a particle size of 8 mm were placed in a 3% sodium hydroxide solution and soaked at 60°C for 4 hours. After removal, they were rinsed with water until the effluent was neutral and dried at 80°C for 10 hours to obtain activated hardwood chips. Then, they were added to a mixed dispersion of L-seleno-methylselenocysteine and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane. The mass ratio of the activated hardwood chips to the mixed dispersion of L-seleno-methylselenocysteine and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane was 1:10. Then, they were vacuum impregnated at a vacuum degree of -0.1 MPa and an impregnation temperature of 40°C for 6 hours. After impregnation, the surface free water was drained to obtain selenium-modified hardwood chips.
[0072] 2. Add wheat bran to sodium selenite solution and stir at room temperature at a stirring speed of 160 r / min for 2.2 h. After stirring, filter and dry the filter residue at 92℃ for 4.8 h to obtain selenium-modified wheat bran. The mass ratio of wheat bran to sodium selenite solution is 1:7.2.
[0073] 3. Weigh out 45 parts of selenium-modified hardwood sawdust, 16 parts of selenium-modified wheat bran, 20 parts of corn cob, 5 parts of cottonseed hulls, 6 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of corn flour, 4 parts of sucrose, 1.2 parts of light calcium carbonate, 0.5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.3 parts of vitamin B1 according to the following mass ratios: add water and stir to mix to obtain a mixed matrix; the mass ratio of water to the total of other components is 53:47.
[0074] 4. Dispense the mixed substrate into cultivation containers and autoclave them at 126℃ and 0.135MPa for 95 minutes. After cooling, the substrate for producing selenium-controlled Hericium erinaceus is obtained.
[0075] Comparative Example 1
[0076] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus. The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that selenium-modified wheat bran was not used in this comparative example, but other process parameters and operating steps are exactly the same as in Example 3.
[0077] Comparative Example 2
[0078] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a substrate for the controlled production of Hericium erinaceus. The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that this comparative example does not use selenium-modified hardwood chips, while the other process parameters and operating steps are exactly the same as in Example 3.
[0079] Comparative Example 3
[0080] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus. The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that neither selenium-modified wheat bran nor selenium-modified hardwood chips are used in this comparative example. Other process parameters and operating steps are exactly the same as in Example 3.
[0081] Selenium-enriched Hericium erinaceus was cultivated using the substrates prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 for selenium-controlled production. Selenium content in a unit mass of dry sample was measured at different growth stages of the cultivated selenium-enriched Hericium erinaceus (including primordia formation, young mushroom development, and fruiting body maturation) to demonstrate the continuous selenium control effect of the substrate provided in this application.
[0082] The results of the above tests are shown in Table 1.
[0083] Table 1. Test results of Hericium erinaceus cultured using the substrates of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3.
[0084]
[0085] As shown in Table 1, the performance of the substrates for producing Hericium erinaceus with selenium control prepared in Examples 1 to 6 is significantly better than that of the substrates for producing Hericium erinaceus with selenium control prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
[0086] This is because the substrates for controlled-release production of Hericium erinaceus prepared in Examples 1-6 contain broadleaf sawdust with a rich porous structure after activation treatment. Vacuum impregnation allows organic selenium to be loaded onto its surface and within the pores. Simultaneously, the coupling agent hydrolyzes to generate silanol groups, which can condense with the hydroxyl groups on the activated broadleaf sawdust surface. The amino and epoxy functional groups at the other end of the coupling agent molecule then combine with the amino and carboxyl groups on the organic selenium, significantly improving the binding stability between the organic selenium and the broadleaf sawdust, resulting in selenium-modified broadleaf sawdust. As the broadleaf sawdust slowly degrades, the loaded organic selenium is gradually released, achieving a long-term, slow-release selenium supply. Wheat bran, with its loose structure and rich in protein and polysaccharides, absorbs sodium selenite after soaking, allowing the fixed inorganic selenium to be rapidly released during the initial rapid degradation of the wheat bran, supplying selenium-containing nutrients to the mycelium during its early growth stages. The synergistic effect of these two types of selenium-modified components achieves a controlled-release effect, with stable release of inorganic selenium in the early stages and continuous supply of organic selenium in the later stages of Hericium erinaceus cultivation.
[0087] Compared with Example 3, Comparative Example 1 did not use selenium-modified wheat bran, so it lacked rapidly released inorganic selenium in the early stage, and the selenium content in the primordial stage was significantly lower, while the selenium content gradually increased in the later stage as the sawdust degraded.
[0088] Compared with Example 3, Comparative Example 2 did not use selenium-modified hardwood chips. Therefore, the inorganic selenium adsorbed by wheat bran was released rapidly and in large quantities in the early stage, and the selenium content was relatively high in the primordial stage. In the later stage, there was no continuous selenium source and inorganic selenium was easily lost with moisture, resulting in a significant decrease in selenium content in the mature stage and poor selenium control effect.
[0089] Compared with Example 3, Comparative Example 3 did not use selenium-modified wheat bran or selenium-modified hardwood chips, so it only retained the base selenium content of the matrix and had no selenium enrichment effect.
[0090] The above results demonstrate and describe the basic principles and main features of this application, as well as its advantages.
[0091] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application. The scope of protection of this application is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of this application's concept are within the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of this application should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus, characterized in that, The matrix comprises selenium-modified hardwood sawdust, selenium-modified wheat bran, corn cob, cottonseed hull, soybean meal, corn flour, sucrose, light calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and vitamin B1. The mass ratio of the selenium-modified hardwood sawdust, selenium-modified wheat bran, corn cob, cottonseed hull, soybean meal, corn flour, sucrose, light calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and vitamin B1 is (35-45):(15-25):(20-30):(5-10):(3-6):(2-4):(4-8):(1-5):(0.5-1.0):(0.1-0.3). The selenium-modified hardwood sawdust is obtained by activating hardwood sawdust, then adding it to a mixed dispersion of organic selenium and a coupling agent, and vacuum impregnating and draining off the water. The selenium-modified wheat bran is obtained by stirring wheat bran in a sodium selenite solution, then filtering and drying it.
2. The substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the mixed dispersion of the organoselenium and the coupling agent, the mass concentration of the organoselenium is 4-10 mg / L, and the mass concentration of the coupling agent is 1-5 g / L; in the sodium selenite solution, the mass concentration of sodium selenite is 10-20 mg / L.
3. The substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organoselenium includes any one of selenomethionine, selenocysteine, and L-seleno-methylselenocysteine; the coupling agent includes an aminosilane coupling agent or an epoxysilane coupling agent.
4. The substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The broadleaf wood chips include any one or more of poplar wood chips, elm wood chips, and willow wood chips; the particle size of the broadleaf wood chips is 2-8 mm.
5. A method for preparing a substrate for selenium-controlled production of Hericium erinaceus, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Activated hardwood chips were obtained by activating them, and then they were immersed in a mixed dispersion of organic selenium and coupling agent for vacuum impregnation. After impregnation, the surface free water was drained to obtain selenium-modified hardwood chips. Wheat bran was added to a sodium selenite solution and stirred at room temperature. After stirring, the mixture was filtered, and the filter residue was dried to obtain selenium-modified wheat bran. Weigh out the following ingredients in proportion: selenium-modified hardwood sawdust, selenium-modified wheat bran, corn cob, cottonseed hull, soybean meal, corn flour, sucrose, light calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and vitamin B1. Add water and stir to mix to obtain a mixed matrix. The mixed substrate is dispensed into cultivation containers, subjected to high-pressure sterilization, and cooled to obtain the substrate for selenium-controlled production of Hericium erinaceus.
6. The method for preparing a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The activation treatment of the hardwood chips includes: placing the hardwood chips in a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 1% to 3%, soaking them at 40 to 60°C for 2 to 4 hours, rinsing them with water until the effluent is neutral, and drying them at 60 to 80°C for 6 to 10 hours; the mass ratio of the activated hardwood chips and the mixed dispersion of organic selenium and coupling agent is 1:(8 to 10).
7. The method for preparing a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vacuum impregnation process involves a vacuum degree of -0.06 to -0.1 MPa, an impregnation temperature of 25 to 40°C, and an impregnation time of 2 to 6 hours.
8. The method for preparing a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The stirring speed at room temperature is 100-200 r / min, and the stirring time is 1-3 h; the drying temperature is 80-100℃, and the drying time is 3-6 h; the mass ratio of wheat bran to sodium selenite solution is 1:(5-8).
9. The method for preparing a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the mixed matrix, the mass ratio of water to the total of other components is (50-60):(40-50).
10. The method for preparing a substrate for controlled selenium production of Hericium erinaceus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The autoclaving temperature is 121–126°C, the autoclaving pressure is 0.11–0.14 MPa, and the autoclaving time is 90–120 min.