Chifengmaomao valley double film pre-catalytic weeding ecological planting method based on 010 sustainable farming method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of ecological farming, and is suitable for seedling cultivation. A Chifeng Mao Mao Valley double-film pre-catalytic weed control ecological planting method based on 010 sustainable farming is disclosed. The method is suitable for cold and dry millet production areas. The method is as follows: taking the fixed seeding day as the reference, the soil is prepared for 35 days, then transparent mulch is laid to warm up and promote weed germination; after turning and pressing, it is placed for 7 days, then the soil is prepared after the decomposition heat dissipates and the available nitrogen is reset; after sowing, black mulch is covered to guide seedling emergence. The method uses transparent film pre-catalytic weed control + black film sowing weed control, combined with tender grass age turning and placing buffer, to solve the problem of traditional grass turning and burning seed and rotting bud, and the emergence rate is increased to 92%. The method takes into account the soil warming and moisture preservation and soil fertilization in cold areas, the soil temperature in the plough layer is increased by 4-7℃, and the soil organic matter is increased by 0.12%. The whole process is ecologically safe, and the method is suitable for large-scale promotion, and provides standardized support for green and efficient millet planting in cold areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological farming technology and is applicable to seed and seedling cultivation. Specifically, it relates to the ecological planting method of Chifeng Maomaogu with double-film pre-promoting weed control based on the O10 sustainable farming method. Background Technology

[0002] Bairin Left Banner in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, is a core production area of ​​high-quality millet in northern my country. The local native 'Mao Mao' millet variety, known for its soft, glutinous texture and rich nutrition, has become a regional specialty agricultural product and a core pillar industry for local agricultural income growth. However, the region has a mid-latitude semi-arid continental monsoon climate, and spring agricultural production faces three major bottlenecks: First, spring temperatures rise slowly, resulting in low topsoil temperatures and significant soil salinization, making millet emergence difficult and uneven. Second, weeds germinate early and proliferate rapidly in spring, with a long period of coexistence between millet seedlings and weeds, making weed control difficult and labor-intensive, thus limiting large-scale planting. Third, existing control technologies have significant shortcomings, failing to balance ecological safety, weed control effectiveness, stable emergence, and soil fertility, hindering seed and seedling cultivation and restricting the development of local bio-agriculture and related industries.

[0003] Existing weed control and cultivation techniques for local millet cultivation have the following unavoidable drawbacks: First, conventional chemical herbicide control techniques, which achieve weed control through pre-emergence application and post-emergence foliar spraying, while highly efficient in the short term, result in pesticide residues in the soil and on agricultural products, disrupting the soil microbial community structure and failing to meet the requirements for healthy food production. Furthermore, millet is highly sensitive to herbicides, easily causing phytotoxicity, leading to low germination rates, reduced yields, and lower quality. Second, ordinary double-film mulching techniques only focus on warming and moisture retention after sowing to address the difficulty of germination in cold regions, without prioritizing weed control. This fails to trigger concentrated weed germination in advance, resulting in concentrated weed outbreaks during the millet seedling stage, failing to address the root cause of weed problems and still requiring significant manual weeding costs. Third, traditional green manure turning and covering techniques lack precise control over grass age and design of safe intervals. When weeds are turned over, they are too old and have a high degree of lignofibrosis, resulting in slow decomposition after turning and failing to quickly replenish soil organic matter. At the same time, there is no settling period or the settling period is insufficient. The short-term high temperature generated by green manure fermentation can cause seed burn and bud rot. During the decomposition of green manure by microorganisms, they compete with crops for available nitrogen in the soil, leading to nitrogen deficiency in seedlings, uneven emergence, weak seedlings, and reduced yield. This has become a long-standing pain point that the industry has been unable to completely solve.

[0004] To date, there is no standardized technical system for the cultivation of *Momordica cochinchinensis* in the cold and dryland farming area of ​​Bairinzuo Banner, Chifeng, that integrates pre-treatment and weed control, soil warming and moisture retention, soil fertilization and ecological safety. Therefore, developing a herbicide-free ecological planting method adapted to the local climate and variety characteristics is of great practical significance for the sustainable development of the local *Momordica cochinchinensis* industry and for increasing farmers' income. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ecological planting method for Chifeng Maomaogu with double-film pre-promoting weed control based on the O10 sustainable farming method, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a double-film pre-emergence weed control ecological planting method for Chifeng Maomao Valley based on the 010 sustainable farming method, the planting method comprising the following steps: a: After determining the sowing date, start the pre-sowing pretreatment process approximately 35 days before sowing, complete land leveling and moisture retention, and then lay a transparent film tightly on the field surface, ensuring the film is firmly sealed around its edges; b: Observe the growth status of weeds in the field during the period of tight coverage with the transparent film, and remove the transparent film when the dominant weeds in the field reach the 3-5cm seedling stage. c: When covering the field with mulch, do not disturb the soil layer and leave the weeds in the field; d: After removing the mulch, lightly till and compact the tender grass in the field, with the tillage depth controlled at 8-12cm, breaking up the tender grass and mixing it into the topsoil; e: After the light tillage is completed, set a 7-day rest period, during which no sowing or tillage operations are carried out; f: After the rest period, finely prepare the land before the fixed sowing date, with the fine preparation depth controlled at 3-5cm; g: Sow millet on the fixed sowing date, cover the field with black mulch after sowing, and make holes at the corresponding positions of the sowing rows to guide the seedlings.

[0007] As a further step, the pre-sowing pretreatment process is started about 35 days before sowing. This refers to the overall pretreatment window formed from the start of the transparent mulch film-sealed grass induction to the fixed sowing date. The overall pretreatment window includes transparent mulch film-sealed grass induction, film removal and shallow rotary turning and pressing, 7-day settling, fine land preparation and the sowing process.

[0008] As a further step, in step a, after land preparation and moisture retention, the soil moisture content in the field is controlled at 60%–70%, and the transparent mulch film is made of polyethylene with a thickness of 0.008–0.012 mm, which is laid without damage or air leakage.

[0009] As a further step, in step b, the dominant weeds in the field include one or more of foxtail grass, barnyard grass, crabgrass, lambsquarters, amaranth, and knotweed, and the 3-5cm seedling stage refers to the growth stage of the weed plants before they have undergone lignofibrillation and are suitable for shallow rotary crushing and mixing into the topsoil.

[0010] As a further step, in step c, the grass-soil mixture formed after shallow rotary compaction is such that the tender grass is broken up and dispersed within the 0–12 cm tillage layer, and there are no continuous clumps of weeds remaining on the field surface.

[0011] As a further step, in step d, the 7-day settling period is used to separate the decomposition process of the tender grass after shallow turning and compaction from the sowing process. After the settling period, fine land preparation and sowing are carried out.

[0012] As a further step, in steps a to d, the pretreatment started about 35 days before sowing, the film was removed when the seedlings were 3-5cm tall, the film was shallowly turned and pressed down at 8-12cm, and the seedlings were left to stand for 7 days together to form a combination of pre-sowing weed control parameters; under abnormal conditions, when the weed height was less than 3cm, the film removal was delayed for 2-3 days; when the weed height was more than 5cm, the film was immediately removed and the seedlings were shallowly turned down, and the standing period was extended for 2-3 days.

[0013] As a further step, when the continuous low temperature affects the sealing and grass-growth of transparent mulch, the start time for laying transparent mulch should be advanced by 3-5 days; when the soil moisture is insufficient before laying the mulch, water should be added to the soil moisture content to 60%-70% before laying the transparent mulch.

[0014] As a further step, in step f, the black mulch film is made of polyethylene with a thickness of 0.010–0.015 mm, the row spacing is 30–35 cm, the plant spacing is 8–10 cm, the sowing depth is 2–3 cm, the sowing amount is 0.3–0.5 kg per mu, and the seedling density is 25,000–30,000 plants per mu.

[0015] As a further step, in step f, after the black mulch is laid, the surrounding area is compacted. The diameter of the opening is 3–4 cm, the opening position corresponds to the sowing row and is located above the seeds. After the opening is made, the area around the opening is compacted so that the rice seedlings emerge from the opening.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are: the ecological planting method for Chifeng Maomao Valley based on the O10 sustainable farming method using a double-film pre-treatment and herbicide system is applicable to bio-agriculture and related industries, and can achieve better cultivation results in seed and seedling cultivation, as detailed below: 1. It helps reduce the weed population during the millet seedling stage. The pre-sowing pretreatment process is started about 35 days before sowing. First, the surface and topsoil temperatures are increased by covering the millet seedlings with transparent plastic film, which promotes the concentrated germination of some dormant weed seeds before sowing. After the dominant weeds in the field reach the 3-5cm seedling stage, the film is removed and shallow rotary tillage is carried out to break up the weeds that have germinated before sowing and mix them into the topsoil. Compared with passive weeding after sowing, this treatment can reduce the weed population in the field before sowing and reduce the pressure on millet seedlings from competing with weeds for water, fertilizer and light. 2. It helps to reduce the adverse effects of weed cultivation on seedling emergence by controlling the weed age to the 3-5cm seedling stage and the shallow turning depth to 8-12cm. This allows the tender grass to be broken up and mixed into the topsoil before it becomes obviously lignified. Tender grass decomposes more easily than older grass, resulting in relatively lower heat generation and short-term nitrogen consumption after cultivation. At the same time, this invention sets a 7-day resting period after shallow turning, which staggers the initial decomposition process of tender grass with the sowing process, thus reducing the risks of seed burning, rotten buds, weak seedlings, and uneven emergence. 3. It helps maintain soil temperature and moisture during the spring sowing period in cold regions. Transparent plastic film is used for pre-sowing sealing to promote grass growth and increase temperature. Shallow rotary tillage is not performed during deep tillage. Black plastic film is used to cover the soil after sowing. This process can reduce moisture loss and temperature drop caused by deep tillage, which helps maintain the temperature of the tillage layer and soil moisture. It provides a more stable seedbed environment for millet seedling emergence. Under the conditions of the example, the soil temperature at 10cm of the tillage layer is higher than that in open field or conventional treatment, and the emergence rate and uniformity of millet seedlings are improved accordingly. 4. It is conducive to forming a continuous weed control process of pre-sowing weed control and post-sowing weed suppression. Transparent mulch is mainly used for pre-sowing warming and weed induction and concentrated weed control, while black mulch is mainly used for post-sowing shading and weed suppression and moisture retention and warming. The two are connected in sequence. Compared with the treatment method of using transparent film or black film alone, this invention can take into account reducing the base number of weeds before sowing and suppressing weed rebound after sowing, which is conducive to improving the stability of weed control throughout the seedling stage and early growth stage. 5. It helps reduce dependence on chemical herbicides. The physical weed control process is formed by pre-inducing weeds with transparent film, shallow rotary rolling and pressing at the appropriate age, 7-day static setting and black film weed suppression. The weed control process does not rely on chemical herbicides. This method can reduce the input of chemical herbicides, reduce the risk of herbicide damage to millet and herbicide residues in agricultural products, and reduce the number of manual weedings in the later stage. It is suitable for ecological planting of millet in cold and dryland areas. 6. It is beneficial to balance weed control, seedling protection and soil improvement. The tender grass that germinates before sowing is turned into the field as organic matter, which increases the source of organic matter in the topsoil while controlling weeds. Shallow turning at 8-12cm avoids excessive disturbance to the topsoil structure. The 7-day settling is conducive to the restoration of the soil environment after turning. Therefore, this invention can balance seedling safety and soil fertility while controlling weeds. It is suitable for promotion and application in Chifeng Bairin Left Banner and similar cold dryland millet planting areas.

[0017] 7. This planting method is not limited to millet crops such as Chifeng's specialty Mao Mao millet, but can also be used for other varieties, planting methods, or crops with similar or identical growth habits. It can achieve the above effects by reducing the base number of weeds during the millet seedling stage, reducing the adverse effects of weed cover on seedling emergence, maintaining soil temperature and moisture during the spring sowing period in cold regions, forming a continuous weed control process of pre-sowing weed eradication and post-sowing weed suppression, and taking into account one or more of the following: weed control, seedling protection, and soil nourishment. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] This invention provides the following technical solution: The planting method includes the following steps: A: After determining the sowing date, May 1st is generally the fixed sowing date. The pre-sowing pretreatment process is started about 35 days before sowing. After completing land leveling and moisture retention, transparent mulch is laid tightly on the field surface and the edges of the mulch are pressed down and sealed. The pre-sowing pretreatment process started about 35 days before sowing refers to the overall pretreatment window formed from the start of the transparent mulch sealing and grass initiation to the fixed sowing date. The overall pretreatment window includes transparent mulch sealing and grass initiation, shallow turning and pressing after removing the mulch, 7 days of settling, fine land preparation, and the sowing process. It should be noted that after land preparation and moisture retention, the soil moisture holding capacity in the field should be controlled at 60%-70%. The transparent mulch should be made of polyethylene with a thickness of 0.008-0.012mm, and there should be no damage or air leakage after laying.

[0020] b: Observe the growth status of weeds in the field during the period of closed coverage with transparent mulch. When the dominant weeds in the field grow to the seedling stage of 3-5cm, remove the transparent mulch. When removing the mulch, do not disturb the soil layer in the field and leave the weed plants in the field. The dominant weeds in the field include one or more of foxtail grass, barnyard grass, crabgrass, lambsquarters, amaranth, and knotweed. The 3-5cm seedling stage refers to the growth stage of weed plants that have not yet undergone lignofibrillation and are suitable for shallow rotary crushing and mixing into the topsoil.

[0021] c: After removing the film, lightly till and compact the tender grass in the field. The tillage depth is controlled at 8-12cm. The tender grass is broken up and mixed into the topsoil. The grass-soil mixture formed after light tillage is as follows: the tender grass is broken up and dispersed in the 0-12cm topsoil layer, and there are no continuous clumps of weeds remaining on the field surface.

[0022] d: After shallow rotary tillage, a 7-day resting period is set. No sowing or tillage is carried out during the resting period. The 7-day resting period is used to allow the decomposition process of the tender grass after shallow rotary tillage to be separated from the sowing process. After the resting period, fine land preparation and sowing are carried out. In steps a to d, the pretreatment started about 35 days before sowing, the film removal at the 3-5cm seedling stage, the shallow rotary tillage at 8-12cm, and the 7-day resting period together constitute the pre-sowing weed control parameter combination. Under abnormal conditions, when the grass height is less than 3cm, the film removal is delayed by 2-3 days. When the grass height exceeds 5cm, the film is immediately removed and shallow rotary tillage is carried out, and the resting period is extended by 2-3 days. When the continuous low temperature affects the sealing of the transparent film to promote weed growth, the start time of laying the transparent film is advanced by 3-5 days. When the soil moisture in the field is insufficient before laying the film, water is added to 60%-70% of the soil moisture holding capacity before laying the transparent film.

[0023] The reason why traditional pressing cannot replace this case is as follows: Traditional weeding is equivalent to turning over and pressing weeds before sowing, followed by immediate sowing. This method, which lacks pre-induction for concentrated germination, control over weed age, shallow rotation control, and safe resting, can lead to the frequent occurrence of the following problems. 1. Uncontrollable grass age and high risk of lignification: Traditionally, the height of the grass is usually 10-15cm, which is severely lignified, decomposes slowly, generates a lot of heat, and has a long nitrogen-depleting effect. This project strictly controls the grass to 3-5cm, which is free from fiber, easy to decompose, and does not burn the seeds.

[0024] 2. No resting period, high risk of seed burning and bud rot: Traditionally, seeds are sown immediately after turning over and compaction. The high temperature of green manure fermentation directly burns the young buds, resulting in a germination rate of only 61%, which is 31 percentage points lower than that in this case.

[0025] 3. Excessive plowing depth leads to moisture loss and temperature drop: Traditional plowing depth is over 15cm, which damages the topsoil, causes severe moisture loss, and lowers soil temperature. This project uses shallow plowing at 8-12cm, which conserves moisture, maintains soil temperature, and does not damage roots.

[0026] 4. Weeds germinate in a scattered manner and rebound strongly in the later stage: Traditional plowing only smothers the weeds that have already emerged, leaving a large number of dormant weeds without germination, which leads to a rapid rebound in the later stage. This case uses transparent film to force concentrated weeding, which can reduce the amount of weeds in the field by 70%–90% under the conditions of the example.

[0027] e: After the resting period, the land should be finely prepared before the fixed sowing date, with the fine preparation depth controlled at 3-5cm; f: Sow millet on a fixed sowing day. After sowing, cover the field with black plastic film and make holes in the corresponding positions of the sowing rows to guide the seedlings. The black plastic film should be 0.010–0.015 mm thick polyethylene black plastic film. The row spacing should be 30–35 cm, the plant spacing should be 8–10 cm, the sowing depth should be 2–3 cm, the sowing rate should be 0.3–0.5 kg per mu, and the seedling density should be 25,000–30,000 plants per mu. After laying the black plastic film, press it down around the edges. The diameter of the holes should be 3–4 cm. The holes should be positioned in the corresponding positions of the sowing rows and above the seeds. After making the holes, press down around the holes so that the millet seedlings can emerge from the holes.

[0028] The reason why ordinary double membranes cannot replace those used in this case is as follows: Ordinary double-layer film covering is equivalent to short-term pre-sowing mulching to increase temperature followed by post-sowing black film covering, resulting in a complete lack of weed control mechanism (ordinary double-layer film covering does not pre-awaken weed seeds, it can only passively block light and cannot reduce the weed population at the source; after millet sowing, weeds in the soil still germinate in batches, inevitably leading to large-scale weed outbreaks during the seedling stage; as a result, the weed control rate is only 36%, requiring manual weeding more than twice, which is costly). If it is a single transparent film, it only has the effect of promoting weed growth and increasing temperature, without the ability to suppress weeds; after the film is removed and turned over, the remaining weed seeds will quickly germinate again, causing secondary weed damage; there is no light-blocking and weed-suppressing effect. In the millet seedling stage, weeds still proliferate; without moisture retention and continuous temperature increase, seedlings grow weakly after emergence; if black film is used alone, it only has the function of suppressing weeds and retaining moisture after sowing, without the function of pre-emergence weed control; before sowing, weeds have already emerged in large numbers, and the black film cannot cover them, with weeds taller than the seedlings; without pre-emergence concentrated weed control, weeds continue to grow under the film, pushing against the film, breaking the film, consuming fertilizer and water; without tender grass turning over to nourish the soil, soil fertility will not be improved. A combination of transparent film and black film is necessary for this to work. The transparent film is responsible for: pre-emergence weed control, concentrated weed control, and early temperature accumulation; the black film is responsible for: later weed suppression, full-process moisture retention, and continuous temperature increase.

[0029] Insufficient soil temperature increase: Ordinary double-film mulching time is short and the accumulated temperature is insufficient, with the soil temperature in the cultivated layer only increasing by 3.2℃. In this case, the two-stage double film mulching plus the long-term accumulated temperature before mulching increases the soil temperature by 4-7℃, resulting in a seedling emergence rate that is more than 12% higher.

[0030] Without returning green manure to the field, the soil is not nourished. Ordinary double-layer film mulching does not involve turning in tender grass, so it cannot increase organic matter and the soil fertility continues to decline. In this case, returning tender grass as green manure to the field increased organic matter by 0.12%, combining land use with soil nourishment.

[0031] Uneven germination cannot be solved by ordinary double-layer film without static buffering. When encountering self-growing grass, it will still burn the seeds and steal nitrogen. In this case, the problem of seed burning and rotten sprouts was largely solved by 7 days of forced static placement, and the seedling uniformity rate was significantly improved.

[0032] Example 1: Small-scale trial planting on 1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) in Bairinzuo Banner, Chifeng City Experimental site: Experimental field in Lindong Town, Balinzuo Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, covering an area of ​​1 mu. The soil type is chestnut calcareous soil, the previous crop was soybean, the soil organic matter content is 1.28%, and the pH value is 8.1, which meets the conditions for dryland millet planting.

[0033] Major weed species and their proportions (Bairinzuo Banner, Chifeng): Grasses (approx. 65%): foxtail, barnyard grass, crabgrass; Broadleaf weeds (approx. 30%): lambsquarters, amaranth, knotweed, cocklebur; Perennial / biennial (approx. 5%): bindweed, shepherd's purse, sow thistle. Impact of previous crop on the plan: Preferred preceding crops: soybeans, mung beans, corn (low weed population and good soil fertility); Common preceding crops: potatoes, sugar beets (pay attention to stubble, shallow rotation without turning over and burying); Contraindications: Long-term continuous cropping of millet, or fields with extremely high weed populations (the weeding period needs to be extended by 2-3 days). Common requirements: Clean up the field and shallow harrow to break up the clods after the previous crop is harvested; Variety selection: The native Mao Mao Gu variety from Bairinzuo Banner, Chifeng, has a seed germination rate of ≥95%, is uncoated and pesticide-free, and meets the requirements of 010 sustainable farming.

[0034] Standardized operation throughout the entire process: (1) On March 26, the plot was shallowly harrowed and leveled to a depth of 6cm to ensure that the field surface was flat and the soil was finely broken, and the soil moisture content in the field was controlled at 65%. A 0.01mm thick transparent polyethylene film was laid in the whole field, and the film was sealed with soil around it, without any damage or air leakage.

[0035] (2) On April 11, the weeds in the field were uniformly germinated to the seedling stage of 3-5cm in height, without lignofibrillation. The film was removed from the whole field without disturbing the soil layer. The weeds were completely preserved in the field.

[0036] (3) On April 12, a small rotary tiller was used for shallow rotary tillage, with a tillage depth of 10cm. The tender grass was completely broken up and evenly mixed into the topsoil, leaving no clumps of weeds.

[0037] (4) From April 12 to April 19, a mandatory 7-day 010 safety rest period is set, during which no tillage or irrigation operations are carried out, and the field is kept in its original state.

[0038] (5) On April 25, light harrowing and fine tillage were carried out, with a harrowing depth of 4cm, to level the field surface, maintain the integrity of the tillage layer structure, and stabilize soil moisture and ground temperature.

[0039] (6) On May 1, millet precision seeders were used to complete the sowing, with a row spacing of 33cm, a plant spacing of 9cm, a sowing depth of 2.5cm, a sowing amount of 0.4kg per mu, and a seedling density of 28,000 per mu. Immediately after sowing, the entire field was covered with a 0.012mm thick black polyethylene film, and the edges of the film were compacted with soil. Holes were made at the locations of the film corresponding to the sowing rows to guide the seedlings out, ensuring that the millet seedlings emerged normally.

[0040] The selection criteria for the number of days and depth in this embodiment are as follows: Approximately 35 days (transparent film laying cycle) (refer to Table 1): Counting back 35 days from May 1st as the fixed sowing date (March 26th), this is in line with the spring temperature rise pattern in the cold and dryland farming area of ​​Bairin Left Banner, Chifeng: the local soil thaws in late March, and the accumulated temperature from the sealed transparent film can awaken weed seeds to germinate in a concentrated manner, avoiding batch emergence; 35 days is just enough to meet the growth cycle of weeds from dormancy to 3-5cm seedlings, neither too early nor too late, ensuring thorough weeding.

[0041] Table 1: Matching degree of sowing period with different pre-induction durations 3-5cm (weed control height) (refer to Table 2): Weeds at this height are in the seedling stage and have not yet become woody and fibrous. They are easy to decompose after being turned over and fermentation is mild, without causing high-temperature seed burning. Weeds above 5cm are prone to woodiness, decompose slowly, and have a long nitrogen-extraction cycle. Weeds below 3cm have insufficient quantity and poor green manure effect.

[0042] Table 2: Comparison of seed burning rate and lignification degree at different weed control heights 8-12cm (shallow turning depth) (refer to Table 3): This depth is the main root distribution layer of millet. It avoids deep turning and damage to the soil structure, thus preventing moisture loss and lowering soil temperature. It also allows the tender grass to be completely mixed into the soil layer, resulting in a uniform mixture of grass and soil with no clumps or residue, maximizing the efficiency of green manure return to the field.

[0043] Table 3: Effects of soil-planting mixture on seedling emergence at different shallow swirling depths 7 days (010 safe resting period) (refer to Table 4): The first 7 days after the tender grass is turned over are the peak fermentation period, which will generate heat in a short period of time and compete with crops for available nitrogen; resting for 7 days can allow the fermentation heat to dissipate completely, the soil nitrogen to be restored, and reduce the risk of seed burning, rotten buds, and uneven emergence.

[0044] Table 4: Emergence uniformity and available nitrogen recovery rate under different periods of stillness Explanation of the synergistic mechanism: 1. The impact of the transparent film stage on weed germination and soil temperature: The transparent film stage is the first step in pre-weed control and warming in cold regions, laying the foundation for the entire process; its effect on soil temperature: the sealed film creates a greenhouse effect, raising the soil temperature in the top 10cm layer by 4-7℃, quickly breaking through the low temperature bottleneck in Chifeng in spring, and providing heat for weed germination and soil microbial activation; its effect on weed germination: the continuous accumulated temperature awakens dormant weed seeds in the soil, forcing weeds to germinate in a concentrated, synchronous, and uniform manner before millet sowing, avoiding batch emergence and repeated weeding later; synergistic effect: increased soil temperature → concentrated weed germination → one-time eradication, reducing the base number of weeds from the source.

[0045] 2. Differences in the breakdown of young grass turning over compared to old grass turning over: Turning over young grass is the key to this method of not burning seeds or depleting nitrogen, and it is fundamentally different from turning over old grass.

[0046] Tender grass (3–5cm): Tissue state: no lignofibrosis, thin cell walls, high moisture content, and easily broken; Decomposition speed: decomposes rapidly after being placed in the soil, and the initial fermentation is basically completed within 7 days; Heat generation intensity: mild heat generation, without producing sustained high temperature; Nitrogen competition: short-term and slight, quickly released and returned to the soil; Results: green manure returned to the field, nourishes the soil, does not burn seeds, and does not lack nitrogen.

[0047] Old grass (>5cm, especially 10-15cm): Tissue state: severely lignified, with coarse and hard fibers that are difficult to decompose; Decomposition rate: slow decomposition, lasting for dozens of days; Heat generation intensity: high-temperature fermentation, which can easily cause seed burning and bud rot; Nitrogen competition: long-term and intense, with strong competition for readily available nitrogen with millet seedlings; Result: uneven emergence, weak seedlings, and reduced yield, which is a long-term pain point in the industry.

[0048] 3. The buffering effect of the static period on fever and nitrogen deficiency: The 7-day static period is the core barrier to protect seedlings, playing a triple role of buffering, resetting and stabilizing.

[0049] Buffering fermentation heat: The first 3-5 days after turning over the tender grass is the peak of heat generation. During the resting period, allow the heat to dissipate naturally to avoid high temperature scorching the seeds.

[0050] Buffering nitrogen competition: Microbial decomposition of green manure initially consumes available nitrogen, but the nitrogen is released again after 7 days, and the soil nitrogen returns to its initial level.

[0051] Soil microecological restoration: fermentation ends, microbial community stabilizes, soil temperature stabilizes, and soil moisture recovers, providing a better seedbed environment for sowing.

[0052] The final collaborative result was a significant reduction in four major problems: seed burn, bud rot, nitrogen deficiency, and uneven seedling emergence.

[0053] 4. The inhibitory effect of the black film stage on subsequent weed rebound: The black film is the last link to suppress weeds, retain moisture and increase temperature, forming two closed loops with the previous transparent film.

[0054] Physical weed suppression: By shading, weeds are inhibited from continuing to grow. Weeds have extremely low photosynthetic efficiency and the time interval between germination and death is very short.

[0055] Blocking seedling emergence: Inhibits the regrowth of weed seeds in the soil surface, resulting in fewer weeds and no outbreaks throughout the entire growth period.

[0056] Moisture retention and soil warming: Continuously increase soil temperature, promote early and vigorous growth of millet seedlings, enhance millet competitiveness, and further suppress weeds.

[0057] This method employs a four-stage technical chain: centralized weed induction using transparent film → controlled turning and compaction of tender grass → 7-day safe resting → full weed suppression using black film. This chain forms a synergistic system involving temperature, weeds, soil, and crops. First, transparent film is used to raise the temperature and induce weed growth. Then, tender grass is safely returned to the field. After a resting period for buffering and repair, black film is used to lock in the temperature and suppress weeds. This method helps reduce the use of herbicides and simultaneously addresses weed control, seedling emergence, and soil fertility, effectively solving industry challenges in millet cultivation in cold regions.

[0058] As shown below: This embodiment discloses the following comparative measured data records. First, the experimental conditions are as follows: Formula: Control rate (%) = (Weed amount in control field - Weed amount in treatment field) / Weed amount in control field × 100%; Count the number of weeds and their fresh weight, and take the average value; Use a soil thermometer to monitor the 10cm topsoil layer at fixed points; Measure once each at 8:00, 14:00 and 18:00 every day, and take the daily average value. Continuous monitoring was conducted until 15 days after seedling emergence, comparing open field / ordinary double-film cultivation.

[0059] Emergence rate: 10-15 days after sowing, randomly select 5 1m row length sections in the field; Formula: Emergence rate (%) = actual number of seedlings / theoretical number of seeds sown × 100%.

[0060] Referring to Table 5, the ambient temperature rose slightly in the first 3 days of the settling period (fermentation heat), and then fell back and stabilized after 7 days; the available nitrogen first decreased and then increased, and basically returned to the initial level after 7 days, so there was no competition for nitrogen at the time of sowing.

[0061] Table 5: Changes in soil temperature / nitrogen from tillage to sowing Referring to Table 6, the double-film pre-treatment weed control in this case is more efficient, and the soil temperature recovery, seedling emergence rate, and yield per acre are also higher than those of the traditional method.

[0062] Table 6: Original records of comparative tests between ordinary double-membrane, conventional rollover, and this case The data measurement methods in Table 6 are as follows: The formula for calculating the weed control rate is: Weed control rate (%) = (Total number of weeds in the control area - Total number of weeds in the treatment area) / Total number of weeds in the control area × 100%, or the fresh weight method: Control rate (%) = (Total fresh weight of weeds in the control area - Total fresh weight of weeds in the treatment area) / Total fresh weight of weeds in the control area × 100%.

[0063] Measurement period: once at 30 days and once at 60 days after sowing.

[0064] Sampling method: Three 1-square-meter quadrats were randomly selected from each community for fixed-point survey.

[0065] Soil temperature measurement depth, time period, and frequency: Depth: 10cm cultivated layer (main root development layer for millet); Time period: 8:00, 14:00, and 18:00 daily; Frequency: continuous measurement from the date of mulching to 15 days after emergence; Records: daily average soil temperature and maximum / minimum soil temperature.

[0066] Emergence rate statistics method: Statistical time: 10-15 days after sowing, after seedling emergence; Sampling: 5 1m row length samples per plot; Formula: Emergence rate (%) = Actual number of seedlings / Theoretical number of seeds sown × 100%; Simultaneous survey: seedling uniformity rate, missing seedling rate.

[0067] Yield statistics method: actual harvest from each plot, individual harvesting and drying, and weighing; conversion: the yield per mu was converted from air-dried to 13% moisture content, with 3 replicates and the average value was taken.

[0068] Example 2: Implementation of large-scale planting on 50 mu (approximately 3.3 hectares) in Bairinzuo Banner, Chifeng City Planting location: Shisanaobao Town, Balinzuo Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. The planting area is 50 mu. The soil type is chestnut calcareous soil. The previous crop was potato. The soil fertility is uniform and the irrigation and drainage are convenient, which meets the conditions for large-scale millet planting.

[0069] Variety selection: The native Mao Mao Gu variety from Bairinzuo Banner, Chifeng, has a seed germination rate of ≥95% and meets the requirements of the 010 sustainable farming method.

[0070] Standardized operation throughout the entire process: (1) On March 26, the mechanized leveling and harrowing of the plot was completed, with a harrowing depth of 8cm and the soil moisture content in the field controlled at 60%-70%; a large mulching machine was used to lay a 0.012mm thick transparent polyethylene mulch film in the whole field, and the mulch film was compacted and sealed tightly around the edges, without any damage or air leakage. (2) On April 11, the weeds in the field grew to the tender seedling stage of 3-5cm, and the film was removed from the whole field by mechanization; (3) On April 12, a large rotary tiller was used for shallow rotary tillage, with a tillage depth of 12cm, to break up the tender grass and mix it evenly into the soil layer, so that the grass and soil were evenly mixed. (4) From April 12 to April 19, the area will be forced to remain still for 7 days, during which no work will be carried out; (5) On April 25, mechanized light harrowing was carried out to a depth of 5cm to level the field surface in preparation for mechanized sowing; (6) On May 1, a precision millet seeding and mulching machine was used to complete the simultaneous operation of sowing and black film covering. The row spacing was 35cm, the plant spacing was 10cm, the sowing depth was 3cm, the sowing amount was 0.5kg per mu, and the seedlings were maintained at 30,000 per mu. The black film was made of polyethylene with a thickness of 0.015mm. After laying, the surrounding area was compacted, and holes were opened in the sowing rows at the same time.

[0071] Treatment when weeds do not meet the standard or are too tall: Light rain: After the rain, lightly rotate the soil after the topsoil has been moistened for 1 day; Heavy rain / waterlogging: Drain the soil first and lightly rotate the soil within 2-3 days; Risk of exceeding the time limit: The weed age is likely to exceed the standard, so add 2 days to the settling period after rotation.

[0072] If rain or low temperature occurs during the resting period: If it rains: do not enter the field or carry out any work, and extend the resting period by 2-3 days; If it is low temperature: keep the field as it is, do not disturb it, and extend the resting period until the soil temperature is stable at ≥10℃ before preparing the land and sowing.

[0073] Black film opening parameters and seedling introduction method: Opening diameter: 3-4cm; Opening position: directly opposite the sowing row and directly above the seeds; Opening timing: open the holes simultaneously with sowing; or open the holes all at once when 50% of the seedlings have emerged; Seedling introduction requirements: compact the area around the holes to prevent air leakage, pressure on the seedlings, and scorching.

[0074] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A double-film pre-treatment and weed control ecological planting method for Chifeng Maomao Valley based on the O10 sustainable farming method, characterized by: The planting method includes the following steps: a: After determining the sowing date, start the pre-sowing pretreatment process about 35 days before sowing. After completing land leveling and moisture retention, lay transparent mulch film on the field surface and press the transparent mulch film tightly around the edges. b: Observe the growth status of weeds in the field during the period of closed coverage with transparent mulch. When the dominant weeds in the field grow to the seedling stage of 3-5cm, remove the transparent mulch. Do not disturb the soil layer in the field when removing the mulch and leave the weed plants in the field. c: After removing the film, lightly till and compact the tender grass in the field, controlling the tillage depth to 8–12 cm, breaking up the tender grass and mixing it into the topsoil. d: After shallow rotary tillage, a 7-day resting period is set, during which no sowing or tillage operations are carried out; e: After the resting period, the land should be finely prepared before the fixed sowing date, with the fine preparation depth controlled at 3-5cm; f: Sow millet on a fixed sowing day, cover the field with black plastic film after sowing, and make holes at the corresponding positions of the sowing rows to guide the seedlings.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-sowing pretreatment process is started about 35 days before sowing. This refers to the overall pretreatment window formed from the start of the transparent mulch film-sealed grass induction to the fixed sowing date. The overall pretreatment window includes transparent mulch film-sealed grass induction, film removal and shallow turning and pressing, 7 days of settling, fine land preparation and the sowing process.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step a, after land preparation and moisture retention, the soil moisture content in the field is controlled at 60%–70%, and a polyethylene transparent mulch film with a thickness of 0.008–0.012 mm is selected, which is laid without damage or air leakage.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b, the dominant weeds in the field include one or more of foxtail grass, barnyard grass, crabgrass, lambsquarters, amaranth, and knotweed. The 3-5cm seedling stage refers to the growth stage of the weed plants before they have undergone lignofibrosis and are suitable for shallow rotary crushing and mixing into the topsoil.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step c, the soil-grass mixture formed after shallow rotary compaction is as follows: the tender grass is broken up and dispersed within the 0–12 cm tillage layer, and there are no continuous clumps of weeds remaining on the field surface.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step d, the 7-day settling period is used to separate the decomposition process of the tender grass after shallow turning and compaction from the sowing process. After the settling period, fine land preparation and sowing are carried out.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps a to d, the pretreatment started about 35 days before sowing, the film was removed when the seedlings were 3-5cm tall, the shallow turning and pressing was done at 8-12cm, and the 7-day static period together constitute the pre-sowing weed control parameter combination.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When prolonged low temperatures affect the sealing and grass-growth of transparent mulch, the start time for laying transparent mulch should be advanced by 3–5 days; if the soil moisture is insufficient before laying the mulch, water should be added to 60%–70% of the soil moisture content before laying the transparent mulch.

9. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step f, the black mulch film is made of polyethylene with a thickness of 0.010–0.015 mm. The row spacing is 30–35 cm, the plant spacing is 8–10 cm, the sowing depth is 2–3 cm, the sowing amount is 0.3–0.5 kg per mu, and the seedling density is 25,000–30,000 plants per mu.

10. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step f, after the black plastic film is laid, it is compacted around the edges. The diameter of the opening is 3-4 cm. The opening position corresponds to the sowing row and is located above the seeds. After the opening is made, the area around the opening is compacted so that the rice seedlings can emerge from the opening.

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