Use of a seed priming agent to improve the ammonium tolerance and / or resistance to ammonium stress of chinese cabbage

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to application of a seed priming agent in improving the ammonium tolerance and / or ammonium stress resistance of Chinese cabbage. The application determines, through experiments, that 0.25% nano-silicon suspension is the optimal priming concentration. Under the optimal priming concentration, the ammonium stress on the growth of Chinese cabbage seeds and Chinese cabbage seedlings can be significantly alleviated, and the seed germination-related indexes, the seedling growth-related indexes, the photosynthesis-related indexes and the activity of nitrogen assimilation enzymes of Chinese cabbage can be obviously improved. The seed priming agent has an immeasurable role in guaranteeing the safety of agricultural production and a broad application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically relating to the application of a seed initiator in improving the ammonium tolerance and / or resistance to ammonium stress in Chinese cabbage. Background Technology

[0002] Nitrogen, as a basic nutrient element, plays a crucial role in plant life activities. Plants absorb nitrogen primarily in the form of nitrate nitrogen (NO3). - ) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4) + There are two forms of nitrogen. Plants cannot directly assimilate and absorb nitrate nitrogen; they need to convert it into ammonium nitrogen within their bodies before it can be absorbed and utilized. However, this conversion process is extremely energy-intensive. When there is a large amount of nitrate nitrogen in the plant's external environment, it can easily cause water pollution, such as eutrophication. Paradoxically, when ammonium nitrogen is used as the sole nitrogen source, excessive ammonium nitrogen can inhibit plant growth, and in severe cases, it can cause ammonium toxicity, typically characterized by yellowing or even necrosis of leaves, poor root development, and damage to photosynthesis.

[0003] Chinese cabbage( Brassica campestris L . ssp. pekinensis Chinese cabbage is an important vegetable known for its crisp texture, rich nutrition, and abundance of antioxidants and plant bioactive components. However, studies have shown that most varieties and subspecies of Chinese cabbage are extremely sensitive to ammonium nitrogen. Therefore, improper application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer can severely restrict the growth and development of Chinese cabbage. Seed priming agents are agricultural preparations that enhance stress resistance and promote seedling growth, helping to reduce fertilizer use and increase crop yield.

[0004] Currently, there is a lack of applications of seed initiators in this field to improve the ammonium tolerance and / or resistance to ammonium stress in Chinese cabbage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Current research on ammonium tolerance focuses on elucidating the mechanism of ammonium toxicity in Chinese cabbage and how to improve its ammonium tolerance during the seedling and vegetative growth stages, but lacks application of seed initiators in improving the ammonium tolerance of Chinese cabbage seeds and seedlings.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides an application of a seed initiator in improving the ammonium tolerance and / or resistance to ammonium stress in Chinese cabbage.

[0007] In one aspect, the present invention provides an application of a seed initiator, said application comprising at least one of the following: (1) Promoting the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds under ammonium stress; (2) Promoting the growth of Chinese cabbage seedlings under ammonium stress; (3) Promote photosynthesis in Chinese cabbage seedlings under ammonium stress; (4) Increase the activity of nitrogen assimilation enzymes in Chinese cabbage seedlings under ammonium stress.

[0008] In some embodiments, the seed initiator comprises a nano-silica suspension with a mass fraction of 0.25% to 0.5%.

[0009] In some preferred embodiments, the seed initiator comprises a nano-silica suspension with a mass fraction of 0.25%.

[0010] In some embodiments, the nano-silicon is nano-SiO2.

[0011] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the nano-silicon is 14.7 nm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the preparation method of the nano-silicon suspension is as follows: Adding an appropriate amount of water to the nano-silica sol yields a nano-silica suspension.

[0013] In some embodiments, the pH of the nano-silica sol is neutral.

[0014] In some embodiments, the seed initiator further includes one or more of the following: wetting agent, film-forming agent, thickener, antifreeze agent, defoamer, preservative, pH adjuster, adhesive, and water absorbent.

[0015] In some embodiments, the promotion of cabbage seed germination satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (a) Improve the germination rate of Chinese cabbage seeds; (b) Improve the germination potential of cabbage seeds; (c) Increase the total germination index of cabbage seeds; (d) Improve the vigor index of cabbage seeds.

[0016] In some implementations, promoting the growth of Chinese cabbage seedlings requires meeting one or more of the following conditions: (A) Increase the fresh weight of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (B) Increase the dry weight of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (C) Increase the leaf length of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (D) Increase the leaf width of cabbage seedlings; (E) Increase the total root length of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (F) Increase the root volume of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (G) Increase the stem length of Chinese cabbage seedlings.

[0017] In some implementations, promoting photosynthesis in cabbage seedlings satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (S1) Increase the net photosynthetic rate of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (S2) Improve the stomatal conductance of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (S3) Increase the transpiration rate of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (S4) Increase the chlorophyll content of Chinese cabbage seedlings.

[0018] In some embodiments, the nitrogen assimilate includes glutamine synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase.

[0019] In some implementations, the application is implemented in the following ways: The seed initiator was applied to cabbage seeds to initiate the initiation process.

[0020] As an optional implementation, the application is implemented in the following way: The cabbage seeds were immersed in the seed initiator and induced in the dark. After initiation, they were cultured under suitable conditions.

[0021] As an optional implementation, the initiation temperature is 18°C ​​to 22°C.

[0022] As an optional implementation, the initiation time is 8 h to 12 h.

[0023] As an optional implementation, the initiation temperature is 20°C.

[0024] As an optional implementation, the initiation time is 10 hours.

[0025] In some embodiments, the culture conditions following priming of the cabbage seeds satisfy one or more of the following conditions: (A1) Photoperiod: 10 hours of light, 14 hours of darkness; (A2) Temperature: 15℃~25℃; (A3) Relative humidity: 60%–80%; (A4) Illumination intensity: 280 PPFD~320 PPFD.

[0026] As an optional implementation, the temperature during illumination is 23°C.

[0027] As an alternative implementation, the temperature during the darkness period is 18°C.

[0028] As an optional implementation, the relative humidity is 70%.

[0029] As an optional implementation, the light intensity is 300 PPFD.

[0030] This invention provides a seed initiator comprising a nano-silica suspension with a mass fraction of 0.25%–0.5% in improving the ammonium tolerance and / or resistance to ammonium stress in Chinese cabbage. The effects of different mass fractions of nano-silica suspension on Chinese cabbage seed germination, seedling growth, seedling photosynthesis, and nitrogen assimilation enzyme activity under ammonium stress were investigated. Ultimately, 0.25% nano-silica suspension was determined as the optimal initiation concentration. At this optimal concentration, the growth inhibition of Chinese cabbage seeds or seedlings under ammonium stress was significantly alleviated, and related indicators of seed germination, seedling growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogen assimilation enzyme activity were significantly improved. Therefore, the seed initiator provided by this invention enhances the ammonium tolerance of Chinese cabbage seeds and seedlings, playing an immeasurable role in ensuring agricultural production safety and possessing broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 The distribution of different treatments for Chinese cabbage seedlings in 128-well trays is shown.

[0032] Figure 2 The effects of different mass fractions of nano-silicon on germination-related indices of Chinese cabbage seeds under ammonium stress were shown. These indices included germination rate (A), germination potential (B), total germination index (C), and vigor index (D). In this study, 1–3 represented deionized water treatment; 4–6 represented 0.25% nano-silicon suspension treatment; 7–9 represented 0.5% nano-silicon suspension treatment; and 10–12 represented 1.0% nano-silicon suspension treatment. In this study, 1, 4, 7, and 10 represented a 0:100 NH₄⁺ solution. + NO3 - Treatment; 2, 5, 8, 11 are 50:50 NH4 + NO3 - Treatment; 3, 6, 9, 12 are 100:0 NH4 + NO3 - deal with.

[0033] Figure 3 The effects of nano-silica suspensions with different mass fractions on the growth morphology of Chinese cabbage seedlings under ammonium stress are shown. In the figure, A represents photographs of the growth morphology of Chinese cabbage seedlings after initiation with nano-silica suspensions of different mass fractions under ammonium stress; the first row from top to bottom shows 0:100 NH4. + NO3 - Processing, second line 50:50 NH4 + NO3 - Processing, the third line is 100:0 NH4 + NO3 -The treatments are as follows: the first column shows deionized water treatment, the second column shows treatment with 0.25% nano-silica suspension, and the third column shows treatment with 0.5% nano-silica suspension; B represents treatment without nano-silica suspension initiation, using 100:0 NH4+. + NO3 - To treat ammonium toxicity, the red arrows point to the yellowing and necrotic parts of the leaves.

[0034] Figure 4 The effects of different mass fractions of nano-silica suspension on growth-related indicators of Chinese cabbage seedlings under ammonium stress were shown. These indicators included: fresh weight (A), dry weight (B), leaf length (C), leaf width (D), total root length (E), root volume (F), and stem length (G). Treatments 1–3 were deionized water treatments; 4–6 were 0.25% nano-silica suspension treatments; and 7–9 were 0.5% nano-silica suspension treatments. Treatments 1, 4, and 7 were 0:100 NH4+ treatments. + NO3 - Treatment; 2, 5, 8 are 50:50 NH4 + NO3 - Treatment; 3, 6, 9 are 100:0 NH4 + NO3 - deal with.

[0035] Figure 5 The effects of different mass fractions of nano-silicon on photosynthetic parameters of Chinese cabbage seedlings under ammonium stress were shown. These parameters included net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (B), transpiration rate (C), and chlorophyll content (D). Treatments 1–3 involved deionized water; 4–6 involved 0.25% nano-silicon suspension; and 7–9 involved 0.5% nano-silicon suspension. Treatments 1, 4, and 7 involved a 0:100 NH4+ solution. + NO3 - Treatment; 2, 5, 8 are 50:50 NH4 + NO3 - Treatment; 3, 6, 9 are 100:0 NH4 + NO3 - deal with.

[0036] Figure 6 The effects of different mass fractions of nano-silicon on the enzyme activities of key nitrogen assimilation enzymes in Chinese cabbage seedlings under ammonium stress were shown. The key nitrogen assimilation enzymes included glutamine synthase (A) and glutamate dehydrogenase (B). Treatments 1–3 involved deionized water; 4–6 involved 0.25% nano-silicon suspension; and 7–9 involved 0.5% nano-silicon suspension. Treatments 1, 4, and 7 involved a 0:100 NH4+ solution. + NO3 - Treatment; 2, 5, 8 are 50:50 NH4+ NO3 - Treatment; 3, 6, 9 are 100:0 NH4 + NO3 - deal with. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in this invention are commercially available, and all methods used are conventional techniques in the art.

[0039] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly used in the field to which this invention pertains. For the purposes of interpreting this specification, the following definitions will apply, and where appropriate, terms used in the singular will also include the plural forms, and vice versa.

[0040] Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the terms “a” and “an” as used herein include plural references. For example, reference to “a cell” includes multiple such cells and equivalents known to those skilled in the art, etc.

[0041] The numerical ranges used in this article should be understood as including all numbers within that range. For example, the range 1 to 20 should be understood to include any number, combination of numbers, or subrange from the following group: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.

[0042] As used herein, the term "comprising" or "including" means "including, but not limited to." This term is intended to be open-ended to specify the presence of any of the stated features, elements, integers, steps, or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, integers, steps, components, or groups thereof. Therefore, the term "comprising" includes the more restrictive terms "consisting of" and "substantially consisting of." In one embodiment, the term "comprising" as used throughout the application, particularly in the claims, may be replaced by the term "consisting of."

[0043] As used herein, the terms “optional,” “any,” “arbitrary,” or “any one” mean that the event or situation described below may, but does not have to, occur, including the circumstances in which the event or situation occurs or does not occur. As used herein, “an” and “a” refer to one or more grammatical objects.

[0044] The term “and / or” as used herein should be understood to mean any one of the options or any combination of two or more of the options.

[0045] The term "ammonium stress" as used in this article refers to the presence of excessive ammonium nitrogen in the cabbage growing environment, meaning that the concentration of ammonium ions in the environment exceeds the tolerance threshold of cabbage seeds or seedlings, leading to stress on their growth and development. Typical characteristics include yellowing or even necrosis of leaves, poor root development, and damage to photosynthesis. In some specific implementation schemes, "ammonium stress" refers to an ammonium ion concentration in the environment greater than or equal to 10 mM.

[0046] Experimental Materials and Methods The nano-silica sol (30% by mass, neutral, SiO2) was purchased from Guangzhou Fufeng Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (https: / / detail.1688.com / offer / 729837801793.html?spm=a2615.2177701.wp_pc_auto_offer_big.0). The nano-silica had an average particle size of 14.7 nm, was uniformly distributed, and had good stability.

[0047] 1. Preparation of nano-silicon suspension Take the corresponding mass fraction of 30% nano silica sol stock solution and dilute it with water to the required mass fractions: 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%.

[0048] 2. The initiation of cabbage seeds First, select plump, uniformly sized Chinese cabbage seeds of the variety "Xin Beijing No. 3" without any mechanical damage. Initiate the seeds in deionized water (CK) without nano-silicon, 0.25% nano-silicon (0.25% nano-SiO2), 0.5% nano-silicon (0.5% nano-SiO2), and 1% nano-silicon (1% nano-SiO2) under the following conditions: 20°C and darkness for 10 hours. Remove the seeds floating on the water surface, rinse with deionized water, and let them air dry naturally at 20°C for 48 hours.

[0049] 3. NH4 at different concentrations + NO3 - deal with The cabbage seeds induced by the above-mentioned nano-silica suspensions with different mass fractions were divided into three equal parts, and each part was subjected to NH4+. + NO3 -= 0:100, 50:50, or 100:0 (total nitrogen content is 13 meq / L; for detailed formulations, please refer to the literature "Song J, Yang J and Jeong BR (2022) Silicon Mitigates Ammonium Toxicity in Cabbage"). Brassica campestris L. ssp . pekinensis Seeds were germinated under the following treatments: 'Ssamchu'. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 6:922666. A total of 3 × 3 = 9 treatments were administered, with 3 replicates per treatment and 30 seeds per replicate. Germination was carried out in 8.5 cm diameter plastic petri dishes lined with two layers of filter paper. NH4+ was used. + NO3 - The treatment solution was 10 mL, and it was changed daily. Germination conditions were as follows: place the petri dish in a petri dish for 6 days at room temperature (20℃~25℃) and humidity (50%~60%).

[0050] 4. Indicators related to the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds The number of germinated seeds was counted daily for a total of 6 days. Germination indicators were calculated, including germination rate (GI), germination potential (GP), germination index (GI), and seedling vigor index (SVI).

[0051] Germination rate (GR) = number of seeds germinated in 6 days / 30 × 100%.

[0052] Germination potential (GP) = number of seeds germinated in 3 days / 30 × 100%.

[0053] Total Germination Index (GI) = .

[0054] Vigor Index (SVI) = Total Germination Index × Total Length of Radicle Hypocotyl

[0055] 5. Transplanting and Cultivation in Plug Trays On the 6th day of seed germination, randomly selected germinated Chinese cabbage seeds with approximately uniform radicle and hypocotyl lengths from each treatment were carefully transferred to new 128-well seed trays. The trays were pre-filled and moistened with substrate (mini-k collection, Klasmann, Germany; https: / / klasmann-deilmann.com / en / fields-of-application / tray-propagation / propagation-substrates / #ts1-fine-perlite). The trays were then placed in a light incubator with 10 h light (23℃) and 14 h darkness (18℃), a relative humidity of 70%, and an LED light intensity of 300 PPFD. NH4+ was then used for further incubation. + NO3 - Treatment solution, keep it moist but not waterlogged, arrange as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0056] 6. Measurement of growth indicators After seedlings were transferred to plug trays and cultured for 25 days (25 DAT), six plants were randomly selected from each treatment group, and the root substrate was washed away with deionized water. Morphological differences were first compared by photographing. Then, growth data were collected: fresh and dry weight of the plants (60℃, 72 h) were measured using an electronic balance; stem length, leaf length, and leaf width were measured with a steel ruler; and total root length and root volume were measured using a root analysis system (Microtek ScanWizard Pro).

[0057] 7. Measurement of photosynthesis-related indicators The determination of photosynthetic indicators in Chinese cabbage seedlings was mainly carried out using a portable photosynthesis measurement system (TARGAS-1, PP Systems, Amesbury, MA, USA) provided by Lufthansa Technologies. The measured indicators included net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. The main measurement method was as follows: Chinese cabbage leaves in good growth condition were randomly selected from each group and measured through the leaf chamber window of the photosynthesis meter. Four plants were selected from each group for measurement, and measurements were taken three times, with the average value taken. Chlorophyll content is composed of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The measurement method for both was as follows: three leaves were randomly selected from each treatment as one replicate, for a total of three replicates. The replicates were placed in 2 mL EP tubes, followed by the addition of 1.5 mL of 75% ethanol, and then placed in a 4℃ refrigerator for 48 h. The extract was carefully transferred to a cuvette, and the absorbance values ​​at 645 nm and 663 nm were measured using a UV spectrophotometer. The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were calculated using the following formula, where "V" is 1.5 and the fresh weight of the sample is approximately 0.1 g. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were measured on day 3 after transplanting (3 DAT), between 9:00 AM and 11:00 AM; while chlorophyll content was measured on day 7 after transplanting (7 DAT).

[0058] 8. Determination of the activity of key nitrogen assimilation enzymes Key enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation include glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Both play crucial roles in the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to amino acids, and their enzyme activities are directly related to the plant's ammonium tolerance. The methods for determining the activities of GS and NADH-GDH were based on the literature "Song, J.; Yang, J.; Jeong, BR Root GS and NADH-GDH Play Important Roles in Enhancing the Ammonium Tolerance in Three Bedding Plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1061". The activities of both glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase were measured by leaf sampling on day 7 after transplanting (7 DAT), followed by quick-freezing in liquid nitrogen.

[0059] Example 1: Effect of different mass fractions of nano-silica suspension on the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds under ammonium stress. After igniting cabbage seeds with deionized water without nano-silicon, a 0.25% nano-silicon suspension, a 0.5% nano-silicon suspension, and a 1% nano-silicon suspension, respectively, different concentrations of NH4 were then used. + NO3 - (0:100, 50:50, or 100:0) Treat induced cabbage seeds and detect cabbage seed germination-related indicators.

[0060] The results are as follows Figure 2 As shown, high ammonium treatment (NH4) + NO3 - The 100:0 ratio significantly inhibited the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds, with a significant decrease in germination rate, germination potential, total germination index, and vigor index. However, the induction of Chinese cabbage seeds by nano-silicon alleviated this inhibition.

[0061] After seed initiation with 0.25% nano-silica suspension, the germination rate, germination potential, total germination index, and vigor index of seeds were significantly improved, and the effects of high ammonium treatment (NH4+) were significantly reversed. + NO3 - The 100:0 ratio of sodium nano-silica to water inhibited seed germination; the results of the 0.5% nano-silica suspension treatment group were similar to those of the deionized water treatment group, while no germination occurred in the 1% nano-silica treatment group. In summary, the experimental results show that 0.25% nano-silica suspension initiation significantly improved the inhibition of germination of Chinese cabbage seeds under high ammonium stress, and was determined to be the optimal initiation concentration for Chinese cabbage seeds.

[0062] Example 2: Effects of different mass fractions of nano-silica suspension on the growth of Chinese cabbage seedlings under ammonium stress. After igniting cabbage seeds with deionized water without nano-silicon, a 0.25% nano-silicon suspension, and a 0.5% nano-silicon suspension, respectively, different concentrations of NH4 were then used. + NO3 - (0:100, 50:50, or 100:0) Treatment of induced Chinese cabbage seeds. Seedlings were transplanted into plug trays and their growth indicators were measured after 25 days of cultivation.

[0063] The results showed that NH4 + NO3 - Under a 100:0 treatment, the growth of Chinese cabbage seedlings was significantly inhibited; while the Chinese cabbage seedlings induced by 0.25% nano-silica suspension showed the best growth state. Figure 3 (A). And 100:0 NH4 + NO3 - Some of the treated cabbage seedlings exhibited typical ammonium toxicity symptoms, with localized yellowing and necrosis of leaves. Figure 3B).

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, high ammonium treatment (100:0 NH4) + NO3 - The treatment significantly inhibited various growth indicators (fresh weight, dry weight, leaf length, leaf width, total root length, root volume, and stem length); however, overall, the 0.25% nano-silica suspension initiation treatment showed significantly better results than the deionized water initiation group and the 0.5% nano-silica suspension initiation group (in NH4). + NO3 - The difference was most significant in the 100:0 treatment group. Some indicators of the deionized water initiation group were superior to those of the 0.5% nano-silicon suspension initiation group. This fully demonstrates the beneficial effect of nano-silicon on the initiation of Chinese cabbage seeds, significantly reducing the growth inhibition of Chinese cabbage under ammonium stress. The optimal initiation concentration for Chinese cabbage seedlings was determined to be 0.25% nano-silicon suspension.

[0065] Example 3: Effects of different mass fractions of nano-silica suspension on photosynthesis in Chinese cabbage seedlings under ammonium stress. After igniting cabbage seeds with deionized water without nano-silicon, a 0.25% nano-silicon suspension, and a 0.5% nano-silicon suspension, respectively, different concentrations of NH4 were then used. + NO3 - (0:100, 50:50, or 100:0) Treatment of induced Chinese cabbage seeds. Photosynthetic indicators of Chinese cabbage seedlings were measured after transplanting into seed trays and cultivation.

[0066] The results are as follows Figure 5 As shown, NH4 + NO3 - The photosynthetic parameters of Chinese cabbage seedlings treated with a 100:0 ratio showed a significant decrease, indicating that their photosynthetic activity was severely affected and their photosynthetic capacity was inhibited. However, under the same NH4+ treatment, the photosynthetic parameters of the seedlings decreased significantly. + NO3 - In the treatment group, compared with deionized water or 0.5% nano-silicon suspension initiation, 0.25% nano-silicon suspension initiation significantly improved various photosynthetic parameters. Therefore, nano-silicon initiation can significantly promote photosynthesis, alleviate the inhibition of photosynthesis by high ammonium stress, and the 0.25% nano-silicon suspension in this invention is the optimal initiation concentration for Chinese cabbage seedlings.

[0067] Example 4: Induction of key enzyme activity in nitrogen assimilation in Chinese cabbage seedlings by different nano-silicon suspensions under ammonium stress The results are as follows Figure 6As shown, high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen significantly inhibited the activity of GS enzymes or GDH enzymes, which is consistent with the phenomenon of ammonium toxicity. More importantly, compared to initiation with deionized water or 0.5% nano-silica suspension, 0.25% nano-silica suspension initiation in cabbage seedlings exhibited significantly higher activity of GS and GDH enzymes. Therefore, in this invention, 0.25% nano-silica suspension initiation can significantly alleviate the inhibition of nitrogen assimilation enzymes by high ammonium nutrition and is the optimal initiation concentration for improving the ammonium tolerance of cabbage seedlings.

[0068] It should be noted that, since the steps and methods used are the same as in the embodiments, preferred embodiments are described in this invention to avoid redundancy. Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, once they understand the inventive concept of the present invention, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0069] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. If such modifications and variations fall within the scope of equivalents of this invention, then this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. The application of a seed initiator, characterized in that, The application includes at least one of the following: (1) Promoting the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds under ammonium stress; (2) Promoting the growth of Chinese cabbage seedlings under ammonium stress; (3) Promote photosynthesis in Chinese cabbage seedlings under ammonium stress; (4) Increase the activity of nitrogen assimilation enzymes in Chinese cabbage seedlings under ammonium stress; The nitrogen assimilates include glutamine synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase; The seed initiator comprises a nano-silica suspension with a mass fraction of 0.25% to 0.5%; The nano-silicon is nano-SiO2.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed initiator comprises a nano-silica suspension with a mass fraction of 0.25%.

3. The application according to claim 2, characterized in that, The average particle size of the nano-silicon is 14.7 nm.

4. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that, The seed initiator also includes one or more of the following: wetting agent, film-forming agent, thickener, antifreeze agent, defoamer, preservative, pH adjuster, adhesive, and water absorbent.

5. The application according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The promotion of cabbage seed germination must meet one or more of the following conditions: (a) Improve the germination rate of Chinese cabbage seeds; (b) Improve the germination potential of cabbage seeds; (c) Increase the total germination index of cabbage seeds; (d) Improve the vigor index of cabbage seeds.

6. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, To promote the growth of Chinese cabbage seedlings, one or more of the following conditions must be met: (A) Increase the fresh weight of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (B) Increase the dry weight of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (C) Increase the leaf length of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (D) Increase the leaf width of cabbage seedlings; (E) Increase the total root length of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (F) Increase the root volume of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (G) Increase the stem length of Chinese cabbage seedlings.

7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, To promote photosynthesis in Chinese cabbage seedlings, one or more of the following conditions must be met: (S1) Increase the net photosynthetic rate of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (S2) Improve the stomatal conductance of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (S3) Increase the transpiration rate of Chinese cabbage seedlings; (S4) Increase the chlorophyll content of Chinese cabbage seedlings.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The application is implemented in the following ways: The cabbage seeds were immersed in the seed initiator and induced in the dark. After initiation, they were cultured under suitable conditions.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The temperature at which the event is initiated is 18°C ​​to 22°C; and / or The initiation time is 8 h to 12 h.

10. The application according to any one of claims 8 to 9, characterized in that, The culture conditions following priming of the Chinese cabbage seeds must meet one or more of the following conditions: (A1) Photoperiod: 10 hours of light, 14 hours of darkness; (A2) Temperature: 15℃~25℃; (A3) Relative humidity: 60%–80%; (A4) Illumination intensity: 280 PPFD~320 PPFD.

Images