A method for fermenting citrus pulp, a fermented product and applications thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a fermentation method of citrus pulp, a fermentation product and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of deep processing of citrus. The fermentation method provided by the application comprises the following steps: mixing the citrus pulp and a bacterial liquid containing a composite bacterial strain, and then fermenting at an ambient temperature; the composite bacterial strain comprises a lactobacillus strain, a saccharomycete strain, black aspergillus and a lactobacillus fermentum. The fermentation method can realize open-air fermentation of the citrus pulp at an ambient temperature, the fermentation process is not putrefactive, and the obtained fermented biological feed is beneficial to improving the growth performance of the biological, improving the health degree of intestinal tissue and the nutritional richness of the intestinal tract, and finally improving the nutrition of the obtained feeding biological. The application further provides the fermentation product obtained by the fermentation method, and a biological feed and a poultry feed containing the fermentation product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of citrus deep processing technology, and in particular to a fermentation method for citrus pulp, fermentation products and their applications. Background Technology

[0002] Dried tangerine peel is a processed product of citrus peel. During the processing of dried tangerine peel, a huge amount of citrus pulp is generated. Traditional methods of landfilling or discarding citrus pulp can easily lead to environmental problems such as soil acidification and water eutrophication, and also directly result in the waste of resources. Therefore, resource utilization is urgently needed.

[0003] Citrus waste is rich in moisture and organic matter, such as pectin, cellulose, D-limonene, and hesperidin. Biorefining strategies based on microbial fermentation are an effective way to solve the disposal problem. In traditional technologies, studies have explored strategies to convert citrus waste into L-lactic acid using a single strain. However, the complex composition and dense structure of citrus waste, along with the presence of antibacterial substances such as D-limonene, pose significant challenges to the tolerance and substrate utilization capabilities of single strains.

[0004] Therefore, due to the special characteristics of citrus pulp, the current fermentation of this substrate faces problems such as low substrate utilization and demanding conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a fermentation method for citrus pulp, which enables open-air, ambient temperature fermentation of citrus pulp without spoilage during the fermentation process, and includes the resulting fermented biological feed, which is beneficial to improving the growth performance of organisms, enhancing the health of intestinal tissue, and increasing the nutritional richness of the intestines; ultimately improving the nutrition of the resulting fed organisms.

[0006] The present invention also provides fermentation products obtained by the above-described fermentation method.

[0007] The present invention also provides a biological feed for preparing raw materials including the above-mentioned fermentation products.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned biological feed.

[0009] According to an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention, a method for fermenting citrus pulp is provided, the fermentation method comprising the following steps: The citrus pulp and the bacterial solution containing the compound strain are mixed and fermented at ambient temperature. The compound microbial strains include Lactobacillus strains, yeast strains, Aspergillus niger, and Lactobacillus fermentum.

[0010] The fermentation method according to embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The efficient degradation of complex organic matter in nature depends on the synergistic metabolism of microbial communities. Therefore, it is crucial to construct a micro-ecosystem for efficient degradation of citrus pulp and to develop compound fermentation technology.

[0011] This invention utilizes a composite microbial strain formed by combining Lactobacillus, yeast, Aspergillus niger, and Lactobacillus fermentum. This fully leverages the synergistic metabolic effects and cascade fermentation of different microbial strains to effectively degrade citrus pulp. Simultaneously, it tolerates the antibacterial and acidic substances in the pulp, achieving a fermentation process that does not spoil under ambient temperature and open-air conditions. The invention boasts a high resource utilization rate for citrus pulp and high fermentation efficiency, realizing the resource utilization of citrus pulp waste from dried tangerine peel processing, laying the foundation for the subsequent preparation of high-nutrition biological feed. It offers significant economic and social benefits.

[0012] Furthermore, the fermentation method provided by this invention does not require sterilization or disinfection, can be carried out outdoors throughout the entire process, has low requirements for technical personnel, and is simple to operate.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the citrus pulp is mature citrus pulp. Xinhui citrus is preferred. The citrus pulp is obtained by peeling the citrus fruit manually or mechanically.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the citrus pulp does not need to be crushed during the fermentation process.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the containers used in the fermentation process do not require sterilization.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation container is made of plastic or glass. It may or may not be equipped with a water seal or a one-way vent valve; its volume is 100L to 1000L. Specifically, it can be 100L, 200L, 300L, 400L, 500L, 600L, 700L, 800L, 900L, or 1000L; or a range of any two of the above values.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation process further includes mixing the bacterial solution and citrus pulp.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation includes closed fermentation or semi-closed fermentation.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the Lactobacillus species include at least two of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the yeast species include at least two of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, and Wickham's abnormal yeast.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the complex strain also includes Streptococcus thermophilus.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the concentration ratio of any two bacterial species in the bacterial solution is 1:0.8 to 1.2. For example, it can be 1:1.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the concentration of the compound bacterial strain in the bacterial solution is 0.1~2×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL. For example, it could be 0.1 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, 0.5×10 8 CFU / mL, 1.0×10 8 CFU / mL, 1.5×10 8 CFU / mL, 2×10 8 CFU / mL; or a range of values ​​consisting of any two of the above points.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the bacterial solution accounts for 0.5% to 2% of the mass of the citrus pulp. For example, it can be 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%; or a range of values ​​consisting of any two of the above points.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mixing method of the citrus pulp and the bacterial solution is to add the citrus pulp and then sprinkle the bacterial solution.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the fermentation, the total inoculum size of the compound strain is 1~3×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL. For example, it could be 1×10⁻⁶ CFU / mL. 8 CFU / mL, 1.5×10 8 CFU / mL, 2×10 8 CFU / mL, 2.5×10 8 CFU / mL, 3×10 8 CFU / mL; or a range of values ​​consisting of any two of the above points.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation time is 15 to 90 days. For example, it can be 15 days, 20 days, 30 days, 40 days, 50 days, 60 days, 70 days, 80 days, or 90 days; or a range of values ​​composed of any two of the above points.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation process involves stirring 1-2 times during the initial stage. This improves the uniformity of fermentation. For the remainder of the fermentation period, the system is allowed to stand; thus, this application essentially provides a solid-state, static fermentation method.

[0029] The early stage of fermentation refers to the first 10 days before fermentation begins; for example, one day is selected from days 1 to 5 and days 6 to 10 for stirring, for a total of two stirrings.

[0030] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation method further includes obtaining and concentrating the fermentation broth after the fermentation is completed to obtain a concentrated fermentation broth. This reduces the volume, increases the concentration of active ingredients, and facilitates subsequent excipient formulation and transportation.

[0031] In actual production, the citrus pulp is almost completely converted into fermentation liquid; occasionally, there are obvious solid products, which need to be ground and crushed and combined with the liquid components to form the fermentation liquid for further testing; thus, it can be seen that there may still be some small solid products in the fermentation liquid, and it is not a completely solution.

[0032] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the concentrated volume to the unconcentrated volume is 1:2 to 5. For example, it can be 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5, 1:4, 1:4.5, 1:5; or a range of values ​​consisting of any two of the above points.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the concentration temperature is 80~85°C. For example, it can be 82°C.

[0034] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the concentration method includes at least one of vacuum concentration and membrane concentration.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, a fermentation product of citrus pulp obtained by the fermentation method described in the first aspect of the present invention is provided.

[0036] Since the fermentation product employs all the technical solutions of the fermentation methods described in the above embodiments, it possesses at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments. Through the combination of suitable compound microbial strains, the fermentation product becomes more nutritious and complete.

[0037] According to an embodiment of a third aspect of the present invention, a biological feed is provided, wherein the raw materials for preparing the biological feed include the fermentation products and excipients described in the second aspect of the present invention.

[0038] Since the described bio-feed utilizes all the technical solutions of the fermentation products described in the above embodiments, it possesses at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments. Furthermore, Animal experiments have shown that adding 2% or 4% of the described biological feed can significantly improve gut health, increase daily weight gain in broilers, reduce feed conversion ratio, and improve meat quality and flavor. The citrus pulp fermentation method provided by this invention achieves environmentally friendly utilization of waste resources, bringing significant economic and ecological benefits to the livestock industry by enhancing the nutritional value of biological feed, promoting animal growth, and improving health.

[0039] Furthermore, the biological feed only requires a simple mixing of raw materials, and no further drying is required after mixing, which simplifies the preparation process of the biological feed.

[0040] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the excipient is 1:10 to 50. Specifically, it can be 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:35, 1:40, 1:45, or 1:50; or a range of values ​​consisting of any two of the above points. In actual production, this can be adjusted according to the concentration ratio of the fermentation broth and the water absorption of the excipient to ensure that the moisture content of the biological feed is below 10%.

[0041] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation product includes a concentrate of the fermentation broth obtained from the fermentation.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the excipients include fiber powder.

[0043] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the auxiliary materials include at least one selected from cassava residue powder, wheat bran, corn flour, and soybean meal powder. The fermentation product and auxiliary materials provided by the present invention, when mixed, have no significant effect on the crude protein content, but result in better animal health indicators.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the water content of the biological feed is ≤10%. The water content is adjusted by the ratio of the fermentation product and the auxiliary material in the previous step; in actual production, no additional drying or sun-drying is required during the preparation of the biological feed.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention, a poultry and livestock feed is provided, wherein the raw materials for preparing the poultry and livestock feed include the biological feed described in the embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the poultry and livestock feed also include the basic daily ration for poultry and livestock.

[0047] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the livestock feed is intended for feeding one or more of chickens, pigs, ducks, geese, cattle, and sheep.

[0048] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the poultry and livestock feed includes at least one of broiler feed and pig feed.

[0049] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the poultry and livestock feed, the percentage of biological feed in the basal daily ration of poultry and livestock is 1-10% by mass. For example, it can be 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%; or a range of values ​​composed of any two of the above points.

[0050] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the feeding cycle of the poultry and livestock feed is 30 to 90 days, depending on the animal species and breeding objectives.

[0051] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0052] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is the statistical result of the intestinal length of broiler chickens obtained from Example 2 of the present invention, wherein the fermentation product used is from Example 1.

[0053] Figure 2 This is the intestinal pathological tissue result of broiler chicken obtained in Example 2 of the present invention, wherein the fermentation product used is from Example 1.

[0054] Figure 3 This is the 16S rRNA sequencing result of fecal microbiota of broilers obtained in Example 2 of this invention, wherein the fermentation product used is from Example 1.

[0055] Figure 4 This is the result of the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of broiler chickens obtained from Example 2 of the present invention, wherein the fermentation product used is from Example 1.

[0056] Figure 5 The results show the content of valine (A), umami amino acids (B), albumin (C), and total protein (D) in the meat obtained from Example 2 of this invention, wherein the fermentation product used is from Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The following will describe the concept and technical effects of the present invention clearly and completely with reference to embodiments, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example 1 This example provides a method for fermenting citrus pulp and obtaining the corresponding fermentation product; specifically, the fermentation method steps are as follows: S1. Preparation of bacterial solutions: Activate Lactobacillus strains, yeast strains, and Aspergillus niger (…) Aspergillus niger ), Streptococcus thermophilus ( Streptococcus thermophilus ) and Lactobacillus fermentum ( Lactobacillus fermentum );in, Lactobacillus species are derived from Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactobacillus plantarum ), Lactobacillus acidophilus ( Lactobacillus acidophilus ) and Lactobacillus bulgaricus ( Lactobacillus bulgaricus )composition; Yeast species include *Zygosaccharomyces rouxii* ( Zygosaccharomyces rouxii ), abnormal Hansenula yeast ( Wickerhamomyces anomalus ) and brewer's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )composition; The activated bacterial strains were cultured to a concentration of 0.1–2 × 10⁻⁶. 8 The concentration of CFU / mL (with comparable technical effects within this range) is used to prepare a bacterial solution containing a compound strain by mixing different bacterial cultures in equal proportions. To meet the required total inoculum volume for subsequent use, further expansion culture is usually necessary.

[0059] S2. Fermentation: Take freshly picked ripe Xinhui tangerines, peel them manually to separate the pulp, and place the pulp (without crushing) in a 500L plastic bucket (no sterilization required). Inoculate with 0.5% of the pulp weight, for a total inoculum of 1~3×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL (equivalent technical effects can be obtained within this range), stir thoroughly with a stainless steel rod. Ambient temperature (i.e., no temperature control in actual production) Semi-sealed (the surface is covered with a lid similar to a pot lid, without knobs or sealing strips; if gas is generated during the process, the lid can be opened to escape) Ferment for 30 days, stirring 1-2 times in the early stages of fermentation (days 3 and 8).

[0060] S3. Post-processing: The fermentation product obtained in step S2 is filtered through a 60-mesh sieve, and the fermentation broth is concentrated to 1 / 3 of its original volume at 80~85℃ to obtain concentrated fermentation broth, i.e., liquid fermentation product.

[0061] In this example, 100 groups of fermentation experiments were conducted in parallel. More than 90% of the fermentation samples (the success rate can be higher than that of this example, for example, close to 100%, depending on the batch) showed no off-odor or mold growth during the fermentation process. The remaining samples showed a small amount of mold growth and were treated to render them harmless after sterilization. The failed samples in subsequent examples and comparative examples were all treated using the same method.

[0062] Example 2 This example provides a method for fermenting citrus pulp and obtains the corresponding fermentation product; the specific difference from Example 1 is as follows: The bacterial culture in step S1 does not include brewer's yeast.

[0063] In this example, 100 fermentation experiments were conducted in parallel, with a success rate of 75%.

[0064] Example 3 This example provides a method for fermenting citrus pulp and obtains the corresponding fermentation product; the specific difference from Example 1 is as follows: The bacterial solution in step S1 does not include Lactobacillus plantarum.

[0065] In this example, 100 fermentation experiments were conducted in parallel, with a success rate of 72%.

[0066] Example 4 This example provides a method for fermenting citrus pulp and obtains the corresponding fermentation product; the specific difference from Example 1 is as follows: The bacterial solution in step S1 does not include Streptococcus thermophilus.

[0067] In this example, 100 fermentation experiments were conducted in parallel, with a success rate of 65%.

[0068] Comparative Example 1 This example provides a method for fermenting citrus pulp and obtains the corresponding fermentation product; the specific difference from Example 1 is as follows: The bacterial solution in step S1 does not include Aspergillus niger.

[0069] In this example, 100 fermentation experiments were conducted in parallel, with a success rate of 33%.

[0070] Comparative Example 2 This example provides a method for fermenting citrus pulp and obtains the corresponding fermentation product; the specific difference from Example 1 is as follows: The bacterial culture in step S1 does not include Lactobacillus fermentum.

[0071] In this example, 100 fermentation experiments were conducted in parallel, with a success rate of 30%.

[0072] Comparative Example 3 This example provides a method for fermenting citrus pulp and obtains the corresponding fermentation product; the specific difference from Example 1 is as follows: The bacterial solution in step S1 does not include Lactobacillus species.

[0073] In this example, 100 parallel fermentation experiments were conducted, and almost all of them rotted.

[0074] Application Example 1 This example demonstrates the preparation of a biological feed, with the specific steps as follows: The concentrated fermentation broth obtained from the examples and comparative examples was mixed with cassava flour at a mass ratio of 1:20 to obtain powdered biological feed with a moisture content of ≤10%.

[0075] Application Example 2 This example uses the biological feed obtained in Example 1 for broiler chicken feeding. The specific process is as follows: Six hundred healthy newly hatched Ma Huang chickens were selected and divided into two groups. They were housed in chicken coops at 20-25°C with free access to water. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 2-4% of the biological feed prepared in the example (2 wt% for chickens aged 1 day to 50 days (excluding 50 days), and 4 wt% for chickens aged 50-88 days). The experimental period was 88 days.

[0076] To minimize operational variations, each formulation should be prepared in quantities of at least 2 tons each time, and then packaged and stored in a cool, dry place. This quantity basically meets the usage requirements of the entire process in this example.

[0077] Test case The first aspect of this example tested the application of the biological feed obtained in Example 1 for the detection of toxic substances. The detection method is as follows: Deoxynivalenol: GB / T30956-2014; Ochratoxin: GB / T30957-2014; Aflatoxin B1: NY / T 2071-2011; Zearalenone: NY / T 2071-2011; T-2 mycoplasma: NY / T 2071-2011; 666 (HCH): GB / T 13090-2006; DDT: GB / T13090-2006.

[0078] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0079] Table 1. Detection results of the bio-feed obtained in Application Example 1

[0080] In Table 1, * indicates the lower limit of detection.

[0081] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the biological feed made from the fermentation products obtained in the examples did not contain any common mycotoxins or organochlorine pesticide residues (below the detection limit), fully complying with the national feed hygiene standards, thus proving the safety of the products produced by the process of this invention.

[0082] The second aspect of this example tested relevant parameters of the 88-day-old broiler chickens obtained in Example 2. Specifically, after weighing, whole blood samples were collected and placed at room temperature for 2 hours, followed by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes at 2-8°C. The supernatant was aliquoted and stored at -80°C for subsequent albumin and total protein content analysis. Fecal samples were randomly selected using sterile cotton swabs, placed in sterile 1.5mL EP tubes, and stored at 4°C. The samples were then transported to the laboratory on the same day and stored at -80°C until subsequent 16S rRNA sequencing and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Chicken legs were dissected and separated, then stored at 4°C, transported to the laboratory on the same day, and stored at -80°C until subsequent analysis of valine, glutamate, and aspartic acid content. Intestinal tissue samples were collected, and the length was measured using a ruler. Approximately 2g of small intestine tissue was taken in two portions and stored in paraformaldehyde solution for pathological analysis.

[0083] Test results showed that the experimental group of broilers gained slightly more weight than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant, indicating that the biological feed did not affect the growth performance of chickens, and even showed a trend of improvement. Figure 1 It can be seen that, compared with the control group (CTRL), the addition of biological feed (4%) to the diet can significantly increase the intestinal length of chickens. Figure 2 The H&E staining results of intestinal pathological tissues showed that the intestinal mucosa of chickens in the biological feed group (Treatment) exhibited more regular folds and glandular structures, with glands arranged tightly and in a more uniform morphology, clear cell layers, and no obvious damage or structural disorder of the mucosal layer, indicating healthier intestinal tissue. Further... Figure 3 As can be seen from the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of fecal microbiota, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus spp. was increased in the biological feed group (treat), while the niche width of the microbiota showed a decreasing trend, indicating that the gut nutrition was more abundant. Figure 4KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the activity of pathways related to amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism was significantly enhanced in this group of gut microbiota. Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, carbohydrate metabolism, glucose biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, metabolism of other amino acids, metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, nucleotide metabolism, and biodegradation and metabolism of xenobiotics were also enhanced to varying degrees.

[0084] Figure 5 Figures (A) and (B) show that, in terms of meat quality, the addition of biological feed to the diet significantly increased the content of valine and umami amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartic acid) in chicken meat, suggesting that it effectively improved the meat flavor. Figure 5 Figures (C) and (D) show that serum biochemical analysis further corroborates the above results: the serum albumin and total protein levels in the group of chickens supplemented with the biological feed were significantly increased, indicating an improvement in the overall metabolic level and enhanced nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency. Specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0085] Table 2 Performance of broilers obtained from Application Example 3

[0086] In summary, the fermentation method for citrus pulp provided by this invention can achieve fermentation at ambient temperature and in the open air, significantly reducing the energy and plant construction investment during the fermentation process; moreover, there is no spoilage during the fermentation process, and the biological feed prepared from the fermentation products has no toxic or harmful residues; when the biological feed is used to feed broilers, the resulting broilers are healthier, more nutritious, and have a better taste.

[0087] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other.

Claims

1. A method for fermenting citrus pulp, characterized in that, The fermentation method includes the following steps: The citrus pulp and the bacterial solution containing the compound strain are mixed and fermented at ambient temperature. The compound microbial strains include Lactobacillus strains, yeast strains, Aspergillus niger, and Lactobacillus fermentum.

2. The fermentation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Lactobacillus species include at least two of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.

3. The fermentation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The yeast species include at least two of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, and Wickham's abnormal yeast.

4. The fermentation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound microbial strain also includes Streptococcus thermophilus.

5. The fermentation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The concentration ratio of any two bacterial species in the bacterial solution is 1:0.8~1.2; and / or, the concentration of the compound bacterial species in the bacterial solution is 0.1~2×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL; and / or, the bacterial solution accounts for 0.5-2% of the mass of the citrus pulp.

6. The fermentation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The fermentation time is 15 to 90 days; and / or, the fermentation method further includes obtaining and concentrating the fermentation broth after the fermentation is completed to obtain a concentrated fermentation broth.

7. A fermentation product of citrus pulp obtained by the fermentation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A biological feed, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the biological feed include the fermentation products and auxiliary materials as described in claim 7.

9. The biological feed according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the fermentation product to the auxiliary material is 1:10~50; And / or, the fermentation product includes a concentrate of the fermentation broth obtained from the fermentation; And / or, the excipients include fiber powder.

10. A type of poultry and livestock feed, characterized in that, The poultry and livestock feed includes the biological feed described in claim 8 or 9.

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