Composite premix feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to a compound premixed feed and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of feeds. The compound premixed feed is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: a carrier matrix 52%, a chelated trace element premix 16%, microcapsule compound vitamins 8%, purple-leaf lettuce polyphenol freeze-dried powder 4%, compound probiotic powder 2%, fermented soybean meal plant protein 12%, and imported defatted fish meal animal protein 6%. The application adopts a multiple protection system of chelated trace elements + microcapsule vitamins + natural polyphenols + nitrogen storage, and the vitamin retention rate is greater than or equal to 92%, the polyphenol activity retention rate is greater than or equal to 90%, and the probiotic active bacteria retention rate is greater than or equal to 85% after 90 days of normal-temperature storage, which is much better than that of ordinary products on the market.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of feed, and in particular to a compound premixed feed and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the rapid development of my country's livestock and poultry farming industry towards large-scale and intensive operations, and the full implementation of antibiotic-free farming policies, the market has placed higher demands on the functionality, safety, and environmental friendliness of feed. Premixed feed, as a core component of complete compound feed, plays a crucial role in supplementing micronutrients such as vitamins and trace elements, and its quality directly affects the growth performance and health of livestock and poultry.

[0003] However, conventional premixed feeds in the existing technology generally have the following technical defects: First, heat-sensitive vitamins have poor stability. Heat-sensitive vitamins such as vitamin A and vitamin E are easily oxidized and degraded during long-term storage at room temperature and high-temperature processing in feed pelleting, resulting in significant loss of nutrients. Typically, after one month of storage, the retention rate of effective components is less than 70%.

[0004] Second, trace elements and vitamins are incompatible. Metal ions such as iron, copper, and manganese can catalyze the oxidation of vitamins and polyphenolic active substances, causing the components of the premix to destroy each other during storage, resulting in poor compatibility and short shelf life.

[0005] Third, they have limited functionality and insufficient protection for gut health. Traditional premixes can only supplement basic vitamins and minerals, lacking functional ingredients such as plant polyphenols and active probiotics. As a result, piglets have a high incidence of diarrhea and weak intestinal barrier function under stress conditions such as seasonal changes and regrouping.

[0006] Fourth, the protein source is singular and the amino acid balance is unbalanced. Most premixes use only a single plant protein or a small amount of fishmeal, resulting in an unbalanced ratio of animal and plant proteins, an unreasonable composition of essential amino acids, and low protein digestibility and absorption, which limits the growth rate and lean meat percentage of livestock and poultry.

[0007] Fifth, reliance on chemical antioxidants. To address vitamin oxidation, commercially available products commonly add synthetic antioxidants such as ethoxyquinoline and butylated hydroxytoluene. Long-term feeding of these products carries the risk of drug residues and does not meet the standards for green farming and exported livestock products.

[0008] Sixth, poor mixing uniformity. The trace additives are not evenly dispersed in the carrier, which can easily lead to local enrichment. This can cause nutritional imbalances or even micronutrient poisoning.

[0009] While some existing products have attempted to incorporate plant extracts or probiotics, they generally suffer from the following problems: plant extracts often employ high-temperature drying processes, resulting in significant destruction of polyphenolic active substances during processing; probiotics lack oxygen-barrier protection, leading to rapid inactivation during storage; and the balanced combination of animal and plant proteins is not systematically considered, resulting in limited growth-promoting and intestinal-protecting effects, failing to simultaneously meet the dual demands of improved breeding efficiency and meat quality. Therefore, the industry urgently needs to develop a novel compound premixed feed that is stable in composition, comprehensive in function, and environmentally friendly with no residues. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In order to overcome the technical defects of existing premixed feeds, such as easy oxidation of vitamins, incompatibility between trace elements and vitamins, single function, unbalanced protein sources, dependence on chemical antioxidants, and poor mixing uniformity, this application provides a compound premixed feed and its preparation method.

[0011] This application provides a compound premixed feed, which adopts the following technical solution: A compound premixed feed, by weight percentage, comprises the following components: 52% carrier matrix, 16% chelated trace element premix, 8% microencapsulated compound vitamins, 4% freeze-dried purple lettuce polyphenol powder, 2% compound probiotic powder, 12% plant protein, and 6% fishmeal animal protein.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solutions, this application replaces traditional inorganic salts with chelated trace elements, significantly reducing the catalytic oxidation of vitamins by free metal ions; it uses microencapsulation technology to protect vitamins, isolating them from contact with metal ions and oxygen; it innovatively adds freeze-dried purple lettuce polyphenol powder, utilizing its rich anthocyanins, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and other natural polyphenols to achieve a natural antioxidant effect, completely replacing artificial synthetic antioxidants; it also combines Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum and lactic acid bacteria complex probiotics to regulate the balance of intestinal flora; and it uses fermented soybean meal plant protein and imported fish meal animal protein to achieve complementary balance of amino acids.

[0013] Preferably, the carrier matrix is ​​composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts corn germ meal and 22 parts defatted rice bran.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, corn germ meal and defatted rice bran have good dispersibility and carrying capacity as carriers, and are rich in dietary fiber and vitamin E, and have good compatibility with other components.

[0015] Preferably, each kilogram of the chelated trace element premix contains: 180 mg of organic copper, 2200 mg of organic manganese, 1600 mg of organic zinc, 1100 mg of ferrous chelate, 0.4 mg of selenium, and 0.3 mg of iodine.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, amino acid chelated trace elements are used. These trace elements have stable chemical properties, low redox potential, do not catalyze vitamin oxidation, and have a significantly higher bioavailability than inorganic salt forms.

[0017] Preferably, each kilogram of the microcapsule complex vitamin premix contains: vitamin A 130 KIU, vitamin E 3600 mg, vitamin D 345 KIU, vitamin B1 50 mg, vitamin B6 90 mg, calcium pantothenate 320 mg, folic acid 12 mg, and biotin 2.5 mg.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the microcapsule coating process forms a dense protective film on the outside of vitamin granules, effectively isolating the effects of oxygen, moisture and metal ions, and significantly improving the stability of vitamins during storage and granulation.

[0019] Preferably, the purple lettuce polyphenol freeze-dried powder is prepared by vacuum low-temperature freeze drying and is rich in natural polyphenol active substances such as anthocyanins, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, vacuum freeze-drying technology dehydrates under low temperature and vacuum conditions, thus preserving the natural polyphenolic active substances in purple lettuce to the greatest extent. These polyphenolic substances not only have strong antioxidant capacity and can protect vitamins and probiotics, but also have physiological functions such as repairing intestinal mucosa, anti-inflammation, and anti-stress.

[0021] Preferably, the compound probiotic powder is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum, and lactic acid bacteria, with a total live bacteria count ≥ 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the three probiotics work synergistically: Bacillus subtilis consumes oxygen in the intestine to create an anaerobic environment, Clostridium butyricum produces butyric acid to repair the intestinal mucosa, and lactic acid bacteria lower the intestinal pH value to inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria, thus jointly building a healthy intestinal micro-ecosystem.

[0023] Preferably, the plant protein is fermented soybean meal protein with a crude protein content of ≥48% and a small molecule peptide content of ≥18%; the fish meal animal protein is imported defatted fish meal with a crude protein content of ≥65%.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solutions, fermented soybean meal undergoes microbial fermentation, which degrades anti-nutritional factors, increases the content of small molecule peptides, and improves digestibility and absorption. Fish meal is rich in limiting amino acids such as lysine and methionine, which are lacking in plant-based raw materials. The combination of the two makes the amino acid composition closer to the ideal protein pattern for livestock and poultry.

[0025] This application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound premixed feed, using the following technical solution: A method for preparing a compound premixed feed includes the following steps: Step 1: Carrier and protein pretreatment: Corn germ meal, defatted rice bran, fermented soybean meal, and defatted fish meal are air-dried at 40℃ until the moisture content is ≤8%, and then passed through a 60-mesh sieve to remove lumps; Step 2: Preparation of freeze-dried polyphenol powder from purple lettuce: Take purple lettuce raw material, rinse with water, soak in 0.1% citric acid + 0.05% vitamin C aqueous solution for color protection, centrifuge to dehydrate, pre-freeze at -38℃, vacuum freeze-dry, pulverize and sieve; Step 3: Premixing and diluting trace components: First, take 10% of the carrier matrix and chelated trace elements and microcapsule vitamins and premix them at low speed to complete the first dilution; Step 4: Low-temperature mixing of all components: Mix the primary diluted material with the remaining carrier, plant protein, fish meal, and polyphenol freeze-dried powder at low temperature, and finally add probiotics and mix at low speed. Nitrogen gas is used for protection throughout the process. Step 5: Sieving and vacuum nitrogen-filled packaging: Immediately after sieving, pack the aluminum foil bags with nitrogen.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solutions, a two-stage dilution process is used to ensure uniform dispersion of trace components; low-temperature processing throughout the process avoids the loss of heat-sensitive components; nitrogen protection effectively prevents polyphenol oxidation, probiotic inactivation, and fishmeal rancidity; and nitrogen-filled packaging maximizes the product's shelf life.

[0027] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Significantly improved storage stability: Adopting a multi-protection system of chelated trace elements + microencapsulated vitamins + natural polyphenols + nitrogen-filled storage, the vitamin retention rate is ≥92%, the polyphenol activity retention rate is ≥90%, and the probiotic live bacteria retention rate is ≥85% after 90 days of storage at room temperature, which is far superior to ordinary products on the market. 2. Significantly improved protein utilization: Fermented soybean meal plant protein and imported fish meal animal protein are scientifically combined, with a balanced amino acid composition, and the protein digestibility and absorption rate is increased by more than 12%, effectively reducing the feed conversion ratio and improving the economic benefits of breeding. 3. Outstanding effects on gut health and anti-stress: The polyphenols of purple lettuce and compound probiotics work synergistically to repair the intestinal mucosa, regulate the gut microbiota, reduce the diarrhea rate of piglets during regrouping and seasonal changes by more than 60%, and significantly improve the stress resistance of livestock and poultry. 4. Simultaneous improvement in growth performance and meat quality: The product of this application is multifunctional and integrated. After feeding, the daily weight gain of fattening pigs is significantly improved, the feed conversion ratio is reduced to 2.54:1, the lean meat percentage is increased to more than 65%, fat deposition is reduced, and the meat flavor is significantly improved. 5. Green, safe, and residue-free: No synthetic antioxidants or antibiotics are added throughout the entire process. Antioxidants are achieved using natural polyphenols. All raw materials are of natural origin and meet the standards for antibiotic-free farming and export meat products. 6. Advanced technology and high mixing uniformity: The two-stage dilution method and low-temperature nitrogen protection mixing process are adopted, and the product mixing uniformity variation coefficient is ≤5%, avoiding the risk of nutrient imbalance or poisoning caused by local enrichment. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a compound premixed feed according to this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 This application will be described in further detail.

[0030] This application discloses a compound premixed feed and its preparation method.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] This embodiment discloses a compound premixed feed, which is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 52% carrier matrix, 16% chelated trace element premix, 8% microcapsule compound vitamins, 4% freeze-dried purple lettuce polyphenol powder, 2% compound probiotic powder, 12% fermented soybean meal plant protein, and 6% imported defatted fish meal animal protein.

[0033] The carrier matrix consists of 30 parts by weight of corn germ meal and 22 parts by weight of defatted rice bran.

[0034] Each kilogram of the premix in this embodiment contains: 180 mg of organic copper (copper methionine), 2200 mg of organic manganese (manganese glycine), 1600 mg of organic zinc (zinc lysine), 1100 mg of ferrous glycine, 0.4 mg of selenium, and 0.3 mg of iodine.

[0035] Each kilogram of the premix in this embodiment contains: Vitamin A 130 KIU, Vitamin E 3600 mg, Vitamin D 345 KIU, Vitamin B1 50 mg, Vitamin B6 90 mg, Calcium pantothenate 320 mg, Folic acid 12 mg, and Biotin 2.5 mg. The above vitamins are prepared into microcapsules using gum arabic and maltodextrin as wall materials through spray drying.

[0036] Preparation method of freeze-dried polyphenol powder from purple lettuce: Fresh purple lettuce was selected, rinsed with clean water to remove mud and insect eggs, and soaked in a 0.1% citric acid + 0.05% vitamin C aqueous solution for 4 minutes for color protection treatment; centrifuged to remove water until no free water remained on the surface, and spread in a single layer on a freeze-drying tray with a layer thickness ≤8mm; pre-frozen in a freeze dryer at -38℃ for 5 hours, and then dried in stages under a vacuum of 30Pa: the main drying stage for 15 hours and the desorption drying stage for 6 hours; after discharge, the powder was pulverized using a low-temperature pulverizer, passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and stored in a nitrogen-sealed, light-protected environment. Testing showed that the total polyphenol content of the freeze-dried powder was ≥3.5%.

[0037] The compound probiotic powder is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum, and Enterococcus faecalis in a 2:1:1 ratio, with a total live bacteria count ≥1.2×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g.

[0038] Fermented soybean meal has a crude protein content of ≥48% and a small molecule peptide (molecular weight <1000Da) content of ≥18%; imported defatted fish meal has a crude protein content of ≥65% and a freshness index VBN ≤80mg / 100g.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 The preparation method of Example 1: Step 1: Carrier and protein pretreatment: Corn germ meal, defatted rice bran, fermented soybean meal, and imported defatted fish meal are put into a low-temperature air classifier and air-dried at 40℃ until the moisture content of the material is ≤8%. Then, the material is passed through a 60-mesh sieve to remove lumps and coarse particles, and stored in a sealed container at room temperature for later use.

[0040] Step 2: Preparation of freeze-dried polyphenol powder from purple lettuce: Prepare freeze-dried polyphenol powder from purple lettuce using the method described above, and store it in a nitrogen-sealed container.

[0041] Step 3: Premixing and diluting of trace components: Weigh 10% of the total carrier matrix mass and add it together with the chelated trace element premix and microcapsule complex vitamins into a double ribbon mixer. Control the speed at 120 r / min and mix for 8 min to complete the first-stage dilution.

[0042] Step 4: Low-temperature mixing of all components: Put the above-mentioned primary diluted materials, the remaining 90% of the carrier matrix, fermented soybean meal plant protein, fish meal animal protein, and purple lettuce polyphenol freeze-dried powder into a closed low-temperature mixer. The jacket is circulated with cooling water to control the material temperature ≤30℃, the speed is 90r / min, and the mixture is mixed for 12min. Finally, the compound probiotic powder is added, the speed is reduced to 50r / min, and the mixture is mixed for 3min. During the mixing process, a low flow rate of high-purity nitrogen is continuously introduced into the mixer to maintain a slight positive pressure inside the machine and isolate it from air.

[0043] Step 5: Sieving and vacuum nitrogen-filled packaging: After mixing, the material is passed through a 40-mesh sieve. The material on the sieve is crushed and returned, while the material under the sieve is immediately sent to a fully automatic nitrogen-filled packaging machine. It is packaged in aluminum foil composite bags, filled with 99.9% high-purity nitrogen, and heat-sealed. The finished product is stored in a cool, dry place away from light.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 lies in the percentage of components by mass: 54% carrier matrix, 15% chelated trace element premix, 7% microcapsule complex vitamins, 3% freeze-dried purple lettuce polyphenol powder, 2% compound probiotic powder, 12% plant protein, and 7% fishmeal animal protein.

[0046] This embodiment is applicable to the later stages of fattening. The fishmeal ratio is appropriately increased to further improve meat quality, while the levels of trace elements and vitamins are reduced to meet the nutritional needs of the later fattening stage. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 lies in the percentage of components by mass: 50% carrier matrix, 17% chelated trace element premix, 9% microcapsule complex vitamins, 5% freeze-dried purple lettuce polyphenol powder, 3% compound probiotic powder, 11% plant protein, and 5% fishmeal animal protein.

[0049] This embodiment is applicable to the weaning stage of piglets. The proportions of polyphenols and probiotics are appropriately increased to enhance stress resistance and intestinal protection, while the levels of trace elements and vitamins are increased to meet the needs of rapid piglet growth. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0050] Application effect test To verify the actual application effect of the product of this application, a comparative feeding experiment on fattening pigs was conducted.

[0051] Experimental animals and grouping: Eighteen healthy Duroc × Landrace × Large White crossbred fattening pigs of the same batch, weighing approximately 64±2kg, were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 pigs each.

[0052] Experimental diets: The control group (premix 1) was supplemented with commercially available ordinary compound premix (containing only plant protein, excluding polyphenol freeze-dried powder and probiotics); Experimental group 1 (premix 2) was supplemented with the formula of this application but without polyphenol freeze-dried powder and probiotics; Experimental group 2 (premix 3) was supplemented with the complete formula product of Example 1 of this application. The basal diets of the three groups were the same, and the proportion of premix added was 4% in all groups.

[0053] Feeding and management: Free access to feed and water, and immunization according to the routine immunization program for 45 days.

[0054] Experimental results: Table 1 Comparison of growth performance

[0055] As shown in Table 1, compared with commercially available ordinary premixed feed, the complete formula product of this application increased the weight gain rate of fattening pigs by 38.7 percentage points and reduced the feed conversion ratio by 22.6%, resulting in a highly significant improvement in growth performance. Adding only animal and plant proteins without polyphenols and probiotics also had some effect, but it was significantly less effective than the complete formula, demonstrating a significant synergistic effect between the freeze-dried polyphenol powder, probiotics, and animal and plant proteins.

[0056] Table 2 Comparison of Slaughter Performance

[0057] As shown in Table 2, the product of this application significantly improves slaughter rate and lean meat rate, reduces fat rate, effectively improves carcass quality, and increases the economic benefits of breeding.

[0058] During the trial, observations revealed that pigs in group 3 of the premixed feed had well-formed feces, no diarrhea, and shiny, rosy fur. In contrast, two pigs in group 1 of the premixed feed developed diarrhea due to weather changes midway through the trial, while one pig in group 2 of the premixed feed experienced mild diarrhea. This demonstrates that the product described in this application is significantly effective in improving gut health and enhancing stress resistance.

[0059] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A compound premixed feed, characterized in that: By mass percentage, it includes the following components: Carrier matrix 52%, chelated trace element premix 16%, microencapsulated complex vitamins 8%, purple lettuce polyphenol freeze-dried powder 4%, compound probiotic powder 2%, plant protein 12%, fish meal animal protein 6%; The carrier matrix is ​​composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts corn germ meal and 22 parts defatted rice bran; The chelated trace element premix contains the following per kilogram of premix: 180 mg organic copper, 2200 mg organic manganese, 1600 mg organic zinc, 1100 mg ferrous chelate, 0.4 mg selenium, and 0.3 mg iodine. The microencapsulated complex vitamins contain the following per kilogram of premix: Vitamin A 130 KIU, Vitamin E 3600 mg, Vitamin D 345 KIU, Vitamin B1 50 mg, Vitamin B6 90 mg, Calcium pantothenate 320 mg, Folic acid 12 mg, and Biotin 2.5 mg. The purple lettuce polyphenol freeze-dried powder is prepared by vacuum low-temperature freeze drying and is rich in natural polyphenol active substances such as anthocyanins, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. The compound probiotic powder is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum, and lactic acid bacteria, with a total live bacteria count ≥1.2×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g; The plant protein is fermented soybean meal protein, with a crude protein content of ≥48% and a small molecule peptide content of ≥18%. The fishmeal animal protein is imported defatted fishmeal with a crude protein content of ≥65%.

2. The compound premixed feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purple lettuce polyphenol freeze-dried powder is prepared by the following method: purple lettuce raw material is taken, washed, color protected, centrifuged and dehydrated, pre-frozen at -38℃ for 5h, dried in stages under vacuum of 30Pa, including main drying for 15h and analytical drying for 6h, and then pulverized through a 60-mesh sieve and stored under nitrogen sealing.

3. The compound premixed feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The color protection is achieved by soaking the sample in a 0.1% citric acid + 0.05% vitamin C aqueous solution for 4 minutes; the sample is then centrifuged to remove all free water droplets, and the thickness of a single layer is ≤8mm.

4. The compound premixed feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic copper is copper methionine, the organic manganese is manganese glycine, the organic zinc is zinc lysine, and the ferrous chelate is ferrous glycine.

5. A compound premixed feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcapsule complex vitamins are coated with gum arabic and maltodextrin as wall materials and are microencapsulated by spray drying.

6. A method for preparing a compound premixed feed, used to produce the compound premixed feed as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Carrier and protein pretreatment: Corn germ meal, defatted rice bran, fermented soybean meal, and defatted fish meal are air-dried at 40℃ until the moisture content is ≤8%, and then passed through a 60-mesh sieve; Step 2: Preparation of freeze-dried polyphenol powder from purple lettuce: Purple lettuce is prepared by washing, color protection, pre-freezing, vacuum freeze-drying, and pulverizing. Step 3: Premixing and diluting trace components: Take 10% of the carrier matrix and chelated trace elements and microcapsule vitamins and premix them at 120 r / min for 8 min to complete the first dilution; Step 4: Low-temperature mixing of all components: Mix the primary dilution material, remaining carrier matrix, plant protein, fish meal, and freeze-dried purple lettuce polyphenol powder at a material temperature ≤30℃ and 90r / min for 12min; then add the compound probiotic powder and mix at 50r / min for 3min, with nitrogen protection throughout the process; Step 5: Sieving and Packaging: After passing through a 40-mesh sieve, the product is packaged in nitrogen-filled aluminum foil composite bags.

7. The method for preparing a compound premixed feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pre-freezing temperature in step 2 is -38℃, and the pre-freezing time is 5 hours; the vacuum degree of the vacuum freeze-drying is 30 Pa, which includes two stages: main drying for 15 hours and desorption drying for 6 hours.

8. The method for preparing a compound premixed feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 4, a low flow rate of nitrogen is introduced into the mixer throughout the process to isolate it from air, and the material temperature is controlled to not exceed 30°C.

9. The method for preparing a compound premixed feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The nitrogen-filled packaging described in step 5 uses 99.9% high-purity nitrogen gas, and after packaging, it is stored at room temperature under light-proof conditions.

10. The application of the compound premixed feed according to claim 1 in pig farming, characterized in that: The compound premixed feed is added to the basal diet of pigs at a weight percentage of 4%-6% and is suitable for feeding piglets and fattening pigs at all stages.

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