Ruminant feed for cattle breeding with high efficiency of nutrition and health regulation and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of animal feed processing, and discloses a ruminant feed for cattle breeding with efficient nutrition and health regulation and a preparation method thereof, which comprises corn, bran, soybean meal, corn germ meal, alfalfa grass granules, pretreated soybean straw, pretreated peanut stems, heat-treated soybean meal, corn protein powder, soybean hulls, molasses, oil, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture, salt, mineral and vitamin premix, and active components added after cooling. The soybean straw and peanut stems are subjected to coarse crushing and enzymatic pretreatment, the corn particle size, conditioning granulation conditions, starch gelatinization degree, and the mass ratio of rumen degradable protein, transruminal protein and rumen degradable starch to rumen degradable protein of the finished feed are controlled, the finished granules are kept with physical effective fibers, early fermentation acid load is controlled, and the active components added after cooling are used to reduce the influence of the conditioning granulation process on the enzyme preparation and bacillus subtilis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal feed processing technology, and in particular to a ruminant feed for cattle breeding that combines high-efficiency nutrition and health regulation, and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Cattle are typical ruminants, relying on rumen microorganisms to ferment and transform nutrients such as fiber, starch, and protein in their feed. Therefore, ruminant feed not only needs to meet conventional nutritional requirements such as energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins, but also needs to take into account the rumen fermentation rate, acid production level, and simultaneous utilization of carbon and nitrogen substrates.

[0003] With the large-scale development of cattle farming, in order to improve feeding efficiency, existing technologies have developed solutions for crushing, mixing, and pelleting raw materials such as corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, corn germ meal, alfalfa meal, minerals, vitamins, and premixes. For example, patent CN113317397A discloses a complete compound feed for fattening ruminant cattle, which is a complete compound feed for fattening cattle with corn, wheat bran, extruded soybeans, corn germ meal, alfalfa meal, dicalcium phosphate, salt, compound premixes, and vitamins as the main components, and obtains a pelleted product through crushing, mixing, and pelleting. Patent CN106376731A discloses a bovine TMR pelleted biological feed and its preparation method, which produces bovine TMR pelleted feed by cutting, crushing, mixing, and low-temperature pelleting of components such as grains, protein raw materials, roughage, bio-fermented feed, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, vitamins, and minerals. The above technologies can improve feed uniformity and feeding convenience, but their main focus is still on raw material compounding, nutritional balance, and pelleting processing itself.

[0004] With the deepening of research on ruminant nutrition, existing technologies for evaluating feed are no longer limited to the content of crude protein, energy, and minerals. For example, patent CN101516209A discloses a system for real-time characterization of ruminant feed components. It uses indicators such as dry matter, NDF, NDFd, lignocellulosic NDF ratio, starch content, forage particle size, and grain particle size to characterize ruminant feed components, and evaluates the digestibility of the diet by rationing the fermentability index.

[0005] However, in order to obtain better pellet quality and mixing uniformity, existing pelleted feeds usually require the grinding, conditioning and pressing of roughage and concentrate. While this improves the stability of feed processing, it also reduces the physical availability of crude fiber. Physically available fiber can stimulate chewing and rumination and promote saliva secretion. Saliva buffering is an important factor in maintaining rumen pH stability. When crude fiber is excessively ground or pressed into fine pellets, even if the NDF content in the diet is not significantly reduced, its stimulating effect on rumination and saliva buffering will decrease.

[0006] During the conditioning, heating and pelleting processes, the starch structure and particle structure of grain raw materials change, thereby increasing the accessibility of starch to rumen microorganisms and the fermentation rate. In other words, high-grain pellet feed may weaken the buffering capacity due to the decrease in the physical availability of crude fiber, and may also increase the postprandial acid load due to the rapid fermentation of starch.

[0007] In addition, rumen fermentation stability is also related to the release rhythm of fermentable carbon sources and degradable nitrogen sources. If the release of degradable starch in the rumen is too fast and the supply of degradable protein in the rumen is not synchronized, it can easily lead to insufficient utilization of ammonia nitrogen, decreased efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, and fluctuations in nutrient utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that the existing technology has problems such as decreased physical effectiveness of crude fiber, excessively rapid starch fermentation, and asynchronous release of rumen-degradable starch and rumen-degradable protein, which leads to a time mismatch between rumination stimulation, salivary buffering, starch fermentation, protein degradation and microbial utilization. To address this, we propose a ruminant feed for cattle that combines high-efficiency nutrition and health regulation, as well as its preparation method.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: 1. A ruminant feed for cattle breeding that combines high-efficiency nutrition and health regulation, characterized in that, by weight, it comprises 20.5-25.4 parts corn, 10-11 parts wheat bran, 7-8 parts soybean meal, 7-8 parts corn germ meal, 12-15 parts alfalfa hay pellets, 12-15 parts pretreated soybean straw, 10-12 parts pretreated peanut vines, 4-5 parts a mixture composed of heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal, 2-3 parts soybean hulls, 1-3 parts molasses, 0.7-1 part oil, 0.8-1.2 parts sodium bicarbonate, and 0.25-0. The mixture comprises 4 parts magnesium oxide, 0.35-0.6 parts calcium carbonate, 0.25-0.5 parts yeast culture, 0.15-0.3 parts salt, 0.8-1.2 parts mineral and vitamin premix, and 0.2-1 parts of cooled active ingredient, totaling 100 parts. The total amount of alfalfa pellets, pretreated soybean straw, and pretreated peanut vines is 34-42 parts; the total amount of sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture, and salt is 1.8-2 parts; and the total amount of pretreated soybean straw and pretreated... Peanut vines are obtained by coarsely crushing soybean straw and peanut vines followed by enzymatic pretreatment. After coarse crushing, the portion of soybean straw and peanut vines with a particle size of 3-8 mm accounts for 60-80%, the portion with a particle size less than 1 mm is no more than 20%, and the portion with a particle size greater than 12 mm is no more than 10%. The corn, after being crushed, has a particle size D50 of 1.0-2.2 mm, and the proportion of corn flour with a particle size less than 0.5 mm is no more than 25%. The feed contains 28-38% neutral detergent fiber and 18-26% starch, and is rumen-safe. The crude protein contains 58.2-63.5% biodegradable protein and 36.5-41.8% rumen-degradable protein. The mass ratio of rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein is 2.55:1-3.28:1. The starch gelatinization degree of the finished granules is 22.8-25.1%. The retention rate of 3-8mm fiber fragments after disintegration of the finished granules is not less than 61.5%, and the content of physically effective neutral detergent fiber is not less than 18.2%. The active ingredients added after cooling are added after the finished granules have cooled and are distributed on the surface of the finished granules.

[0010] Preferably, the pretreated soybean straw and pretreated peanut vines are obtained by mixing soybean straw and peanut vines at a weight ratio of 1:0.6-1.4 and then treating them with a composite pretreatment solution. The composite pretreatment solution includes water, molasses, cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucanase. The amount of molasses used is 1-3% of the weight of the crude fiber mixture formed by soybean straw and peanut vines, the amount of cellulase is 500-2000 U / kg, the amount of xylanase is 1000-4000 U / kg, the amount of β-glucanase is 200-800 U / kg, and the moisture content of the crude fiber mixture after enzymatic pretreatment is 18-28%.

[0011] Preferably, the active components added after cooling include cellulase, xylanase, Bacillus subtilis, yeast cell wall, plant-derived active substances, and carrier liquid. The plant-derived active substances are one or a combination of licorice extract and astragalus polysaccharide, and the carrier liquid is one or a combination of oil and molasses dilution.

[0012] Preferably, based on the finished feed, the cellulase activity is 500-1500 U / kg, the xylanase activity is 1000-3000 U / kg, and the Bacillus subtilis viable count is 1×10⁻⁶. 6 -1×10 7 The concentration of CFU / g is 0.05-0.3% for yeast cell wall, 0.02-0.15% for plant-derived active substances, and 0.2-0.8% for carrier liquid.

[0013] Preferably, the feed contains 13.0-16.5% crude protein, has a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 1.6:1-2.3:1, and has a finished product moisture content of no more than 12.5%.

[0014] A method for preparing a ruminant feed for cattle that combines high-efficiency nutrition and health regulation includes the following steps: S1: Corn, soybean meal, corn germ meal, and wheat bran are crushed as concentrate feed, wherein the particle size D50 of the crushed corn is 1.0-2.2 mm, and the proportion of corn flour with a particle size less than 0.5 mm is not higher than 25%; soybean straw and peanut vines are cut or coarsely crushed as coarse fiber feed, so that the portion with a particle size of 3-8 mm accounts for 60-80%, the portion with a particle size less than 1 mm is not higher than 20%, and the portion with a particle size greater than 12 mm is not higher than 10%; S2: Soybean straw and peanut vines are mixed and sprayed with a composite pretreatment solution composed of water, molasses, cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucanase, so that the moisture content reaches 18-28%, and then sealed and allowed to stand at 25-38℃ for 4-16 hours to obtain pretreated coarse fiber feed; S3: The crushed corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, and corn Germ meal, alfalfa pellets, pretreated crude fiber feed, protein mixture composed of heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal, soybean hulls, molasses, oil, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture, salt, and mineral and vitamin premix are separately metered and fed into a mixer for segmented mixing; S4: The segmented mixed materials are fed into a conditioner for conditioning at a temperature of 62-75℃ for 20-60 seconds, resulting in a moisture content of 14-17%; The conditioned materials are then fed into a pellet mill for pelleting to obtain pellets; S5: The pellets obtained in step S4 are cooled to 35-42℃ and the moisture content is reduced to no more than 12.5%. Then, a cooling active ingredient is added to the cooled pellets, distributing the cooling active ingredient on the surface of the pellets; S6: The pellets with the added cooling active ingredient are sieved, metered, and packaged to obtain the finished ruminant feed pellets for cattle.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the segmented mixing includes: first, adding pretreated coarse fiber material, alfalfa hay pellets and soybean hulls to a mixer and mixing for 60-120 seconds; then adding corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, corn germ meal and a protein mixture composed of heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten powder, and continuing to mix for 90-180 seconds; finally, adding sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture, salt, mineral and vitamin premix, molasses and oil, and continuing to mix for 90-180 seconds. After mixing, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the mixing uniformity is not higher than 7%.

[0016] Preferably, in step S4, the diameter of the granulator ring die is 6-10 mm, the length of the resulting granules is 10-25 mm, and the starch gelatinization degree of the resulting granules is 15-35%.

[0017] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: In this invention, by separating the crude fiber raw materials from the concentrate raw materials, the structural fiber fragments of soybean straw and peanut vines are retained in the pelleted feed to maintain the stimulating effect of physically effective fiber on chewing and rumination. At the same time, by controlling the corn grinding particle size, conditioning temperature, conditioning time, and starch gelatinization degree, the rapid concentrated fermentation of starch substrates in the rumen is limited. Furthermore, by adjusting the ratio of rumen-degradable protein, rumen-protected protein, and rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein, the release processes of fermentable carbon sources and degradable nitrogen sources are matched. Compared with existing cattle pelleted feeds that uniformly grind and mix raw materials before pelleting, this invention can balance processing stability, retention of physically effective fiber, and simultaneous release of rumen fermentation substrates in pelleted feed form, thereby reducing the adverse effects of rumen fermentation timing mismatch on rumen pH stability, fiber degradation, and nutrient utilization efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The disclosure of this invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same parts: Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of the physical structure indicators of different sample finished particles of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a graph showing the relationship between the degree of starch gelatinization and the pH of in vitro fermentation over 6 hours for different samples of this invention. Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of ammonia nitrogen concentration and microbial protein content in different samples of this invention; Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the retention rates of thermosensitive active substances in different samples of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the average daily weight gain and the duration of pH < 5.8 in different feeding groups according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this invention, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations without altering the essential spirit of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of the technical solution of this invention and should not be considered as the entirety of the invention or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this invention.

[0020] Unless otherwise stated, all "parts" below refer to parts by weight; all percentage contents below are based on the weight of finished feed; particle size distribution can be determined using conventional sieving methods in this field; rumen-degradable protein, rumen-exposed protein, and rumen-degradable starch can be determined using the nylon bag method, in vitro rumen fermentation method, or equivalent methods commonly used in ruminant nutrition evaluation.

[0021] This invention provides a ruminant feed for cattle, comprising, by weight: 20.5-25.4 parts corn, 10-11 parts wheat bran, 7-8 parts soybean meal, 7-8 parts corn germ meal, 12-15 parts alfalfa pellets, 12-15 parts pretreated soybean straw, 10-12 parts pretreated peanut vines, 4-5 parts protein mixture composed of heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal, 2-3 parts soybean hulls, 1-3 parts molasses, 0.7-1 part oil, 0.8-1.2 parts sodium bicarbonate, 0.25-0.4 parts magnesium oxide, 0.35-0.6 parts calcium carbonate, 0.25-0.5 parts yeast culture, 0.15-0.3 parts salt, 0.8-1.2 parts mineral and vitamin premix, and 0.2-1 parts of cooled active ingredients, totaling 100 parts.

[0022] The total amount of alfalfa pellets, pretreated soybean straw and pretreated peanut vines is 34-42 parts, and the total amount of sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture and salt is 1.8-2 parts.

[0023] The feed contains 13.0-16.5% crude protein, 28-38% neutral detergent fiber, 18-26% starch, 55-68% rumen-degradable protein, 32-45% rumen-protected protein, a rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein mass ratio of 2.3:1-3.5:1, a calcium to phosphorus mass ratio of 1.6:1-2.3:1, and a moisture content not exceeding 12.5%.

[0024] The finished product granules, after disintegration treatment, retain a 3-8mm fiber fragment retention rate of no less than 61.5% and a physically effective neutral detergent fiber content of no less than 18.2%.

[0025] The disintegration process includes taking a sample of the finished granules, soaking it in 37°C warm water for 10 minutes, and then stirring it at low speed for 3 minutes to loosen the granules and prevent additional shearing of the fibers. The disintegrated sample is then sieved and the retention rate of 3-8 mm fiber fragments and the content of physically effective neutral detergent fibers are measured.

[0026] The pretreated soybean straw and pretreated peanut vines are obtained by coarsely crushing soybean straw and peanut vines and then enzymatically pretreating them. After coarse crushing, the portion of soybean straw and peanut vines with a particle size of 3-8mm accounts for 60-80%, the portion with a particle size less than 1mm is no more than 20%, and the portion with a particle size greater than 12mm is no more than 10%. The alfalfa pellets have a particle size of 2-6mm. The amount of alfalfa pellets used is 12-15 parts, the amount of pretreated soybean straw used is 12-15 parts, and the amount of pretreated peanut vines used is 10-12 parts, with a total amount of 34-42 parts.

[0027] During pretreatment, a compound pretreatment solution is sprayed onto the coarse fiber mixture formed by soybean straw and peanut vines to make the moisture content of the coarse fiber mixture reach 18-28%, and then it is sealed and left to stand for 4-16 hours at 25-38℃.

[0028] The composite pretreatment solution includes water, molasses, cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucanase. The amount of molasses is 1-3% of the weight of the crude fiber mixture, the amount of cellulase is 500-2000 U / kg, the amount of xylanase is 1000-4000 U / kg, and the amount of β-glucanase is 200-800 U / kg. This makes the surface of the crude fiber raw material moderately loose while retaining its structural fiber morphology.

[0029] After being crushed, the corn has a particle size D50 of 1.0-2.2 mm, and the proportion of corn flour with a particle size less than 0.5 mm is no more than 25%. The starch gelatinization degree of the resulting finished pellets is 22.8-25.1%. By controlling the corn particle size and starch gelatinization degree, the degree of excessive concentration of starch due to rapid fermentation in high-grain pellet feed can be reduced.

[0030] The protein mixture consists of heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal, with a dosage of 4-5 parts. The protein mixture, together with soybean meal, corn germ meal and other protein raw materials, ensures that rumen-degradable protein accounts for 58.2-63.5% of the crude protein in the finished feed, and rumen-protected protein accounts for 36.5-41.8% of the crude protein. The mass ratio of rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein is 2.55:1-3.28:1.

[0031] When preparing the ingredients, the ratio of heat-treated soybean meal to corn gluten meal should be limited to the condition that the finished product simultaneously meets the above-mentioned RDP, RUP and RDS / RDP indicators. In one specific embodiment, the mass ratio of heat-treated soybean meal to corn gluten meal is 3:2.

[0032] The amount of soybean hulls used is 2-3 parts. Soybean hulls, as a specific feed ingredient, participate in the formation of the finished product's neutral detergent fiber and fermentable carbohydrate composition.

[0033] The amount of sodium bicarbonate is 0.8-1.2 parts, the amount of magnesium oxide is 0.25-0.4 parts, the amount of calcium carbonate is 0.35-0.6 parts, the amount of yeast culture is 0.25-0.5 parts, and the amount of salt is 0.15-0.3 parts, and the total amount of the five is 1.8-2 parts.

[0034] When preparing the ingredients, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture, and salt should each be within their respective dosage ranges. By adjusting the dosage of one or more of the ingredients, the total dosage of the five ingredients should be between 1.8 and 2 parts. Each component should not be directly combined after using its upper limit.

[0035] Sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, and calcium carbonate are added as buffering raw materials before conditioning and granulation. Yeast culture and salt are added together with the buffering raw materials as formulation ingredients.

[0036] The mineral and vitamin premix is ​​a conventionally used mineral and vitamin premix in ruminant feed, which includes one or more of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, iodine, cobalt, and vitamins A, D, and E. The amount of the mineral and vitamin premix is ​​0.8-1.2 parts, and the calcium-to-phosphorus mass ratio of the finished feed is in the range of 1.6:1-2.3:1.

[0037] The active components added after cooling include cellulase, xylanase, Bacillus subtilis, yeast cell wall, plant-derived active substances, and carrier liquid. The plant-derived active substances are one or a combination of licorice extract and astragalus polysaccharide, and the carrier liquid is one or a combination of oil and molasses dilution.

[0038] The amount of active components added after cooling, based on the finished feed, is as follows: cellulase activity 500-1500 U / kg, xylanase activity 1000-3000 U / kg, and Bacillus subtilis viable count 1×10⁻⁶. 6 -1×10 7 The active ingredients are CFU / g, yeast cell wall content is 0.05-0.3%, plant-derived active ingredient content is 0.02-0.15%, and carrier liquid content is 0.2-0.8%. The active ingredients added after cooling are added and distributed on the surface of the finished particles after cooling, in order to reduce the impact of the conditioning and granulation process on the heat-sensitive active ingredients.

[0039] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned ruminant pellet feed for cattle, comprising the following steps: S1: Corn, bran, soybean meal, corn germ meal, alfalfa hay pellets, soybean straw, peanut vines and other solid raw materials are put into the corresponding feeding ports respectively, and are then used after dust removal, primary cleaning and screening to remove impurities and permanent magnet iron removal; S2: Corn, soybean meal, corn germ meal, and wheat bran are fed into a pulverizer as a concentrate stream and pulverized. The particle size D50 of the pulverized corn is 1.0-2.2mm, and the proportion of corn flour with a particle size less than 0.5mm is no more than 25%. The particle size of the pulverized soybean meal, corn germ meal, and wheat bran is 0.8-2.5mm. Soybean straw and peanut vines are used as a coarse fiber stream. After being cut and pulverized, the portion with a particle size of 3-8mm accounts for 60-80%, the portion with a particle size less than 1mm is no more than 20%, and the portion with a particle size greater than 12mm is no more than 10%. Alfalfa hay particles are crushed to 2-6mm. S3: Mix soybean straw and peanut vines at a weight ratio of 1:0.6-1.4, spray the resulting coarse fiber mixture with a composite pretreatment solution composed of water, molasses, cellulase, xylanase and β-glucanase, so that the moisture content of the coarse fiber mixture reaches 18-28%, and then let it stand in a sealed container at 25-38℃ for 4-16 hours to obtain the pretreated coarse fiber material; S4: First, add the pretreated coarse fiber material, alfalfa pellets, and soybean hulls to the mixer and mix for 60-120 seconds. Then, add corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, corn germ meal, and a protein mixture consisting of heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal. Continue mixing for 90-180 seconds. Finally, add sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture, salt, mineral and vitamin premix, molasses, and oil. Continue mixing for 90-180 seconds. Molasses and oil are added through a liquid addition system. After mixing, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the mixing uniformity should not exceed 7%. S5: The mixed material is fed into the granulation hopper and then into the conditioner for conditioning. The conditioning temperature is 62-75℃, and the conditioning time is 20-60s. After conditioning, the moisture content of the material is 14-17%. The conditioned material is then fed into the pellet mill for pelleting. The ring die diameter of the pellet mill is 6-10mm, the length of the resulting pellets is 10-25mm, and the starch gelatinization degree of the finished pellets is 22.8-25.1%. S6: The obtained granules are sent to a cooler to cool them down to 35-42℃ and the moisture content of the finished product is reduced to no more than 12.5%. Then, the cooled active ingredients are added to the surface of the cooled granules. S7: After adding the active ingredients and cooling, the granules are screened through a grading sieve to remove powder, broken particles and oversized particles. Qualified granules enter the finished product warehouse and are metered and packaged to obtain the finished product.

[0040] In one embodiment, the active component added after cooling is added by atomized spraying. After spraying, mixing continues for 60-180 seconds to distribute the active component added after cooling on the particle surface. The atomized spraying can be completed by a liquid spraying device located at the rear end of the cooler, the front end of the finished product silo, or a secondary mixing device. In another embodiment, after the particles are cooled, a drum mixer, a horizontal mixer, or a secondary mixer is used to add the cooled active component. The mixing time is 60-180 seconds. When using the secondary mixing method, the cooled active component needs to be premixed with a small amount of carrier powder or carrier liquid before being added to the cooled particles.

[0041] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and comparative examples. Unless otherwise stated, the weight parts in the following embodiments and comparative examples are based on the actual weight of the materials entering the batching process. The corn, bran, soybean meal, corn germ meal, alfalfa pellets, soybean straw, peanut vines, heat-treated soybean meal, corn gluten meal, soybean hulls, molasses, oils, mineral and vitamin premix, enzyme preparations and microecological preparations used are all conventional raw materials that can be obtained in the feed industry.

[0042] Example 1 This embodiment provides a ruminant pellet feed for cattle, comprising, by weight, 25.4 parts corn, 10 parts wheat bran, 8 parts soybean meal, 8 parts corn germ meal, 12 parts alfalfa pellets, 12 parts pretreated soybean straw, 10 parts pretreated peanut vines, 3 parts heat-treated soybean meal, 2 parts corn gluten meal, 3 parts soybean hulls, 2 parts molasses, 1 part oil, 0.8 parts sodium bicarbonate, 0.25 parts magnesium oxide, 0.35 parts calcium carbonate, 0.25 parts yeast culture, 0.15 parts salt, 1 part mineral and vitamin premix, and 0.8 parts of cooled added active ingredients, totaling 100 parts.

[0043] The amount of active components added after cooling is calculated based on the finished feed, with cellulase activity of 1000 U / kg, xylanase activity of 2000 U / kg, and Bacillus subtilis viable count of not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 6 The CFU / g content was 0.10% for yeast cell wall and 0.05% for licorice extract.

[0044] The preparation method in this embodiment is as follows: S1: Corn, soybean meal, corn germ meal, wheat bran, alfalfa pellets, soybean straw and peanut vines are fed into the corresponding feeding ports, and then the feed is used after being cleaned by a pulse dust collector, screened for impurities, and removed by a permanent magnet drum. S2: Corn, soybean meal, corn germ meal, and wheat bran are used as concentrate feed streams and pulverized. The particle size D50 of the pulverized corn is 1.5 mm, and the proportion of corn flour with a particle size less than 0.5 mm is no more than 20%. The particle size of the pulverized soybean meal, corn germ meal, and wheat bran is 0.8-2.5 mm. Soybean straw and peanut vines are used as coarse fiber feed streams. After being cut and coarsely pulverized, the portion with a particle size of 3-8 mm accounts for about 70%, the portion with a particle size less than 1 mm is no more than 15%, and the portion with a particle size greater than 12 mm is no more than 8%. Alfalfa pellets are crushed to a particle size of 2-6 mm. S3: Mix soybean straw and peanut vines at a weight ratio of 1:0.8 to obtain a coarse fiber mixture. Spray the coarse fiber mixture with a compound pretreatment solution to achieve a moisture content of 24%. The amount of molasses is 2% of the weight of the coarse fiber mixture, the amount of cellulase is 1200 U / kg, the amount of xylanase is 2500 U / kg, and the amount of β-glucanase is 500 U / kg. After spraying, the coarse fiber mixture is sealed and left to stand at 32℃ for 8 hours to obtain pretreated soybean straw and pretreated peanut vines. The moisture content of the coarse fiber material is 22-24%. S4: First, add pretreated soybean straw, pretreated peanut vines, alfalfa pellets, and soybean hulls to a mixer and mix for 90 seconds. Then add corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, corn germ meal, heat-treated soybean meal, and corn gluten meal, and continue mixing for 120 seconds. Finally, add 0.8 parts sodium bicarbonate, 0.25 parts magnesium oxide, 0.35 parts calcium carbonate, 0.25 parts yeast culture, 0.15 parts salt, mineral and vitamin premix, molasses, and oil, and continue mixing for 120 seconds. After mixing, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the mixing uniformity should not exceed 7%. S5: The mixture is fed into the pelleting hopper and then into the conditioner for conditioning. The conditioning temperature is 68℃ and the conditioning time is 40s. The moisture content of the material after conditioning is 15.5%. The material after conditioning is fed into the ring die pellet mill for pelleting. The ring die diameter is 8mm and the length of the resulting pellets is 12-20mm. S6: After granulation, the granules enter a cooler to cool them down to below 40°C and the moisture content to no more than 12.5%. Then, the active ingredients added after cooling are sprayed onto the surface of the cooled granules using an atomizing spraying method. After spraying, the mixture is mixed for 120 seconds to distribute the active ingredients added after cooling onto the surface of the granules. S7: The sprayed particles are sieved through a grading sieve to remove powder and oversized particles. Qualified particles enter the finished product warehouse, and after being metered and packaged, the finished product is obtained.

[0045] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the proportion of structural crude fiber raw materials in the feed formulation is higher.

[0046] By weight, take 20.5 parts corn, 11 parts wheat bran, 7 parts soybean meal, 7 parts corn germ meal, 15 parts alfalfa hay pellets, 15 parts pretreated soybean straw, 12 parts pretreated peanut vines, 4 parts protein mixture composed of heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal, 2 parts soybean hulls, 2 parts molasses, 0.7 parts oil, a total of 2 parts sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture and salt, 1 part mineral and vitamin premix, and 0.8 parts added active ingredients after cooling.

[0047] The protein mixture consists of heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten powder, with 2 parts soybean hulls. Sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture and salt are all within the dosage range specified in this instruction manual, and the total of the five is 2 parts. The pretreatment method of soybean straw and peanut vines is the same as in Example 1, except that the crude fiber mixture is sealed and left to stand at 30°C for 10 hours, and the moisture content after pretreatment is 23-25%.

[0048] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the feed formulation has a higher proportion of corn, and the mixture consisting of heat-treated soybean meal, coated soybean meal and corn gluten meal is increased accordingly, as well as the total amount of sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture and salt added.

[0049] By weight, take 30 parts corn, 11 parts wheat bran, 8 parts soybean meal, 10 parts corn germ meal, 8 parts alfalfa hay pellets, 8 parts pretreated soybean straw, 6 parts pretreated peanut vines, 6 parts a mixture of heat-treated soybean meal, coated soybean meal and corn gluten meal, 5 parts a mixture of soybean hulls and beet meal, 2 parts molasses, 1.2 parts oil, a total of 2.8 parts sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture and salt combination, 1.2 parts mineral and vitamin premix, and 0.8 parts active ingredients added after cooling.

[0050] The protein component is a mixture of heat-treated soybean meal, coated soybean meal and corn gluten meal; the fibrous carbon source is a mixture of soybean hulls and beet meal; the particle size D50 of the crushed corn is 1.8 mm; the proportion of corn flour with a particle size less than 0.5 mm is no more than 20%; the conditioning temperature is 66℃; the conditioning time is 35 s; the moisture content of the material after conditioning is 15-16%; and the ring die aperture is 8 mm.

[0051] Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the active component is added after cooling using a two-stage mixing method. Specifically, after the granules are cooled to below 40°C and the moisture content is reduced to no more than 12.5%, the active component added after cooling is first premixed with a small amount of bran to obtain an active premix. The active premix is ​​then added to a drum-type secondary mixer and mixed with the cooled granules for 150 seconds. After mixing, the finished product is obtained by sieving and packaging.

[0052] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the particle size control of the coarse fiber flow is eliminated, and the corn, bran, soybean meal, corn germ meal, alfalfa hay pellets, soybean straw and peanut vines are uniformly crushed to less than 1 mm.

[0053] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the soybean straw and peanut vines are not subjected to enzymatic pretreatment. Specifically, after the soybean straw and peanut vines are cut into sections and coarsely crushed, they are not sprayed with the compound pretreatment solution, nor are they subjected to closed static treatment.

[0054] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal are added, and the mass ratio of rumen-degradable protein, rumen-protected protein, and rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein is controlled. Specifically, the heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal in Example 1 are replaced with an equal part by weight of ordinary soybean meal.

[0055] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the active ingredient is not added after the particles have cooled, but rather added to the mixer along with sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture, salt, mineral and vitamin premix, molasses, and oil in the final stage of the segmented mixing process, and undergoes the conditioning and granulation process together with the mixture.

[0056] Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the conditioning temperature is 88°C, the conditioning time is 100s, the moisture content of the material after conditioning is 16-17%, and the ring die aperture is 8mm.

[0057] The feeds obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were selected as experimental subjects. The physical structure, in vitro fermentation characteristics, simultaneous release of carbon and nitrogen in the rumen, retention of heat-sensitive active substances, and animal feeding performance were tested. Unless otherwise stated, the test results in the experimental examples are average values ​​obtained under the same test conditions.

[0058] Experimental Example 1 This experimental example aims to evaluate the effect of different preparation methods on the retention of structural coarse fibers in the finished granules.

[0059] Using the ruminant pellets for cattle obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 as experimental subjects, 500g of samples from each group were taken and subjected to pellet disintegration treatment under the same conditions. The disintegration treatment involved soaking the pellets in 37℃ warm water for 10 minutes followed by low-speed stirring for 3 minutes to loosen the pellets without additional shearing of the fibers. The disintegrated samples were graded through sieves of different apertures, and the retention rate of 3-8mm fiber fragments was determined. Simultaneously, the content of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) was determined using an equivalent sieving method. The pulverization rate was calculated as the percentage of the mass of sieved powder in the pellet sample relative to the total mass of the sample. The results are shown in Table 1 and 2. Figure 1 As shown.

[0060] Table 1

[0061] From Table 1 and Figure 1 The data shows that the retention rate of 3-8mm fiber fragments in Examples 1-4 remained above 61.5%, and the peNDF content remained above 18.2%, indicating that by restricting the crushing of coarse fiber flow and controlling particle size, the finished particles can retain a certain amount of structural fiber fragments after disintegration.

[0062] Comparative Example 1 showed that when all raw materials were uniformly crushed to below 1 mm, the retention rate of 3-8 mm fiber fragments was only 18.6%, the peNDF content was 9.6%, and the pulverization rate increased to 8.9%. This indicates that even if the formula composition is similar, if the coarse fiber raw materials are not diverted and the particle size is not controlled, the physical effective fiber in the pellet feed will also decrease.

[0063] The physical structure indices of Comparative Examples 2-4 are similar to those of Example 1, indicating that the mild pretreatment of coarse fiber, the setting of the protein mixture composed of heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal, and the timing of adding the active component after cooling are not the main factors affecting the retention of physically effective fiber. The retention of physical structure mainly depends on the control of coarse fiber particle size and the degree of mechanical damage during the granulation process. Comparative Example 5 uses high-intensity conditioning and granulation, and its fiber fragment retention rate and peNDF are lower than those of Example 1, indicating that high-temperature long-term conditioning and strong granulation will increase the risk of fiber structure damage.

[0064] Experiment Example 2 This experimental example aims to evaluate the effects of different processing methods on starch gelatinization degree and early in vitro fermentation characteristics.

[0065] Using the ruminant pelleted feed for cattle obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 as experimental subjects, samples from each group were taken. The degree of starch gelatinization was determined using an enzymatic colorimetric method or an equivalent method. In the in vitro fermentation experiment, 0.5g of sample pulverized to pass through a 2mm sieve was added to a mixture of rumen fluid and buffer solution protected by carbon dioxide. Anaerobic culture was maintained at 39℃. After 6 hours of culture, gas production, fermentation broth pH, ​​lactic acid concentration, total volatile fatty acid content, and acetic acid / propionic acid ratio were measured. Three replicates were set up for each group of samples. The results are shown in Table 2 below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0066] Table 2

[0067] From Table 2 and Figure 2 Data shows that the starch gelatinization degree of Examples 1-4 was 22.8-25.1%, the pH of the fermentation broth after 6 hours was 6.08-6.24, and the lactic acid concentration was 2.8-3.8 mmol / L. This indicates that under the conditions of controlling corn kernel size and low-damage conditioning and pelleting, pelleted feed can maintain a moderate gelatinization level and avoid excessive concentration of acid load in the early fermentation stage.

[0068] In Comparative Example 1, due to uniform fine powdering treatment, the particle size of corn and other concentrates decreased, the gas production increased to 49.8 mL / gDM, the pH of the fermentation broth decreased to 5.82, and the lactic acid concentration increased to 6.1 mmol / L. This indicates that fine powdering improves early substrate accessibility, enabling rumen microorganisms to rapidly utilize starchy substrates in a short period of time, thereby increasing early acid production.

[0069] Comparative Example 5 underwent high-temperature long-term conditioning at 88℃ for 100s, which increased the starch gelatinization degree to 46.2%, the gas production to 57.2 mL / g DM, the pH of the fermentation broth to 5.70, and the lactic acid concentration to 7.2 mmol / L. This indicates that excessive conditioning and granulation will increase the degree of starch gelatinization and increase the early fermentation rate and acid load.

[0070] The starch gelatinization degree of Comparative Example 3 was similar to that of Example 1, but the pH of the fermentation broth was lower than that of Example 1, and the lactic acid concentration was higher than that of Example 1. This indicates that under similar processing conditions, the lack of RDP / RUP and RDS / RDP control can also affect the stability of the fermentation process. The acid load in the early fermentation is not only affected by the starch processing status, but also by the synchronization relationship of rumen degradable carbon and nitrogen substrates.

[0071] Experimental Example 3 This experimental example aims to evaluate the effects of different formulation systems on rumen-degradable starch, rumen-degradable protein, ammonia nitrogen release, and microbial protein production.

[0072] Using the ruminant pelleted feeds for cattle obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 as experimental subjects, 0.5g of sample was taken from each group, and a mixture of rumen fluid and buffer solution was added. The mixture was cultured anaerobically at 39℃ for 12h. After culture, the ammonia nitrogen concentration and microbial protein content of the fermentation broth were measured. RDP, RUP, and RDS were determined using an in vitro enzymatic digestion method. Three replicates were set up for each group. The results are shown in Table 3 and... Figure 3 As shown.

[0073] Table 3

[0074] From Table 3 and Figure 3 The data show that the RDP / CP of Examples 1-4 was 58.2-63.5%, RUP / CP was 36.5-41.8%, RDS / RDP was 2.55-3.28, the NH3-N concentration was 12.9-14.5 mg / dL, the MCP was 86.4-91.2 mg / g DM, and the nitrogen utilization rate was 35.9-37.5%, indicating that the release of biodegradable nitrogen sources and the supply of fermentable carbon sources in the rumen can maintain a relatively matched state.

[0075] Comparative Example 3 replaced heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal with ordinary soybean meal, resulting in an increase in RDP / CP to 75.6%, a decrease in RUP / CP to 24.4%, a decrease in RDS / RDP to 1.92, an increase in NH3-N concentration to 23.5 mg / dL, a decrease in MCP to 68.4 mg / gDM, and a decrease in nitrogen utilization rate to 27.8%. This indicates that under similar crude protein levels, if the proportion of rumen-degradable protein is too high and the release of fermentable energy cannot be matched synchronously, ammonia nitrogen accumulation will increase and microbial protein production efficiency will decrease.

[0076] The RDP / RUP ratios of Comparative Examples 1 and 5 were similar to those of Example 1, but the MCP and nitrogen utilization rates were lower than those of Example 1. Combined with the results of Experiment 2, Comparative Examples 1 and 5 showed that the early fermentation rate was too fast and the pH dropped. The low pH environment may affect the activity of some fiber-degrading bacteria and nitrogen-utilizing microorganisms, resulting in a decrease in microbial protein production. This indicates that the simultaneous utilization of carbon and nitrogen depends not only on the static ratios of RDP / RUP and RDS / RDP, but also on the substrate release rate and the fermentation pH environment.

[0077] The RDP / RUP and RDS / RDP of Comparative Example 2 were similar to those of Example 1, but the MCP was slightly lower than that of Example 1, indicating that mild pretreatment of crude fiber may provide a more stable source of fermentation substrate for rumen microorganisms by improving the availability of fiber surface.

[0078] Experiment Example 4 This experiment aims to evaluate the effects of adding the active ingredient after cooling versus adding it before granulation on enzyme activity and the retention of viable cell count.

[0079] Using the pelleted feeds obtained in Examples 1, 4, and 4 as experimental subjects, feed samples from each group were taken. Cellulase and xylanase activities were determined according to the feed enzyme preparation detection method. The viable count of Bacillus subtilis was determined using the plate count method. Enzyme activity retention rate was calculated as the percentage of the actual measured enzyme activity to the theoretical added enzyme activity. Three parallel samples were set for each sample. The results are shown in Table 4 and... Figure 4 As shown.

[0080] Table 4

[0081] From Table 4 and Figure 4 The results show that in Example 1, the active components were added via a cooling-after-atomization spraying method. The finished product contained 1015 U / kg cellulase activity, 2030 U / kg xylanase activity, and 1.32 × 10⁻⁶ Bacillus subtilis viable count. 6The CFU / g, cellulase and xylanase retention rates were 92.3% and 91.6%, respectively, indicating that adding the active ingredients after cooling the granules to below 40°C can reduce the impact of high temperature and frictional heat during conditioning and granulation on the enzyme preparation and probiotics.

[0082] Example 4 uses a cooling-after-mixing-addition method, and its cellulase retention rate, xylanase retention rate, and viable cell count are similar to those of Example 1, indicating that the addition and activity retention of heat-sensitive components can still be achieved through cooling-after-mixing.

[0083] In Comparative Example 4, the active components were added after cooling and before conditioning and granulation. The retention rates of cellulase, xylanase, and viable bacteria all decreased, indicating that the heat and mechanical extrusion during conditioning and granulation can affect enzyme preparations and probiotics.

[0084] Experimental Example 5 This experimental example aims to evaluate the effects of the feed of the present invention on feed intake, growth, rumination behavior, rumen pH and fiber digestion in fattening cattle under actual feeding conditions.

[0085] Thirty-two healthy fattening cattle of similar weight were randomly divided into four groups and fed pelleted feeds according to Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 3, and Comparative Example 5, respectively. The experiment included a 10-day pre-trial period and a 56-day main trial period. During the experiment, all groups were kept under the same feeding and management conditions, with free access to water and regular feeding at set times each day. Daily feed intake was recorded for each group during the main trial period, and weight was measured at the beginning and end of the experiment to calculate the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Rumination time was recorded using a neck rumination monitoring device, and rumen pH was measured using a rumen fluid collection and detection device. The average rumen pH and the duration of pH < 5.8 were recorded. Fecal samples were collected continuously for three days, and the NDF and starch content in the feces were measured after mixing. The apparent digestibility of fecal NDF was calculated. The results are shown in Table 5. Figure 5 As shown.

[0086] Table 5

[0087] From Table 5 and Figure 5 The data showed that, compared with the other control groups, the feed intake of the Example 1 group was less different, but the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were better, indicating that the nutrient utilization efficiency of the feed obtained in Example 1 was higher when the feed intake was similar.

[0088] From the perspective of rumination behavior, the rumination time of the first group was 421 min / d, while that of the first group was 308 min / d. The content of physically effective fiber was lower, which corresponds to the decrease in peNDF in the first experimental example. This indicates that the control of coarse fiber particle size has a direct impact on maintaining rumination behavior.

[0089] Based on rumen pH, the average rumen pH of Example 1 was 6.18, and the duration of pH < 5.8 was 1.05 h / d. The average rumen pH of Comparative Examples 1 and 5 were 5.88 and 5.82, respectively, and the duration of pH < 5.8 was 3.25 h / d and 4.10 h / d, respectively. Combined with Experiment 2, it can be seen that Comparative Examples 1 and 5 had a higher early fermentation rate and concentrated acid load, which resulted in a longer duration of low pH under animal feeding conditions.

[0090] The rumination time of Comparative Example 3 was 397 min / d, which is close to that of Example 1. However, the average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, average rumen pH, and apparent digestibility of fecal NDF were all lower than those of Example 1. This indicates that even if the physical structure of crude fiber is well preserved, if the RDP / RUP and RDS / RDP ratios are not controlled, the rumen microbial utilization efficiency may still be affected due to the asynchronous release of carbon and nitrogen.

[0091] In Example 1, the apparent NDF digestibility of feces was 58.6%, which was higher than that of the comparative examples. The feces of Comparative Examples 1 and 5 had a lower starch content, but their apparent NDF digestibility and rumen pH were also lower. This indicates that rapid utilization of starch does not necessarily lead to an improvement in overall nutrient utilization efficiency. When rapid fermentation causes a decrease in rumen pH, the fiber degradation process may be affected.

[0092] The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content described above. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the technical concept of this invention, and all such modifications and variations should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A ruminant feed for cattle that combines high-efficiency nutrition and health regulation, characterized in that, By weight, the mixture comprises 20.5-25.4 parts corn, 10-11 parts wheat bran, 7-8 parts soybean meal, 7-8 parts corn germ meal, 12-15 parts alfalfa hay pellets, 12-15 parts pretreated soybean straw, 10-12 parts pretreated peanut vines, 4-5 parts a mixture of heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten meal, 2-3 parts soybean hulls, 1-3 parts molasses, 0.7-1 part oil, 0.8-1.2 parts sodium bicarbonate, 0.25-0.4 parts magnesium oxide, 0.35-0.6 parts calcium carbonate, 0.25-0.5 parts yeast culture, 0.15-0.3 parts salt, 0.8-1.2 parts mineral and vitamin premix, and 0.2-1 parts of cooled active ingredients, totaling 100 parts. The total amount of alfalfa pellets, pretreated soybean straw and pretreated peanut vines is 34-42 parts; the total amount of sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture and salt is 1.8-2 parts. The pretreated soybean straw and pretreated peanut vines are obtained by coarsely crushing soybean straw and peanut vines and then enzymatically pretreating them. After coarse crushing, the portion of soybean straw and peanut vines with a particle size of 3-8mm accounts for 60-80%, the portion with a particle size of less than 1mm is no more than 20%, and the portion with a particle size of more than 12mm is no more than 10%. The particle size D50 of the corn after crushing is 1.0-2.2 mm, and the proportion of corn flour with a particle size less than 0.5 mm is no more than 25%. The feed contains 28-38% neutral detergent fiber, 18-26% starch, 58.2-63.5% rumen-degradable protein, 36.5-41.8% rumen-protected protein, and a mass ratio of rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein of 2.55:1-3.28:

1. The starch gelatinization degree of the finished pellets is 22.8-25.1%. The finished granules retain a 3-8mm fiber fragment retention rate of no less than 61.5% after disintegration, and the content of physically effective neutral detergent fiber is no less than 18.2%. The active ingredients added after cooling are added and distributed on the surface of the finished granules after cooling.

2. The ruminant feed for cattle breeding that combines high-efficiency nutrition and health regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreated soybean straw and pretreated peanut vines are obtained by mixing soybean straw and peanut vines at a weight ratio of 1:0.6-1.4 and then treating them with a compound pretreatment solution, which is composed of water, molasses, cellulase, xylanase and β-glucanase. The amount of molasses used is 1-3% of the weight of the crude fiber mixture formed from soybean straw and peanut vines. The amount of cellulase used is 500-2000 U / kg, the amount of xylanase used is 1000-4000 U / kg, the amount of β-glucanase used is 200-800 U / kg, and the moisture content of the crude fiber mixture after enzymatic pretreatment is 18-28%.

3. The ruminant feed for cattle breeding that combines high-efficiency nutrition and health regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active components added after cooling include cellulase, xylanase, Bacillus subtilis, yeast cell wall, plant-derived active substances, and carrier liquid. The plant-derived active substances are one or a combination of licorice extract and astragalus polysaccharide. The carrier liquid is one or a combination of oil and molasses dilution.

4. The ruminant feed for cattle breeding that combines high-efficiency nutrition and health regulation according to claim 5, characterized in that: Based on finished feed, the cellulase activity is 500-1500 U / kg, the xylanase activity is 1000-3000 U / kg, and the Bacillus subtilis viable count is 1×10⁻⁶. 6 -1×10 7 The concentration of CFU / g is 0.05-0.3% for yeast cell wall, 0.02-0.15% for plant-derived active substances, and 0.2-0.8% for carrier liquid.

5. A ruminant feed for cattle breeding that combines high-efficiency nutrition and health regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed contains 13.0-16.5% crude protein, has a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 1.6:1-2.3:1, and has a finished product moisture content of no more than 12.5%.

6. A method for preparing a ruminant feed for cattle breeding that combines high-efficiency nutrition and health regulation as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Corn, soybean meal, corn germ meal, and wheat bran are used as a concentrate feed stream for grinding. The particle size D50 of the ground corn is 1.0-2.2 mm, and the proportion of corn flour with a particle size smaller than 0.5 mm is no more than 25%. Soybean straw and peanut vines are used as a coarse fiber feed stream for coarse grinding, so that the portion with a particle size of 3-8 mm accounts for 60-80%, the portion with a particle size smaller than 1 mm is no more than 20%, and the portion with a particle size larger than 12 mm is no more than 10%. S2: Mix soybean straw and peanut vines, spray with a composite pretreatment solution consisting of water, molasses, cellulase, xylanase and β-glucanase, so that the moisture content reaches 18-28%, and then let it stand in a sealed container at 25-38℃ for 4-16 hours to obtain pretreated coarse fiber material. S3: The crushed corn, bran, soybean meal and corn germ meal, alfalfa hay pellets, pretreated crude fiber material, protein mixture composed of heat-treated soybean meal and corn protein powder, soybean hulls, molasses, oil, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture, salt and mineral vitamin premix are separately measured and sent to the mixer for segmented mixing. S4: The segmented mixed material is fed into a conditioner for conditioning at a temperature of 62-75℃ for 20-60 seconds. The moisture content of the material after conditioning is 14-17%. The conditioned material is then fed into a granulator for granulation to obtain granules. S5: Cool the particles obtained in step S4 to 35-42°C and reduce the moisture content to no more than 12.5%. Then add the cooled active component to the cooled particles so that the cooled active component is distributed on the surface of the particles. S6: After adding the active ingredients and cooling the pellets, the pellets are screened, metered and packaged to obtain the finished ruminant feed pellets for cattle.

7. The method for preparing a ruminant feed for cattle breeding that combines high-efficiency nutrition and health regulation according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the segmented mixing includes: first, adding the pretreated coarse fiber material, alfalfa hay pellets and soybean hulls into a mixer and mixing for 60-120 seconds; then adding corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, corn germ meal and a protein mixture composed of heat-treated soybean meal and corn gluten powder, and continuing to mix for 90-180 seconds; finally, adding sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, yeast culture, salt, mineral and vitamin premix, molasses and oil, and continuing to mix for 90-180 seconds. After mixing, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the mixing uniformity is not higher than 7%.

8. The method for preparing a ruminant feed for cattle breeding that combines high-efficiency nutrition and health regulation according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the diameter of the ring die of the pellet mill is 6-10 mm, the length of the resulting pellets is 10-25 mm, and the starch gelatinization degree of the resulting pellets is 15-35%.

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