A molasses composite bran ruminant fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a molasses composite bran ruminant fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof. The fermentation feed is prepared through anaerobic solid fermentation of a fermentation base material, baking soda and composite fermentation bacteria; the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50-70% of soybean molasses, 10-20% of corn fiber, 10-20% of millet bran and 10-20% of corn powder; the composite fermentation bacteria are composed of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and saccharomyces cerevisiae. The application adsorbs and fixes high proportion soybean molasses through a double coarse fiber carrier composed of corn fiber and millet bran, solves the problem of strong flowability of molasses and difficulty in storage and transportation, and avoids the risk of rumen acidosis of ruminants caused by high sugar diet; through ternary composite bacteria synergistic anaerobic fermentation, coarse fiber is effectively degraded, high sugar acidity is buffered, and the survival rate of live bacteria is improved. The obtained fermentation feed is excellent in nutritional quality, stable in storage, good in palatability and suitable for ruminants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ruminant feed processing technology, specifically to a molasses-based bran-based fermented ruminant feed and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Soybean molasses is a byproduct of the alcohol-based production of soy protein concentrate (SPC). It is a brownish-red viscous syrup produced through low-temperature vacuum concentration, rich in soluble sugars, small peptides, amino acids, soy isoflavones, soy saponins, and B vitamins, among other functional active substances. It is a high-quality carbon source for fermented feed. my country produces 70-80 million tons of soybean meal annually, with each ton of defatted soybean meal yielding 240-260 kg of soybean molasses, resulting in an annual output of 15-20 million tons. In addition, approximately 300,000 tons of soy protein concentrate are produced annually, with about 0.5 tons of soybean molasses produced per ton of soy protein concentrate, resulting in an annual output of about 150,000 tons. However, the utilization of this valuable resource in feed production faces numerous challenges.

[0003] First, soybean molasses has high viscosity and high fluidity, making it difficult to store and transport alone. It easily solidifies in winter and requires insulated storage or dilution before use. Second, its high moisture content makes it highly susceptible to fermentation and spoilage in summer, resulting in a short storage period. More importantly, soybean molasses has an extremely high sugar content, and direct feeding to ruminants can easily lead to rumen lactic acid buildup and acidosis, seriously endangering animal health. Traditional molasses fermented feeds often use pure corn flour as a carrier, resulting in high raw material costs and a lack of coarse fiber to buffer acidity. Single-strain fermentation can only degrade a small amount of fiber and cannot simultaneously buffer high sugar and acidity, leading to rapid loss of live bacteria in the fermented product and a short shelf life. In addition, the molasses content in similar commercially available molasses fermented feeds is usually less than 50%, resulting in limited palatability and failing to fully utilize inexpensive soybean molasses to reduce breeding costs.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a fermented feed for ruminants that can efficiently utilize a high proportion of soybean molasses and has good storage stability and feeding safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a molasses-based bran-based fermented ruminant feed and its preparation method. The feed uses a dual coarse fiber carrier composed of corn fiber and millet bran to adsorb and fix soybean molasses, solving the problems of molasses' high fluidity, difficulty in storage and transportation, and the risk of rumen acidosis in ruminants from high-sugar diets. Simultaneously, a ternary compound microbial agent composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used for synergistic anaerobic fermentation, effectively degrading coarse fiber, buffering high sugar and acidity, and improving the survival rate of live bacteria. This results in fermented feed with good nutritional quality, storage stability, and feeding safety.

[0006] The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a molasses-based bran-based fermented ruminant feed, comprising the following raw materials by weight percentage: 100 parts fermented base material, 0.3-1 part baking soda, and 0.2-0.5 parts compound fermentation bacteria; The fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage: 50-70% soybean molasses, 10-20% corn fiber, 10-20% millet bran, and 10-20% corn flour.

[0007] Furthermore, the soybean molasses is a byproduct of the alcohol-based production of soybean protein concentrate. It is a dark brown, uniform, viscous liquid with a pH of 5.0–6.0, a moisture content of 45%–50%, and a density of 1.22–1.28 g / mL. On a dry matter basis, the soybean molasses contains: total sugar ≥55%, including sucrose 15%–20%, monosaccharides 5%–10%, soybean oligosaccharides 15%–20%, crude protein 8%–10%, soybean isoflavones 2%–4%, soybean saponins 10%–15%, crude ash 4%–7%, and crude fat 3%–6%.

[0008] Furthermore, the compound fermentation bacteria consist of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0009] Furthermore, the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is not less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Bacillus licheniformis* is not less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the viable count of the brewing yeast is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g.

[0010] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a molasses-based bran-based ruminant fermented feed as described in any of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: S1, Premixed solid carrier Add corn fiber, millet bran, and corn flour to a mixer and stir for 30–50 minutes until evenly mixed to obtain a solid carrier mixture; S2, diluted compound fermentation bacteria Dissolve the compound fermentation bacteria in warm water at 30-38℃ to obtain a bacterial solution. Spray the bacterial solution into the solid carrier mixture and stir continuously until well mixed. S3, Mixed Soy Molasses Pump soybean molasses into the material obtained in step S2, add baking soda, and continue stirring until the material is evenly mixed to obtain fermented material; S4, Sealed Anaerobic Fermentation The fermented material obtained from S3 is placed into a seepage-proof fermentation bag and anaerobically fermented at 20-35℃. After fermentation, the fermented feed product is obtained.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, the mixer is a horizontal mixer with a stirring speed of 20–50 r / min.

[0012] Furthermore, the anaerobic fermentation time in step S4 is 36-60 hours.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention utilizes a dual coarse fiber carrier system composed of corn fiber and millet bran to effectively adsorb and fix a high proportion of soybean molasses using its porous structure, thus solving the problems of molasses storage and transportation. At the same time, the coarse fiber plays a physical buffering role in the rumen, avoiding the risk of lactic acid accumulation and acidosis caused by high-sugar diets, thereby improving feeding safety.

[0014] 2. This invention uses a ternary compound microbial agent composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for synergistic anaerobic fermentation. Bacillus subtilis secretes cellulase to effectively degrade crude fiber and release small molecule nutrients, while yeast metabolizes to produce organic acids and buffers the acidity of the system. The synergistic effect of the three significantly improves the crude protein content and digestibility, while maintaining a high total number of viable bacteria. At the same time, the appropriate addition of baking soda further stabilizes the pH environment of the fermentation system, ensuring the stability of the fermentation process.

[0015] 3. This invention uses soybean molasses, corn fiber, millet bran, corn flour and other grain and oil processing by-products as raw materials. The raw materials are widely available and inexpensive, realizing the high-value utilization of soybean processing by-products and reducing the production cost of fermented feed.

[0016] 4. The fermented feed prepared by this invention maintains a stable pH value, high viable bacteria retention rate, and no mold or putrefaction during 180 days of sealed storage at room temperature, exhibiting excellent storage performance. When fed to beef cattle and sheep, it significantly improves daily weight gain and feed intake, reduces feed conversion ratio and diarrhea rate, and has good palatability and feeding effect. It is suitable for ruminants such as breeding cows, fattening cattle, breeding ewes, fattening sheep, cashmere goats, and dairy goats. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of this invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. Experimental methods in the following embodiments that do not specify specific conditions are generally performed under conventional conditions or as recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise stated, percentages and parts are weight percentages and parts by weight.

[0018] Unless otherwise specified, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It should be noted that the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of this application. Example 1

[0019] This embodiment provides a molasses-based compound bran ruminant fermented feed, with the following weights of raw materials: 650 kg soybean molasses, 150 kg corn fiber, 100 kg millet bran, 100 kg corn flour, 6 kg baking soda, and 3.5 kg compound fermentation bacteria; The compound fermentation bacteria consist of Bacillus subtilis (with a viable count of 5 × 10⁻⁶). 8 CFU / g), Bacillus licheniformis (viable count 5×10⁻⁶) 8 CFU / g) and brewer's yeast (live count of 1×10⁻⁶) 9 The mixture (CFU / g) is prepared by mixing in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0020] This embodiment provides a method for preparing molasses-based bran-based ruminant fermented feed, including the following steps: S1, Premixed solid carrier Corn fiber, millet bran, and corn flour are put into a horizontal mixer and stirred at 35 r / min for 40 min until they are evenly mixed to obtain a solid carrier mixture. S2, diluted compound fermentation bacteria Dissolve the compound fermentation bacteria in warm water at 35℃ to obtain a bacterial solution. Spray the bacterial solution into the solid carrier mixture in small amounts multiple times and mix thoroughly. S3, Mixed Soy Molasses Pump soybean molasses into the material obtained in step S2 in one go, add baking soda, and stir continuously for 150 minutes until the material is mixed evenly and there is no free molasses, thus obtaining fermented material; S4, Sealed Anaerobic Fermentation The fermented material obtained in step S3 is placed into a multi-layer composite seepage-proof fermentation bag, the air is vented and sealed, and anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 48 hours at a temperature of 28℃ and a relative humidity of ≤80%. After fermentation, the fermented feed product is obtained. Example 2

[0021] This embodiment provides a molasses-based compound bran ruminant fermented feed, with the following weights of raw materials: 500 kg soybean molasses, 200 kg corn fiber, 200 kg millet bran, 100 kg corn flour, 3 kg baking soda, and 2 kg compound fermentation bacteria; The compound fermentation bacteria consist of Bacillus subtilis (viable count of 6 × 10⁻⁶). 8CFU / g), Bacillus licheniformis (viable count 6×10⁻⁶) 8 CFU / g) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (live count of 1.2 × 10⁻⁶) 9 The mixture (CFU / g) is prepared by mixing in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0022] This embodiment provides a method for preparing molasses-based bran-based ruminant fermented feed, which is consistent with the preparation method provided in Example 1. Example 3

[0023] This embodiment provides a molasses-based compound bran ruminant fermented feed, with the following weights of raw materials: 700 kg soybean molasses, 100 kg corn fiber, 100 kg millet bran, 100 kg corn flour, 10 kg baking soda, and 5 kg compound fermentation bacteria. The compound fermentation bacteria consist of Bacillus subtilis (with a viable count of 5.5 × 10⁻⁶). 8 CFU / g), Bacillus licheniformis (viable count 5.5 × 10⁻⁶) 8 CFU / g) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (live count of 1.1 × 10⁻⁶) 9 The mixture (CFU / g) is prepared by mixing in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0024] This embodiment provides a method for preparing molasses-based bran-based ruminant fermented feed, which is consistent with the preparation method provided in Example 1.

[0025] Comparative Example 1 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that corn fiber and millet bran are not added, but replaced with an equal amount of corn flour. That is, the weights of each raw material are: 650 kg of soybean molasses, 350 kg of corn flour, 6 kg of baking soda, and 3.5 kg of compound fermentation bacteria; the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0026] Comparative Example 2 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that millet bran is not added, and an equal amount of corn flour is used instead. That is, the weight of each raw material is: 650 kg of soybean molasses, 150 kg of corn fiber, 200 kg of corn flour, 6 kg of baking soda, and 3.5 kg of compound fermentation bacteria; the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0027] Comparative Example 3 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the compound fermentation bacteria consist of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis in a mass ratio of 1:1, without the addition of brewer's yeast, and the total amount added is still 3.5 kg; the preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0028] Comparative Example 4 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of soybean molasses added is reduced and replaced with an equal amount of corn flour. That is, the weight of each raw material is: 400 kg of soybean molasses, 150 kg of corn fiber, 100 kg of millet bran, 350 kg of corn flour, 6 kg of baking soda, and 3.5 kg of compound fermentation bacteria; the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0029] Comparative Example 5 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that baking soda is not added, and the weights of each raw material are: 650 kg of soybean molasses, 150 kg of corn fiber, 100 kg of millet bran, 100 kg of corn flour, and 3.5 kg of compound fermentation bacteria; the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0030] Experimental Example 1: Nutritional Analysis of Fermented Feed The fermented feeds prepared in the examples and comparative examples were subjected to... Crude protein content (%): Tested according to GB / T 6432-2018 "Determination of Crude Protein in Feed"; Crude fiber content (%): Tested according to GB / T 6434-2006 "Determination of crude fiber content in feed"; Total acid content (g / kg): Tested according to GB / T 22141-2008 "Determination of Organic Acids in Feed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography"; Total viable count (CFU / g): The sample was serially diluted 10-fold with sterile physiological saline. The appropriate dilution was plated on the surface of PCA medium, with 3 replicates for each dilution. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 h. The total number of viable bacteria per gram of sample was calculated by plate counting.

[0031] Table 1. Nutritional Analysis Results of Fermented Feed

[0032] As shown in Table 1, the crude protein content of Examples 1-3 was significantly higher than that of the comparative examples, and the total acid content and total viable bacteria count were also significantly better than those of the comparative examples. Comparative Example 1 lacked a crude fiber carrier, resulting in insufficient looseness and permeability of the fermentation substrate, leading to incomplete degradation of crude fiber and a low total viable bacteria count. Comparative Example 3 lacked brewer's yeast, resulting in a significant decrease in total acid production and viable bacteria retention rate. Comparative Example 4 had insufficient molasses addition, resulting in lower total acid content and total viable bacteria count than the examples. Comparative Example 5 lacked sodium bicarbonate, resulting in insufficient pH buffering capacity and limited total acid accumulation. The fermented feed prepared in the examples of this invention has significant advantages in both nutritional quality and fermentation quality.

[0033] Test Example 2: Storage Stability Test The fermented feed products prepared in the examples and comparative examples were stored at room temperature (25±2℃) under sealed conditions. Samples were taken at 0 days, 90 days and 180 days of storage to determine the pH value, total number of viable bacteria and sensory quality (moldy, putrid odor). Three parallel samples were set up for each sample and the average value was taken.

[0034] Table 2 Storage stability test results

[0035] Table 2 shows that the fermented feed prepared in the examples maintained a stable pH value during the 180-day storage period. Although the total viable bacteria count decreased slightly, it remained at a high level. The sensory quality was normal, with no mold or putrid odor. In contrast, the pH values ​​of all comparative examples showed an upward trend during storage, and the decrease in the total viable bacteria count was significantly greater than that of the examples. After 90 days of storage, varying degrees of abnormal odor appeared, and by 180 days, mold or putrid odor had developed in all of them. The results indicate that this invention, through the effective adsorption of molasses by corn fiber and millet bran dual coarse fiber carriers and the synergistic fermentation of compound microorganisms to produce acid, forms a stable acidification system, significantly improving the storage stability of the fermented feed and extending its shelf life.

[0036] Experimental Example 3: Feeding Trial for Beef Cattle and Sheep Following the guidelines of NY / T 815-2004 "Standards for Beef Cattle Feeding," 90 14-month-old Simmental crossbred fattening bulls with similar body weights (380±20 kg) and good health were randomly divided into 9 groups of 10 bulls each. The control group was fed a basal diet (35% corn stalks, 28% corn, 18% soybean meal, 12% wheat bran, and 7% premix). Each experimental group received 12% of the corresponding fermented feed prepared in the examples and comparatives, replacing an equal amount of corn stalks, in addition to their basal diet. The pre-feeding period was 10 days, and the trial period was 90 days. Bulls were fed three times daily (06:00, 13:00, and 19:00) with free access to feed and water. Feed intake was recorded daily during the experiment. At the beginning and end of the experiment, bulls were weighed on an empty stomach before morning feeding to calculate initial weight (kg), final weight (kg), daily weight gain (kg / d), daily feed intake (kg / d), feed conversion ratio, and diarrhea rate (%).

[0037] Table 3 Results of the beef cattle feeding trial

[0038] Referring to NY / T 816-2021 "Nutritional Requirements for Meat Sheep", 90 4-month-old male Huanghuai meat sheep with similar body weight (25.0±2.0 kg) and good health were randomly divided into 9 groups of 10 sheep each. The control group was fed a basal diet (40% corn stalks, 25% corn, 18% soybean meal, 10% wheat bran, 5% premix, and 2% salt). Each experimental group had 8% of the corresponding fermented feed prepared in the example and comparative examples added to their basal diet, replacing an equal amount of corn stalks. The pre-feeding period was 10 days, and the formal trial period was 60 days. Feeding was done twice daily (08:00 and 17:00), with free access to feed and water, ensuring that there was a slight amount of feed left in the trough. The troughs were cleaned and the sheep were weighed and the amount of feed given was recorded before each morning feed. The experimental sheep were housed in elevated sheep pens, with 3 sheep per pen, and automatic waterers provided water throughout the day. Feed intake was recorded daily during the experiment. Fasting weight was measured before morning feeding at the beginning and end of the experiment. Initial weight (kg), final weight (kg), daily weight gain (g / d), daily feed intake (kg / d), feed conversion ratio, and diarrhea rate (%) were calculated.

[0039] Table 4 Results of the feeding trial for meat sheep

[0040] As shown in Tables 3 and 4, compared with the control group, the final weight, daily weight gain, and daily feed intake of beef cattle and sheep were all increased in each example group, while the feed conversion ratio and diarrhea rate were decreased. Comparative Example 1, lacking a crude fiber carrier, had insufficient looseness and aeration of the fermentation substrate, resulting in a low total viable count and little difference in weight gain compared to the control group. Comparative Example 2, containing only a single crude fiber carrier, had insufficient fermentation efficiency and nutritional quality, resulting in a weaker weight gain than the examples. Comparative Example 3, lacking brewer's yeast, had significantly reduced total acid content and viable bacteria retention rate, limiting its growth-promoting effect. Comparative Example 4, with insufficient molasses addition and incomplete fermentation, had a lower daily weight gain. Comparative Example 5, although having a higher viable bacteria count, had an unstable pH due to the absence of sodium bicarbonate buffering, resulting in a higher diarrhea rate than the examples. The results indicate that the fermented feed prepared in this invention can significantly improve the growth performance and intestinal health of ruminants, increase feed conversion efficiency, reduce diarrhea incidence, and has good applicability to different types of ruminants.

[0041] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A molasses-based bran-based ruminant fermented feed, characterized in that, Includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts fermented base material, 0.3-1 part baking soda, and 0.2-0.5 parts compound fermentation bacteria; The fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage: 50-70% soybean molasses, 10-20% corn fiber, 10-20% millet bran, and 10-20% corn flour.

2. The molasses-based bran-based ruminant fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound fermentation bacteria consist of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

3. The molasses-based bran-based ruminant fermented feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is not less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Bacillus licheniformis* is not less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the viable count of the brewing yeast is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g.

4. The method for preparing a molasses-based bran-based ruminant fermented feed according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Premixed solid carrier Add corn fiber, millet bran, and corn flour to a mixer and stir for 30–50 minutes until evenly mixed to obtain a solid carrier mixture; S2, diluted compound fermentation bacteria Dissolve the compound fermentation bacteria in warm water at 30-38℃ to obtain a bacterial solution. Spray the bacterial solution into the solid carrier mixture and stir continuously until well mixed. S3, Mixed Soy Molasses Pump soybean molasses into the material obtained in step S2, add baking soda, and continue stirring until the material is evenly mixed to obtain fermented material; S4, Sealed Anaerobic Fermentation The fermented material obtained from S3 is placed into a seepage-proof fermentation bag and anaerobically fermented at 20-35℃. After fermentation, the fermented feed product is obtained.

5. The method for preparing a molasses-based bran-based ruminant fermented feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S1, the mixer is a horizontal mixer with a stirring speed of 20-50 r / min.

6. The method for preparing a molasses-based compound bran ruminant fermented feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The anaerobic fermentation time in step S4 is 36-60 hours.

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