Low-soybean-meal poultry feed and method for preparing the same

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a low-soybean-meal poultry feed and a preparation method thereof. The present application takes corn and soybean meal as basic raw materials, and combines fermented bran, synthetic amino acid, coated amino acid and small peptides to form a nutrition system. By reducing the proportion of soybean meal and introducing fermentation treatment and multi-level amino acid supplementation, the palatability and digestibility of raw materials can be improved, and the negative effects of amino acid imbalance and anti-nutritional factors in low-soybean-meal diets can be alleviated. Among them, the synthetic amino acid is used to make up for the limiting amino acid, the coated amino acid can realize slow-release supply, and the small peptides are used to promote rapid absorption and intestinal health, and the three have a synergistic effect, so as to improve the feed intake, daily weight gain of poultry and reduce the feed conversion ratio. The experimental results preliminarily prove that the poultry feed prepared by the present application has replaceability in growth performance and feed conversion efficiency compared with the high-soybean-meal scheme, and has good application prospect and popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of poultry feed technology, specifically relating to a low soybean meal poultry feed and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing scarcity of feed resources, fluctuations in soybean meal prices, and the growing demand for cost reduction and efficiency improvement in livestock and poultry farming, low-protein, low-soybean meal, and low-anti-nutritional-factor poultry feed formulations have gradually become a focus of industry research. Traditional poultry feeds typically use corn and soybean meal as the main energy and protein sources. Although this type of formulation has a relatively stable nutritional basis, it suffers from problems such as high soybean meal consumption, a single protein source, high nitrogen emissions, and raw material costs being significantly affected by market fluctuations. Especially when protein raw material prices rise or the supply of high-quality soybean meal is insufficient, the economic viability and sustainability of traditional high-soybean meal formulations are further limited.

[0003] Mixed oilseed meals are widely available and relatively inexpensive, possessing certain protein nutritional value and serving as a protein alternative to soybean meal. However, they typically contain numerous anti-nutritional factors, such as crude fiber, phytic acid, tannins, gossypol, glucosinolates, and non-starch polysaccharides. Direct application in large quantities to poultry feed can easily lead to decreased palatability, reduced nutrient digestibility, increased intestinal burden, and decreased production performance. Microbial fermentation can, to some extent, degrade anti-nutritional factors in mixed oilseed meals, increase the content of small peptides and soluble proteins, improve the flavor and palatability of the feed, and promote intestinal health in poultry. Using fermented mixed oilseed meals in low-soybean meal poultry feed can reduce soybean meal usage and lower feed costs. However, relying solely on fermented mixed oilseed meals to replace soybean meal may still result in problems such as insufficient amino acid balance, asynchronous amino acid release, and insufficient effective supply in the later stages.

[0004] Currently, synthetic amino acids are used in poultry nutrition, but not only must the total amount of amino acids meet the requirements, but the release rate must also match the digestion, absorption, and metabolic processes. The following problems still exist: 1. Traditional free synthetic amino acids dissolve and release quickly, rapidly supplementing limiting amino acids, but their duration of effect is relatively short; 2. Coated synthetic amino acids can achieve slow release through the coating layer, but their early effects are relatively insufficient; 3. Small peptides can be gradually broken down and absorbed in the digestive tract, providing a continuous supply, but when used alone, they are difficult to rapidly increase the level of effective amino acids. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects in the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a low soybean meal poultry feed and its preparation method, so as to solve the problem that the existing low soybean meal diets still have the problem of insufficient amino acid supply and low utilization efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A low-soybean meal poultry feed, by weight, totaling 100 parts, specifically includes 45-68 parts corn, 2-10 parts soybean meal, 8-22 parts fermented mixed meals, 0.9-9 parts compound amino acids, 1-6 parts oil, 0.8-10 parts limestone powder, 0.5-2.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.15-0.45 parts salt, 0.02-0.5 parts compound enzyme preparation, 0.05-0.5 parts acidifier, 0.01-0.4 parts probiotic preparation, 0.02-0.5 parts vitamin premix, 0.05-0.5 parts trace element premix, with the remainder being energy and protein; The complex amino acid comprises synthetic amino acids and small peptides, wherein the synthetic amino acids include coated synthetic amino acids and free synthetic amino acids; the mass ratio of the free synthetic amino acids, coated synthetic amino acids and small peptides is (1~4):(2~5):(2~6).

[0007] Preferably, the synthetic amino acids include lysine, methionine, cysteine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, arginine, glycine, and serine; by mass ratio, the ratio of lysine:methionine + cysteine:threonine:tryptophan:valine:isoleucine:arginine:glycine + serine is 100:(70~82):(60~74):(16~23):(72~86):(60~76):(100~125):(130~180).

[0008] Preferably, the small peptide protein is one or more of the following: soybean peptide, corn peptide, rapeseed peptide, cottonseed peptide, peanut peptide, yeast hydrolysate, fish protein peptide, and plasma protein peptide in any proportion.

[0009] Preferably, the total amount by weight is 100 parts, and the fermented meal includes 25-45 parts rapeseed meal, 15-35 parts cottonseed meal, 10-30 parts sunflower meal, 5-20 parts DDGS, 1-15 parts corn husk, and 0.1-2 parts compound microbial strain; the compound microbial strain is two or more of Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in any proportion.

[0010] Preferably, the probiotics are one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in any proportion. The compound enzyme preparation includes two or more of the following: protease, phytase, xylanase, β-mannanase, cellulase, and β-glucanase, in any proportion. The vitamin premix includes one or more of the following in any proportion: vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, vitamin C, choline chloride, and inositol. The trace element premix includes one or more of ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate, and sodium selenite in any proportion. The acidifying agent includes one or more of formic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, sodium butyrate, and glyceryl butyrate in any proportion; The energy protein is one or more of wheat bran, rice bran, wheat middlings, corn gluten meal, DDGS, and corn germ meal in any proportion.

[0011] A method for preparing a low-soybean meal poultry feed as described above includes the following steps: S1. Corn, soybean meal, fermented miscellaneous meal and energy protein are pretreated, crushed and sieved to obtain corn flour, soybean meal flour, fermented miscellaneous meal powder and energy protein powder; S2. Mix the free synthetic amino acids, coated synthetic amino acids and small peptide protein to obtain a complex amino acid; S3. Mix the compound amino acids, stone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, acidifier, vitamin premix and trace element premix to obtain mixture A; S4. Add corn, soybean meal, fermented miscellaneous meals, and the remaining energy and protein into a mixing device and mix. Then add the mixture A prepared in step S3 to obtain mixture B. S5. Spray grease into the above mixture B, and after spraying, cool it to below 40°C to obtain mixture C; S6. The compound enzyme preparation and probiotic preparation are added to the mixture C described in step S5 by spraying and mixed evenly to obtain low soybean meal poultry feed.

[0012] Preferably, the specific preparation method of the fermented meal in step S1 is as follows: S101. Crush rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal and DDGS to 20-60 mesh and mix them to obtain mixed meal matrix A; S102. Add distilled water to the mixed meal matrix A to obtain mixed meal matrix B with a moisture content of 35%~48%; S103. Inoculate the above-mentioned mixed meal substrate B with compound microbial strains to obtain pretreated fermented mixed meal; S104. The pretreated fermented meal is dried at a low temperature of 45~65℃ and sieved to obtain fermented meal with a moisture content of ≤12%.

[0013] Preferably, the pre-treatment fermentation of the meal in step S103 is divided into two fermentation steps: (1) First, inoculate strain A into the mixed meal substrate B and aerobic ferment at 28~38℃ for 24~48h to complete the first step of fermentation; strain A is one of Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis or two of them in any proportion; (2) Based on the first step of fermentation, inoculate strain B and ferment facultatively at 30~40℃ for 24~72h to obtain pretreated fermented meal; strain B is Lactobacillus plantarum or Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the mass ratio of strain B to strain A in step (1) is 7:3.

[0014] Preferably, the specific preparation method of the complex amino acid in step S2 is as follows: S201. The synthetic amino acids are crushed, sieved and dried to obtain free synthetic amino acids with a particle size of 40~120 mesh. S202. Using synthetic amino acids as the core material, and hydrogenated vegetable oil, stearic acid, glyceryl monostearate, ethyl cellulose or a combination thereof as the coating material, the mixture is melt-coated at 50~90℃; the mass ratio of the core material to the coating material is 100:(10~40), to obtain coated synthetic amino acids with a particle size of 0.3~1.5mm. S203. Premix the synthetic amino acids and small peptides for 5-15 minutes, then add the coated synthetic amino acids and mix at 5-40 rpm for 5-20 minutes to obtain the complex amino acids.

[0015] Preferably, the spraying method in step S6 is as follows: first spray the compound enzyme preparation onto the cooled mixture C, and then spray the probiotic preparation.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) By combining free amino acids, coated amino acids, small peptide protein sources and standardized fermented miscellaneous meals, the supply of dietary amino acids is transformed from a single rapid release to a combination of rapid release, slow release and continuous release, thereby improving the synchronicity of amino acid absorption and nitrogen utilization efficiency in diets with low soybean meal.

[0017] (2) This invention replaces part of the soybean meal with fermented miscellaneous meal, reducing the amount of soybean meal required and thus helping to reduce dependence on soybean meal as a raw material, thereby lowering the formulation cost. It also improves the nutrient utilization rate of the miscellaneous meal; the anti-nutritional factors in the fermented miscellaneous meal are partially degraded by microbial fermentation, while the protein is broken down into small peptides, free amino acids, and soluble proteins, improving the digestibility and absorption rate of the miscellaneous meal protein by poultry.

[0018] (3) The present invention preferably uses a low-temperature spraying method to add compound enzyme preparations and probiotic preparations, avoiding the decrease in activity caused by high-temperature granulation or long-term mixing, and improving the effectiveness of functional additives in feed; the acidifier, probiotic preparations and compound enzyme preparations work synergistically to help improve the intestinal microecology and promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0020] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[0021] A low-soybean meal poultry feed, by weight, totaling 100 parts, specifically includes 45-68 parts corn, 2-10 parts soybean meal, 8-22 parts fermented mixed meals, 0.9-9 parts compound amino acids, 1-6 parts oil, 0.8-10 parts limestone powder, 0.5-2.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.15-0.45 parts salt, 0.02-0.5 parts compound enzyme preparation, 0.05-0.5 parts acidifier, 0.01-0.4 parts probiotic preparation, 0.02-0.5 parts vitamin premix, 0.05-0.5 parts trace element premix, with the remainder being energy and protein.

[0022] The composite amino acid is composed of synthetic amino acids, free synthetic amino acids, and small peptides in a mass ratio of (1~4):(2~5):(2~6). In some embodiments, the synthetic amino acids are ileal digested according to the SID standard, and the mass ratio of lysine:methionine and cysteine:threonine:tryptophan:valine:isoleucine:arginine:glycine and serine is 100:(70~82):(60~74):(16~23):(72~86):(60~76):(100~125):(130~180). Lysine, as the benchmark amino acid for ideal proteins, is mainly used to support muscle deposition and growth and development; methionine and cysteine, as sulfur-containing amino acids, are mainly involved in protein synthesis, methyl metabolism, feather formation, and antioxidant processes; threonine is mainly involved in the synthesis of intestinal mucosa and immune proteins; tryptophan is mainly involved in feeding regulation, neurotransmitter synthesis, and stress relief; valine and isoleucine are mainly involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism and muscle protein synthesis; arginine is mainly involved in nitric oxide metabolism, immune regulation, and growth promotion; glycine and serine are mainly involved in uric acid synthesis, one-carbon metabolism, collagen formation, and maintenance of intestinal health.

[0023] In some embodiments, the small peptide protein is one or more of the following: soybean peptide, corn peptide, rapeseed peptide, cottonseed peptide, peanut peptide, yeast hydrolysate, fish protein peptide, and plasma protein peptide, in any proportion.

[0024] The fermented miscellaneous meals, by weight, total 100 parts, specifically include 25-45 parts rapeseed meal, 15-35 parts cottonseed meal, 10-30 parts sunflower meal, 5-20 parts DDGS, 1-15 parts corn husks, and 0.1-2 parts compound microbial inoculum; The composite microbial strain is used for raw material fermentation to improve the fermentation process and increase nutrient utilization. In some embodiments, a composition of Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae, and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 4:3:3 is used. In other embodiments, a composition of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 7:3 or a composition of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 5:2:3 is used.

[0025] The probiotic preparation is used to regulate the intestinal microecological balance, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, and enhance the digestive and absorptive functions and immune function of poultry. In some embodiments, the probiotics are a composition of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus coagulans in a mass ratio of 4:3:3; in other embodiments, the probiotics are a composition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 6:4 or a composition of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a mass ratio of 5:3:2.

[0026] The compound enzyme preparation has a synergistic effect in degrading complex nutrient components and anti-nutritional factors in feed, which can improve feed palatability and digestibility, promote nutrient release and absorption, and help maintain intestinal microecological balance. In some embodiments, the compound enzyme preparation is a combination of protease and amylase in a mass ratio of 7:3; in other embodiments, it is a combination of xylanase, β-glucanase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 5:3:2 or a combination of protease, amylase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 4:3:3. Proteases are used to improve the protein utilization rate in fermented meal; phytase is used to release phosphorus and calcium to improve mineral content; xylanase, β-glucanase, β-mannanase and cellulase are mainly used to degrade non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), thereby improving intestinal viscosity and increasing digestibility and absorption.

[0027] The vitamin premix is ​​a commercially available poultry vitamin premix, including one or more of the following in any proportion: vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, vitamin C, choline chloride, and inositol. The vitamin premix is ​​used to supplement the vitamins required for poultry growth and maintain their normal metabolism, growth, and immune function. The trace element premix is ​​a commercially available poultry trace element premix, including one or more of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, iodine, and cobalt in any proportion; the trace element premix is ​​used to supplement essential trace elements and promote enzyme activity, metabolism, and antioxidant function.

[0028] The acidifier is one or more of formic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, sodium butyrate, and glyceryl butyrate in any proportion. The main purpose of adding an acidifier to poultry feed is to lower pH, inhibit bacteria, and improve the intestinal barrier. In some embodiments, the acidifier is sodium butyrate. In other embodiments, the acidifier is a mixture of formic acid and sodium butyrate in a mass ratio of 4:6 or a mixture of formic acid and citric acid in a mass ratio of 6:4.

[0029] The energy protein is one or more of wheat bran, rice bran, wheat middlings, corn gluten meal, DDGS, and corn germ meal in any proportion.

[0030] A method for preparing the low soybean meal poultry feed as described above includes the following steps: S1. Pre-treat corn, soybean meal, fermented mixed meal, and energy protein, then pulverize and sieve them to obtain corn flour, soybean meal powder, fermented mixed meal powder, and energy protein powder; the specific preparation method of the fermented mixed meal is as follows: S101. Crush rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal and DDGS to 20-60 mesh and mix them to obtain mixed meal matrix A; S102. Add distilled water to the mixed meal matrix A to obtain mixed meal matrix B with a moisture content of 35%~48%; S103. Inoculate the above-mentioned mixed meal substrate B with compound microbial inoculum to obtain pretreated fermented mixed meal; the pretreated fermented mixed meal is fermented in two steps: (1) First, inoculate strain A into the mixed meal substrate B and aerobic ferment at 28~38℃ for 24~48h to complete the first step of fermentation; strain A is one of Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis or two of them in any proportion; (2) Based on the first fermentation, inoculum B is added, and facultative anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 30~40℃ for 24~72h to obtain pretreated fermented meal; inoculum B is Lactobacillus plantarum or Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the mass ratio of inoculum B to inoculum A in step (1) is 7:3. The first stage is mainly based on Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae and / or Bacillus licheniformis, which utilize their ability to produce protease, amylase, cellulase and phytase to degrade macromolecular proteins, non-starch polysaccharides and anti-nutritional factors in the meal, forming usable small molecule peptides and soluble nutrients; the second stage is mainly based on Lactobacillus plantarum or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which further improves the flavor, stability and intestinal palatability of the fermented meal through acid production, antibacterial, aroma enhancement and metabolic regulation.

[0031] S104. The pretreated fermented meal is dried at a low temperature of 45~65℃ and sieved to obtain fermented meal with a moisture content of ≤12%.

[0032] S2. Mix the free synthetic amino acids, the coated synthetic amino acids, and the small peptide protein to obtain a composite amino acid; the specific preparation method of the composite amino acid is as follows: S201. The synthetic amino acids are crushed, sieved and dried to obtain free synthetic amino acids with a particle size of 40~120 mesh. S202. Using synthetic amino acids as the core material, and hydrogenated vegetable oil, stearic acid, glyceryl monostearate, ethyl cellulose or a combination thereof as the coating material, the mixture is melt-coated at 50~90℃; the mass ratio of the core material to the coating material is 100:(10~40), to obtain coated synthetic amino acids with a particle size of 0.3~1.5mm. S203. Premix the synthetic amino acids and small peptides for 5-15 minutes, then add the coated synthetic amino acids and mix at 5-40 rpm for 5-20 minutes to obtain the complex amino acids.

[0033] S3. Mix the compound amino acids, stone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, acidifier, vitamin premix and trace element premix to obtain mixture A; S4. Add corn, soybean meal, fermented miscellaneous meals, and the remaining energy and protein into a mixing device and mix. Then add the mixture A prepared in step S3 to obtain mixture B. S5. Spray grease into the above mixture B, and after spraying, cool it to below 40°C to obtain mixture C; S6. The compound enzyme preparation and probiotic preparation are added to the mixture C described in step S5 by spraying and mixed evenly to obtain low soybean meal poultry feed; the spraying method is as follows: the compound enzyme preparation is sprayed first into the cooled mixture C, and then the probiotic preparation is sprayed.

[0034] Application: The feed prepared above is applied to poultry, with chickens being an example in this invention.

[0035] Example 1 A low-soybean meal poultry feed, by weight, totaling 100 parts, specifically includes 58 parts corn, 6 parts soybean meal, 15 parts fermented mixed meals, 5 parts compound amino acids, 3 parts oil, 6 parts limestone powder, 1.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.3 parts salt, 0.12 parts compound enzyme preparation, 0.25 parts sodium butyrate, 0.3 parts probiotic preparation, 0.28 parts vitamin premix, 0.25 parts trace element premix, and the remainder being wheat bran.

[0036] The compound amino acid is composed of free synthetic amino acids, coated synthetic amino acids, and soybean peptides in a mass ratio of 2:3:5; wherein the proportion of each synthetic amino acid is: lysine: methionine and cysteine: threonine: tryptophan: valine: isoleucine: arginine: glycine and serine = 100:76:66:19:80:68: 112:155; The fermented meal comprises 35 parts rapeseed meal, 25 parts cottonseed meal, 20 parts sunflower meal, 14 parts DDGS, 5 parts corn husk, and 1 part compound microbial culture; the compound microbial culture is a composition of Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae, and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 4:3:3. The compound enzyme preparation is a combination of protease and amylase in a mass ratio of 7:3; the probiotic preparation is a combination of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans in a mass ratio of 4:3:3.

[0037] A method for preparing the low soybean meal poultry feed as described above includes the following steps: S1. Pre-treat corn, soybean meal, fermented mixed meal, and energy protein, then pulverize and sieve them to obtain corn flour, soybean meal powder, fermented mixed meal powder, and energy protein powder; the specific preparation method of the fermented mixed meal is as follows: S101. Crush rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal and DDGS to 40 mesh and mix them to obtain mixed meal matrix A; S102. Add distilled water to the mixed meal matrix A to obtain mixed meal matrix B with a moisture content of 42%; S103. Inoculate the above-mentioned mixed meal substrate B with compound microbial inoculum to obtain pretreated fermented mixed meal; the pretreated fermented mixed meal is fermented in two steps: (1) First, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae were introduced into the mixed meal substrate B, and aerobic fermentation was carried out at 33℃ for 36 hours to complete the first step of fermentation; (2) Based on the first step of fermentation, Lactobacillus plantarum was introduced and fermented facultatively at 35°C for 48 hours to obtain pretreated fermented meal.

[0038] S104. The pretreated fermented meal is dried at a low temperature of 52℃ and sieved to obtain fermented meal with a moisture content of ≤12%.

[0039] S2. Free synthetic amino acids, coated synthetic amino acids, and small peptide proteins are mixed evenly in a certain proportion to obtain a composite amino acid; the specific preparation method of the composite amino acid is as follows: S201. The synthetic amino acids are pulverized, sieved and dried to obtain free synthetic amino acids with a particle size of 80 mesh. S202. Using synthetic amino acids as the core material, and hydrogenated vegetable oil, stearic acid, glyceryl monostearate, ethyl cellulose or a combination thereof as the coating material, the mixture is melt-coated at 70°C; the mass ratio of the core material to the coating material is 100:25, and coated synthetic amino acids with a particle size of 1 mm are obtained. S203. Premix the synthetic amino acids and small peptides for 10 min, then add the coated synthetic amino acids and mix at 25 rpm for 15 min to obtain the composite amino acids.

[0040] S3. Mix the compound amino acids, stone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, acidifier, vitamin premix and trace element premix to obtain mixture A; S4. Add corn, soybean meal, fermented miscellaneous meals, and the remaining energy and protein into a mixing device and mix. Then add the mixture A prepared in step S3 to obtain mixture B. S5. Spray grease into the above mixture B, and after spraying, cool it to below 40°C to obtain mixture C; S6. The compound enzyme preparation and probiotic preparation are added to the mixture C described in step S5 by spraying and mixed evenly to obtain low soybean meal poultry feed; the spraying method is as follows: the compound enzyme preparation is sprayed first into the cooled mixture C, and then the probiotic preparation is sprayed.

[0041] Example 2 A low-soybean meal poultry feed, with a total weight of 100 parts, specifically includes 65 parts corn, 4 parts soybean meal, 20 parts fermented mixed meals, 2 parts compound amino acids, 1.5 parts oil, 3 parts limestone powder, 2.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.45 parts salt, 0.5 parts compound enzyme preparation, 0.05 parts acidifier, 0.4 parts probiotic preparation, 0.5 parts vitamin premix, and 0.1 parts trace element premix; the acidifier is a mixture of formic acid and sodium butyrate in a weight ratio of 4:6.

[0042] The composite amino acid is composed of free synthetic amino acids, coated synthetic amino acids, and corn peptides in a mass ratio of 3:4:3; wherein the proportion of each synthetic amino acid is: lysine: methionine + cysteine: threonine: tryptophan: valine: isoleucine: arginine: glycine + serine = 100:78:68:20:82:70: 115:170; The fermented meal comprises 45 parts rapeseed meal, 15 parts cottonseed meal, 15 parts sunflower meal, 10 parts DDGS, 13 parts corn husk, and 2 parts compound microbial culture; the compound microbial culture is a combination of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 7:3. The compound enzyme preparation is a composition of xylanase, β-glucanase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 5:3:2; the probiotic preparation is a composition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 6:4.

[0043] A method for preparing the low soybean meal poultry feed as described above includes the following steps: S1. Pre-treat corn, soybean meal, fermented mixed meal, and energy protein, then pulverize and sieve them to obtain corn flour, soybean meal powder, fermented mixed meal powder, and energy protein powder; the specific preparation method of the fermented mixed meal is as follows: S101. Crush rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal and DDGS to 60 mesh and mix them to obtain mixed meal matrix A; S102. Add distilled water to the mixed meal matrix A to obtain mixed meal matrix B with a moisture content of 48%; S103. Inoculate the above-mentioned mixed meal substrate B with compound microbial inoculum to obtain pretreated fermented mixed meal; the pretreated fermented mixed meal is fermented in two steps: (1) First, Bacillus subtilis was introduced into the mixed meal substrate B and aerobic fermentation was carried out at 38℃ for 24 hours to complete the first step of fermentation; (2) Based on the first step of fermentation, Lactobacillus plantarum was introduced and fermented facultatively at 30°C for 72 hours to obtain pretreated fermented meal.

[0044] S104. The pretreated fermented meal is dried at a low temperature of 45℃ and sieved to obtain fermented meal with a moisture content of ≤12%.

[0045] S2. Free synthetic amino acids, coated synthetic amino acids, and small peptide proteins are mixed evenly in a certain proportion to obtain a composite amino acid; the specific preparation method of the composite amino acid is as follows: S201. The synthetic amino acids are crushed, sieved and dried to obtain free synthetic amino acids with a particle size of 120 mesh. S202. Using synthetic amino acids as the core material, and hydrogenated vegetable oil, stearic acid, glyceryl monostearate, ethyl cellulose or a combination thereof as the coating material, the mixture is melt-coated at 90°C; the mass ratio of the core material to the coating material is 100:10, resulting in coated synthetic amino acids with a particle size of 0.3 mm. S203. Premix the synthetic amino acids and small peptides for 15 min, then add the coated synthetic amino acids and mix at 5 rpm for 20 min to obtain the complex amino acids.

[0046] Steps S3 to S6 are completely consistent with the operation in Example 1.

[0047] Example 3 A low-soybean meal poultry feed, by weight, totaling 100 parts, specifically includes 50 parts corn, 10 parts soybean meal, 12 parts fermented mixed meals, 9 parts compound amino acids, 6 parts oil, 8 parts limestone powder, 0.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.15 parts salt, 0.3 parts compound enzyme preparation, 0.5 parts acidifier, 0.1 parts probiotic preparation, 0.15 parts vitamin premix, 0.5 parts trace element premix, and the remainder being secondary flour.

[0048] The composite amino acid is composed of free synthetic amino acids, coated synthetic amino acids, and peanut peptides in a mass ratio of 4:2:4; wherein the proportion of each synthetic amino acid is: lysine: methionine and cysteine: threonine: tryptophan: valine: isoleucine: arginine: glycine and serine = 100:72:62:17:74:62: 105:140; The fermented meal comprises 25 parts rapeseed meal, 35 parts cottonseed meal, 30 parts sunflower meal, 8 parts DDGS, 1 part corn husk, and 2 parts compound microbial culture; the compound microbial culture is a composition of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 5:2:3. The compound enzyme preparation is a composition of protease, amylase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 4:3:3; the probiotic preparation is a composition of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a mass ratio of 5:3:2.

[0049] A method for preparing the low soybean meal poultry feed as described above includes the following steps: S1. Pre-treat corn, soybean meal, fermented mixed meal, and energy protein, then pulverize and sieve them to obtain corn flour, soybean meal powder, fermented mixed meal powder, and energy protein powder; the specific preparation method of the fermented mixed meal is as follows: S101. Crush rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal and DDGS to 20 mesh and mix them to obtain mixed meal matrix A; S102. Add distilled water to the mixed meal matrix A to obtain mixed meal matrix B with a moisture content of 35%; S103. Inoculate the above-mentioned mixed meal substrate B with compound microbial inoculum to obtain pretreated fermented mixed meal; the pretreated fermented mixed meal is fermented in two steps: (1) First, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis were introduced into the mixed meal substrate B and aerobic fermented at 28°C for 48 hours to complete the first step of fermentation; (2) Based on the first fermentation, Lactobacillus plantarum was inoculated and fermented facultatively at 40°C for 24 hours to obtain pretreated fermented meal.

[0050] S104. The pretreated fermented meal is dried at a low temperature of 65℃ and sieved to obtain fermented meal with a moisture content of ≤12%.

[0051] S2. Free synthetic amino acids, coated synthetic amino acids, and small peptide proteins are mixed evenly in a certain proportion to obtain a composite amino acid; the specific preparation method of the composite amino acid is as follows: S201. The synthetic amino acids are crushed, sieved and dried to obtain free synthetic amino acids with a particle size of 40 mesh. S202. Using synthetic amino acids as the core material, hydrogenated vegetable oil, stearic acid, glyceryl monostearate, ethyl cellulose or a combination thereof as the coating material, the mixture is melt-coated at 50°C; the mass ratio of the core material to the coating material is 100:40, resulting in coated synthetic amino acids with a particle size of 1.5 mm. S203. Premix the synthetic amino acids and small peptides in a certain proportion for 5 minutes, then add the coated synthetic amino acids and mix at 40 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain the composite amino acids.

[0052] Steps S3 to S6 are completely consistent with the operation in Example 1.

[0053] Comparative Example 1 (Conventional High-Soybean Meal) Compared with Example 1, the fermented miscellaneous meal was replaced with soybean meal; the rest of the operations and parameters were completely the same as in Example 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 2 (unfermented mixed meal) Compared with Example 1, the miscellaneous meal is not fermented and is directly used in the preparation of poultry feed. The remaining operations and parameters are completely consistent with Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 3 (coated with amino acids only) Compared with Example 1, all the synthetic amino acids were coated, and only the coated amino acids were used in the preparation of poultry feed. The other operations and parameters were completely the same as in Example 1.

[0056] Comparative Example 4 (synthesizing only amino acids and small peptides) Compared with Example 1, the coating amino acids in the compound amino acid were removed, and only the synthesized amino acids and small peptides were used to prepare poultry feed. The remaining operations and parameters were completely consistent with Example 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 5 (small peptides only) Compared with Example 1, the complex amino acids were replaced with small peptides, and only the small peptides were used in the preparation of poultry feed; the remaining parameters and operations were completely consistent with Example 1.

[0058] The feed prepared according to the present invention was applied to poultry (the present invention takes chicken as an example). 21-day-old broilers were selected, and 10 chickens were selected in each experimental group. The daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were recorded and the average values ​​were calculated. (1) Feed intake: reflects the palatability of the feed and whether there is a decrease in feed intake due to anti-nutritional factors; (2) Daily weight gain: This reflects whether the amino acids, energy, and protein in the feed are sufficient; (3) Feed conversion ratio: a direct evaluation of feed utilization.

[0059] As shown in Table 1, Examples 1-3 are comparable to Example 1 (high soybean meal) in terms of average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. This indicates that the low soybean meal poultry feed prepared by this invention has the potential to replace high soybean meal feed, and also reflects its good palatability and acceptability. Comparative Example 2 showed the lowest feed intake, possibly because the unfermented soybean meal did not participate in fermentation, leading to an increase in anti-nutritional factors and thus limiting feed intake. Comparative Examples 3-5 were all lower than Examples 1-3, indicating a significant synergistic effect between synthetic amino acids, coated amino acids, and small peptides. Specifically, synthetic amino acids can precisely supplement the deficiency of limiting amino acids in diets low in soybean meal; coated amino acids can delay release and improve absorption efficiency in the lower intestine; and small peptides can promote rapid nutrient absorption and improve the intestinal digestive environment. The synergistic effect of these three factors enables precise amino acid supply, segmented release, and efficient absorption, thereby significantly improving broiler growth performance and feed utilization efficiency.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-soybean meal poultry feed, characterized in that, The total weight is 100 parts, specifically including 45-68 parts corn, 2-10 parts soybean meal, 8-22 parts fermented mixed meals, 0.9-9 parts compound amino acids, 1-6 parts oil, 0.8-10 parts limestone powder, 0.5-2.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.15-0.45 parts salt, 0.02-0.5 parts compound enzyme preparation, 0.05-0.5 parts acidifier, 0.01-0.4 parts probiotic preparation, 0.02-0.5 parts vitamin premix, 0.05-0.5 parts trace element premix, and the remainder is energy and protein. The complex amino acid comprises synthetic amino acids and small peptides. The synthetic amino acids include coated synthetic amino acids and free synthetic amino acids. The mass ratio of the free synthetic amino acids, coated synthetic amino acids and small peptides is (1~4):(2~5):(2~6).

2. The low-soybean meal poultry feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synthesized amino acids include lysine, methionine, cysteine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, arginine, glycine, and serine; By mass ratio, the lysine:methionine and cysteine:threonine:tryptophan:valine:isoleucine:arginine:glycine and serine = 100:(70~82):(60~74):(16~23):(72~86):(60~76):(100~125):(130~180).

3. The low-soybean meal poultry feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The small peptide protein is one or more of the following: soybean peptide, corn peptide, rapeseed peptide, cottonseed peptide, peanut peptide, yeast hydrolysate, fish protein peptide, and plasma protein peptide, in any proportion.

4. The low-soybean meal poultry feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermented meal, by weight, totals 100 parts, specifically including 25-45 parts rapeseed meal, 15-35 parts cottonseed meal, 10-30 parts sunflower meal, 5-20 parts DDGS, 1-15 parts corn husk, and 0.1-2 parts compound microbial strain; the compound microbial strain is at least two of Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed in any proportion.

5. The low-soybean meal poultry feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probiotic preparation is one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in any proportion. The compound enzyme preparation includes two or more of the following: protease, phytase, xylanase, β-mannanase, cellulase, and β-glucanase, in any proportion. The vitamin premix includes one or more of the following in any proportion: vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, vitamin C, choline chloride, and inositol. The trace element premix includes one or more of the following: iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, iodine, and cobalt, in any proportion. The acidifying agent is one or more of formic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, sodium butyrate, and glyceryl butyrate in any proportion; The energy protein is one or more of wheat bran, rice bran, wheat middlings, corn gluten meal, DDGS, and corn germ meal in any proportion.

6. A method for preparing low-soybean meal poultry feed as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Corn, soybean meal, fermented miscellaneous meal and energy protein are pretreated, crushed and sieved to obtain corn flour, soybean meal flour, fermented miscellaneous meal powder and energy protein powder; S2. Mix the free synthetic amino acids, coated synthetic amino acids and small peptides to obtain a complex amino acid; S3. Mix the compound amino acids, stone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, acidifier, vitamin premix and trace element premix to obtain mixture A; S4. Add corn, soybean meal, fermented miscellaneous meals, and the remaining energy and protein into a mixing device and mix. Then add the mixture A prepared in step S3 to obtain mixture B. S5. Spray grease into the above mixture B, and after spraying, cool it to below 40°C to obtain mixture C; S6. The compound enzyme preparation and probiotic preparation are added to the mixture C described in step S5 by spraying and mixed evenly to obtain low soybean meal poultry feed.

7. The method for preparing low-soybean meal poultry feed according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific preparation method of the fermented meal in step S1 is as follows: S101. Crush rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal and DDGS to 20-60 mesh and mix them to obtain mixed meal matrix A; S102. Add distilled water to the mixed meal matrix A to obtain mixed meal matrix B with a moisture content of 35%~48%; S103. Inoculate the above-mentioned mixed meal substrate B with compound microbial strains to obtain pretreated fermented mixed meal; S104. The pretreated fermented meal is dried at a low temperature of 45~65℃ and sieved to obtain fermented meal with a moisture content of ≤12%.

8. The method for preparing low-soybean meal poultry feed according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S103 involves two fermentation steps for the pre-treated fermented meal: (1) First, inoculate the microbial strain A into the mixed meal substrate B, and aerobic ferment at 28~38℃ for 24~48h to complete the first step of fermentation; the microbial strain A is one of Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis or two of them in any proportion; (2) Based on the first step of fermentation, inoculate strain B and ferment facultatively at 30~40℃ for 24~72h to obtain pretreated fermented meal; strain B is Lactobacillus plantarum or Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the mass ratio of strain B to strain A in step (1) is 7:

3.

9. The method for preparing low-soybean meal poultry feed according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific preparation method of the complex amino acid in step S2 is as follows: S201. The synthetic amino acids are pulverized, sieved and dried to obtain free synthetic amino acids with a particle size of 40~120 mesh. S202. Using synthetic amino acids as the core material, and hydrogenated vegetable oil, stearic acid, glyceryl monostearate, ethyl cellulose or a combination thereof as the coating material, the mixture is melt-coated at 50~90℃; the mass ratio of the core material to the coating material is 100:(10~40), to obtain coated synthetic amino acids with a particle size of 0.3~1.5mm. S203. Premix the free synthetic amino acids and small peptides for 5-15 minutes, then add the coated synthetic amino acids and mix at 5-40 rpm for 5-20 minutes to obtain the complex amino acids.

10. The method for preparing low-soybean meal poultry feed according to claim 6, characterized in that, The spraying method described in step S6 is as follows: first spray the compound enzyme preparation onto the cooled mixture C, and then spray the probiotic preparation.

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