A compound feed additive for preventing a water mold disease of macrobrachium rosenbergii, a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of compound feed additive for preventing roboes aedes water mould disease and its preparation method and application, the compound feed additive for preventing roboes aedes water mould disease includes the following weight parts of component: lagerstroemia indica 15~25 parts, guava leaf 15~25 parts, radix astragali 10~20 parts, prunella vulgaris 10~20 parts, portulaca oleracea 10~20 parts, pachystachys 5~15 parts, perilla leaf 5~15 parts, mulberry root 5~10 parts, paederia foetida 5~10 parts, amaranthus spinosus root 5~10 parts, liquorice 3~8 parts, cassava powder 10~20 parts and corn flour 10~20 parts;The compound feed additive for preventing roboes aedes water mould disease of the application can be through daily food intake pathway, specific inhibition of spongiomycetes, safe and environment-friendly, and suitable for rice-shrimp or rice-shrimp-geese comprehensive breeding mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture technology, specifically to a compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) are an important freshwater aquaculture species in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, often farmed using integrated rice-prawn or rice-prawn-geese farming models. Saprolegniasis (primarily caused by fungi of the genus *Saprolegnia*) is a common and serious fungal disease during the cultivation of this prawn species. Infection leads to ulceration and tissue necrosis on the prawn's body surface, and in severe cases, causes large-scale mortality, resulting in significant economic losses to the global aquaculture industry.

[0003] Currently, the prevention and control methods for saprolegniasis have significant shortcomings. Traditional chemical drugs such as malachite green, while having shown some effectiveness, have been banned in most countries due to their teratogenic and carcinogenic side effects and the tendency for pathogens to develop drug resistance. Traditional Chinese medicine prevention often employs external application of medicated baths, which, although relatively safe, requires frequent repetition, is labor-intensive, and its efficacy is difficult to sustain, making it unsuitable for large-scale intensive aquaculture. Furthermore, existing feed additives for giant freshwater prawns primarily focus on general immune enhancement (such as increasing antioxidant enzyme activity), lacking specific antifungal components against saprolegnia, making it difficult to effectively prevent saprolegniasis through ingestion.

[0004] Therefore, developing a compound feed additive that can specifically prevent saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns through oral administration, is safe, efficient, and easy to use, has significant industrial application value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, its preparation method, and its application. The compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns can inhibit saprolegnia through daily feeding, is safe and environmentally friendly, and is suitable for rice-prawn or rice-prawn-goose integrated farming models.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0007] The first aspect of this invention provides a compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, the compound feed additive comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0008] 15-25 parts of Lantana camara, 15-25 parts of guava leaves, 10-20 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 10-20 parts of Prunella vulgaris, 10-20 parts of Portulaca oleracea, 5-15 parts of Patchouli, 5-15 parts of Perilla frutescens leaves, 5-10 parts of mulberry root, 5-10 parts of Paederia scandens, 5-10 parts of Amaranthus spinosa root, 3-8 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 10-20 parts of cassava flour, and 10-20 parts of corn flour.

[0009] Preferably, the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0010] 20 parts of Lantana, 20 parts of guava leaves, 15 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 15 parts of Prunella vulgaris, 15 parts of Portulaca oleracea, 10 parts of Patchouli, 10 parts of Perilla frutescens leaves, 8 parts of mulberry root, 8 parts of Paederia scandens, 8 parts of Amaranthus spinosa root, 5 parts of licorice, 15 parts of cassava flour, and 15 parts of corn flour.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0012] (a) All components except cassava flour and corn flour are pulverized separately to obtain fine powders of each Chinese herbal medicine;

[0013] (b) Weigh out each of the fine powders of Chinese medicine according to the weight parts and mix them evenly to obtain a mixed powder of Chinese medicine;

[0014] (c) Add cassava flour and corn flour to the Chinese herbal medicine mixture and mix well to obtain the total mixture powder;

[0015] (d) Granulate the total mixed powder to obtain the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns.

[0016] Preferably, the particle size of the fine powder of traditional Chinese medicine is not less than 80 mesh; the particle size of the granulation is 0.5~1mm.

[0017] A third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns in the preparation of compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns.

[0018] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, the compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns containing the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns.

[0019] Preferably, the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns comprises 5% to 10% by mass.

[0020] The fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, the method comprising the following steps:

[0021] The compound feed used to prevent saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns was used to feed them.

[0022] Preferably, the compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns is fed twice a day, with each feeding amount being 5% to 7% of the giant freshwater prawn's body weight.

[0023] Preferably, after stocking the giant freshwater prawns or during the rearing process, feed them continuously for 6-8 days, followed by 4-6 days of continuous feeding at 13-18 day intervals; if saprolegniasis has occurred in the rearing area, feed them continuously for 10-15 days, followed by 4-6 days of continuous feeding at 13-18 day intervals.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following:

[0025] (1) Safe to use, no residue, and no drug resistance: This invention uses pure Chinese herbal medicine compound, which does not contain prohibited chemical drugs such as malachite green. It is non-toxic to giant freshwater prawns and aquaculture water, has no risk of residue, and water mold is not likely to develop drug resistance to multi-target Chinese herbal medicine components, which meets the requirements of green and healthy aquaculture.

[0026] (2) Oral administration, simple operation and long-lasting effect: Unlike the traditional Chinese medicine "external bath" which requires frequent water changes and repeated application of medicine, this invention directly mixes the additive into the feed, and prevention can be achieved through daily feeding; after one feeding, the effective ingredients are continuously released in the shrimp body, the effect is long-lasting, greatly reducing labor intensity and breeding costs, and is especially suitable for large-scale rice-shrimp or rice-shrimp-goose integrated farming models.

[0027] (3) Synergistic effect of specific antifungal and broad-spectrum immune enhancement: Existing shrimp additives mostly focus on general antioxidant or non-specific immunity, lacking antifungal targeting. In this invention, the principal and assistant drugs such as lantana, guava leaves, and patchouli directly inhibit the hyphae and spores of Saprolegnia; at the same time, Astragalus and mulberry root activate the phenol oxidase system, increase the activity of lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and achieve the dual effect of "directly attacking the pathogen + enhancing host defense", which significantly improves the control effect of Saprolegnia.

[0028] (4) Anti-inflammatory repair and reduction of secondary infection: Components such as purslane, chicken dung vine, and prickly amaranth root can eliminate inflammatory free radicals, accelerate epidermal wound healing, reduce secondary bacterial infection, and reduce overall mortality.

[0029] (5) Intestinal conditioning and improved feed utilization: Cassava flour, corn flour and mulberry root have prebiotic-like effects, improve intestinal health, increase feed conversion rate and promote growth.

[0030] In summary, this invention can significantly reduce the incidence of saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, improve the survival rate of aquaculture, save manpower and resources, is easy to operate, and is suitable for industrial promotion. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, and are therefore only examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0033] This invention provides a compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns. The compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0034] 15-25 parts of Lantana camara, 15-25 parts of guava leaves, 10-20 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 10-20 parts of Prunella vulgaris, 10-20 parts of Portulaca oleracea, 5-15 parts of Patchouli, 5-15 parts of Perilla frutescens leaves, 5-10 parts of mulberry root, 5-10 parts of Paederia scandens, 5-10 parts of Amaranthus spinosa root, 3-8 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 10-20 parts of cassava flour, and 10-20 parts of corn flour.

[0035] This invention is based on the multi-target synergistic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound "direct antibacterial - immune enhancement - anti-inflammatory repair - intestinal conditioning". After Saprolegnia infects Macrobrachium rosenbergii, it secretes proteases to destroy the epidermis and inhibit local immunity. This additive works through the following pathways: (1) Directly inhibiting Saprolegnia: The flavonoids, triterpenes, volatile oils and other components contained in the formula of lantana, guava leaves, patchouli and perilla leaves destroy the cell wall and cell membrane of fungi, inhibiting hyphal growth and spore germination; (2) Enhancing the specific and non-specific immunity of shrimp. Astragalus polysaccharides, together with the active ingredients of mulberry root and licorice, synergistically activate the phenol oxidase system, increase the activity of serum lysozyme, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and promote melanosis reaction to phagocytose pathogens; (3) Anti-inflammatory and tissue repair: Purslane, chicken dung vine and prickly amaranth root clear inflammatory free radicals, reduce tissue damage caused by fungal toxins, and accelerate epidermal healing; (4) Intestinal health regulation: Cassava flour and corn flour, as prebiotic carriers, work together with astragalus and mulberry root to regulate intestinal flora, improve feed conversion rate and stress resistance. Through oral administration, the effective ingredients are continuously distributed to achieve long-term and specific prevention of saprolegniasis.

[0036] Explanation of the pharmacodynamic relationship: Lantana and guava leaves act as the principal ingredients to fight fungi, while Astragalus membranaceus acts as the principal ingredient to enhance immunity. These three ingredients work together to form a dual core of "antibacterial and immune" action. Prunella vulgaris, Portulaca oleracea, Pogostemon cablin, and Perilla frutescens leaves act as the assistant ingredients to synergistically inhibit bacteria and provide anti-inflammatory and repair effects. Mulberry root, Paederia scandens, and Amaranthus spinosa root act as the adjuvant ingredients to regulate the intestines and immunity. Licorice acts as the guiding ingredient to harmonize the entire formula. Cassava flour and corn flour act as carriers to ensure feed processing and palatability. The thirteen ingredients work together to achieve a comprehensive effect of "antifungal, immune enhancement, anti-inflammatory, intestinal repair, and astringent healing," specifically preventing saprolegniasis in Macrobrachium rosenbergii through oral administration in feed.

[0037] In one embodiment, the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0038] 20 parts of Lantana, 20 parts of guava leaves, 15 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 15 parts of Prunella vulgaris, 15 parts of Portulaca oleracea, 10 parts of Patchouli, 10 parts of Perilla frutescens leaves, 8 parts of mulberry root, 8 parts of Paederia scandens, 8 parts of Amaranthus spinosa root, 5 parts of licorice, 15 parts of cassava flour, and 15 parts of corn flour.

[0039] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0040] (a) All components except cassava flour and corn flour are pulverized separately to obtain fine powders of each Chinese herbal medicine;

[0041] (b) Weigh out each of the fine powders of Chinese medicine according to the weight parts and mix them evenly to obtain a mixed powder of Chinese medicine;

[0042] (c) Add cassava flour and corn flour to the Chinese herbal medicine mixture and mix well to obtain the total mixture powder;

[0043] (d) Granulate the total mixed powder to obtain the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns.

[0044] In one embodiment, the particle size of the fine powder of traditional Chinese medicine is not less than 80 mesh; the particle size of the granulation is 0.5~1mm.

[0045] Another embodiment of the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns in the preparation of compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns.

[0046] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, wherein the compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns contains the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns.

[0047] In one embodiment, the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns comprises 5% to 10% by mass.

[0048] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, the method comprising the following steps:

[0049] The compound feed used to prevent saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns was used to feed them.

[0050] In one embodiment, the compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns is fed twice a day, with each feeding amount being 5% to 7% of the giant freshwater prawn's body weight.

[0051] In one embodiment, after stocking the giant freshwater prawns or during the rearing process, they are fed continuously for 6 to 8 days, followed by 4 to 6 days of continuous feeding at intervals of 13 to 18 days. If saprolegniasis has occurred in the rearing area, they are fed continuously for 10 to 15 days, followed by 4 to 6 days of continuous feeding at intervals of 13 to 18 days.

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] This embodiment is a compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns. The compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0055] 20 parts of Lantana, 20 parts of guava leaves, 15 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 15 parts of Prunella vulgaris, 15 parts of Portulaca oleracea, 10 parts of Patchouli, 10 parts of Perilla frutescens leaves, 8 parts of mulberry root, 8 parts of Paederia scandens, 8 parts of Amaranthus spinosa root, 5 parts of licorice, 15 parts of cassava flour, and 15 parts of corn flour.

[0056] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns includes the following steps:

[0057] (a) All components except cassava flour and corn flour are pulverized separately and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain fine powders of each Chinese medicine.

[0058] (b) Weigh out each of the fine powders of Chinese medicine according to the weight parts and mix them evenly to obtain a mixed powder of Chinese medicine;

[0059] (c) Add cassava flour and corn flour to the Chinese herbal medicine mixture and mix well to obtain the total mixture powder;

[0060] (d) Granulate the total mixed powder to obtain the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns with a particle size of 0.5~1mm.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] This embodiment is a compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns. The compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns includes commercially available giant freshwater prawn basic feed and the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns from Example 1.

[0063] The compound feed additive used to prevent saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns has a mass percentage of 5%.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] This embodiment describes a method for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, which includes the following steps:

[0066] The compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, as described in Example 2, was used to feed the prawns. The feed was administered continuously for 7 days after stocking or during the rearing process, followed by 5 consecutive days at 15-day intervals. The compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis was given twice daily, with each feeding amount being 6% of the prawn's body weight.

[0067] If water mold disease has occurred in the breeding area, feed continuously for 12 days, then feed continuously for 5 days after a 15-day interval.

[0068] Experimental Example

[0069] A comparative experiment was conducted at the rice-shrimp integrated farming base in Qingping Town, Lianjiang City, Guangdong Province:

[0070] The experimental group was fed the compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns as described in Example 2, while the control group was fed ordinary basic feed. The culture period was 60 days, during which the prawns were artificially infected with saprolegnia.

[0071] The results showed that the cumulative incidence of saprolegniasis in the experimental group of giant freshwater prawns was 5.6%, which was significantly lower than the 23.8% in the control group; the survival rate of the experimental group was 92.3%, which was higher than the 71.5% in the control group; at the same time, the activities of phenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum of the shrimp in the experimental group increased by 42%, 35% and 30%, respectively.

[0072] The results show that the present invention can effectively prevent saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, enhance immunity, and improve survival rate.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, characterized in that, The compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of Lantana, 15-25 parts of Guava leaves, 10-20 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 10-20 parts of Prunella vulgaris, 10-20 parts of Portulaca oleracea, 5-15 parts of Patchouli, 5-15 parts of Perilla frutescens leaves, 5-10 parts of Mulberry root, 5-10 parts of Paederia scandens, 5-10 parts of Amaranthus spinosa root, 3-8 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 10-20 parts of cassava flour, and 10-20 parts of corn flour.

2. The compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of Lantana, 20 parts of guava leaves, 15 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 15 parts of Prunella vulgaris, 15 parts of Portulaca oleracea, 10 parts of Patchouli, 10 parts of Perilla frutescens leaves, 8 parts of mulberry root, 8 parts of Paederia scandens, 8 parts of Amaranthus spinosa root, 5 parts of licorice, 15 parts of cassava flour, and 15 parts of corn flour.

3. The method for preparing the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (a) All components except cassava flour and corn flour are pulverized separately to obtain fine powders of each Chinese herbal medicine; (b) Weigh out each of the fine powders of Chinese medicine according to the weight parts and mix them evenly to obtain a mixed powder of Chinese medicine; (c) Add cassava flour and corn flour to the Chinese herbal medicine mixture and mix well to obtain the total mixture powder; (d) Granulate the total mixed powder to obtain the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fine powder of the Chinese herbal medicine has a particle size of not less than 80 mesh; the granulation particle size is 0.5~1mm.

5. The application of the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns as described in claim 1 or 2 in the preparation of compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns.

6. A compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, characterized in that, The compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns contains the compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns as described in claim 1 or 2.

7. The compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns according to claim 6, characterized in that, The compound feed additive for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, as described in claim 1 or 2, has a mass percentage content of 5% to 10%.

8. A method for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns, characterized in that, The method for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns includes the following steps: Giant freshwater prawns are fed the compound feed for preventing saprolegniasis as described in claim 6 or 7.

9. The method for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns according to claim 8, characterized in that, The compound feed used to prevent saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns is fed twice a day, with each feeding amount being 5% to 7% of the prawn's body weight.

10. The method for preventing saprolegniasis in giant freshwater prawns according to claim 8, characterized in that, After stocking or during the rearing process, feed the giant freshwater prawns continuously for 6-8 days, then feed them continuously for 4-6 days at intervals of 13-18 days. If saprolegniasis has occurred in the rearing area, feed them continuously for 10-15 days, then feed them continuously for 4-6 days at intervals of 13-18 days.