Preparation method of a rumen bypass additive for preventing and treating perinatal cow ketosis and mastitis

Abstract

The application discloses a preparation method of a rumen-protected additive for preventing and treating ketosis and mastitis of perinatal dairy cows, and relates to the technical field of animal husbandry. The additive comprises a coating and a core material. The coating is palm oil fat powder. The core material is composed of pig deoxycholic acid (HDCA), glucose (Glu) and corn starch. The mass ratio of the coating to the core material is 0.4:1. In the core material, the mass ratio of HDCA to Glu is 1-2:100, and the corn starch accounts for 2.5% of the total mass of the core material. The core material composed of HDCA, glucose and corn starch is coated with palm oil fat powder, effective rumen protection is realized, the active ingredients are released and absorbed in the intestinal tract, energy is quickly supplemented, perinatal energy negative balance is relieved, ketone body generation is reduced, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and bacteriostatic effects of HDCA are exerted, and thus the incidence of ketosis and mastitis of perinatal dairy cows is simultaneously reduced, and the milk yield is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal husbandry technology, and in particular to a method for preparing a rumen-protected additive for preventing periparturient ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows. Background Technology

[0002] The peripartum period (21 days before calving to 21 days after calving) is a crucial window of opportunity that determines the production performance and profitability of dairy cows. During this stage, dairy cows are affected by multiple physiological stresses such as pregnancy, calving, and the onset of lactation, resulting in a significant decrease in dry matter intake, while the energy requirements for fetal growth and lactation increase dramatically. This can easily lead to a severe negative energy balance (NEB), which is the core pathological basis for the high incidence of a series of peripartum diseases.

[0003] In my country's large-scale dairy farms, the incidence of peripartum ketosis in high-yielding dairy cows reaches 20%-35%, with affected cows experiencing a 20%-30% decrease in milk production and a significant decline in core raw milk quality indicators such as milk fat and protein content, causing substantial economic losses to dairy farms. More seriously, ketosis further weakens the immune function and disease resistance of dairy cows, significantly increasing their susceptibility to mastitis during the peripartum period. The incidence of mastitis is significantly higher in cows with ketosis compared to healthy cows, creating a vicious cycle of "metabolic disease – infectious disease." Currently, the main prevention and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows still relies on antibiotics. However, long-term, high-dose use of antibiotics not only leads to the emergence of drug-resistant strains and a gradual decline in treatment effectiveness but also raises the issue of drug residues. Residual antibiotics can enter the food chain through cow milk, posing a potential risk to public health and contradicting the current concepts of green, safe, and sustainable livestock farming.

[0004] Currently, most feed additives on the market targeting ketosis and mastitis, which are prevalent in peripartum dairy cows, have limited functions. Some products only provide nutritional regulation for ketosis or fatty liver, while others focus on antibacterial treatment of mastitis. There is still a lack of comprehensive products that can simultaneously improve negative energy balance and prevent multiple prevalent diseases. Therefore, developing a safe and efficient feed additive that can fundamentally alleviate negative energy balance and prevent metabolic diseases in peripartum dairy cows, while also possessing anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects, and simultaneously control these two major peripartum diseases, has significant industrial value and application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the aforementioned existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, this invention provides a method for preparing a rumen-protected additive for preventing and treating peripartum ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows. This solves the problem that most additive products on the market for treating ketosis and mastitis, which are common in peripartum dairy cows, have limited functions; some products only provide nutritional regulation for ketosis or fatty liver, while others focus on antibacterial treatment of mastitis; and there is still a lack of a comprehensive product that can simultaneously improve negative energy balance and prevent and treat multiple common diseases.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a rumen-protected additive for preventing periparturient ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows, comprising a coating and a core material, wherein: The coating is palm oil fat powder; The core material is composed of porcine deoxycholic acid (HDCA), glucose (Glu) and corn starch; The mass ratio of the coating to the core material is 0.4:1; In the core material, the mass ratio of HDCA to Glu is 1–2:100, and corn starch accounts for 2.5% of the total mass of the core material.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the rumen-protected additive of the present invention, the mass ratio of HDCA to Glu in the core material is 2:100.

[0009] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the rumen-protected additive as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps: (1) Mix HDCA, Glu and corn starch in a mass ratio of 1–2:100:2.5, spray sterile water to adjust the humidity until it can be formed into a ball by hand and easily dispersed by light touch. After extrusion granulation, dry at 50–60°C to a moisture content of 4–5%, and then sieve through an 18–40 mesh screen to obtain core material granules. (2) The core material particles and palm oil fat powder are preheated to about 50°C respectively, and then quickly mixed at a mass ratio of core material: palm oil fat powder = 1:0.4, so that the molten palm oil fat powder is evenly coated on the surface of the core material particles. (3) Spread out the coated mixture and cool it to room temperature to allow the coating to solidify. Then, sieve it through an 18-20 mesh screen to remove excess powder and fine particles to obtain the rumen-protected additive.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method described in this invention, step (1) uses a gyratory pellet mill for extrusion granulation.

[0011] Thirdly, the present invention provides a peripartum feed for dairy cows, which includes the rumen-protected additive as described in the first aspect, wherein the amount of the rumen-protected additive added is 10.5 grams per kilogram of diet.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the peripartum feed for dairy cows described in this invention, the feed is used in the daily ration of dairy cows from 21 days before calving to 30 days after calving.

[0013] Fourthly, the present invention provides a method for preventing peripartum ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows, which includes adding the rumen-protected additive as described in the first aspect to the diet of dairy cows from 21 days before calving to 30 days after calving, at a dosage of 10.5 grams per kilogram of diet.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the method described in this invention, the ketosis includes subclinical ketosis and clinical ketosis, and the mastitis includes subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis.

[0015] Furthermore, the rumen-protected additive allows HDCA and Glu to be released and absorbed in the intestine through rumen protection, thereby synergistically improving negative energy balance, inhibiting inflammatory response and reducing pathogen colonization.

[0016] Fifthly, the present invention also provides the use of the rumen-protected additive as described in the first aspect in the preparation of feed additives for periparturient dairy cow diets.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by using palm oil fat powder to coat the core material composed of HDCA, glucose and corn starch, effective rumen protection is achieved, allowing the active ingredients to be released and absorbed in the intestine. This not only quickly replenishes energy and alleviates the negative energy balance during the peripartum period, but also reduces ketone body production. Furthermore, it exerts the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial effects of HDCA, thereby simultaneously reducing the incidence of peripartum ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows and increasing milk production. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the preparation method of the rumen-protected additive for preventing periparturient ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows in Example 1.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram comparing the average daily milk production of the six groups of dairy cows in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0023] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0024] In this invention, all materials, reagents, or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are conventional products that can be purchased commercially. Example, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is one embodiment of the present invention, which provides a method for preparing a rumen-passing additive for preventing periparturient ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows, comprising: Add it at 1.05% of the daily feed per cow for 21 days before calving and 30 days after calving.

[0025] This experiment used rumen-protected glucose (RPG) and rumen-protected choline (RPC), which are commonly used in the market to prevent peripartum ketosis in dairy cows, as a comparison.

[0026] To further verify the effectiveness of this product, the following six sets of experiments were conducted, with specific procedures and instructions as follows: Selection and grouping of laboratory animals: Thirty healthy dairy cows with parity, age, body condition, and expected calving date were selected from a certain intensive dairy farm and divided into groups of 180.

[0027] The experiment was divided into a control group (no control products added), experimental group 1 (only RPG added), experimental group 2 (only RPC added), experimental group 3 (the core material of this product contains only HDCA with the same content as experimental group 5), experimental group 4 (the core material of this product has an HDCA:Glu ratio of 1:100), and experimental group 5 (the core material of this product has an HDCA:Glu ratio of 1:50).

[0028] All dairy cows were fed according to NRC standards. From 21 days before the expected calving date to 30 days after calving, they were fed daily and their mental state, feed intake, and the incidence of ketosis and mastitis were recorded. After the feeding period, the milk production, ketosis and mastitis incidence of each group of dairy cows were counted.

[0029] The criteria for diagnosing the disease are as follows: Subclinical ketosis is defined as a blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration between 1.4 and 3.0 mmol / L without clinical symptoms. Clinical ketosis is defined as a blood BHB concentration > 3.0 mmol / L accompanied by lethargy, decreased milk production, and reduced appetite. Subclinical mastitis is defined as a cow with a somatic cell count greater than 500,000 in milk as measured by CMT (Chemical Mammary Tract Test) and no obvious redness, swelling, heat, pain, or hardening of the mammary glands. Clinical mastitis is defined as a cow with obvious redness, swelling, heat, pain, and hardening of the mammary glands.

[0030] The experimental results are as follows: Table 1 shows the incidence of ketosis and mastitis in the six groups. There were duplicate counts of both diseases in the same cow. ; Table 2 shows the average daily milk production (Mean±SD) of dairy cows in the six groups. ; The results indicate that, compared with the control, peripartum administration of rumen glucose significantly reduced the incidence of ketosis and mastitis, with a 6.7% reduction in both subclinical ketosis and mastitis, and a 10% reduction in clinical ketosis. Rumen choline administration reduced the incidence of subclinical ketosis, clinical ketosis, and subclinical mastitis in peripartum dairy cows by 6.7%. Rumen HDCA administration reduced the incidence of subclinical and clinical ketosis, and subclinical and clinical mastitis by 16.7%, 13.3%, 26.7%, and 13.3%, respectively. When HDCA:Glu = 1:100 was used as the core material, the incidence of subclinical and clinical ketosis, and subclinical and clinical mastitis in peripartum dairy cows decreased by 23.3%, 13.3%, 33.3%, and 13.3%, respectively. However, when HDCA:Glu=2:100 was used as the core material, the incidence of clinical ketosis and mastitis in periparturient dairy cows was 0, and the incidence of subclinical ketosis and subclinical mastitis decreased by 20% and 36.7%, respectively.

[0031] Regarding milk production, the use of commonly available rumen-protected glucose and rumen-protected choline during the perinatal period increased milk production by 0.19 and 0.66 kg, respectively, while the use of rumen-protected HDCA increased it by 0.67 kg. Using the rumen-protected additives from this product (HDCA:Glu=1:100 and HDCA:Glu=1:50) increased milk production by 1.6 and 1.92 kg, respectively.

[0032] Furthermore, this product, a rumen-protected additive for preventing peripartum ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows, is superior to commonly used rumen-protected choline and higher than rumen-protected glucose in terms of milk yield. Figure 2 ).

[0033] Therefore, considering the comprehensive comparison of the prevention and treatment of perinatal ketosis and mastitis, as well as the improvement of milk production, the rumen-protected additive of this product has excellent effects as a core material coating in HDCA:Glu=2:100.

[0034] In summary, this invention utilizes a core material composed of palm oil fat powder coated with HDCA, glucose, and corn starch to achieve effective rumen protection, allowing the active ingredients to be released and absorbed in the intestines. This not only rapidly replenishes energy and alleviates the negative energy balance during the peripartum period, reducing ketone body production, but also leverages the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects of HDCA, thereby simultaneously reducing the incidence of peripartum ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows and increasing milk production.

[0035] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rumen-protected additive for preventing peripartum ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows, characterized in that: The additives include a coating and a core material, wherein: The coating is palm oil fat powder; The core material is composed of porcine deoxycholic acid (HDCA), glucose (Glu) and corn starch; The mass ratio of the coating to the core material is 0.4:1; In the core material, the mass ratio of HDCA to Glu is 1–2:100, and corn starch accounts for 2.5% of the total mass of the core material.

2. The rumen-passing additive for preventing peripartum ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of HDCA to Glu in the core material is 2:

100.

3. A method for preparing a rumen-passing additive for treating peripartum ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows, comprising the rumen-passing additive for preventing and treating peripartum ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows as described in claims 1-2, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) Mix HDCA, Glu and corn starch in a mass ratio of 1–2:100:2.5, spray sterile water to adjust the humidity until it can be formed into a ball by hand and easily dispersed by light touch. After extrusion granulation, dry at 50–60°C to a moisture content of 4–5%, and then sieve through an 18–40 mesh screen to obtain core material granules. (2) The core material particles and palm oil fat powder are preheated to about 50°C respectively, and quickly mixed at a mass ratio of core material: palm oil fat powder = 1:0.4, so that the molten palm oil fat powder is evenly coated on the surface of the core material particles. (3) Spread out the coated mixture and cool it to room temperature to allow the coating to solidify. Then, sieve it through an 18-20 mesh screen to remove excess powder and fine particles to obtain the rumen-protected additive.

4. The method for preparing the rumen-passing additive for treating peripartum ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), a gyratory pellet mill is used for extrusion granulation.

5. A peripartum feed for dairy cows, characterized in that: The additive includes the rumen-protected additive for preventing peripartum ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of the rumen-protected additive added is 10.5 grams per kilogram of diet.

6. The peripartum feed for dairy cows according to claim 5, characterized in that: It is used in the daily diet of dairy cows from 21 days before calving to 30 days after calving.

7. A method for preventing and treating peripartum ketosis and mastitis in dairy cows, characterized in that: Add the rumen-protected additive as described in claim 1 or 2 to the diet of dairy cows from 21 days before calving to 30 days after calving, at a dosage of 10.5 grams per kilogram of diet.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ketosis includes subclinical ketosis and clinical ketosis, and the mastitis includes subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The rumen-protected additive allows HDCA and Glu to be released and absorbed in the intestine through rumen protection, thereby synergistically improving negative energy balance, inhibiting inflammatory response and reducing pathogen colonization.

10. The use of the rumen-protected additive according to claim 1 or 2 in the preparation of feed additives for peripartum dairy cow diets.

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