Adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting growth of granulation tissue on difficult-to-heal burn wounds

Abstract

The application discloses a adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting growth of granulation on a refractory burn wound, and relates to the technical field of burn wound repair and physical therapy, and comprises an electromagnetic pulse generating device for generating and applying an electromagnetic pulse field with adjustable parameters to a target wound; a control and adjustment unit electrically connected with the electromagnetic pulse generating device for receiving instructions and adjusting parameters of the electromagnetic pulse field; a wound information acquisition unit; a coverage adjustment mechanism; an energy and time length self-adaptive adjustment module; a temperature control and safety feedback module; through the cooperative interaction between the energy and time length self-adaptive adjustment module and the temperature control and safety feedback module, dynamic closed-loop adjustment of electromagnetic pulse output parameters is realized, instructions of increasing power, decreasing power or maintaining current parameters can be automatically executed according to real-time temperature changes of the wound, so that the electromagnetic pulse output is always in the best action interval for promoting growth of granulation under the premise of ensuring treatment safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of burn wound repair and physical therapy technology, specifically to an adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure that promotes granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds. Background Technology

[0002] The application of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) technology in the biomedical field has been extensively studied. Research shows that EMPs with appropriate parameters can stimulate cell proliferation, promote angiogenesis, and accelerate wound healing. In burn wound treatment, EMPs can exert their effects through the following mechanisms: inducing fibroblasts to secrete collagen, promoting macrophages to release growth factors, and improving local microcirculation in the wound, thereby providing favorable conditions for granulation tissue formation. For difficult-to-heal burn wounds, commonly used clinical treatments include conservative dressing changes, surgical debridement, skin grafting, or flap repair. However, these methods still have certain limitations in promoting the growth of basal granulation tissue, especially for wounds that are difficult to heal spontaneously with conservative treatment, wounds requiring rapid establishment of a good base before skin grafting, and wounds with residual unhealed areas after skin grafting. How to safely and effectively promote uniform granulation tissue growth is a pressing clinical problem that needs to be solved.

[0003] Some existing electromagnetic pulse therapy devices have the following defects in practical applications: they lack the ability to dynamically adjust the output parameters and cannot automatically adjust the energy output according to the real-time status of the wound, such as temperature changes, which leads to unstable treatment effects or the risk of thermal damage. In particular, they are difficult to take into account the differentiated needs of different wound types and sizes for treatment parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure that promotes granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds, in order to solve the problem that the existing technology cannot automatically adjust the energy output according to the real-time status of the wound, such as temperature changes, which leads to unstable treatment effects or the risk of thermal damage. In particular, it is difficult to take into account the differentiated needs of treatment parameters for different wound types and sizes.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds, including an electromagnetic pulse generator for generating and applying an electromagnetic pulse field with adjustable parameters to the target wound.

[0006] A control and adjustment unit, electrically connected to the electromagnetic pulse generator, is used to receive commands and adjust the parameters of the electromagnetic pulse field;

[0007] The wound information acquisition unit is used to acquire the status information of the target wound in real time;

[0008] The coverage adjustment mechanism is mechanically coupled to the radiation end of the electromagnetic pulse generator and is used to adjust the effective coverage of the electromagnetic pulse field according to the size and shape of the wound in different areas of the body.

[0009] An energy and duration adaptive adjustment module is used to automatically calculate and set initial electromagnetic pulse parameters based on the wound type obtained by the wound information acquisition unit;

[0010] The temperature control and safety feedback module is used to monitor the operating temperature of the electromagnetic pulse generator and the wound surface temperature in real time.

[0011] The energy and duration adaptive adjustment module can receive real-time temperature data sent by the temperature control and safety feedback module, and issue instructions to the control and adjustment unit to increase power, decrease power, or maintain the current parameters based on the degree of deviation of the real-time temperature data from the preset temperature range.

[0012] Furthermore, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module adjusts according to real-time temperature data. Perform the following judgment:

[0013] when At that time, a power reduction command is issued, in which To preset the safe threshold temperature, For safety buffer zones;

[0014] when At that time, a power-up command is issued, in which The minimum effective operating temperature;

[0015] when When this happens, a command is issued to maintain the current parameters.

[0016] Furthermore, in the power reduction command, the output energy density E is adjusted to... Where E is the current energy density, It is the attenuation factor and satisfies ;

[0017] In the power-up command, the output energy density E is adjusted to ,in For targeted therapy temperature, This is the gain coefficient.

[0018] Furthermore, the adjustable parameters of the electromagnetic pulse generator include: output energy density, pulse frequency, single-action duration, and interval time.

[0019] Furthermore, the wound types acquired by the wound information acquisition unit include at least the following three categories:

[0020] Category 1 wounds: Burn wounds that are difficult to heal spontaneously with conservative treatment;

[0021] Type II wounds: Burn wounds requiring surgical debridement and before skin grafting or flap repair, where basal granulation tissue is needed for growth.

[0022] Category 3 wounds: Residual unhealed wounds where local skin grafts failed to survive after surgical treatment;

[0023] The energy and duration adaptive adjustment module is used to call the preset energy and duration mapping relationship table according to the above three types of wounds.

[0024] Furthermore, the coverage adjustment mechanism includes:

[0025] Replaceable radiation probes are available in various area sizes;

[0026] Deformable radiating surface, which can change the curvature and projected area of ​​the radiating surface through a robotic arm or flexible structure;

[0027] An array of independently controllable radiation units is used to adapt to wounds of different sizes and shapes by selectively turning some units on or off.

[0028] Furthermore, the temperature control and safety feedback module also includes an over-temperature protection subunit:

[0029] When real-time temperature At that time, among them To ensure an absolutely safe cutoff temperature, the over-temperature protection subunit can independently and directly cut off the power output of the electromagnetic pulse generator, separate from the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module.

[0030] Furthermore, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module also includes a formula for assessing wound healing progress:

[0031]

[0032] Where R represents the percentage of granulation tissue coverage;

[0033] The area of ​​newly formed red granulation tissue at the base of the wound at the current moment is obtained by the wound information acquisition unit through image recognition.

[0034] This represents the initial total wound area;

[0035] when At that time, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module is used to reduce the output energy density to 50% of the initial value;

[0036] when At that time, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module is used to issue a stop treatment command.

[0037] Furthermore, the attenuation factor k and the gain coefficient α satisfy the following relationship:

[0038]

[0039] in, and This is an empirical adjustment coefficient, with a value range of [value range missing]. .

[0040] Furthermore, the array-type independent controllable radiation unit is arranged in an M×N matrix, each unit can be turned on or off independently, and receives wound contour coordinate data from the wound information acquisition unit through the control and adjustment unit, automatically activating the radiation unit located inside the wound contour projection.

[0041] The control and adjustment unit is also equipped with a human-machine interface, which allows the operator to manually input or override the energy density, duration of action and coverage mode automatically calculated by the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves dynamic closed-loop adjustment of electromagnetic pulse output parameters by setting up a collaborative interaction between the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module and the temperature control safety feedback module. It can automatically execute instructions to increase power, decrease power or maintain the current parameters according to the real-time temperature changes of the wound, so as to ensure the electromagnetic pulse output is always in the optimal range for promoting granulation tissue growth while ensuring the safety of treatment.

[0043] By setting up a coverage adjustment mechanism, this invention can adapt to the size and shape of wounds in different areas of the body, solving the problem that traditional fixed radiating devices cannot adapt to irregular or large-area wounds. By setting up a wound information acquisition unit and combining it with an energy duration mapping table, this invention can call up differentiated initial treatment parameters for wounds that are difficult to heal on their own under conservative treatment, wounds prepared for skin grafting, and residual unhealed wounds after skin grafting, achieving precise adaptive treatment for three types of difficult-to-heal burn wounds with different pathological characteristics.

[0044] The independent cutting mechanism of the overheat protection subunit forms a dual safety guarantee, effectively avoiding tissue thermal damage caused by temperature control failure, significantly promoting the uniform growth of granulation tissue at the base of difficult-to-heal burn wounds, providing good base conditions for subsequent skin grafting or flap repair, improving skin graft survival rate, and reducing operational complexity and treatment risks. Attached Figure Description

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the electromagnetic pulse generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic pulse generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention from a low angle. Attached Figure Description

[0049] 1. Pulse generator; 2. Portable handle; 3. Placement area; 4. Interactive screen. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 3 As shown:

[0052] Example:

[0053] This invention provides an adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting granulation growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds. It includes an electromagnetic pulse generator for generating and applying an electromagnetic pulse field with adjustable parameters to the target wound. The electromagnetic pulse generator includes a pulse generator 1 for treatment, a portable handle 2 fixedly mounted on the pulse generator 1, which can be carried directly by the portable handle 2 or carried by the strap, a placement area 3 at the bottom of the pulse generator 1 for placing a treatment pad, and an interactive screen 4 on the pulse generator 1, which facilitates parameter adjustment and other operations by the operator.

[0054] A control and adjustment unit, electrically connected to the electromagnetic pulse generator, is used to receive commands and adjust the parameters of the electromagnetic pulse field;

[0055] The wound information acquisition unit is used to acquire the status information of the target wound in real time;

[0056] The coverage adjustment mechanism is mechanically coupled to the radiation end of the electromagnetic pulse generator and is used to adjust the effective coverage of the electromagnetic pulse field according to the size and shape of the wound in different areas of the body.

[0057] An energy and duration adaptive adjustment module is used to automatically calculate and set initial electromagnetic pulse parameters based on the wound type obtained by the wound information acquisition unit;

[0058] The temperature control and safety feedback module is used to monitor the operating temperature of the electromagnetic pulse generator and the wound surface temperature in real time.

[0059] The energy and duration adaptive adjustment module can receive real-time temperature data sent by the temperature control and safety feedback module, and issue instructions to the control and adjustment unit to increase power, decrease power, or maintain the current parameters based on the degree of deviation of the real-time temperature data from the preset temperature range.

[0060] Furthermore, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module adjusts according to real-time temperature data. Perform the following judgment:

[0061] when At that time, a power reduction command is issued, in which To preset the safe threshold temperature, For safety buffer zones;

[0062] when At that time, a power-up command is issued, in which The minimum effective operating temperature;

[0063] when When this happens, a command is issued to maintain the current parameters.

[0064] In the power reduction command, the output energy density E is adjusted to... Where E is the current energy density, It is the attenuation factor and satisfies ;

[0065] In the power-up command, the output energy density E is adjusted to ,in For targeted therapy temperature, This is the gain coefficient.

[0066] Specifically, the adjustable parameters of the electromagnetic pulse generator include: output energy density, pulse frequency, single-action duration, and interval time.

[0067] It should be noted that the wound types acquired by the wound information acquisition unit include at least the following three categories:

[0068] Category 1 wounds: Burn wounds that are difficult to heal spontaneously with conservative treatment;

[0069] Type II wounds: Burn wounds requiring surgical debridement and before skin grafting or flap repair, where basal granulation tissue is needed for growth.

[0070] Category 3 wounds: Residual unhealed wounds where local skin grafts failed to survive after surgical treatment;

[0071] The energy and duration adaptive adjustment module is used to call the preset energy and duration mapping relationship table according to the above three types of wounds. The table contents are as follows:

[0072] Category 1 Conservative treatment makes it difficult for wounds to heal on their own. 15-25 20 5~10 30 Category 2 Wound preparation after debridement / before skin grafting 35~55 30 15~25 20 Category 3 Residual unhealed wound after skin graft 20~35 25 8~15 25

[0073] Preferably, an extended mapping sub-table with an area dimension can be used as a reference, the contents of which are as follows:

[0074] A ≤ 25 35 25 Small area, moderate stimulation 25 < A ≤ 100 45 30 Medium area, standard stimulation A > 100 55 35 Large areas require zoned irradiation.

[0075] This extended mapping sub-table with area dimension is mainly for the second type of wound.

[0076] Furthermore, the coverage adjustment mechanism includes:

[0077] Replaceable radiation probes are available in various area sizes;

[0078] Deformable radiating surface, which can change the curvature and projected area of ​​the radiating surface through a robotic arm or flexible structure;

[0079] An array of independently controllable radiation units is used to adapt to wounds of different sizes and shapes by selectively turning some units on or off.

[0080] The temperature control and safety feedback module also includes an over-temperature protection subunit:

[0081] When real-time temperature At that time, among them To ensure an absolutely safe cutoff temperature, the over-temperature protection subunit can independently and directly cut off the power output of the electromagnetic pulse generator, separate from the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module.

[0082] In addition, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module also includes a formula for assessing wound healing progress:

[0083]

[0084] Where R represents the percentage of granulation tissue coverage;

[0085] The area of ​​newly formed red granulation tissue at the base of the wound at the current moment is obtained by the wound information acquisition unit through image recognition.

[0086] This represents the initial total wound area;

[0087] when At that time, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module is used to reduce the output energy density to 50% of the initial value;

[0088] when At that time, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module is used to issue a stop treatment command.

[0089] Furthermore, the attenuation factor k and the gain coefficient α satisfy the following relationship:

[0090]

[0091] in, and This is an empirical adjustment coefficient, with a value range of [value range missing]. .

[0092] Furthermore, the array-type independent controllable radiation units are arranged in an M×N matrix, each unit can be turned on or off independently, and the control and adjustment unit receives wound contour coordinate data from the wound information acquisition unit, automatically activating the radiation units located inside the wound contour projection.

[0093] The control and adjustment unit is also equipped with a human-machine interface, which allows the operator to manually input or override the energy density, duration of action and coverage mode automatically calculated by the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module.

[0094] Working principle: Before treatment begins, the operator first starts the system through the human-computer interaction interface. The wound information acquisition unit acquires and identifies images of the target wound, automatically determining its type. If the wound is identified as a burn wound that is difficult to heal on its own with conservative treatment, it is classified as Category I; if it is a wound that requires preparation of the base for skin grafting or flap repair after surgical debridement, it is classified as Category II; if it is a residual unhealed wound where local skin grafting has failed after skin grafting, it is classified as Category III.

[0095] After identification, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module automatically calls the internally stored energy-duration mapping table based on the identification results. For the first type of wound, the module sets the initial energy density to 15-25 millijoules per square centimeter, the initial duration to 20 minutes, the pulse frequency to 5-10 Hz, and the interval to 30 seconds. For the second type of wound, the initial energy density is set to 35-55 millijoules per square centimeter, the duration to 30 minutes, the pulse frequency to 15-25 Hz, and the interval to 20 seconds. For the third type of wound, the initial energy density is set to 20-35 millijoules per square centimeter, the duration to 25 minutes, the pulse frequency to 8-15 Hz, and the interval to 25 seconds. If the area of ​​the second type of wound is large, the system will further refine the parameters according to the wound area; the larger the area, the higher the energy density and the longer the duration.

[0096] After the initial parameters are set, the coverage adjustment mechanism begins operation. The operator selects a suitable replaceable radiation probe based on the actual size and shape of the wound and installs it on the radiation end of the electromagnetic pulse generator. Alternatively, the operator can use a robotic arm or flexible structure to change the curvature and projected area of ​​the deformable radiation surface, ensuring the radiation range closely matches the wound contour. If an array of independently controllable radiation units is used, the system automatically activates the radiation units located within the wound contour projection and deactivates the remaining units based on the wound contour coordinate data provided by the units, creating an irradiation area precisely adapted to the wound shape.

[0097] After completing the above settings, the operator initiates the treatment via the control and adjustment unit. The electromagnetic pulse generator begins outputting an electromagnetic pulse field to the wound according to the set initial parameters. During the treatment, the temperature control and safety feedback module monitors the operating temperature of the electromagnetic pulse generator and the wound surface temperature in real time, and sends the real-time temperature data to the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module.

[0098] After receiving real-time temperature data, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module performs corresponding operations based on the deviation of the data from the preset temperature range. When the real-time temperature is greater than or equal to the preset safety threshold temperature minus the safety buffer zone, the module determines that the current temperature is too high and issues a power reduction command, adjusting the output energy density according to the formula to the current energy density multiplied by one minus the product of an attenuation factor and the temperature deviation ratio, thereby reducing the thermal effect. When the real-time temperature is less than or equal to the effective minimum temperature, the module determines that the current energy is insufficient and issues a power increase command, adjusting the output energy density according to the formula to the current energy density multiplied by one plus the gain coefficient and the temperature deficiency ratio, thereby enhancing the stimulation effect. When the real-time temperature is between the effective minimum temperature and the preset safety threshold temperature minus the safety buffer zone, the module determines that the current temperature is within the ideal range and issues a command to maintain the current parameters. The above adjusted commands are sent to the control and adjustment unit, which performs real-time control of the electromagnetic pulse generator, forming a closed-loop feedback.

[0099] During treatment, if the temperature control and safety feedback module detects that the real-time temperature has reached the absolute safe cutoff temperature, the over-temperature protection subunit will directly cut off the power output of the electromagnetic pulse generator independently of the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module, and send an over-temperature interruption signal to the control and adjustment unit, thereby providing a second layer of safety protection.

[0100] While treatment continues, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module periodically calculates the granulation tissue coverage percentage based on the area of ​​newly formed red granulation tissue acquired by the wound information acquisition unit through image recognition. This percentage is equal to the current area of ​​newly formed granulation tissue divided by the initial total wound area and then multiplied by 100%. When this percentage reaches 80%, the module automatically reduces the output energy density to 50% of the initial value, and the system enters maintenance mode. When this percentage reaches 95%, the module issues a stop treatment command, the control and adjustment unit terminates the output of the electromagnetic pulse generator, and the treatment ends.

[0101] Throughout the treatment process, the operator can also view the system's operating status at any time through the human-computer interaction interface, and manually input or adjust the energy density, duration of action, and coverage mode according to clinical judgment, so as to achieve more flexible operation control.

[0102] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds, characterized in that, include: An electromagnetic pulse generator is used to generate and apply an electromagnetic pulse field with adjustable parameters to the target wound. A control and adjustment unit, electrically connected to the electromagnetic pulse generator, is used to receive commands and adjust the parameters of the electromagnetic pulse field; The wound information acquisition unit is used to acquire the status information of the target wound in real time; The coverage adjustment mechanism is mechanically coupled to the radiation end of the electromagnetic pulse generator and is used to adjust the effective coverage of the electromagnetic pulse field according to the size and shape of the wound in different areas of the body. An energy and duration adaptive adjustment module is used to automatically calculate and set initial electromagnetic pulse parameters based on the wound type obtained by the wound information acquisition unit; The temperature control and safety feedback module is used to monitor the operating temperature of the electromagnetic pulse generator and the wound surface temperature in real time. The energy and duration adaptive adjustment module can receive real-time temperature data sent by the temperature control and safety feedback module, and issue instructions to the control and adjustment unit to increase power, decrease power, or maintain the current parameters based on the degree of deviation of the real-time temperature data from the preset temperature range.

2. The adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy and duration adaptive adjustment module adjusts based on real-time temperature data. Perform the following judgment: when At that time, a power reduction command is issued, in which To preset the safe threshold temperature, For safety buffer zones; when At that time, a power-up command is issued, in which The minimum effective operating temperature; when When this happens, a command is issued to maintain the current parameters.

3. The adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the power reduction command, the output energy density E is adjusted to Where E is the current energy density, It is the attenuation factor and satisfies ; In the power-up command, the output energy density E is adjusted to ,in For targeted therapy temperature, This is the gain coefficient.

4. The adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable parameters of the electromagnetic pulse generator include: output energy density, pulse frequency, single-action duration, and interval time.

5. The adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wound types acquired by the wound information acquisition unit include at least the following three categories: Category 1 wounds: Burn wounds that are difficult to heal spontaneously with conservative treatment; Type II wounds: Burn wounds requiring surgical debridement and before skin grafting or flap repair, where basal granulation tissue is needed for growth. Category 3 wounds: Residual unhealed wounds where local skin grafts failed to survive after surgical treatment; The energy and duration adaptive adjustment module is used to call the preset energy and duration mapping relationship table according to the above three types of wounds.

6. The adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coverage adjustment mechanism includes: Replaceable radiation probes are available in various area sizes; Deformable radiating surface, which can change the curvature and projected area of ​​the radiating surface through a robotic arm or flexible structure; An array of independently controllable radiation units is used to adapt to wounds of different sizes and shapes by selectively turning some units on or off.

7. The adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control and safety feedback module also includes an over-temperature protection subunit: When real-time temperature At that time, among them To ensure an absolutely safe cutoff temperature, the over-temperature protection subunit can independently and directly cut off the power output of the electromagnetic pulse generator, separate from the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module.

8. The adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy and duration adaptive adjustment module also includes a formula for assessing wound healing progress. Where R represents the percentage of granulation tissue coverage; The area of ​​newly formed red granulation tissue at the base of the wound at the current moment is obtained by the wound information acquisition unit through image recognition. This represents the initial total wound area; when At that time, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module is used to reduce the output energy density to 50% of the initial value; when At that time, the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module is used to issue a stop treatment command.

9. The adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds according to claim 3, characterized in that, The attenuation factor k and the gain coefficient α satisfy the following relationship: in, and This is an empirical adjustment coefficient, with a value range of [value range missing]. .

10. The adjustable electromagnetic pulse structure for promoting granulation tissue growth in difficult-to-heal burn wounds according to claim 6, characterized in that, The array-type independent controllable radiation units are arranged in an M×N matrix. Each unit can be turned on or off independently. The control and adjustment unit receives wound contour coordinate data from the wound information acquisition unit and automatically activates the radiation units located inside the wound contour projection. The control and adjustment unit is also equipped with a human-machine interface, which allows the operator to manually input or override the energy density, duration of action and coverage mode automatically calculated by the energy and duration adaptive adjustment module.

Images