A thermal runaway propagation blocking fire extinguishing device for energy storage cabinets

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of energy storage fire fighting, and particularly relates to a kind of energy storage cabinet thermal runaway spread blocking type fire fighting device.The energy storage cabinet thermal runaway spread blocking type fire fighting device comprises a cabinet body, a battery sub-bin, a multi-source detection unit, a directional spraying unit, an airflow blocking unit, an electrical cutting unit and a fire control unit.The multi-source detection unit outputs temperature, smoke, flammable gas and linear temperature sensing detection signals, and the fire control unit divides states according to the detection signals in the same battery sub-bin.When the battery sub-bin enters a confirmed abnormal state, the electrical cutting unit is controlled to cut off the electrical circuit, the airflow blocking unit is controlled to close the air inlet and outlet branch of the battery sub-bin, and when feedback is closed in place or timeout triggers forced action, the directional spraying unit is controlled to spray fire extinguishing medium, and at the same time, the adjacent battery sub-bin is adjusted to an early abnormal state.The present application can solve or at least alleviate the problem of thermal runaway of the energy storage cabinet spreading along the ventilation channel to adjacent sub-bins, and provides a kind of energy storage cabinet thermal runaway spread blocking type fire fighting device.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy storage fire fighting, in particular to a heat runaway spreading blocking type fire fighting device for energy storage cabinet. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the expansion of new energy power generation and industrial and commercial energy storage application scale, a large number of electrochemical energy storage systems are deployed in the form of cabinet or cabin structure in power station sites or user side places, the energy storage cabinet integrates several battery modules, power distribution units and temperature control units, the energy storage density in unit volume is high, once the local battery unit occurs heat runaway, it will possibly cause fire and affect adjacent battery modules and adjacent sub-warehouses, causing the energy storage system to be out of operation for a long time.

[0003] In the prior art, the energy storage cabinet fire fighting is mostly configured with smoke sensing, temperature and humidity detection, combustible gas detection and other sensors in the cabinet, and the gas fire extinguishing system is linked through the fire alarm controller, and some schemes also use spraying or fine water mist to cool the battery modules to suppress and extinguish the heat runaway process. The existing engineering practice shows that when the heat runaway occurs in the battery cabinet, if only a single type of detector is triggered to trigger the whole cabinet to spray, unnecessary spraying problems caused by single point false alarm are prone to occur, and it is also difficult to take into account the differentiated needs of different fire stages for the amount of extinguishing medium and the spraying area.

[0004] On the other hand, the energy storage cabinet is usually provided with an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel for battery module heat dissipation and cabinet air circulation, when heat runaway occurs in a certain battery sub-warehouse, high temperature smoke and combustible decomposition gas are generated, if the ventilation channel remains connected, it may spread to adjacent sub-warehouses or adjacent cabinet along the air duct direction, thereby causing heat runaway to spread and causing a larger range of fire accidents. Some existing schemes slow down the accident consequences by setting explosion-proof pressure relief structure, partitioned fire extinguishing system and other ways in the energy storage cabin, but the air flow path control between the cabinet air duct and the adjacent sub-warehouse is insufficient, and the physical channel level rapid blocking cannot be realized in the early stage of heat runaway.

[0005] At the same time, in the cabinet level application, the common fire fighting control logic is mostly to directly control the corresponding fire extinguishing device to act after any detector triggers an alarm, and to link power off when necessary, but there is a lack of unified state management and linkage strategy between the current sub-warehouse disposal and the adjacent sub-warehouse warning or pre-blocking, which cannot form a hierarchical blocking control link of the heat runaway spreading path, and it is difficult to retain the operation ability of the unaffected sub-warehouses and cabinets as much as possible under the premise of ensuring safety.

[0006] In summary, the existing energy storage cabinet fire extinguishing scheme has the following improvement needs: first, combining multiple detection signals in the same battery sub-cabin to reduce false alarm rate and identify different stages of abnormal state; second, after thermal runaway is confirmed, the air flow channel between the sub-cabin and the adjacent sub-cabin is quickly closed by the execution component associated with the ventilation channel, thereby physically blocking the spread of thermal runaway; third, while disposing of the sub-cabin, the state of the adjacent sub-cabin is linked and enhanced to manage the risk of thermal runaway spread. SUMMARY

[0007] To achieve the above invention purposes, the present application provides an energy storage cabinet thermal runaway spread blocking type fire extinguishing device, which aims to solve or at least alleviate the problems of insufficient utilization of multi-source detection information, lack of targeted blocking of ventilation channels, and imperfect linkage control between the sub-cabin and the adjacent sub-cabin in the existing energy storage cabinet fire extinguishing system.

[0008] To achieve the above purposes, the present application provides the following technical scheme: an energy storage cabinet thermal runaway spread blocking type fire extinguishing device, comprising a cabinet body, a plurality of battery sub-cabin divided along the inside of the cabinet body and isolated from each other, a plurality of multi-source detection units respectively arranged in each battery sub-cabin, a directional spraying unit respectively arranged corresponding to each battery sub-cabin, an air flow blocking unit arranged in the inlet and outlet branch of the main ventilation channel of each battery sub-cabin independently connected to the cabinet body, an electrical cut-off unit for cutting off the electrical circuit of each battery sub-cabin, and a fire control unit. The multi-source detection unit is used to output temperature detection signal, smoke detection signal, flammable gas detection signal and linear temperature detection signal associated with the corresponding battery sub-cabin; The fire control unit is configured to: combine the detection signals output by the multi-source detection unit of the same battery sub-cabin to divide the state of the battery sub-cabin into normal state, early abnormal state, confirmed abnormal state or spread blocking state; when the state of a certain battery sub-cabin is determined to be a confirmed abnormal state, control the electrical cut-off unit corresponding to the battery sub-cabin to cut off the corresponding electrical circuit, control the air flow blocking unit corresponding to the battery sub-cabin to close the inlet and outlet branch of the battery sub-cabin, and when the air flow blocking unit feedback is in the closed state, or after issuing the closing instruction for more than a preset fault tolerance time, the feedback signal is not received, the directional spraying unit corresponding to the battery sub-cabin is forced to spray fire extinguishing medium into the battery sub-cabin, and at least one battery sub-cabin adjacent to the battery sub-cabin is adjusted from the normal state to the early abnormal state for enhanced monitoring.

[0009] To further implement the present application, the following technical solutions can be preferred: Preferably, the multi-source detection unit comprises temperature detectors, smoke detectors, flammable gas detectors installed at different heights inside each battery sub-cage, and linear temperature sensing components arranged along the top of each battery sub-cage or near the ventilation channel; The fire control controller is configured to: when at least two types of detectors among the temperature detectors, the smoke detectors, the flammable gas detectors and the linear temperature sensing components continuously output detection signals meeting the abnormality determination condition within a preset time interval in the same battery sub-cage, update the state of the battery sub-cage from the early abnormality state to the confirmed abnormality state, otherwise, keep or restore the state of the battery sub-cage to the normal state or the early abnormality state.

[0010] Preferably, the air flow blocking unit comprises controllable fireproof baffles arranged in the air inlet and outlet branches of each battery sub-cage, air inlet closing members arranged on the air inlet side of the cabinet body, and air outlet closing members arranged on the air outlet side of the cabinet body, the controllable fireproof baffles are configured with high-temperature-resistant valve bodies, spring energy storage reset mechanisms and electromagnetic tripping release devices, and the controllable fireproof baffles are electrically connected with the fire control controller and are provided with state feedback members for indicating the opening and closing positions of the baffles. The fire control controller is configured to: when the state of a certain battery sub-cage is determined as the confirmed abnormality state, output a closing instruction to the controllable fireproof baffle corresponding to the battery sub-cage and receive a closing-to-position feedback signal from the state feedback member, if the closing-to-position feedback signal is received within a first preset time, the directional spraying unit corresponding to the battery sub-cage is allowed to perform a standard spraying action, if the closing-to-position feedback signal is not received within the first preset time, it is determined that the controllable fireproof baffle is mechanically blocked, at this time, the directional spraying unit is forcibly triggered to perform a spraying action, and a super-compensation spraying mode is simultaneously started to compensate for the loss of fire extinguishing medium caused by the air flow channel not being tightly sealed.

[0011] Preferably, the directional spraying unit comprises spray heads corresponding to each battery sub-cage and spraying control valves connected with the spray heads, and the spray heads are arranged to face the battery module area or the air flow concentration area inside each battery sub-cage. The fire control controller is configured to: when the air flow blocking unit corresponding to a certain battery sub-cage feeds back that it is in a closed-to-position state or is triggered to forcibly spray due to timeout, and the state of the battery sub-cage is the confirmed abnormality state, control the spraying control valve corresponding to the battery sub-cage to open to spray fire extinguishing medium into the battery sub-cage, and each battery sub-cage is independently connected with an anti-explosion one-way pressure relief valve on its outer wall for passive opening and pressure relief when spraying fire extinguishing medium, and the state of at least one battery sub-cage directly adjacent to the battery sub-cage is adjusted from the normal state to the early abnormality state, and the sampling frequency and alarm level of the multi-source detection unit in the adjacent battery sub-cage are simultaneously increased.

[0012] Preferably, the fire control controller is provided with a state judgment module for classifying the states of each battery sub-compartment, which is configured to perform time interval statistics and combined judgment on the detection signals output by the multi-source detection unit of each battery sub-compartment, so as to set the state of the corresponding battery sub-compartment to a normal state when no detection signal is detected within a first time window to meet the abnormal judgment condition, set the state of the corresponding battery sub-compartment to an early abnormal state when at least one type of detection signal is detected within the first time window to meet the abnormal judgment condition, and set the state of the corresponding battery sub-compartment to a confirmed abnormal state when at least two types of detection signals are continuously detected within a second time window to meet the abnormal judgment condition.

[0013] Preferably, the fire control controller is further provided with a spread blocking control module, which is configured to continuously receive the detection signals output by the multi-source detection unit of a certain battery sub-compartment and at least one battery sub-compartment adjacent to the certain battery sub-compartment after the state of the certain battery sub-compartment is set to the confirmed abnormal state and the electrical cut-off, airflow blocking and directional discharge actions corresponding to the certain battery sub-compartment are completed, and set the state of the adjacent battery sub-compartment to a spread blocking state and synchronously control the electrical cut-off unit and the airflow blocking unit corresponding to the adjacent battery sub-compartment to act when it is detected that the detection signals of the adjacent battery sub-compartment meet the preset spread judgment condition.

[0014] Preferably, the fire control controller is electrically connected with the execution state detection components of the airflow blocking unit and the directional discharge unit. The fire control controller is configured to start the forced discharge action and the excessive compensation discharge mode if no closing-to-position feedback corresponding to the closing instruction is received within a preset fault tolerance time after issuing the action instruction to the airflow blocking unit and the directional discharge unit, set the state of the corresponding battery sub-compartment to the spread blocking state directly and set the states of all battery sub-compartments adjacent to the battery sub-compartment to the early abnormal state if no discharge completion feedback corresponding to the discharge instruction is received, and send the actuator failure alarm information to the upper monitoring system through the communication interface.

[0015] Preferably, the fire control controller is provided with an event recording unit, which is configured to record the detection signals of the multi-source detection unit and the action states of each execution unit in time sequence when the state of each battery sub-compartment changes and the electrical cut-off unit, the airflow blocking unit and the directional discharge unit corresponding to each battery sub-compartment act, so as to form the event record containing the corresponding relationship between the detection data and the execution action after the heat runaway spread blocking process is completed.

[0016] Preferably, the fire control controller is also in communication connection with an upper monitoring system, and the fire control controller is configured to upload the state information of any battery sub-compartment, the action state of the electrical cut-off unit, the action state of the air flow blocking unit and the spraying state of the directional spraying unit to the upper monitoring system through the communication interface when the state of the battery sub-compartment is set to the confirmed abnormal state or the spread blocking state, so that the upper monitoring system adjusts the power distribution and operation mode of the energy storage system corresponding to the battery sub-compartment according to the state information.

[0017] Preferably, the cabinet body is a metal cabinet body for mounting battery modules, power distribution units and air conditioning units, and the plurality of battery sub-compartments are arranged side by side in the longitudinal or transverse direction of the cabinet body and are isolated from each other by partitions. The ventilation channels of each battery sub-compartment are in communication with the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel of the cabinet body through the air flow blocking unit. The electrical cut-off unit is connected to the busbar or power distribution branch of the battery module in each battery sub-compartment, so as to cut off the charging and discharging circuit of the corresponding battery sub-compartment when the fire control controller issues a cut-off instruction, thereby realizing directional spraying and blocking the spread path of thermal runaway when thermal runaway occurs in the battery sub-compartment.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present application are: The present application divides the inside of the battery cabinet into a plurality of mutually isolated battery sub-compartments, and sets multiple source detection units, directional spraying units and air flow blocking units in each battery sub-compartment, and further combines a unified fire control controller and an electrical cut-off unit, so as to form local treatment for a single battery sub-compartment and linkage prevention for adjacent battery sub-compartments, thereby realizing blocking control of the spread path of thermal runaway in the cabinet when thermal runaway occurs.

[0019] By simultaneously collecting multiple detection signals such as temperature, smoke, flammable gas and linear temperature in the same battery sub-compartment, and combining the detection signals in a time interval in the fire control controller, the present application can distinguish the state of the battery sub-compartment into normal state, early abnormal state, confirmed abnormal state and spread blocking state, thereby reducing unnecessary spraying caused by single point false alarm, and facilitating the adoption of different spraying and blocking strategies in different states to adapt to different stages of battery thermal runaway from initial abnormality to fire development.

[0020] By setting controllable fireproof baffles, air inlet closing members and air outlet closing members as air flow blocking units in the air inlet and outlet branches of each battery sub-compartment connected to the main air duct, and establishing an interlocking relationship between the position feedback of the baffles and the spraying action of the directional spraying unit, the present application can ensure that the air inlet and outlet branches of the battery sub-compartment have been closed while controlling the directional spraying of the fire extinguishing medium in the battery sub-compartment, thereby forming a relatively closed processing space during spraying and reducing the risk of high-temperature flue gas and flammable decomposition gas spreading along the air duct to adjacent sub-compartments.

[0021] In addition, the application sets a state judgment module and a spread blocking control module in the fire control controller, after a certain battery sub-cabin is determined to be in a confirmed abnormal state and completes the actions of electrical disconnection, airflow blocking and directional discharge, the state of the battery sub-cabin adjacent to the battery sub-cabin is automatically upgraded to an early abnormal state, and the corresponding judgment time window is shortened, so that the adjacent sub-cabin is in a more stringent monitoring state in the subsequent operation process, and when it is detected that the adjacent sub-cabin meets the spread judgment condition, the adjacent sub-cabin automatically enters the spread blocking state, thereby implementing hierarchical blocking of the risk of thermal runaway spread without expanding the discharge range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application.

[0023] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the battery sub-cabin and the arrangement of the multi-source detection unit.

[0024] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the air inlet and outlet branch of the battery sub-cabin connected to the main ventilation channel and the structure of the airflow blocking unit.

[0025] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal modules of the fire control controller and the state transition relationship.

[0026] The drawings show that: 1, cabinet; 2, battery sub-cabin; 3, multi-source detection unit; 4, directional discharge unit; 5, airflow blocking unit; 6, electrical disconnection unit; 7, fire control controller; 8, controllable baffle; 9, air inlet closing piece; 10, air outlet closing piece; 11, state judgment module; 12, spread blocking control module; 13, event recording unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In the description of the application, it should be explained that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "arrangement", "installation", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0029] like Figs. 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a thermal runaway propagation blocking fire-fighting device for an energy storage cabinet, including a cabinet body 1, multiple battery sub-compartments 2, a multi-source detection unit 3, a directional spray unit 4, an airflow blocking unit 5, an electrical cut-off unit 6, and a fire controller 7. The battery sub-compartments 2 are formed along the internal space of the cabinet body 1, and the multiple battery sub-compartments 2 are arranged side by side and isolated from each other by partitions. The multi-source detection unit 3, the directional spray unit 4, the airflow blocking unit 5, and the electrical cut-off unit 6 are respectively electrically connected to the fire controller 7.

[0030] The multi-source detection unit 3 is disposed inside each battery sub-compartment 2 and is used to collect temperature, smoke, combustible gas concentration and temperature sensing information distributed along the top space related to the internal operating status of the battery sub-compartment 2. In this embodiment of the invention, the multi-source detection unit 3 may include a temperature detector, a smoke detector, a combustible gas detector and a linear temperature sensing component, or it may include a composite detection device that integrates the above detection functions. The temperature detector and the smoke detector are respectively installed on the inner side wall of the battery sub-compartment 2. The combustible gas detector may be installed on the inner side wall of the battery sub-compartment 2 or in a space near the top of the battery module. The linear temperature sensing component is installed in the top area of ​​the battery sub-compartment 2 and is used to monitor the temperature change of the top space inside the battery sub-compartment 2 along the length direction.

[0031] The directional spray unit 4 includes nozzles corresponding to each battery sub-compartment 2 and spray control valves connected to the nozzles. The nozzles are installed on the inner wall or top structure of the battery sub-compartment 2, and the spray direction of the nozzles is towards the battery module area or airflow concentration area within the battery sub-compartment 2. The spray control valve is connected to a fire-fighting medium storage container and is used to open or close when receiving a spray control command from the fire controller 7 to control the spraying of the fire-fighting medium to the corresponding battery sub-compartment 2. In this embodiment of the invention, the fire-fighting medium can be perfluorohexanone, inert gas, or aerosol fire-fighting agents, or other commonly used fire-fighting media for energy storage cabinets in the prior art. The spray control valve can be a solenoid valve or other electrically controllable valve.

[0032] The airflow blocking unit 5 is arranged in the air inlet and outlet branch of each battery sub-cabinet 2 independently connected to the main ventilation passage of the cabinet body, and / or the air inlet passage and the air outlet passage of the cabinet 1. In the embodiment of the present application, the airflow blocking unit 5 can include a controllable fireproof baffle 8 arranged in each air inlet and outlet branch, an air inlet closing member 9 arranged at the air inlet side of the cabinet 1, and an air outlet closing member 10 arranged at the air outlet side of the cabinet 1. The controllable fireproof baffle 8 can be installed in the corresponding air inlet and outlet branch through a rotating shaft, and be opened or closed by a driving mechanism. The air inlet closing member 9 and the air outlet closing member 10 can be controllable opening and closing louvers or valve structures. The controllable baffle 8, the air inlet closing member 9, and the air outlet closing member 10 are electrically connected with the fire control controller 7, and each is provided with a state feedback member for feeding back the opening and closing state, so as to feed back the current opening and closing position state of the controllable baffle 8, the air inlet closing member 9, and the air outlet

[0033] The electrical cut-off unit 6 is installed in the corresponding electrical circuit of each battery sub-cabinet 2. The electrical cut-off unit 6 can be a circuit breaker, a contactor, or other electrical switch device installed in the busbar or the outlet terminal, which can cut off the charging and discharging circuit of the battery sub-cabinet 2 under the control of the fire control controller 7. The electrical cut-off unit 6 is electrically connected with the fire control controller 7, so as to cut off the electrical circuit of the corresponding battery sub-cabinet 2 when receiving a cut-off instruction.

[0034] The fire control controller 7 is arranged in the cabinet 1 or a control cabinet adjacent to the cabinet 1, and is signal connected and control connected with the multi-source detection unit 3, the directional spraying unit 4, the airflow blocking unit 5, and the electrical cut-off unit 6. The fire control controller 7 is internally provided with a state judgment module 11, a spread blocking control module 12, and an event recording unit 13. The state judgment module 11 is used for judging the state of each battery sub-cabinet 2 according to the detection signal output by the multi-source detection unit 3, and dividing the state into a normal state, an early abnormal state, a confirmed abnormal state, and a spread blocking state. The spread blocking control module 12 is used for controlling the action of the corresponding electrical cut-off unit 6, airflow blocking unit 5, and directional spraying unit 4 when a certain battery sub-cabinet 2 enters the confirmed abnormal state or the spread blocking state, and updating the state of the adjacent battery sub-cabinet 2 according to the detection signal of the adjacent battery sub-cabinet 2. The event recording unit 13 is used for time-sequentially recording the detection signal of the multi-source detection unit 3 and the action state of each execution unit.

[0035] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the plurality of battery sub-warehouses 2 can be arranged side by side along the longitudinal direction of the cabinet body 1, or can be arranged side by side along the transverse direction of the cabinet body 1, and the battery sub-warehouses 2 are isolated by metal partitions or flame-retardant material partitions, the ventilation channels of each battery sub-warehouse 2 are respectively communicated with the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel of the cabinet body 1, and the controllable fireproof baffle 8 in the airflow blocking unit 5 is arranged in the air inlet and outlet branch of each battery sub-warehouse 2, and is used to cut off the airflow connection between the corresponding sub-warehouse and the main air duct when a thermal runaway event occurs.

[0036] The working principle of the energy storage cabinet thermal runaway propagation blocking type fire extinguishing device in the embodiments of the present application is as follows: the fire control controller 7 monitors the temperature, smoke, flammable gas concentration and top temperature distribution in each battery sub-warehouse 2 in real time through the multi-source detection unit 3, the state judgment module 11 performs time interval statistics and combined judgment on the collected detection signals, when each type of detection signal in a certain battery sub-warehouse 2 is within the normal range and does not satisfy the abnormal judgment condition within a predetermined time window, the state judgment module 11 sets the state of the battery sub-warehouse 2 to normal state; when at least one type of detection signal in the battery sub-warehouse 2 continuously satisfies the abnormal judgment condition within a first time window (for example, 3 to 5 seconds), the state judgment module 11 sets the state of the battery sub-warehouse 2 to early abnormal state; when at least two different types of detection signals in the battery sub-warehouse 2 continuously satisfy the abnormal judgment condition within a second time window (for example, 10 to 15 seconds), the state judgment module 11 sets the state of the battery sub-warehouse 2 as confirmed abnormal state.

[0037] When the state judgment module 11 sets the state of a certain battery sub-warehouse 2 to confirmed abnormal state, the propagation blocking control module 12 first controls the electrical cut-off unit 6 corresponding to the battery sub-warehouse 2 to act, cuts off the electrical circuit of the battery sub-warehouse 2, and avoids continuing to charge and discharge the battery sub-warehouse 2; then, the propagation blocking control module 12 outputs an action instruction to the airflow blocking unit 5 corresponding to the battery sub-warehouse 2, controls the controllable fireproof baffle 8 arranged in the air inlet and outlet branch of the battery sub-warehouse 2 to act, physically isolates the exchange of air flow outside the sub-warehouse, and controls the air inlet closing piece 9 and the air outlet closing piece 10 to close the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel of the cabinet body 1 as needed, after receiving the closing in place feedback signals from the controllable baffle 8, the air inlet closing piece 9 and the air outlet closing piece 10, the propagation blocking control module 12 controls the directional spraying unit 4 corresponding to the battery sub-warehouse 2 to act, so that the spraying control valve is opened and the spray head sprays the fire extinguishing medium into the battery sub-warehouse 2, and the thermal runaway battery module in the battery sub-warehouse 2 is extinguished and inertized.

[0038] In the above process, the spread blocking control module 12 also adjusts the state of at least one battery sub-tank 2 directly adjacent to the battery sub-tank 2 from the normal state to the early abnormal state, and shortens the first time window and the second time window corresponding to the adjacent battery sub-tank 2 in the state judgment module 11, so that the adjacent battery sub-tank 2 is more sensitive to the detection signal output by the multi-source detection unit 3 in the subsequent operation process; after the directional discharge unit 4 completes the discharge action, the spread blocking control module 12 continuously receives the detection signal output by the multi-source detection unit 3 of the battery sub-tank 2 and the battery sub-tank 2 adjacent thereto, and when it is detected that the detection signal of the adjacent battery sub-tank 2 meets the preset spread judgment condition, the state of the adjacent battery sub-tank 2 is set to the spread blocking state, and the electrical cut-off unit 6 and the airflow blocking unit 5 corresponding to the adjacent battery sub-tank 2 are controlled synchronously to act, so that the adjacent battery sub-tank 2 also enters the electrical isolation and airflow blocking state, thereby realizing the blocking of the heat runaway along the battery sub-tank 2.

[0039] If the multi-source detection unit 3 in the battery sub-tank 2 does not output the detection signal meeting the abnormal judgment condition within the preset observation time after the directional discharge unit 4 completes the discharge on the battery sub-tank 2, the spread blocking control module 12 can update the state of the battery sub-tank 2 from the confirmed abnormal state or the spread blocking state to the isolation completion state, and send the state information to the upper monitoring system through the fire control controller 7, so that the operation and maintenance personnel manually adjust or keep the long-term isolation of the operation mode of the battery sub-tank 2 according to the data recorded by the event recording unit 13 on the premise of confirming safety.

[0040] In the embodiment of the application, when the fire control controller 7 issues an action instruction to the airflow blocking unit 5 and the directional discharge unit 4, the action state feedback of the controllable baffle 8, the air inlet closing part 9, the air outlet closing part 10 and the discharge control valve can be collected by executing the state detection component. If no corresponding closing-in-place feedback or discharge completion feedback is received within the preset time, the spread blocking control module 12 directly sets the state of the corresponding battery sub-tank 2 to the spread blocking state, sets the state of all battery sub-tanks 2 adjacent to the battery sub-tank 2 to the early abnormal state, and sends the actuator fault alarm information to the upper monitoring system through the communication interface of the fire control controller 7 to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to manually check and intervene the related sub-tank.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present application, the event recording unit 13 records the detection signals of the multi-source detection unit 3 and the action state of each execution unit in the whole process of the state change of each battery sub-cabinet 2 and the action of the electrical cut-off unit 6, the air flow blocking unit 5 and the directional discharge unit 4 corresponding to each battery sub-cabinet 2. The recording content includes the trigger time, duration, action sequence of each type of detector, and the execution time and execution result of the corresponding electrical cut-off, air flow blocking and discharge action. The above recording can be used for analysis after the accident, and subsequent optimization and adjustment of abnormal judgment conditions and action strategy, and can also be used to verify the heat runaway propagation blocking effect of the device in actual operation.

[0042] For ease of understanding, in the embodiment of the present application, a simulation operation mode for verifying the control process of the heat runaway propagation blocking type fire extinguishing device of the energy storage cabinet is also provided. The simulation operation mode does not change the structure of the device, and is only used to illustrate the signal flow and action sequence between the multi-source detection unit 3, the air flow blocking unit 5, the directional discharge unit 4, the electrical cut-off unit 6 and the fire control controller 7.

[0043] In a specific simulation operation mode, three battery sub-cabinets 2 arranged side by side in the cabinet body 1 are selected as the verification object, and the three battery sub-cabinets 2 are respectively referred to as the first battery sub-cabinet, the second battery sub-cabinet and the third battery sub-cabinet. The first battery sub-cabinet, the second battery sub-cabinet and the third battery sub-cabinet are all provided with temperature detectors, smoke detectors, combustible gas detectors and linear temperature sensing components. The first controllable fireproof baffle, the second controllable fireproof baffle and the third controllable fireproof baffle are independently arranged in the air inlet and outlet branch of the first battery sub-cabinet, the second battery sub-cabinet and the third battery sub-cabine, respectively. Each controllable fireproof baffle is configured with a state feedback component and connected with the fire control controller 7.

[0044] At the beginning of the simulation operation mode, the fire control controller 7 collects the temperature detection signal, smoke detection signal, combustible gas detection signal and linear temperature sensing detection signal of the first battery sub-cabinet, the second battery sub-cabinet and the third battery sub- cabinet through the multi-source detection unit 3. The state judgment module 11 performs time interval statistics on the detection signals of the three battery sub-cabinets 2. When the detection signals of the three battery sub-cabinets 2 do not all meet the abnormal judgment condition, the state judgment module 11 sets the three battery sub-cabinets 2 to normal state.

[0045] When the early abnormality signal is simulated in the second battery subcompartment, the flammable gas detector in the second battery subcompartment first outputs a flammable gas detection signal meeting the abnormality determination condition, and the state judgment module 11 detects that the flammable gas detection signal continuously meets the abnormality determination condition within a first time window, while the temperature detector, the smoke detector and the linear heat-sensing component do not simultaneously meet the abnormality determination condition, sets the state of the second battery subcompartment from the normal state to the early abnormality state, and records the starting time, the duration and the corresponding battery subcompartment number of the flammable gas detection signal through the event recording unit 13.

[0046] When the temperature detector in the second battery subcompartment subsequently outputs a temperature detection signal meeting the abnormality determination condition, and both the flammable gas detection signal and the temperature detection signal continuously meet the abnormality determination condition within a second time window, the state judgment module 11 updates the state of the second battery subcompartment from the early abnormality state to the confirmed abnormality state, and sends the confirmed abnormality state of the second battery subcompartment to the spread blocking control module 12, which generates an electrical cut-off instruction, an airflow blocking instruction and a directional discharge preparation instruction according to the confirmed abnormality state.

[0047] After receiving the confirmed abnormality state of the second battery subcompartment, the spread blocking control module 12 first controls the electrical cut-off unit 6 corresponding to the second battery subcompartment to act, the electrical cut-off unit 6 cuts off the charge-discharge circuit corresponding to the second battery subcompartment, and feeds back a cut-off completion signal to the fire control controller 7; the fire control controller 7 writes the cut-off completion signal into the event recording unit 13 after receiving the cut-off completion signal, and continues to execute the airflow blocking instruction.

[0048] Correspondingly, the spread blocking control module 12 outputs a closing instruction to the first controllable baffle and the second controllable baffle respectively, the first controllable fireproof baffle closes the intake and exhaust branch of the first battery subcompartment, and the second controllable fireproof baffle closes the intake and exhaust branch of the second battery subcompartment, the state feedback components of the first controllable baffle and the second controllable baffle respectively feed back closing-in-place signals to the fire control controller 7, and the fire control controller 7 determines that the intake and exhaust branch of the second battery subcompartment is in a physically blocked state after receiving the closing-in-place signals of the first controllable baffle and the second controllable baffle, and takes the blocked state as a prerequisite for the directional discharge unit 4 to execute a discharge action.

[0049] When the fire control controller 7 receives the closing-in-place signals of the first controllable baffle and the second controllable baffle, the spread blocking control module 12 controls the opening of the spray control valve corresponding to the second battery sub-compartment, and the directional spray unit 4 sprays the fire extinguishing medium into the second battery sub-compartment through the spray head arranged inside the second battery sub-compartment. The spray control valve feeds back a spray completion signal to the fire control controller 7 after the spray is completed, and the fire control controller 7 writes the spray completion signal, the spray execution time and the corresponding battery sub-compartment number into the event recording unit 13.

[0050] While the second battery sub-compartment enters the confirmed abnormal state and performs the actions of electrical cut-off, airflow blocking and directional spray, the spread blocking control module 12 adjusts the states of the first battery sub-compartment and the third battery sub-compartment from the normal state to the early abnormal state, and the state judgment module 11 enables the enhanced monitoring rule for the first battery sub-compartment and the third battery sub-compartment. Under the enhanced monitoring rule, the detection signals output by the multi-source detection unit 3 of the first battery sub-compartment and the third battery sub-compartment are more frequently written into the data buffer area of the fire control controller 7, and are combined and judged by the state judgment module 11 with a shortened time window.

[0051] If after the directional spray of the second battery sub-compartment is completed, the temperature detection signal, the smoke detection signal, the combustible gas detection signal and the linear heat detection signal of the first battery sub-compartment and the third battery sub-compartment do not continuously meet the abnormal judgment condition, the state judgment module 11 keeps the state of the first battery sub-compartment and the third battery sub-compartment as the early abnormal state or restores to the normal state after the observation time is over; if at least two types of detection signals in the third battery sub-compartment are detected to continuously meet the abnormal judgment condition during the observation, the state judgment module 11 updates the third battery sub-compartment to the confirmed abnormal state, and the spread blocking control module 12 immediately controls the electrical cut-off unit 6, the airflow blocking unit 5 and the directional spray unit 4 corresponding to the third battery sub-compartment to perform the same actions as the second battery sub-compartment.

[0052] In a fail-safe operating mechanism for extreme fire conditions, if the spread-blocking control module 12 outputs a closing command to the controllable baffle but does not receive a corresponding closing feedback signal within a preset fault tolerance time (e.g., 3 seconds), the system determines that the baffle has mechanically jammed due to high-temperature deformation or airflow impact. Based on the safety principle that "fire extinguishing and cooling have an absolute higher priority than leakage prevention," the fire controller 7 no longer waits for feedback but forcibly triggers the directional spray unit 4 corresponding to the second battery sub-compartment to perform a spraying action and automatically activates the "high-pressure overload compensation mode" (e.g., extending the spraying command holding time by more than 20% through an algorithm, or linking the activation of the backup agent bottle group) to compensate for agent loss caused by incomplete physical isolation of the airflow channel with redundant extinguishing media. Simultaneously, the second battery sub-compartment is set to a spread-blocking state, sending a high-level alarm for mechanical failure of the airflow blocking unit and activation of compensation spraying to the upper-level monitoring system, and directly upgrading the status of the first and third battery sub-compartments to an early abnormal state for strict degraded defense.

[0053] In another simulated operation mode, if the directional spray unit 4 does not respond with a spray completion signal after receiving the spray command, the fire controller 7 records the execution status of the corresponding spray control valve as an abnormal state and keeps the second battery sub-compartment in the spread blocking state. The fire controller 7 sends an abnormal action alarm of the directional spray unit 4 to the upper monitoring system through the communication interface, and records the time of occurrence of the abnormal spray event, the corresponding battery sub-compartment number, and the current position status of the airflow blocking unit 5 in the event recording unit 13, so that the maintenance personnel can check the spray control valve, nozzle, and extinguishing medium storage container later.

[0054] In this embodiment, the event records generated by the event recording unit 13 include a first type of record, a second type of record, and a third type of record. The first type of record consists of the detection signals output by the multi-source detection units 3 of each battery sub-compartment 2 and their corresponding time sequence. The second type of record consists of the state change information generated by the fire controller 7. The third type of record consists of the action feedback information of the electrical cut-off unit 6, the airflow blocking unit 5, and the directional spray unit 4. The first type of record, the second type of record, and the third type of record are written into the storage area in the same time sequence, so that each state change can correspond to the detection signal that triggered the state change and the execution action after the state change.

[0055] In one specific implementation, the fire controller 7 can calculate the anomaly level of the i-th battery sub-compartment 2 according to the following formula:

[0056] in, Let be the dimensionless anomaly synthesis parameter of the i-th battery sub-compartment 2; These are the actual measured values ​​of real-time collected temperature, combustible gas concentration, smoke shading rate, and linear temperature sensing. These are the preset alarm baseline thresholds corresponding to the four types of sensors mentioned above. The system performs dimensionless normalization on the ratio of the actual measured value to the baseline threshold, and then multiplies each value by its corresponding weighting coefficient. and Perform fusion and summation.

[0057] It should be noted that the abnormality level is only used for auxiliary judgment of the status of the battery sub-compartment 2 inside the fire controller 7. The status judgment module 11 still uses whether each detection signal continuously meets the abnormal judgment condition and the number of detection signal types that meet the abnormal judgment condition as the main judgment condition. The weighting coefficient can be set by the engineers during equipment debugging according to the battery type, sub-compartment volume, detector arrangement and ventilation channel structure in the energy storage cabinet. Other combined judgment methods can also be used without changing the scope of protection of the claims.

[0058] In this embodiment, if only the combustible gas detection signal of the second battery sub-compartment continuously meets the abnormality judgment condition within the first time window, the second battery sub-compartment is set to an early abnormal state; if the temperature detection signal and the linear temperature sensing signal also continuously meet the abnormality judgment condition, the state judgment module 11 updates the second battery sub-compartment to a confirmed abnormal state; if the detection signal of the second battery sub-compartment drops below the abnormality judgment condition after the directional discharge is completed, and neither the first battery sub-compartment nor the third battery sub-compartment shows continuous abnormality, the second battery sub-compartment remains in the isolation completed state, and the first battery sub-compartment and the third battery sub-compartment return to the normal state after the observation is completed.

[0059] The simulated operation mode in this embodiment of the invention shows that when thermal runaway propagation blocking fire protection device of energy storage cabinet shows signs of thermal runaway in a certain battery sub-compartment 2, it can first identify the early abnormal state through multi-source detection unit 3 and state judgment module 11. When at least two types of detection signals continuously meet the abnormal judgment conditions, the battery sub-compartment 2 is set to a confirmed abnormal state. Then, through electrical cut-off unit 6, airflow blocking unit 5 and directional discharge unit 4, electrical isolation, airflow blocking and fire extinguishing medium discharge are executed in sequence. By adjusting and enhancing the monitoring of the state of adjacent battery sub-compartments 2, the device can continue to monitor and block the possible propagation path of thermal runaway.

[0060] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway propagation prevention fire suppression device for an energy storage cabinet, characterized in that, The system includes a cabinet, multiple battery sub-compartments that are divided and isolated from each other along the interior of the cabinet, multi-source detection units respectively installed in each of the battery sub-compartments, directional spray units respectively installed in each of the battery sub-compartments, airflow blocking units installed in the air inlet and outlet branches of the main ventilation channel independently connected to the cabinet in each of the battery sub-compartments, electrical cut-off units for cutting off the electrical circuits of each of the battery sub-compartments, and a fire controller. The multi-source detection unit is used to output temperature detection signals, smoke detection signals, combustible gas detection signals, and linear temperature detection signals associated with the corresponding battery sub-compartment; The fire controller is configured to: combine and determine the detection signals output by the multi-source detection units of the same battery sub-compartment to classify the state of the battery sub-compartment into a normal state, an early abnormal state, a confirmed abnormal state, or a spread-blocking state; when the state of a battery sub-compartment is determined to be a confirmed abnormal state, the controller controls the electrical cut-off unit corresponding to the battery sub-compartment to cut off the corresponding electrical circuit, controls the airflow blocking unit corresponding to the battery sub-compartment to close the air intake and exhaust branches of the battery sub-compartment, and when the airflow blocking unit reports that it is in the closed position, or when no feedback signal is received after a preset fault tolerance time has elapsed after the closing command is issued, the controller forcibly controls the directional spray unit corresponding to the battery sub-compartment to spray fire extinguishing medium into the battery sub-compartment, and at the same time adjusts the state of at least one battery sub-compartment adjacent to the battery sub-compartment from the normal state to the early abnormal state for enhanced monitoring.

2. The thermal runaway propagation blocking fire suppression device for energy storage cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-source detection unit includes temperature detectors, smoke detectors, combustible gas detectors installed at different heights inside each battery sub-compartment, as well as linear temperature sensing components arranged along the top of each battery sub-compartment or near the ventilation channel. The fire controller is configured such that, within the same battery sub-compartment, when at least two of the detectors—the temperature detector, the smoke detector, the combustible gas detector, and the linear temperature sensing component—continuously output detection signals that meet the abnormality determination conditions within a preset time interval, the state of the battery sub-compartment is updated from an early abnormal state to a confirmed abnormal state; otherwise, the state of the battery sub-compartment is maintained or restored to a normal state or an early abnormal state.

3. The thermal runaway propagation blocking fire suppression device for energy storage cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airflow blocking unit includes a controllable fireproof baffle installed in the air inlet and exhaust branches of each battery compartment, an air inlet shut-off component installed on the air inlet side of the cabinet, and an exhaust shut-off component installed on the air outlet side of the cabinet. The controllable fireproof baffle is equipped with a high-temperature resistant valve body, a spring energy storage and reset mechanism, and an electromagnetic trip release device. The controllable fireproof baffle is electrically connected to the fire controller and is equipped with a status feedback component for indicating the opening and closing position of the baffle. The fire controller is configured to: when the status of a certain battery sub-compartment is determined to be in an abnormal state, output a closing command to the controllable fireproof baffle corresponding to the battery sub-compartment and receive a closing feedback signal from the status feedback device; if the closing feedback signal is received within a first preset time period, the directional spray unit corresponding to the battery sub-compartment is allowed to perform a standard spray action; if the closing feedback signal is not received after the first preset time period, it is determined that the controllable fireproof baffle is mechanically jammed, and at this time the directional spray unit is forcibly triggered to perform a spray action, and the over-compensation spray mode is simultaneously activated to compensate for the loss of extinguishing medium caused by the airflow channel not being airtight.

4. The thermal runaway propagation blocking fire suppression device for energy storage cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The directional spray unit includes nozzles that correspond one-to-one with each battery sub-compartment and a spray control valve connected to the nozzles. The nozzles are arranged to face the battery module area or airflow concentration area inside each battery sub-compartment. The fire controller is configured to: when the airflow blocking unit corresponding to a certain battery sub-compartment is in the closed position or the forced discharge condition is triggered due to timeout, and the state of the battery sub-compartment is confirmed to be abnormal, control the discharge control valve corresponding to the battery sub-compartment to open to discharge the fire extinguishing medium into the battery sub-compartment. Each battery sub-compartment is independently connected to an explosion-proof one-way pressure relief valve, which is used to passively open and relieve pressure when the fire extinguishing medium is discharged, and adjust the state of at least one battery sub-compartment directly adjacent to the battery sub-compartment from the normal state to the early abnormal state, while increasing the sampling frequency and alarm level of the multi-source detection unit in the adjacent battery sub-compartment.

5. The thermal runaway propagation blocking fire suppression device for energy storage cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire controller is equipped with a status judgment module for classifying the status of each battery sub-compartment. The status judgment module is configured to: perform time interval statistics and combination judgment on the detection signals output by the multi-source detection units of each battery sub-compartment, so that if no detection signal is detected within the first time window and meets the abnormal judgment condition, the status of the corresponding battery sub-compartment is set to normal; if at least one type of detection signal is detected within the first time window and meets the abnormal judgment condition, the status of the corresponding battery sub-compartment is set to early abnormal state; and if at least two types of detection signals are detected within the second time window and continuously meet the abnormal judgment condition, the status of the corresponding battery sub-compartment is set to confirmed abnormal state.

6. The thermal runaway propagation blocking fire suppression device for energy storage cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire controller is also equipped with a spread prevention control module. The spread prevention control module is configured to: after a certain battery sub-compartment is set to an abnormal state and completes the electrical cut-off, airflow blocking, and directional spraying actions corresponding to that battery sub-compartment, continuously receive the detection signals output by the multi-source detection units of that battery sub-compartment and at least one adjacent battery sub-compartment; when the detection signal of the adjacent battery sub-compartment meets the preset spread determination conditions, set the state of the adjacent battery sub-compartment to a spread prevention state, and synchronously control the electrical cut-off unit and airflow blocking unit corresponding to the adjacent battery sub-compartment to operate.

7. The thermal runaway propagation blocking fire suppression device for energy storage cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire controller is also electrically connected to the execution status detection component of the airflow blocking unit and the directional spray unit; The fire controller is configured to: after issuing action commands to the airflow blocking unit and the directional spray unit, if no feedback indicating that the shutdown command is in place is received within a preset fault tolerance period, then initiate the aforementioned forced spray action and over-compensation spray mode; if no feedback indicating that the spray is completed is received, then the state of the corresponding battery sub-compartment is directly set to the spread blocking state, and the state of all battery sub-compartments adjacent to this battery sub-compartment is set to the early abnormal state, and at the same time, send actuator fault alarm information to the upper-level monitoring system through the communication interface.

8. The thermal runaway propagation blocking fire suppression device for energy storage cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire controller is equipped with an event recording unit, which is configured to record the detection signals of the multi-source detection unit and the action status of each execution unit in chronological order during the state changes of each battery sub-compartment and the operation of the electrical cut-off unit, airflow blocking unit, and directional spraying unit corresponding to each battery sub-compartment, so as to form an event record containing the correspondence between detection data and execution actions after the thermal runaway propagation blocking process is completed.

9. The thermal runaway propagation blocking fire suppression device for energy storage cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire controller is also connected to the upper-level monitoring system. The fire controller is configured to: when the status of any battery sub-compartment is set to a confirmed abnormal state or a propagation blocking state, upload the status information of the battery sub-compartment, the operation status of the electrical cut-off unit, the operation status of the airflow blocking unit, and the discharge status of the directional discharge unit to the upper-level monitoring system through the communication interface, so that the upper-level monitoring system can adjust the power distribution and operation mode of the energy storage system where the corresponding energy storage cabinet is located according to the status information.

10. The thermal runaway propagation blocking fire suppression device for energy storage cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabinet is a metal cabinet for installing battery modules, power distribution units, and air conditioning units. The multiple battery sub-compartments are arranged side by side along the longitudinal or transverse direction inside the cabinet and are isolated from each other by partitions. The ventilation channels of each battery sub-compartment are connected to the air intake and exhaust channels of the cabinet through the airflow blocking unit. The electrical cut-off unit is connected to the busbar or power distribution branch to which the battery module in each battery sub-compartment belongs, so as to cut off the charging and discharging circuit of the corresponding battery sub-compartment when the fire controller issues a cut-off command. Thus, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery sub-compartment, the thermal runaway propagation path is blocked by the combination of electrical isolation and airflow blocking with directional discharge.

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