A new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent and fire control and explosion suppression method

Abstract

The application discloses a new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent and a fire control and explosion suppression method, and belongs to the technical field of fire fighting. The system is mainly composed of a new energy storage cabinet and a new energy storage fire fighting cabinet connected back to back, forming a physical isolation type double cabin structure of "battery cabin-fire fighting cabin". The new energy storage cabinet is internally provided with a slide rail, a connecting plate, an electric brush and a multi-sensor fusion monitoring system, which are used for the modular deployment of batteries, power collection and real-time monitoring of the state; the new energy storage fire fighting cabinet is used for the closed explosion suppression and fire extinguishing treatment of the burning batteries or the batteries with the risk of thermal runaway, and the top of the new energy storage fire fighting cabinet is provided with a perfluorohexanone injection port. The application innovatively proposes a multi-level early warning and response mechanism based on the Internet of Things, early identification of battery deformation is realized through multi-dimensional sensors such as temperature, infrared, smoke and vision (camera) in combination with an improved YOLO algorithm, and graded and accurate responses to small, medium and large fires are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cross-disciplinary technology of fire protection technology and new energy storage safety. Specifically, it relates to a new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent and a method for fire control and explosion suppression, especially a graded, zoned, early-stage, and efficient method and system for fire control and explosion suppression of new energy batteries such as lithium-ion batteries, which is designed for thermal runaway fires. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening implementation of the "dual-carbon" strategy, the demand for large-scale grid connection of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power has surged. Electrochemical energy storage systems, especially new energy storage cabinets with lithium-ion batteries at their core, have become indispensable key equipment in fields such as smart grids, distributed energy, and backup power. However, under conditions such as overcharging, internal short circuits, mechanical abuse, or long-term aging, lithium-ion batteries are prone to triggering an internal exothermic reaction chain, leading to thermal runaway. The thermal runaway process is accompanied by the release of a large amount of heat, combustible gases (such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons), and toxic fumes, which can easily cause combustion or even violent explosions, and has a significant chain-like propagation effect.

[0003] Currently, regarding fire safety of new energy storage cabinets, the traditional fire protection measures commonly used in the industry face the following urgent technical bottlenecks that need to be addressed: Insufficient compatibility of extinguishing agents: Conventional gaseous extinguishing agents such as heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), while possessing clean extinguishing properties, have limited cooling effects on the deep electrochemical exothermic reactions of batteries due to their chemical extinguishing mechanism, making it difficult to effectively block thermal runaway chain reactions. While dry powder extinguishing agents can extinguish open flames, their residues may cause secondary short circuits in battery clusters and are highly corrosive, causing permanent contamination and damage to the delicate battery management system (BMS) and electrical connections inside the cabinet.

[0004] Early warning is severely delayed: Existing systems mostly rely on temperature thresholds or smoke concentration alarms. However, in the initial stages of battery thermal runaway (usually beginning with the decomposition of electrolyte and the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the temperature rise and smoke are not significant. By the time temperature sensors or traditional smoke detectors sound an alarm, the battery has often already entered an irreversible and severe thermal runaway phase, missing a precious window of several tens of minutes for early intervention. Some advanced solutions attempt to use multiple sensor fusion, but the algorithms are complex, computationally resource-intensive, and prone to false alarms and false negatives due to inaccurate feature extraction.

[0005] Lack of design to prevent reignition and heat spread: Batteries inside energy storage cabinets are typically densely packed. The high-temperature jets and incandescent particles generated by the thermal runaway of a single battery can easily ignite adjacent batteries, triggering a domino effect and causing a devastating fire affecting the entire cabinet and even the entire energy storage power station. Existing cabinet structures lack effective physical isolation and thermal barrier designs. While some patents attempt to add pressure relief valves to release pressure, simple pressure relief does not solve the core problem of high-temperature fumes spreading inside the cabinet and igniting adjacent battery packs; it may even spread the fire source outside the cabinet.

[0006] System compatibility and space constraints are prominent: In pursuit of high energy density, modern energy storage cabinet designs are becoming increasingly compact and modular. Traditional centrally piped gas fire suppression systems require the laying of numerous pipes and nozzles, occupying valuable cabinet space and exhibiting poor layout flexibility. This directly conflicts with the need for modular, standardized, and rapid deployment, increasing system complexity and cost.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a novel integrated fire and explosion suppression solution that can be deeply integrated into the energy storage system architecture, possesses extremely early warning capabilities, accurately distinguishes fault levels, and performs zoned and graded proactive intervention. This solution needs to fundamentally improve the safety level of energy storage systems, achieving a technological leap from "passive protection" to "proactive early warning and precise control." Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and propose a new energy storage cabinet and a fire control and explosion suppression method based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent. This invention aims to solve the core pain points of traditional fire protection schemes, such as delayed early warning, mismatch between fire extinguishing and fire suppression, uncontrolled spread and poor system compatibility.

[0009] The technical problem solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent includes a new energy storage cabinet for accommodating multiple new energy batteries and a new energy storage fire cabinet specifically for fire control and explosion suppression. The back of the new energy storage cabinet is fixedly connected to the front of the new energy storage fire cabinet, forming a dual-compartment structure with physical isolation. The new energy storage cabinet is used for modular placement and management of new energy batteries, and collects and outputs electrical energy through internal circuitry. The new energy storage fire cabinet is used to receive batteries at risk of fire or thermal runaway that are automatically transferred from the storage cabinet, and performs closed-loop fire extinguishing and explosion suppression treatment.

[0010] Furthermore, the new energy storage cabinet includes a front door, a rear baffle, a sliding rail system, and an IoT monitoring system. The front door is hinged to the front of each independent battery compartment for routine maintenance and battery replacement. The rear baffle is movably installed on the back of each independent battery compartment and can automatically open in the event of a fire alarm. The sliding rail system is fixedly installed on the inner bottom surface of each battery compartment and cooperates with the pulleys at the bottom of the battery to provide guidance and support for pushing in, pulling out, and emergency transfer of the battery. The IoT monitoring system is distributed and installed inside each battery compartment to monitor the multi-dimensional status parameters of each new energy battery in real time.

[0011] Furthermore, the new energy storage cabinet also includes an electrical connection system; the electrical connection system includes a connecting plate and a connecting plate slot; the connecting plate slot is located on the side wall inside the new energy storage cabinet; the connecting plate is slidably inserted into the connecting plate slot, and has integrated elastic brush contacts; the side of the new energy battery is provided with electrodes, and when the battery is pushed into place along the slide rail, its electrodes form a reliable electrical connection with the brush on the connecting plate, thereby realizing the parallel circuit connection of all new energy batteries in the cabinet and transmitting the collected electrical energy to a unified energy output path.

[0012] Furthermore, the four bottom corners of the new energy battery are each equipped with a universal pulley, which precisely matches the slide rail inside the new energy storage cabinet to ensure that the battery can move smoothly and stably; the electrodes on the side of the battery are made of silver-plated copper alloy to ensure low contact resistance and high conductivity under high current transmission.

[0013] Furthermore, the cabinet door positions of the new energy storage fire cabinet correspond one-to-one with the rear panel of the new energy storage cabinet, and are opened and closed synchronously through a linkage mechanism; when the monitoring system triggers a fire transfer command, the rear panel of a specific battery compartment of the new energy storage cabinet and the corresponding cabinet door of the new energy storage fire cabinet open synchronously, providing a passage for battery transfer; the fire extinguishing system is based on perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent and includes a three-level perfluorohexanone spray network: the first level is the fire cabinet spray port set on the top of the new energy storage fire cabinet, used for targeted flooding extinguishing of one or more faulty batteries transferred in; the second level is the energy storage cabinet-level spray port set on the top of the new energy storage cabinet, which performs total flooding extinguishing of the entire energy storage cabinet space when most batteries in the cabinet are in danger; the third level is the area-level spray port set on the top of the overall placement box containing the device, used for total flooding extinguishing of the entire area in extreme cases; all spray ports are connected to the control unit through solenoid valves and are connected to the perfluorohexanone storage bottle group.

[0014] Moreover, the IoT monitoring system is an intelligent early warning system that integrates multi-sensor data fusion, including: Temperature sensor: It adopts distributed patch thermocouples and infrared temperature measurement module to monitor the temperature of each battery surface and the temperature gradient of the cabinet in real time; Infrared thermal imaging sensor: used to scan and detect whether there are signs of localized overheating or abnormal deformation in the battery casing; Smoke sensor: Employs a laser scattering type high-sensitivity smoke detector for early detection of micro-particle aerosols released during battery thermal runaway; High-definition camera: Built-in wide-angle lens and supplementary lighting device, used to continuously capture visual images of the batteries inside the cabinet; The main control unit of the monitoring system has an improved YOLO target detection algorithm built-in. This algorithm has been optimized and trained for battery deformation characteristics, and can perform real-time analysis of images and video streams captured by the camera, automatically identify physical deformations such as battery bulging, dents, and leakage, and cross-verify with data from other sensors to achieve early and accurate warning of fire risks.

[0015] A fire control and explosion suppression method for a new energy storage cabinet includes the following graded response steps: Step S1, Real-time Monitoring and Risk Assessment: The IoT monitoring system continuously collects data from various sensors and uses the improved YOLO algorithm to analyze visual data, comprehensively judging whether there is a fire risk and the risk level. Step S2, Small Fire Response: When it is determined that a small fire has occurred in a single or a few batteries or that there is a clear risk of thermal runaway, the small fire emergency plan shall be executed. Step S3, Medium-sized fire response: When it is determined that most or all of the batteries in the new energy storage cabinet are in danger at the same time, constituting a medium-sized fire, the medium-sized fire-fighting plan shall be executed. Step S4, Large-scale fire response: When it is determined that the entire system or multiple cabinets are facing a comprehensive fire threat, i.e., a large-scale fire, the large-scale fire prevention plan shall be executed.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific implementation sub-steps of step S2 (small fire response) are as follows: S2.1: The monitoring system confirms that a specific battery tag number has been compromised; S2.2: The system control unit immediately sends an opening command to the rear panel of the compartment where the battery is located and the corresponding door of the fire cabinet. The two open synchronously through the linkage mechanism to form a transfer channel. S2.3: The system can use a built-in pushing mechanism or rely on the battery's own gravity to slide the faulty battery from the energy storage cabinet into the fire cabinet along the slide rail. S2.4: After the faulty battery is completely inside the fire cabinet, the system controls the rear baffle and the fire cabinet door to close immediately, forming a sealed explosion suppression space; S2.5: The control unit triggers the perfluorohexanone spray nozzle on the top of the fire cabinet to release a predetermined dose of perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent to flood the faulty battery for cooling and extinguishing, while inertizing the ambient atmosphere to prevent explosion. S2.6: The system sends an event handling report to the remote monitoring center.

[0017] Furthermore, the specific implementation sub-steps of step S3 (medium-sized fire response) are as follows: S3.1: The monitoring system uses multi-sensor fusion to determine whether more than a preset number of batteries in the energy storage cabinet have experienced or are about to experience thermal runaway, making it unsuitable for individual transfer. S3.2: The system control unit locks all the rear panels of the energy storage cabinets and the doors of the fire cabinets, keeping them closed to prevent the fire from spreading to the fire cabinets; S3.3: Immediately trigger the perfluorohexanone spray nozzle at the top of the new energy storage cabinet to spray perfluorohexanone into the entire internal space of the storage cabinet, and carry out overall flooding fire protection treatment for all batteries to suppress the spread of fire and heat inside the cabinet. S3.4: The system sends the highest-level alarm and initiates the fire suppression notification at this level to the remote monitoring center.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific implementation sub-steps of step S4 (large-scale fire response) are as follows: S4.1: The monitoring system or the regional fire alarm control panel determines that the fire situation has exceeded the control range of a single energy storage cabinet and may endanger the safety of other equipment or structures inside the entire storage box; S4.2: The system control unit issues a central control command to trigger the regional perfluorohexanone injection port installed on the top of the placement box; S4.3: The regional perfluorohexanone system is activated to carry out total flooding fire suppression in the entire enclosed space of the storage box, ensuring that the fire is completely extinguished and preventing catastrophic accidents. S4.4: The system will shut down the ventilation system of the storage box and send an emergency signal to the remote monitoring center and the fire department.

[0019] The advantages and positive effects of this invention are: This invention enables very early warning: by fusing data from multiple sensors (temperature, infrared, smoke, vision) and advanced image recognition algorithms, it can identify risks in the early stages of physical deformation of the battery or the release of trace amounts of VOCs, significantly advancing the warning time.

[0020] This invention enables precise, tiered response: based on the severity of the fire (small, medium, large), different and most suitable fire-fighting plans are activated to avoid overreacting or being overwhelmed, optimize fire-fighting resources, and reduce secondary damage.

[0021] This invention enables physical isolation and explosion suppression: through a unique back-to-back design of "energy storage cabinet-fire cabinet", the burning battery is quickly transferred to an independent, sealed space for treatment, effectively isolating heat spread and explosion impact, and protecting the main equipment and personnel safety.

[0022] This invention achieves highly efficient fire extinguishing and reignition prevention: Perfluorohexanone is used as the extinguishing agent, and its excellent cooling performance and chemical inhibition capabilities can quickly extinguish battery fires and prevent reignition. A three-stage spray network achieves full coverage fire suppression at point, surface, and area levels.

[0023] This invention achieves high integration and compatibility: it modularly integrates functions such as monitoring, control, fire suppression, and isolation into a standard cabinet, without relying on complex external piping networks, and adapts to the high-density, modular deployment requirements of modern energy storage systems. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the present invention.

[0025] Label Explanation: 102-New Energy Storage Cabinet, 103-Battery Compartment, 104-Battery Pack, 105-Pulley, 106-Slide Rail, 107-Connecting Plate, 108-Brush, 109-Temperature Sensor, 110-Infrared Thermal Imager, 111-High-Definition Camera, 112-Smoke Sensor, 113-Main Control Unit, 114-Independent Fire Cabin, 115-Automatic Fire Door, 116-Automatic Rear Baffle, 117-Linkage Rod, 118-First-Stage Nozzle, 119-Perfluorohexanone Bottle Group, 120-Second-Stage Nozzle, 121-Third-Stage Area Nozzle, 122-Area Fire Control Panel, V1-V3-Solenoid Valves. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] A new energy storage cabinet system based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent The core of the system consists of a new energy storage cabinet (main cabinet) and a new energy storage fire protection cabinet (auxiliary cabinet) connected back-to-back to form a whole. The main cabinet is responsible for battery storage, power collection and output; the auxiliary cabinet is dedicated to receiving faulty batteries and safely handling them in emergency situations.

[0028] Detailed composition of new energy storage cabinet (main cabinet): Structural frame: Constructed from high-strength galvanized steel sheet or flame-retardant composite materials, internally divided into multiple independent battery compartments. Each battery compartment is equipped with: Front cabinet door: equipped with a lock and observation window for routine maintenance.

[0029] Back panel: An automatic lifting or sliding panel made of high-temperature resistant material, which is sealed under normal circumstances and opened in a controlled manner in an emergency.

[0030] Slide rail system: Precision ball bearing slide rails are installed at the bottom of each battery compartment, working in conjunction with omnidirectional casters at the bottom of the battery to ensure smooth pushing and pulling of the battery and provide a low-resistance channel for emergency transfer.

[0031] Electrical connection system: Connecting plate: It is a strip of insulating substrate, on which multiple sets of highly elastic metal brushes (such as gold-plated copper brushes) are embedded.

[0032] Connection plate slot: Located inside the side wall of the cabinet, the connection plate can be inserted along this slot, and the brush on it is aligned with the electrode position after the battery is pushed in.

[0033] Working principle: After the battery is pushed into place along the slide rail, its side electrodes make close contact with the brushes on the connecting plate. All batteries are connected in parallel through their respective connecting plates, and the electrical energy is finally collected at the bus at the end of the connecting plate and connected to the energy output path. This design achieves "plug and play" modular electrical connection.

[0034] Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring system: Sensing layer: Distributed temperature sensors: DS18B20 digital temperature sensors or PT100 platinum resistance thermometers are attached to key points on the surface of each battery to monitor real-time temperature.

[0035] Infrared thermal imaging sensor: Installed at the top of the cabinet, it scans periodically to generate a temperature field distribution map of the battery surface and identify abnormal hot spots.

[0036] High-sensitivity smoke sensor: Employs a pump-suction laser smoke detector that actively extracts air from the cabinet for detection, making it extremely sensitive to VOCs and aerosol particles.

[0037] High-definition wide-angle camera: with infrared night vision function, continuously monitors the visible status inside the cabinet.

[0038] Control layer: Main Control Unit (MCU): Employs a high-performance ARM processor and runs an embedded Linux system. It is responsible for data acquisition, protocol conversion, logic judgment, and instruction issuance.

[0039] Communication module: Integrates 4G / 5G and Ethernet communication, supports IoT protocols such as MQTT / CoAP, and enables real-time data interaction and remote control with cloud platforms or remote monitoring centers.

[0040] Algorithm layer: Improved YOLOv5 Algorithm: This invention specifically optimizes the standard YOLOv5 model. First, a large amount of image data on abnormal battery conditions such as bulging, leakage, and smoke was collected to construct a dedicated dataset. Second, the model structure was strengthened with a detection layer targeting small targets (such as minor battery bulges), and an attention mechanism (such as the CBAM module) was introduced to make the model focus more on changes in the battery's physical shape. Deployed on the main control unit or edge computing nodes, this algorithm can analyze video streams in real time, identify battery physical deformation with high confidence, and perform spatiotemporal correlation analysis with temperature and smoke data to achieve cross-validation, greatly reducing false alarms.

[0041] Detailed composition of the new energy storage fire protection cabinet (auxiliary cabinet): Structural frame: Made of the same material as the main cabinet, the interior consists of one or more independent enclosed fire-fighting compartments. The front doors of these compartments correspond one-to-one with the rear panels of the main cabinet, and are controlled by a mechanical linkage device or synchronous motor to achieve synchronized opening and closing.

[0042] Fire suppression system: Perfluorohexanone storage bottle assembly: Liquid perfluorohexanone is stored in high-pressure steel cylinders, equipped with pressure gauges and starters.

[0043] Three-tier jet network: Level 1 (Fire Cabinet Level): Nozzles are located on the top of the fire cabinet and are controlled by a solenoid valve.

[0044] Second stage (energy storage cabinet itself): Nozzles are distributed on the top of the main cabinet and controlled by solenoid valve 2.

[0045] Level 3 (Area Level): Nozzles are distributed throughout the top of the container or the room, and are controlled by a solenoid valve.

[0046] Perfluorohexanone characteristics: This extinguishing agent has excellent cooling effect (large heat absorption during vaporization), chemical inhibition effect (interrupting the combustion chain reaction) and good insulation properties. It is also safe for human use and environmentally friendly (ozone depletion potential value ODP=0, global warming potential value GWP=1), making it very suitable for extinguishing lithium-ion battery fires.

[0047] Option 2: A fire control and explosion suppression method based on the above system The core logic of this method is monitoring, analysis, and tiered response.

[0048] Step S1: Real-time Monitoring and Risk Assessment. The monitoring system operates 24 / 7. An improved YOLO algorithm continuously analyzes video to identify any minute battery deformation. Temperature data is used to determine whether the rate of temperature rise (dT / dt) exceeds a safety threshold. Smoke sensors monitor changes in VOC concentration. The main control unit uses a rule-based expert system or a lightweight machine learning model (such as a decision tree) to fuse and judge multi-source information, outputting four states: "Normal," "Warning" (small fire risk), "Alarm" (medium fire), and "Emergency" (large fire).

[0049] Step S2: Small fire response. When the system determines an early hazard of a single or a small number of batteries (e.g., slight bulging + localized temperature rise).

[0050] The main control unit locates the faulty battery compartment.

[0051] Upon receiving the command, the rear panel of the compartment and the corresponding door of the fire cabinet will open simultaneously.

[0052] The built-in electric push rod or the slight backward tilt of the cabinet allows the faulty battery to slide smoothly into the corresponding compartment of the fire cabinet under the action of gravity.

[0053] After the battery has been completely transferred, the baffle and cabinet door are immediately closed and airtight.

[0054] Triggering solenoid valve one causes the nozzle on top of the fire cabinet to spray perfluorohexanone for several minutes of flooding fire suppression and cooling until the temperature and smoke levels inside the compartment return to normal.

[0055] The entire process was completed within tens of seconds, and the remote monitoring center received detailed logs.

[0056] Step S3: Medium-sized fire response. When the system determines that multiple batteries in the main cabinet are simultaneously in serious danger (such as multiple infrared hotspots + diffuse smoke), and it is impossible or too late to move them one by one.

[0057] The system issues an audible and visual alarm and locks all evacuation routes (keeping barriers and fire doors closed) to prevent the fire from spreading to the fire cabinet.

[0058] Immediately trigger solenoid valve two, activating the nozzle at the top of the main cabinet to release perfluorohexanone into the entire main cabinet space. The purpose is to quickly suppress open flames, cool all batteries, inertize the atmosphere, and control the disaster.

[0059] The remote monitoring center received the highest level of alert.

[0060] Step S4: Large-scale fire response. When the system detects abnormal environmental parameters throughout the enclosure (such as a sudden rise in ambient temperature or multiple main cabinets alarming simultaneously), or receives an external fire alarm signal.

[0061] The regional fire alarm control panel or the main control unit of this system makes the final judgment.

[0062] Trigger solenoid valve three to activate the area-level perfluorohexanone fire suppression system.

[0063] At the same time, all ventilation openings of the placement box were closed to form a sealed space, and total flooding was carried out to ensure that all potential fire sources were completely extinguished.

[0064] Send a distress signal containing your GPS location to the fire department.

[0065] Based on the above-mentioned new energy storage cabinet and fire control and explosion suppression method based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent, the following examples are used to verify the effectiveness of the present invention.

[0066] Example: A container-based modular energy storage unit refer to Figure 1 This embodiment describes a standard 20-foot energy storage container, which contains four integrated units of "new energy storage cabinet-new energy storage fire cabinet" as described in this invention (only one set is shown in detail in the figure for clarity).

[0067] System Deployment: Two systems are arranged on each side of the container. In each system, the new energy storage cabinet (101) faces the container aisle for easy daily maintenance; the new energy storage fire cabinet (102) is backed against the side wall of the container.

[0068] The new energy storage cabinet (101) is divided into two layers, with a total of 8 battery compartments (103), each of which can hold a standard modular lithium-ion battery pack (104).

[0069] The bottom of the battery pack (104) is equipped with a pulley (105) that works with the slide rail (106) inside the cabinet.

[0070] The cabinet side wall has an integrated connection plate slot (not shown). The connection plate (107) is inserted, and the brush (108) on the connection plate contacts the battery electrode.

[0071] Each battery compartment is equipped with a temperature sensor (109), a shared infrared thermal imager (110) to scan the entire cabinet, a high-definition camera (111), and a smoke sensor (112).

[0072] All sensor data cables converge into the main control unit (113) located at the top of the cabinet.

[0073] The new energy storage fire cabinet (102) has 8 independent fire compartments (114) inside. Its front is an automatic fire door (115), which is mechanically synchronized with the automatic baffle (116) on the back of the main cabinet through a linkage rod (117).

[0074] The fire cabinet (102) is equipped with a first-stage perfluorohexanone nozzle (118) on top, which is connected to a perfluorohexanone bottle group (119) located in one corner of the container via a pipe.

[0075] The top of the new energy storage cabinet (101) is equipped with a second-stage perfluorohexanone nozzle (120).

[0076] A third-level zone perfluorohexanone nozzle (121) is installed on the top of the entire container.

[0077] All nozzles are connected to the main control unit (113) and the area fire control panel (122) via solenoid valves (V1, V2, V3).

[0078] Workflow example (small fire): One day, the main control unit (113) received a report from the temperature sensor (109) of the No. 3 battery compartment that the rate of temperature rise slightly exceeded the threshold. At the same time, the improved YOLO algorithm detected a slight but persistent bulge on the side of the battery pack (104) in the video stream of the camera (111).

[0079] The main control unit (113) judged the state as "warning" and confirmed that there was a risk of thermal runaway in battery No. 3.

[0080] The main control unit (113) sends an alert to the maintenance personnel's mobile APP through the IoT platform and waits for a preset confirmation time (e.g., 30 seconds). If no "cancel" instruction is received or the situation continues to deteriorate, the system will automatically execute a response.

[0081] The main control unit (113) issues the following instructions: Unlock and raise the automatic rear panel (116) of compartment 3.

[0082] The automatic fire door (115) corresponding to the fire cabinet is opened synchronously via the linkage rod (117).

[0083] Due to the slight backward tilt of the cabinet design, the No. 3 battery pack (104) slides smoothly into the No. 3 fire compartment (114) of the fire cabinet along the slide rail (106) under the action of gravity.

[0084] Once the battery is in place, the sensor confirms that the baffle (116) and fire door (115) are quickly closed and locked.

[0085] The main control unit (113) triggers the solenoid valve V1, and perfluorohexanone is sprayed from the nozzle (118) into the No. 3 fire compartment (114) for a 3-minute flooding spray.

[0086] Once the cabin temperature and smoke sensors confirm that the danger has been averted, the system stops spraying and sends an "Event resolved" report to the remote monitoring center, recording all data for analysis.

[0087] Throughout the process, the other seven battery packs inside the main cabinet continued to supply power normally and were not affected in any way.

[0088] Workflow example (medium-sized fire): Suppose that an external short circuit causes multiple battery packs inside the main cabinet to overheat and emit smoke simultaneously. The monitoring system detects multiple sensor alarms within seconds.

[0089] The main control unit (113) immediately determined that the alarm state (medium-sized fire) was triggered.

[0090] The system locks all rear panels and fire doors, keeping them closed.

[0091] At the same time, the solenoid valve V2 is immediately triggered, and the second-stage nozzle (120) is activated to spray perfluorohexanone into the entire internal space of the new energy storage cabinet (101) for total flooding fire extinguishing.

[0092] The remote monitoring center received the highest level audible and visual alarm and advised maintenance personnel to rush to the scene.

[0093] Workflow example (large fire): If the ambient temperature inside the container rises sharply due to other reasons (such as the intrusion of an external fire source), multiple main container systems will simultaneously issue alarms.

[0094] The regional fire alarm control panel (122) triggers the solenoid valve V3 based on logical judgment or by receiving a manual emergency button signal.

[0095] The third-level zone nozzle (121) is activated to carry out total flooding fire suppression of the entire container, while simultaneously closing all ventilation openings of the container.

[0096] The system automatically sends fire alarm information, including container number and GPS location, to the 119 fire command center.

[0097] It should be emphasized that the embodiments described in this invention are illustrative rather than limiting. Therefore, this invention includes, but is not limited to, the embodiments described in the specific implementation. Any other implementations derived by those skilled in the art based on the technical solutions of this invention are also within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that: It includes a new energy storage cabinet for accommodating multiple new energy batteries and a new energy storage fire suppression cabinet for fire control and explosion suppression; the back of the new energy storage cabinet is fixedly connected to the front of the new energy storage fire suppression cabinet, together forming a dual-compartment structure with physical isolation function; the new energy storage cabinet is used for modular placement and management of new energy batteries, and collects and outputs electrical energy through internal circuits; the new energy storage fire suppression cabinet is used to receive batteries at risk of fire or thermal runaway that are automatically transferred from the storage cabinet, and perform closed-loop fire extinguishing and explosion suppression treatment.

2. The new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The new energy storage cabinet includes a front door, a rear baffle, a sliding rail system, and an IoT monitoring system. The front door is hinged to the front of each independent battery compartment and is used for routine maintenance and battery replacement. The rear baffle is movably installed on the back of each independent battery compartment and can be automatically opened in the event of a fire alarm. The sliding rail system is fixedly installed on the inner bottom surface of each battery compartment and cooperates with the pulleys at the bottom of the battery to provide guidance and support for pushing in, pulling out, and emergency transfer of the battery. The IoT monitoring system is distributed and installed inside each battery compartment to monitor the multi-dimensional status parameters of each new energy battery in real time.

3. A new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The new energy storage cabinet also includes an electrical connection system; the electrical connection system includes a connecting plate and a connecting plate slot; the connecting plate slot is located on the side wall inside the new energy storage cabinet; the connecting plate is slidably inserted into the connecting plate slot, and has integrated elastic brush contacts; the side of the new energy battery is provided with electrodes, and when the battery is pushed into place along the slide rail, its electrodes form a reliable electrical connection with the brush on the connecting plate, thereby realizing the parallel circuit connection of all new energy batteries in the cabinet and transmitting the collected electrical energy to a unified energy output path.

4. A new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: The new energy battery is equipped with universal pulleys at its four bottom corners. These pulleys are precisely matched with the slide rails inside the new energy storage cabinet to ensure that the battery can move smoothly and stably. The electrodes on the side of the battery are made of silver-plated copper alloy to ensure low contact resistance and high conductivity under high current transmission.

5. A new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cabinet door of the new energy storage fire cabinet corresponds one-to-one with the back panel of the new energy storage cabinet, and is opened and closed synchronously through a linkage mechanism; when the monitoring system triggers a fire transfer command, the back panel of a specific battery compartment of the new energy storage cabinet and the corresponding cabinet door of the new energy storage fire cabinet open synchronously to provide a channel for battery transfer. The fire extinguishing system is based on perfluorohexanone (PFH) extinguishing agent and includes a three-stage PFH spray network: the first stage is the fire cabinet spray nozzle located on top of the new energy storage fire cabinet, used for targeted flooding extinguishing of one or more faulty batteries transferred inside; the second stage is the energy storage cabinet-level spray nozzle located on top of the new energy storage cabinet, used for total flooding extinguishing of the entire energy storage cabinet space when most batteries in the cabinet are in danger; the third stage is the area-level spray nozzle located on top of the overall placement box containing the device, used for total flooding extinguishing of the entire area in extreme cases; all spray nozzles are connected to the control unit via solenoid valves and are collectively connected to the PFH storage bottle group.

6. A new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The IoT monitoring system is an intelligent early warning system that integrates multi-sensor data fusion, including: Temperature sensor: It adopts distributed patch thermocouples and infrared temperature measurement module to monitor the temperature of each battery surface and the temperature gradient of the cabinet in real time; Infrared thermal imaging sensor: used to scan and detect whether there are signs of localized overheating or abnormal deformation in the battery casing; Smoke sensor: Employs a laser scattering type high-sensitivity smoke detector for early detection of micro-particle aerosols released during battery thermal runaway; High-definition camera: Built-in wide-angle lens and supplementary lighting device, used to continuously capture visual images of the batteries inside the cabinet; The main control unit of the monitoring system has an improved YOLO target detection algorithm built-in. This algorithm has been optimized and trained for battery deformation characteristics, and can perform real-time analysis of images and video streams captured by the camera, automatically identify physical deformations such as battery bulging, dents, and leakage, and cross-verify with data from other sensors to achieve early and accurate warning of fire risks.

7. A method for fire control and explosion suppression of a new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The response steps are as follows: Step S1, Real-time monitoring and risk assessment: The IoT monitoring system continuously collects data from various sensors and uses the improved YOLO algorithm to analyze visual data to comprehensively determine whether there is a fire risk and the risk level; Step S2, Small fire response: When it is determined that a small fire has occurred in a single or a few batteries or that there is a clear risk of thermal runaway, the small fire emergency plan is executed; Step S3, Medium fire response: When it is determined that most or all batteries in the new energy storage cabinet are simultaneously in danger, constituting a medium fire, the medium fire emergency plan is executed; Step S4, Large fire response: When it is determined that the entire system or multiple cabinets are facing a comprehensive fire threat, i.e., a large fire, the large fire emergency plan is executed.

8. The fire control and explosion suppression method for a new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific implementation steps of step S2 are as follows: S2.1: The monitoring system confirms that a specific battery tag number has been compromised; S2.2: The system control unit immediately sends an opening command to the back panel of the compartment where the battery is located and the corresponding door of the fire cabinet. The two open synchronously through a linkage mechanism to form a transfer channel; S2.3: The system can use the built-in pushing mechanism or rely on the battery's own gravity design to make the faulty battery slide along the slide rail from the energy storage cabinet into the fire cabinet; S2.4: After the faulty battery has completely entered the fire cabinet, the system controls the back panel and the fire cabinet door to close immediately, forming a sealed explosion suppression space; S2.5: The control unit triggers the perfluorohexanone spray port on the top of the fire cabinet to release a predetermined dose of perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent to flood the faulty battery for cooling and extinguishing, while inertizing the ambient atmosphere to prevent explosion; S2.6: The system sends an event handling report to the remote monitoring center.

9. The fire control and explosion suppression method for a new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific implementation steps of step S3 are as follows: S3.1: The monitoring system, through multi-sensor fusion, confirms that more than a preset number of batteries in the energy storage cabinet have experienced or are about to experience thermal runaway, making individual transfer unsuitable; S3.2: The system control unit locks all the back panels of the energy storage cabinets and the fire cabinet doors, keeping them closed to prevent the fire from spreading to the fire cabinet; S3.3: The system immediately triggers the perfluorohexanone spray nozzles on the top of the new energy storage cabinet, spraying perfluorohexanone into the entire internal space of the energy storage cabinet to carry out overall flooding fire suppression of all batteries, suppressing the fire and heat spread inside the cabinet; S3.4: The system sends the highest-level alarm and activates the local fire extinguishing notification to the remote monitoring center.

10. The fire control and explosion suppression method for a new energy storage cabinet based on perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific implementation steps of step S4 are as follows: S4.1: The monitoring system or the regional fire control panel determines that the fire has exceeded the control range of a single energy storage cabinet and may endanger the safety of other equipment or structures inside the entire storage box; S4.2: The system control unit issues a central control command to trigger the regional perfluorohexanone spray nozzle installed on the top of the storage box; S4.3: The regional perfluorohexanone system is activated to carry out total flooding fire suppression in the entire enclosed space of the storage box, ensuring that the fire is completely extinguished and preventing catastrophic accidents; S4.4: The system is linked to shut down the ventilation system of the storage box and sends an emergency accident signal to the remote monitoring center and the fire department.

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