A spherical tank fire-fighting spray system based on a square spray interface

Abstract

The application discloses a spherical tank fire-fighting spraying system based on a square jet interface, which comprises a spherical tank, a plurality of annular jet pipes are arranged in layers and columns at intervals on the periphery of the spherical tank, and jet heads facing the spherical tank are arranged at intervals on the walls of the annular jet pipes, wherein the jet heads spray water curtains to form square spraying areas on the surface of the spherical tank, the boundary areas of the spraying areas formed by horizontally adjacent jet heads are connected, the boundaries of the spraying areas formed by the upper and lower adjacent jet heads of the plurality of annular jet pipes are connected, and there is no cross-overlapping area or non-spraying area between the spraying areas sprayed by adjacent jet heads. The square spraying areas formed on the surface of the spherical tank by the jet heads, and the fact that there is no cross-overlapping area or non-spraying area between the spraying areas sprayed by adjacent jet heads can avoid the cracking and deformation of the tank body caused by the non-uniform local cooling of the tank body during the explosion of oil and natural gas in the spherical tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fire extinguishing technology, specifically relating to a spherical tank fire sprinkler system based on a square spray interface. Background Technology

[0002] As core facilities for storing flammable and explosive media such as oil and natural gas, the fire safety of spherical tanks is directly related to industrial production safety and environmental protection. Existing fire sprinkler systems for spherical tanks generally employ spray pipes arranged around the tank body, with the water curtain coverage area generated by the spray heads typically being circular. Due to the curved surface structure of the spherical tank, when multiple circular spray areas are arranged horizontally and vertically on the tank surface, uncovered gap areas and overly covered overlapping areas inevitably form between adjacent circular areas. The gap areas cannot provide effective cooling under fire conditions, leading to a sharp increase in localized tank temperature; the overlapping areas cause uneven distribution of fire-fighting water, exacerbating thermal stress concentration on the tank. This uneven cooling effect easily leads to the degradation of tank material properties, significantly increasing the risk of tank rupture, and potentially inducing secondary disasters such as explosions or media leaks. Therefore, how to optimize the sprinkler system design to achieve continuous and uniform water curtain coverage on the tank surface and eliminate gaps and overlaps has become a key issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the field of fire protection technology. Existing technologies urgently need improvement to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a fire sprinkler system for spherical tanks based on a square spray interface, which has a continuous and uniform water curtain coverage effect, eliminates uncovered gaps and over-covered overlapping areas, effectively prevents excessive local temperature and thermal stress concentration in the tank, and significantly reduces the risk of tank rupture.

[0004] This application provides a fire sprinkler system for spherical tanks based on a square spray interface. The system includes a spherical tank and multiple layers of annular spray pipes spaced apart around its outer perimeter. Spray heads facing the tank are installed at intervals along the walls of the annular spray pipes. The spray heads spray a water curtain, forming a square spray area on the surface of the tank. The spray areas formed by horizontally adjacent spray heads are contiguous at their boundaries. The spray areas formed by vertically adjacent spray heads on the multiple annular spray pipes are also contiguous at their boundaries. There are no overlapping or unsprayed areas between the spray areas sprayed by adjacent spray heads. This invention avoids the problem of uneven local cooling of the tank during oil and gas explosions inside the spherical tank, thus preventing cracking and deformation caused by these unevenly cooled areas.

[0005] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the spray head includes a square spray nozzle composed of four trapezoidal inclined cone surfaces spliced ​​together. A square bottom panel is provided at the center of the bottom of the square spray nozzle. A cross-shaped watershed is provided at the center of the square bottom panel. A spray channel is provided between the watershed and the square bottom panel. The spray channel divides the square bottom panel into guide blocks located at the four corners. A guide slope is provided on the side of the guide block. The guide slope guides the fire water of the spray channel to spray along the four trapezoidal inclined cone surfaces to form a square spray area.

[0006] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the distance between horizontally adjacent nozzles is L, the distance between vertically adjacent nozzles is also L, the vertical and horizontal range from the nozzle to the tank wall is W, and the water curtain angle sprayed by the nozzle is a. The formula for calculating L is as follows: L = .

[0007] Furthermore, this application proposes that the multi-layered annular injection pipes are all connected to two vertical pipes located on the side of the spherical tank. The two vertical pipes are vertical pipes on the side of the lower hemisphere of the spherical tank, and the vertical pipes are connected to multi-layered annular injection pipes of equal diameter. The two vertical pipes are curved pipes that bend at equal distances along the spherical tank on the side of the upper hemisphere of the spherical tank. The curved pipes are connected to multi-layered annular injection pipes that gradually decrease in diameter from bottom to top. The multi-layered annular injection pipes that gradually decrease in diameter maintain the same distance from the tank body.

[0008] Furthermore, this application also proposes that a multi-layered annular spray pipe is connected to a top-level spray device at the top of the spherical tank to perform fire extinguishing spray on the top of the spherical tank; the top-level spray device includes vertical spray pipes distributed in a ring along the annular spray pipe, the top of each vertical spray pipe is connected to a first rotating nozzle, the bottom of each vertical spray pipe is connected to a horizontal square spray pipe, and the end of the horizontal spray pipe is connected to a second rotating nozzle, the second rotating nozzle and the first rotating nozzle together spray a water curtain to cover the top of the spherical tank.

[0009] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the inner sides of the two risers are provided with support columns for connecting the spherical tank, and the support columns are connected to the risers through a first connecting rod; the bend is connected to the spherical tank through a second connecting rod.

[0010] As can be seen from the above, the spherical tank fire sprinkler system based on a square spray interface provided in this application achieves full coverage of the tank surface by precisely connecting the boundaries of the square spray zones. It has a continuous and uniform water curtain coverage effect, eliminates uncovered gaps and over-covered overlapping areas, effectively prevents excessive local temperature and thermal stress concentration in the tank, and significantly reduces the risk of tank rupture. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the upper hemisphere installation structure of a spherical tank fire sprinkler system based on a square spray interface according to the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lower hemisphere installation structure of a spherical tank fire sprinkler system based on a square spray interface according to the present invention.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the annular injection pipe installation structure in this invention;

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the top-level spraying device in this invention;

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the surface spraying planar structure of the spherical tank after it has been unfolded in this invention;

[0017] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the surface spraying direction structure of the spherical tank after it is unfolded in this invention;

[0018] Figure 7 This is a side view of the spray head structure in this invention;

[0019] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the jet head's jet angle structure in this invention;

[0020] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the spray structure of a prior art spherical tank fire sprinkler system. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this application, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Traditional fire sprinkler systems for spherical tanks typically use circular water curtains for fire suppression. When the nozzles are arranged regularly, non-spraying areas and overlapping areas often exist between the circular spray zones. This uneven spray coverage can lead to uneven heating of the tank surface, increasing the risk of tank rupture and potentially causing secondary accidents. Improving the uniformity of tank cooling and fire suppression is a current technical challenge.

[0024] In response, this application proposes a fire sprinkler system for a spherical tank based on a square spray interface, including a spherical tank 2. Multiple layers of annular spray pipes are spaced apart around the outer periphery of the spherical tank 2. Spray heads 8 are installed at intervals on the pipe walls of the annular spray pipes, facing the spherical tank. The spray heads 8 spray water curtains to form a square spray area on the surface of the spherical tank. The spray areas formed by horizontally adjacent spray heads are connected at their boundaries. The spray areas formed by the spray heads of the multiple annular spray pipes are connected at their boundaries. There are no overlapping areas or unsprayed areas between the spray areas sprayed by adjacent spray heads.

[0025] For ease of understanding, the following explains some key terms in this embodiment:

[0026] Spherical tank 2 refers to a spherical container used to store fluid media such as oil and natural gas. Its surface needs to be sprayed with fire sprinklers to deal with the risk of fire.

[0027] The annular spray pipe refers to the pipe installed around the outer perimeter of the spherical tank 2, on which multiple spray heads 8 are installed to transport fire water and guide it to spray onto the surface of the spherical tank 2.

[0028] Spray head 8 refers to the device installed on the wall of the annular spray pipe. Its function is to spray fire water in a specific shape onto the surface of the spherical tank 2 to form a spray coverage area.

[0029] The square spray zone refers to the area with a square boundary formed by the water curtain sprayed by the spray head 8 on the surface of the spherical tank 2.

[0030] The term "interconnected spray zone boundaries" refers to the square spray zones formed by horizontally adjacent spray heads 8, where the boundary lines are in close contact with each other without any gaps. Similarly, the square spray zones formed by vertically adjacent spray heads 8 in the multi-layer annular spray pipe also have their boundary lines in close contact with each other.

[0031] The absence of overlapping areas and unsprayed areas means that, through design and arrangement, there are no areas covered by overlapping water curtains or areas not covered by water curtains between the spray areas formed by adjacent spray heads 8, thereby achieving uniform and complete coverage of the surface of the spherical tank 2.

[0032] This embodiment provides a spherical tank fire sprinkler system based on a square spray interface. The system first includes a spherical tank 2, which serves as the main facility requiring fire protection. The size and material of the spherical tank 2 can be selected according to actual application requirements; for example, it can be a steel spherical tank used for storing liquefied natural gas or petroleum products.

[0033] Around the outer perimeter of the spherical tank 2, multiple layers of annular spray pipes are arranged at intervals. These annular spray pipes can be made of metal pipes, such as stainless steel or carbon steel pipes, and their diameter and wall thickness are designed according to the fire water flow and pressure requirements. The number of layers and spacing of the annular spray pipes can be initially planned based on the height and surface area of ​​the spherical tank 2 to ensure that the entire side area of ​​the spherical tank 2 can be covered. For example, the spherical tank 2 can be divided into several horizontal areas according to its height, with one layer of annular spray pipes corresponding to each area.

[0034] The annular spray pipe has spray heads 8 installed at intervals facing the spherical tank 2. These spray heads 8 can be fixed and connected to the annular spray pipe by thread or welding. The installation spacing and angle of the spray heads 8 can be initially set based on experience to achieve coverage of the surface of the spherical tank 2. For example, they can be installed at equal intervals, and the orientation of the spray heads 8 can be adjusted so that their spray direction is approximately perpendicular to the surface of the spherical tank 2.

[0035] The spray head 8 is designed to spray a water curtain to form a square spray area on the surface of the spherical tank 2. There are various ways to achieve this square spray area. For example, the spray head 8 can employ a nozzle structure with a square outlet, guiding the water flow through an internal guide plate or a flow channel of a specific shape, so that it forms an approximately square water curtain after leaving the nozzle. Alternatively, the spray head 8 can also form a unified square coverage area at a certain distance through a combination of multiple small holes.

[0036] Furthermore, this system requires that the boundary areas of the spray zones formed by horizontally adjacent spray heads 8 be in contact. This means that on the same layer of annular spray pipes, the horizontal boundary lines of the square spray areas formed by adjacent spray heads 8 must be in close contact with each other without any gaps. This contact can be achieved by accurately adjusting the horizontal spacing of the spray heads 8. For example, the installation position of the spray heads 8 can be gradually adjusted through on-site measurements and repeated tests until the boundaries of adjacent spray zones are exactly in contact.

[0037] Simultaneously, the spray zones formed by adjacent nozzles 8 on the multi-layered annular spray pipes also connect. This ensures that, in the vertical direction, the vertical boundaries of the square spray areas formed by nozzles 8 on different layers of annular spray pipes are also in close contact with each other. This vertical connection can be achieved by adjusting the vertical spacing of the annular spray pipes and the vertical spray angle of the nozzles 8. For example, the appropriate layer spacing and spray angle can be determined based on the spray characteristics of the nozzles 8 through empirical formulas or simulation calculations.

[0038] Therefore, through the above design, the spray zones of adjacent nozzles 8 can achieve no overlapping areas and no unsprayed areas. This means that the entire surface of the spherical tank 2 is completely covered by a series of closely arranged square spray zones, eliminating both the resource waste caused by repeated water curtain spraying and the fire blind spots caused by areas not covered by the water curtain. The achievement of this uniform coverage depends on a comprehensive consideration and accurate arrangement of the spray characteristics, installation spacing, and angle of the nozzles 8.

[0039] The fire sprinkler system for the spherical tank in this embodiment employs a design that creates a square spray zone on the surface of the tank using a jet of water, ensuring close contact between the boundaries of adjacent spray zones in both the horizontal and vertical directions. This eliminates the non-spraying and overlapping areas present in traditional circular sprinkler systems. Consequently, it achieves uniform and complete coverage of the fire-fighting water curtain on the surface of the spherical tank, effectively avoiding the risk of uneven heating of the tank, significantly improving the uniformity of cooling during a fire, and reducing the possibility of secondary accidents caused by tank rupture.

[0040] In some embodiments described above, a water curtain is sprayed from a nozzle to form a square spray area on the surface of a spherical tank. The spray areas formed by horizontally adjacent nozzles are connected at their boundaries, and the spray areas formed by adjacent nozzles in a multi-layered annular spray pipe are also connected at their boundaries. There are no overlapping or unsprayed areas between the spray areas sprayed by adjacent nozzles. However, in practice, designing nozzles to precisely form a square spray area and ensuring no overlapping or unsprayed areas are technical problems that need to be solved. Traditional nozzles typically form circular or fan-shaped water curtains, making it difficult to directly achieve efficient and seamless square coverage.

[0041] In response, this application further proposes a spray head 8, which includes a square spray nozzle formed by splicing four trapezoidal inclined cone surfaces 19. A square bottom panel 21 is provided at the center of the bottom of the square spray nozzle. A cross-shaped watershed 22 is provided at the center of the square bottom panel 21. A spray channel 20 is provided between the watershed 22 and the square bottom panel 21. The spray channel 20 divides the square bottom panel 21 into guide blocks located at the four corners. A guide slope 23 is provided on the side of the guide block. The guide slope 23 guides the fire water of the spray channel 20 to spray along the four trapezoidal inclined cone surfaces 19 to form a square spray area.

[0042] Specifically, the spray head 8 is a key component used to spray fire-fighting water onto the surface of the spherical tank 2. Its core lies in the precise shaping of the water flow through its internal structure to form a square water curtain. The nozzle of the spray head 8 is designed as a square and is composed of four trapezoidal inclined cones 19. The inclination angle and geometry of these trapezoidal inclined cones 19 are carefully designed to guide and diffuse the incoming water flow into a water curtain with clearly defined square boundaries, thereby forming the desired square spray area on the surface of the spherical tank 2. By precisely controlling the parameters of these cones 19, the shape and coverage of the water curtain can be ensured to meet requirements.

[0043] The square bottom plate 21 located at the center of the square nozzle serves as an initial guide surface for the water flow before it enters the nozzle, providing a stable foundation for subsequent water flow diversion and guidance. Its square shape matches the nozzle, which helps to achieve uniform water flow distribution and initial shaping.

[0044] At the center of the square base panel 21, a cross-shaped watershed 22 is provided. The main function of this watershed 22 is to precisely divide the fire-fighting water flow entering the sprinkler head 8 into four independent streams, each directed in one of the four directions of the nozzle. This diversion design is key to achieving a square sprinkler zone, ensuring that the water flow is evenly distributed across the four trapezoidal inclined cones 19 of the nozzle. The height, width, and intersection angle of the watershed 22 affect the diversion effect and uniformity of the water flow.

[0045] The channel formed between the watershed 22 and the square base plate 21 is the jet channel 20. The jet channel 20 is the main path for water to flow from the inside of the jet head 8 to the jet outlet. It carries and guides the water flow divided by the watershed 22. The cross-sectional shape, length, and smoothness of the channel affect the velocity, pressure, and stability of the water flow, and thus affect the quality and shape of the jet water curtain.

[0046] The jet channel 20 divides the square base panel 21 into guide blocks located at the four corners. These guide blocks, acting as physical boundaries, further define the shape and orientation of the jet channel 20, ensuring that the water flow can be precisely guided. They work in conjunction with the watershed 22 to shape the initial form of the water flow.

[0047] The guide block has guide ramps 23 on its sides. Guide ramps 23 are one of the key structures in shaping the water flow. They guide the fire-fighting horizontal slick in the jet channel 20 to four trapezoidal inclined cones 19. The angle and curvature design of the ramps are crucial, as they directly affect the jet angle when the water leaves the nozzle and the diffusion characteristics of the water curtain, thereby ensuring the formation of a precise square spray zone on the surface of the spherical tank 2.

[0048] Through the aforementioned technical solution, the ingenious internal structural design of the sprinkler head 8, including a square spray nozzle formed by four trapezoidal inclined conical surfaces 19, a square bottom panel 21, a cross-shaped watershed 22, a spray channel 20, a guide block, and a guide ramp 23, can precisely divide and guide the incoming fire water flow, forming a water curtain with a clearly defined square boundary when it leaves the sprinkler head. This design overcomes the technical difficulty of traditional sprinkler heads in forming a precise square spray area, ensuring that the sprayed water curtain forms an ideal square spray area on the surface of the spherical tank 2. Since each sprinkler head 8 can stably spray a square water curtain, it is possible to achieve precise connection between the spray area boundaries formed by horizontally adjacent and vertically adjacent sprinkler heads, thereby forming a continuous and uniform coverage on the surface of the spherical tank 2 without overlapping or unsprayed areas. This significantly improves the coverage efficiency and fire extinguishing effect of the fire sprinkler system, avoids water waste, and ensures comprehensive protection of the surface of the spherical tank 2.

[0049] In some embodiments described above, a spherical tank fire sprinkler system based on a square spray interface is proposed. This system forms a square spray zone on the surface of the spherical tank by spraying a water curtain through nozzles 8. It requires that the spray zones formed by horizontally adjacent nozzles be connected at their boundaries, and that the spray zones formed by adjacent nozzles on a multi-layered annular spray pipe also be connected at their boundaries. Furthermore, there should be no overlapping or unsprayed areas between the spray zones sprayed by adjacent nozzles. However, in actual implementation, accurately determining the spacing between nozzles to ensure that the spray zones neither overlap nor leave gaps is a key technical challenge. Improper spacing may result in some areas not being effectively covered or water resources being wasted, affecting fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0050] In this regard, this application further proposes that the distance between horizontally adjacent nozzles is L, the distance between vertically adjacent nozzles is also L, the vertical and horizontal range from the nozzle to the tank wall is W, and the water curtain spray angle is α. The formula for calculating L is as follows: L = .

[0051] Specifically, the spacing between horizontally adjacent spray heads is L, and the spacing between vertically adjacent spray heads is also L. This indicates that the spray heads 8 form a uniform grid-like spray layout on the surface of the spherical tank 2. L represents the side length of each square spray area on the surface of the spherical tank 2, and is also the center-to-center distance between adjacent spray heads 8. This uniform spacing design aims to simplify the installation process and ensure the continuity and consistency of the spray coverage.

[0052] The vertical and horizontal range W from the spray head to the tank wall refers to the vertical distance from the outlet of the spray head 8 to the point of impact of the water curtain on the surface of the tank 2. This parameter is one of the key factors in determining the size of the spray area, and it directly affects the range of the water curtain spread on the surface of the tank 2. The value of W can be determined by measuring the distance between the installation position of the spray head 8 and the surface of the tank 2, or it can be preset according to the system design requirements.

[0053] The water curtain sprayed by the nozzle is defined as having a spray angle of 'a', which refers to the angle at which the water curtain sprayed by the nozzle 8 spreads out on a plane perpendicular to the spray direction. This angle is determined by the design characteristics of the nozzle 8 itself. For example, inside the nozzle 8, the water flow is guided by four trapezoidal inclined cones 19 and guide slopes 23 to form a water curtain with a specific diffusion angle. The spray angle 'a' and the range W together determine the size of the spray area formed by the water curtain on the surface of the spherical tank 2.

[0054] The formula for calculating L is L= This paper presents a method for accurately calculating the spacing between spray heads 8. Based on geometric principles, the formula uses the spray angle α of the spray head 8 and its range W to the surface of the spherical tank 2 as input parameters to directly calculate the ideal spacing L that ensures precise alignment of adjacent square spray zones without overlap or gaps. The introduction of this formula elevates the design of the spray system from empirical estimation to precise calculation.

[0055] Through the above technical solution, this application can accurately calculate the optimal spacing L between the spray heads 8 in the horizontal and vertical directions based on the actual spray characteristics (spray angle α) and installation conditions (range W) of the spray heads 8. This ensures that the square spray areas formed by each spray head 8 can be seamlessly connected, avoiding resource waste caused by overlapping water curtains and eliminating potential fire hazards from unsprayed areas. This precise spacing calculation method greatly improves the coverage efficiency and fire extinguishing effect of the spherical tank fire sprinkler system, enabling the entire surface of the spherical tank 2 to receive comprehensive, uniform, and efficient fire protection. The preferred spray angle α is 120 degrees.

[0056] To address this issue, this application proposes a fire sprinkler system for spherical tanks based on a square spray interface. This system comprises multiple layers of annular spray pipes spaced apart around the outer perimeter of the spherical tank 2, with spray heads 8 installed at intervals along the pipe walls facing the tank. The spray heads 8 spray a water curtain, forming a square spray area on the surface of the tank. The spray areas formed by horizontally adjacent spray heads are contiguous, and the spray areas formed by vertically adjacent spray heads on the multiple annular spray pipes are also contiguous. There are no overlapping or unsprayed areas between the spray areas sprayed by adjacent spray heads. However, in practical applications, how to efficiently and uniformly deliver fire water to these multiple annular spray pipes, and ensure that the entire sprinkler system can closely and uniformly conform to the complex curved surface of the spherical tank to guarantee the consistency and reliability of the spray effect, is a technical problem that needs to be solved. Simply arranging the water supply pipes may result in uneven water pressure distribution, complex pipe structures, or inconsistent distances between the pipes and the tank surface, thus affecting fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0057] To address this, this application further proposes a water supply and arrangement scheme for a multi-layered annular spray pipe system. Each of the multi-layered annular spray pipes is connected to two risers 5 located on the side of the spherical tank 2. These two risers 5 serve as the main water supply channels, responsible for delivering fire-fighting water to the entire sprinkler system. The design using two risers 5 effectively balances the water supply pressure, ensuring that fire-fighting water is evenly and stably distributed to each annular spray pipe, avoiding pressure unevenness caused by unilateral water supply. The risers 5 are typically made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant metal pipes, such as stainless steel or carbon steel, and their diameter is precisely calculated and selected based on the required flow rate and pressure of the system to ensure sufficient delivery capacity.

[0058] Specifically, the two risers 5 are designed as vertical pipes on the side of the lower hemisphere of the spherical tank 2. This vertical arrangement simplifies pipe installation and fixing, and fully utilizes gravity to assist the flow of fire water to the annular jet pipes in the lower hemisphere. The vertical pipes maintain an appropriate distance from the surface of the spherical tank 2 and are fixed by structural supports to ensure their stability and safety. Connected to the vertical pipes in the lower hemisphere of the spherical tank 2 are multi-layered annular jet pipes 1 of equal diameter. These annular jet pipes 1 have the same diameter, designed to simplify the manufacturing process and installation. The equal diameter design helps maintain a relatively consistent water flow velocity and pressure in the lower hemisphere region, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the water curtain sprayed by the nozzles 8 and achieving effective coverage of the lower hemisphere surface of the spherical tank.

[0059] To accommodate the curved surface of the upper hemisphere of the spherical tank 2, the two risers 5 are designed as bends along the sides of the upper hemisphere of the tank 2, curving at equal intervals. This bend structure precisely conforms to the curvature of the tank 2, ensuring a constant distance between the entire spray system and the surface of the tank 2. The manufacturing of the bends requires precise bending processes to ensure their shape perfectly matches the curvature of the tank 2. Connected to the bends in the upper hemisphere are multi-layered annular spray pipes 7 with gradually decreasing diameters from bottom to top. Considering that the circumference of the upper hemisphere of the tank 2 gradually decreases from bottom to top, the design of the gradually decreasing diameter annular spray pipes 7 effectively maintains the water flow velocity and pressure within the pipes, compensating for head loss caused by changes in pipe length and height. This design not only optimizes hydraulic performance and ensures consistent spraying effect of the spray heads 8 at different heights, but also helps save materials. To ensure that the spray heads 8 always spray the surface of the tank 2 at the optimal distance, the multi-layered annular spray pipes 7 with gradually decreasing diameters are precisely installed, maintaining the same distance from the tank body. This constant spacing design is key to achieving uniform coverage of the sprayed water curtain and avoiding unsprayed or excessively overlapping areas. Through precise measurement, positioning, and a custom-designed support structure, it is ensured that the spray pipe 7 maintains a consistent distance from the surface of the spherical tank 2 throughout the entire upper hemisphere.

[0060] Through the above technical solution, this application cleverly adapts to the spherical geometry of the spherical tank 2, enabling the sprinkler system to closely and uniformly surround the spherical tank 2. This not only ensures that fire-fighting water can be efficiently and evenly delivered to all spray pipes, but also ensures that the spray head 8 can spray in optimal condition at any position on the spherical tank 2 through reasonable variation of pipe diameter and precise control of the distance between the pipe and the surface of the spherical tank, forming a seamless and non-overlapping square spray zone, thereby significantly improving the fire-fighting efficiency and coverage uniformity of the entire fire sprinkler system for the spherical tank 2.

[0061] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, although the main body of the spherical tank 2 can be effectively sprayed and covered by the multi-layer annular spray pipe and the gradually narrowing bend pipe design, for the top area of ​​the spherical tank 2, due to its unique curvature and height, it may be difficult to achieve a comprehensive, uniform and dead-angle-free fire-extinguishing water curtain coverage by relying solely on lateral spraying. Especially in the early stage of a fire or when rapid cooling of the top structure is required, there may be spray blind spots or insufficient coverage, thereby affecting the overall fire-fighting effect.

[0062] In this regard, this application further proposes that the multi-layer annular spray pipe 7 is connected to a top-level spray device at the top of the spherical tank 2 to perform fire extinguishing spray on the top of the spherical tank 2. The top-level spray device 10 includes vertical spray pipes 12 distributed in a ring along the annular spray pipe 7. The top of each vertical spray pipe 12 is connected to a first rotating nozzle 11, and the bottom of each vertical spray pipe 12 is connected to a horizontal square spray pipe 16. The end of the horizontal spray pipe 16 is connected to a second rotating nozzle 17. The second rotating nozzle 17 and the first rotating nozzle 11 jointly spray a water curtain to cover the top of the spherical tank 2.

[0063] Specifically, the top-level spray device 10 is designed specifically to address the spray coverage issue in the top area of ​​the spherical tank 2. Its main function is to ensure that the highest point and surrounding area of ​​the spherical tank 2 are effectively covered by the fire-fighting water curtain, eliminating blind spots that may exist in traditional side spraying. This device is typically integrated above the uppermost annular spray pipe 7, achieving three-dimensional spraying of the top through a specific spray structure.

[0064] Vertical jet pipes 12 are distributed in a ring around the annular jet pipes 7, serving as channels for the upward flow of fire-fighting water. They direct the fire-fighting water from the annular jet pipes 7 to the top area of ​​the spherical tank 2, providing a water source for subsequent spraying. The length and number of vertical jet pipes 12 can be adjusted according to the size of the spherical tank 2 and the required coverage area to ensure that the spraying device can achieve the appropriate height and distribution density.

[0065] The first rotating nozzle 11 is installed at the top of the vertical spray pipe 12, and is mainly responsible for spraying a water curtain upwards or diagonally upwards to cover the highest point of the spherical tank 2 and its surrounding arc-shaped area. The design of the rotating nozzle enables dynamic spraying within a 360-degree or specific angle range, thereby ensuring that the water curtain can uniformly cover the entire top area and avoid localized overcooling or insufficient spraying. Its rotation mechanism can be achieved by water pressure drive or external motor drive.

[0066] Horizontal square spray pipes 16 are connected to the bottom of vertical spray pipes 12 and are arranged in a horizontal square layout. Their function is to divert the fire-fighting water flow from the vertical spray pipes 12 to the horizontal direction, providing a water source for the second rotary nozzles 17. The square layout helps to form a uniform spray ring at the top edge of the spherical tank 2, which complements the spray range of the first rotary nozzles 11.

[0067] The second rotating nozzle 17 is installed at the end of the horizontal square spray pipe 16 and is mainly responsible for spraying a water curtain outward or downward to cover the transition area between the top and side walls of the spherical tank 2. In conjunction with the first rotating nozzle 11, the second rotating nozzle 17 can further expand the spray range, ensuring that the top edge area of ​​the spherical tank 2 also receives sufficient cooling and fire extinguishing protection. Its rotational characteristics also contribute to achieving a uniform distribution of the water curtain.

[0068] Through the above technical solution, a top-level spray device 10 is installed on the top of the spherical tank 2. Firefighting water is guided to the top using vertical spray pipes 12 distributed in a ring along the annular spray pipe 7. The water is then sprayed upwards or diagonally upwards through a first rotating nozzle 11 connected to the top, and outwards or downwards through a second rotating nozzle 17 connected to the end of a horizontal square spray pipe 16 connected to the bottom. This achieves three-dimensional, all-around water curtain coverage of the top area of ​​the spherical tank 2. This design effectively compensates for potential blind spots in top spraying that might exist when relying solely on lateral annular spray pipes, ensuring that the firefighting water curtain evenly and without dead angles covers the highest point and surrounding arc-shaped area of ​​the spherical tank 2. The coordinated operation of the first rotating nozzle 11 and the second rotating nozzle 17 allows the water curtain to spray the top from different angles and heights, significantly improving the cooling efficiency and fire extinguishing effect of the top of the spherical tank 2 during a fire, thereby enhancing the reliability and safety of the entire fire sprinkler system.

[0069] In practical applications, the annular spray pipe and riser 5 in the aforementioned fire sprinkler system need to be stably fixed to the outside of the spherical tank 2 for a long period of time to ensure that the spray head 8 can accurately cover the surface of the spherical tank. However, without sufficient support, these pipe structures may shift, deform, or sway due to their own weight, water flow impact, wind load, or external vibration, thereby affecting the accuracy and coverage of the spray water curtain, and may even lead to system damage and reduce the reliability of fire extinguishing.

[0070] In response, this application further proposes to reinforce the structure of the above-mentioned fire sprinkler system. Specifically, the two risers 5 are provided with support columns 6 for connecting the spherical tank 2 on their inner sides, and the support columns 6 are connected to the risers 5 through the first connecting rod 3; the bend is connected to the spherical tank 2 through the second connecting rod 9.

[0071] Specifically, support columns 6 are installed inside the two risers 5, and their main function is to provide additional structural support and fixation for the risers 5. These support columns 6 are typically made of high-strength materials, such as steel, to withstand the weight of the risers 5 and the connected annular jet pipes, as well as the impact force of the water flow during operation. One end of the support column 6 is firmly connected to the external structure of the spherical tank 2, and the other end is connected to the riser 5 through a connector, thus forming a stable support frame that effectively prevents displacement of the riser 5 in the vertical and radial directions. The first connecting rod 3 is used to connect the support column 6 to the riser 5. The first connecting rod 3 can take various forms, such as welding, bolting, or clamping, and its design should ensure the strength and reliability of the connection and effectively transfer the load. Through the first connecting rod 3, the supporting force provided by the support column 6 can effectively act on the riser 5, thereby enhancing the overall rigidity and stability of the riser 5 and ensuring that it maintains its predetermined position and orientation under various working conditions. The second connecting rod 9 is used to connect the bend to the spherical tank 2. Since the bend is arranged along the side of the upper hemisphere of the spherical tank 2, the precision of its shape and position is crucial for the spraying effect. The second connecting rod 9 is typically designed with adjustable length or angle to precisely adjust the distance and relative position between the bend and the spherical tank 2 during installation. These connecting rods can be fixed by welding, bolting, or clamping to ensure that the bend is tightly and stably attached to the surface of the spherical tank 2, preventing it from shaking or deforming due to vibration or water flow impact, thereby maintaining the accurate spraying angle and coverage of the spray head 8.

[0072] Through the above technical solution, support columns 6 are installed inside the two risers 5 to connect to the spherical tank 2. The support columns 6 are connected to the risers 5 using a first connecting rod 3, and the bend is connected to the spherical tank 2 using a second connecting rod 9. This application effectively solves the structural stability problem of the fire sprinkler system during long-term operation outside the spherical tank. The cooperation of the support columns 6 and the first connecting rod 3 provides robust vertical and radial support for the risers 5, significantly enhancing the risers 5's resistance to deformation and overall rigidity, ensuring the stable installation of the multi-layer annular spray pipe. At the same time, the second connecting rod 9 directly fixes the bend to the spherical tank 2, effectively preventing the bend from shifting and shaking under water flow impact or external disturbances. This ensures that the spray head 8 can always maintain the preset spray angle and position, ensuring that the sprayed water curtain can accurately cover the surface of the spherical tank, avoiding unsprayed areas or uneven spraying. This structural design not only improves the operational reliability and safety of the entire fire sprinkler system but also extends the service life of the equipment, ensuring efficient and accurate fire extinguishing operations in emergency situations.

[0073] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A fire sprinkler system for a spherical tank based on a square spray interface, comprising a spherical tank (2), with multiple layers of annular spray pipes spaced apart around the outer periphery of the spherical tank (2), and spray heads (8) facing the spherical tank installed at intervals on the pipe walls of the annular spray pipes, characterized in that: The spray head (8) sprays water curtain to form a square spray area on the surface of the spherical tank. The spray areas formed by horizontally adjacent spray heads are connected. The spray areas formed by the spray heads of the multi-layer annular spray pipe are connected. There are no overlapping areas or unsprayed areas between the spray areas sprayed by adjacent spray heads.

2. The spherical tank fire sprinkler system based on a square spray interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray head (8) includes a square spray nozzle formed by splicing four trapezoidal inclined cone surfaces (19). A square bottom panel (21) is provided at the center of the bottom of the square spray nozzle. A cross-shaped watershed (22) is provided at the center of the square bottom panel (21). A spray channel (20) is provided between the watershed (22) and the square bottom panel (21). The spray channel (20) divides the square bottom panel (21) into guide blocks located at the four corners. A guide slope (23) is provided on the side of the guide block. The guide slope (23) guides the fire water of the spray channel (20) to spray along the four trapezoidal inclined cone surfaces (19) to form a square spray area.

3. The spherical tank fire sprinkler system based on a square spray interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between horizontally adjacent nozzles is L, and the distance between vertically adjacent nozzles is also L. The vertical and horizontal range from the nozzle to the tank wall is W, and the spray angle of the water curtain is α. L is calculated using the following formula: L = .

4. A spherical tank fire sprinkler system based on a square spray interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-layer annular spray pipes are all connected to two vertical pipes (5) located on the side of the spherical tank (2). The two vertical pipes (5) are vertical pipes on the side of the lower hemisphere of the spherical tank (2), and the vertical pipes are connected to multi-layer annular spray pipes (1) of equal diameter. The two vertical pipes (5) are curved pipes that bend at equal distances along the spherical tank on the side of the upper hemisphere of the spherical tank (2). The curved pipes are connected to multi-layer annular spray pipes (7) that gradually decrease in diameter from bottom to top. The multi-layer annular spray pipes (7) that gradually decrease in diameter maintain the same distance from the tank body of the spherical tank (2).

5. A spherical tank fire sprinkler system based on a square spray interface according to claim 4, characterized in that: The multi-layer annular spray pipe (7) is connected to the top spray device at the top of the spherical tank (2) to perform fire extinguishing spray on the top of the spherical tank; the top spray device (10) includes vertical spray pipes (12) distributed in a ring along the annular spray pipe (7), the top of each vertical spray pipe (12) is connected to a first rotating nozzle (11), the bottom of each vertical spray pipe (12) is connected to a horizontal square horizontal spray pipe (16), the end of the horizontal spray pipe (16) is connected to a second rotating nozzle (17), the second rotating nozzle (17) and the first rotating nozzle (11) spray a water curtain together to cover the top of the spherical tank (2).

6. A spherical tank fire sprinkler system based on a square spray interface according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two risers (5) are provided with support columns (6) for connecting the spherical tank on their inner sides. The support columns (6) are connected to the risers (5) through the first connecting rod (3). The bend is connected to the spherical tank (2) through the second connecting rod (9).

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