Steel slag-based fire extinguishing material, preparation method thereof and fire extinguishing foam

Abstract

The application provides a steel slag-based fire extinguishing material and a preparation method and a fire extinguishing foam, and belongs to the technical field of fire extinguishing. The steel slag-based fire extinguishing material comprises the following materials in percentage by mass: 0.2%-10% of a foaming agent, 1.3%-8% of bentonite, 0.3%-15% of flour, 3%-15% of fly ash, 0.03%-5% of steel slag, and the balance of water, and the total is 100%. The application introduces steel slag and fly ash to synergistically enhance the mechanical stability of the foam. The bentonite and the flour synergistically stabilize the foam, prolong the half-life period and the foam stabilization time, can form a persistent and stable covering layer in the coal mine goaf, the coal body fracture and the high-temperature area, block the contact between oxygen and combustible materials, improve the reliability and persistence of fire extinguishing, and avoid the problem that the existing foam leads to a sharp decline in the fire extinguishing effect due to premature collapse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire prevention and extinguishing technology, and in particular to a steel slag-based fire extinguishing material and its preparation method, as well as fire extinguishing foam. Background Technology

[0002] Fire prevention and extinguishing in mines is a crucial aspect of ensuring safe coal mine production. Currently, spontaneous combustion in goaf areas and high-risk areas has become a major hidden danger to mine safety. Fire extinguishing materials are typically used to effectively prevent spontaneous combustion in mines. Existing technologies usually employ fire extinguishing materials composed of a mixture of solid components, foam stabilizers, foaming agents, and water, followed by the introduction of inert gas to create a three-phase foam, which is then injected into the goaf or high-risk areas for fire prevention and extinguishing.

[0003] Currently, commonly used fire extinguishing materials use fly ash and sodium clay as solid particles and sodium α-olefin sulfonate as a foaming agent to prepare fly ash three-phase foam. Although the addition of sodium clay improves the agglomeration problem of fly ash to some extent, the foam liquid film produced by this fire extinguishing material has insufficient strength and cannot effectively resist the liquid film structure destruction caused by gravity drainage and gas diffusion, resulting in poor stability of the fly ash three-phase foam. In environments such as goaf areas, coal seam fissures, and high-temperature areas, the liquid half-life of fly ash three-phase foam is short, only 72 minutes, and the defoaming time is only maintained at 50-100 hours. It is difficult to form a stable and complete covering layer, and it cannot effectively isolate oxygen from combustibles, significantly weakening the oxygen-blocking and asphyxiation function. At the same time, due to the short liquid half-life, the foam is prone to premature collapse, leading to the sedimentation of solid particles and the loss of liquid phase. The covering capacity and cooling and asphyxiation function of the three-phase foam are lost, which not only significantly reduces the fire prevention and extinguishing effect, but also induces the risk of reignition due to the rupture of the covering layer, posing a serious threat to the safe production of coal mines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problems of poor stability of existing fire extinguishing materials and short liquid half-life of fly ash three-phase foam, which significantly reduces the fire prevention and extinguishing effect, this application provides a steel slag-based fire extinguishing material, its preparation method, and fire prevention and extinguishing foam.

[0005] This invention enhances the mechanical stability of foam by introducing steel slag and fly ash in synergy; bentonite and flour stabilize the foam in synergy, extending the foam half-life and stabilization time. The multi-component synergistic foam stabilization enables the fire-fighting foam to form a durable covering layer in coal mine goaf areas, coal body fissures and high-temperature areas, effectively isolating oxygen, improving the reliability of fire prevention and extinguishing, and overcoming the problem of easy collapse and failure of existing foams.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.

[0007] The first objective of this invention is to provide a steel slag-based fire extinguishing material, made from the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 0.2% to 10% foaming agent, 1.3% to 8% bentonite, 0.3% to 15% flour, 3% to 15% fly ash, 0.03% to 5% steel slag, and the balance being water, totaling 100%.

[0008] Foaming agents, ranging from 0.2% to 10%, can flexibly adjust the foaming ratio and foam fineness; excessive amounts of foaming agent weaken liquid film stability. Bentonite, ranging from 1.3% to 8%, provides basic thickening and particle suspension capabilities; excessive bentonite significantly increases slurry viscosity, leading to foaming difficulties and increased foam brittleness. Flour, ranging from 0.3% to 15%, enhances foam plasticity and synergistically stabilizes foam with bentonite; excessive flour causes foam to dry and harden, and is prone to microbial growth. Fly ash, ranging from 3% to 15%, forms a high-temperature resistant skeleton and improves the strength of the covering layer; excessive fly ash, due to its loose structure and tendency to agglomerate, disrupts foam uniformity. Steel slag, ranging from 0.03% to 5%, disperses fly ash and enhances the high-temperature resistance of foam; excessive steel slag increases foam density and reduces the foaming ratio and fluidity.

[0009] This invention, by adjusting the mass ratio of steel slag in steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials, can work in conjunction with fly ash to enhance the mechanical stability of the foam.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, it is made from the following raw materials in weight percentages: 0.3% to 2% foaming agent, 1.5% to 3% bentonite, 0.3% to 1.8% flour, 3.5% to 5% fly ash, 0.06% to 2% steel slag and the balance water, totaling 100%.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, it is made from the following raw materials in weight percentages: 0.3% foaming agent, 1.8% bentonite, 0.3% flour, 4% fly ash, 0.06% to 1.8% steel slag and the balance water, totaling 100%.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the steel slag composition comprises the following materials by mass percentage: 28%–40.5% CaO; 8.5%–20% SiO2; 2.6%–7.2% Al2O3; and 15.1%–36.2% Fe2O3, totaling 100%; and the mass of CO2 fixed in the steel slag is 10%–20.3% by mass.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the foaming agent is sodium α-olefin sulfonate foaming agent; the steel slag is converter steel slag, electric furnace steel slag, or open-hearth furnace steel slag.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the flour has a particle size of 60 mesh to 300 mesh; the bentonite has a particle size of 200 mesh to 400 mesh; the fly ash has a particle size of 200 mesh to 500 mesh; and the steel slag has a particle size of 200 mesh to 500 mesh.

[0015] Foaming agents can alter the surface tension of liquids and the hydrophobicity of solid particles, playing a crucial role in foam stability. Bentonite can increase viscosity and improve foam stabilization time.

[0016] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the aforementioned steel slag-based fire extinguishing material, characterized by comprising the following steps: Foaming agent, water, fly ash, steel slag, bentonite and flour are mixed evenly to form steel slag-based fire extinguishing material.

[0017] The third objective of this invention is to provide a fire-prevention and extinguishing foam, which is generated by introducing inert gas to impact steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials and filling them into goaf areas or high-risk areas for fire prevention and extinguishing.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention introduces steel slag, bentonite, and flour to form a synergistic foam-stabilizing system with fly ash, significantly improving the stability and durability of foam. Steel slag, with its high-temperature resistance, works synergistically with fly ash to enhance the mechanical stability of the foam. Bentonite and flour synergistically increase viscosity, ensuring uniform dispersion of solid particles in the slurry and extending the foam's half-life and stabilization time. The foaming agent reduces liquid surface tension while regulating the surface hydrophobicity of solid particles, further optimizing particle adsorption behavior at the foam's gas / liquid interface and playing a crucial regulatory role in foam stability. The synergistic effect of these multiple foam-stabilizing mechanisms enables the prepared steel slag-based fire extinguishing material to form a durable and stable foam covering layer in coal mine goaf areas, coal seam fissures, and high-temperature regions. This effectively blocks the contact between oxygen and combustibles, significantly improving the reliability and durability of fire prevention and extinguishing, overcoming the shortcomings of existing fire extinguishing materials where premature foam collapse leads to a significant decrease in fire prevention and extinguishing effectiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the preparation apparatus structure for all embodiments of the present invention. In the figure, 1—nitrogen cylinder body, 2—nitrogen cylinder valve, 3—nitrogen cylinder outlet, 4—nitrogen pressure reducing valve, 5—nitrogen pressure reducing valve outlet (pagoda-shaped, connected to a 6 mm inner diameter pipe), 6—6 mm inner diameter rubber hose, 7—glass rotor flow meter, 8—glass rotor flow meter inlet, 9—glass rotor flow meter outlet, 10—pressure display, 11—pressure display inlet, 12—pressure display outlet, 13—foamer, 14—foamer base, 15—air bubble stone (4.5 cm in diameter, 4.5 cm in height, 10 μm aperture), 16—foamer liquid tank, 17—foamer liquid inlet, 18—silicone hose.

[0020] Figure 2 The image shows the half-life observation environment of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 4 of this invention. The environment was an air environment at 10°C.

[0021] Figure 3 These are magnified microscopic images of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. Specifically, a is a 12.5x magnified microscopic image of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 3; b is a 50x magnified microscopic image of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 3; c is a 12.5x magnified microscopic image of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Comparative Example 1; and d is a 50x magnified microscopic image of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Comparative Example 1.

[0022] Figure 4 These are foam height diagrams of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Comparative Example 1. Specifically, a is the foam height diagram of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 1; b is the foam height diagram of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 2; c is the foam height diagram of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 3; d is the foam height diagram of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 4; e is the foam height diagram of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 5; and f is the foam height diagram of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Comparative Example 1.

[0023] Figure 5 The graph shows the half-life, foaming ratio, foaming rate, and viscosity data of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials prepared in Comparative Example 1. Examples 1 to 5 correspond to experimental groups 1 to 5 in the graph, and Comparative Example 1 corresponds to experimental group 6 in the graph. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solutions of this invention, the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following test methods and detection methods are conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the reagents and raw materials are commercially available.

[0025] Currently, commonly used fire extinguishing materials use fly ash and sodium shale as solid particles and sodium α-olefin sulfonate as a foaming agent to prepare fly ash three-phase foam. Although the addition of sodium shale improves the agglomeration problem of fly ash to some extent, the foam liquid film produced by this system has insufficient strength and cannot effectively resist the liquid film structure damage caused by gravity drainage and gas diffusion. This results in poor stability of the fly ash three-phase foam. In environments such as goaf areas, coal seam fissures, and high-temperature areas, the liquid half-life of fly ash three-phase foam is only 72 minutes, and the defoaming time is only maintained at 50-100 hours. It is difficult to form a stable and complete covering layer, and it cannot effectively isolate oxygen from combustibles, significantly weakening the oxygen-blocking and asphyxiation function. At the same time, due to the short liquid half-life, the foam is prone to premature collapse, leading to the sedimentation of solid particles and the loss of liquid phase. The covering capacity and cooling and asphyxiation function of the three-phase foam are lost, which not only significantly reduces the fire prevention and extinguishing effect, but also induces the risk of reignition due to the rupture of the covering layer, posing a serious threat to the safe production of coal mines. In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a steel slag-based fire extinguishing material and its preparation method, as well as a fire-prevention and extinguishing foam.

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be analyzed in detail below.

[0027] This invention provides a steel slag-based fire extinguishing material, comprising the following mass percentages: 0.2% to 10% foaming agent, 1.3% to 8% bentonite, 0.3% to 15% flour, 3% to 15% fly ash, 0.03% to 5% steel slag, and the balance being water, totaling 100%.

[0028] In the above-mentioned technical solution, the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material provided by the present invention, through the synergistic effect of steel slag and fly ash, and the synergistic foam stabilization of bentonite and flour, extends the foam half-life and foam stabilization time, and can form a durable and stable covering layer in coal mine goaf areas, coal body fissures and high-temperature areas, blocking the contact between oxygen and combustibles, improving the reliability and durability of fire prevention and extinguishing, and avoiding the problem that the fire prevention and extinguishing effect of existing fire extinguishing materials is greatly reduced due to premature foam collapse.

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below through the following embodiments and comparative examples.

[0030] The steel slag composition in all embodiments includes the following materials by mass percentage: 28.1% CaO; 8.55% SiO2; 2.63% Al2O3; 33.4% Fe2O3; and 15.32% CO2 fixed in the steel slag.

[0031] Example 1 A steel slag-based fire extinguishing material is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 0.3% sodium α-olefin sulfonate foaming agent, 1.8% bentonite, 0.3% flour, 4% fly ash, 0.06% steel slag, balance water, total 100%.

[0032] A method for preparing steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials includes the following steps: S1, sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate foaming agent and water are mixed evenly to form the first mixture.

[0033] S2, add fly ash and steel slag to the first mixture, mix evenly to obtain the second mixture.

[0034] S3, Bentonite and flour are added to the second mixture and mixed evenly to obtain steel slag-based fire extinguishing material.

[0035] Example 2 A steel slag-based fire extinguishing material is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 0.3% sodium α-olefin sulfonate foaming agent, 1.8% bentonite, 0.3% flour, 4% fly ash, 0.3% steel slag, balance water, total 100%.

[0036] A method for preparing steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials includes the following steps: S1, sodium α-olefin sulfonate foaming agent and water are mixed evenly to form the first mixture.

[0037] S2, add fly ash and steel slag to the first mixture, mix evenly to obtain the second mixture.

[0038] S3, Bentonite and flour are added to the second mixture and mixed evenly to obtain steel slag-based fire extinguishing material.

[0039] Example 3 A steel slag-based fire extinguishing material is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 0.3% sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate foaming agent, 1.8% bentonite, 0.3% flour, 4% fly ash, 0.6% steel slag, balance water, total 100%.

[0040] A method for preparing a steel slag-based fire extinguishing material includes the following steps: S1, sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate foaming agent and water are mixed evenly to form the first mixture.

[0041] S2, add fly ash and steel slag to the first mixture, mix evenly to obtain the second mixture.

[0042] S3, Bentonite and flour are added to the second mixture and mixed evenly to obtain steel slag-based fire extinguishing material.

[0043] Example 4 A steel slag-based fire extinguishing material is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 0.3% sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate foaming agent, 1.8% bentonite, 0.3% flour, 4% fly ash, 1.2% steel slag, balance water, total 100%.

[0044] A method for preparing a steel slag-based fire extinguishing material includes the following steps: S1, sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate foaming agent and water are mixed evenly to form the first mixture.

[0045] S2, add fly ash and steel slag to the first mixture, mix evenly to obtain the second mixture.

[0046] S3, Bentonite and flour are added to the second mixture and mixed evenly to obtain steel slag-based fire extinguishing material.

[0047] Example 5 A steel slag-based fire extinguishing material is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 0.3% sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate foaming agent, 1.8% bentonite, 0.3% flour, 4% fly ash, 1.8% steel slag, balance water, total 100%.

[0048] A method for preparing a steel slag-based fire extinguishing material includes the following steps: S1, sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate foaming agent and water are mixed evenly to form the first mixture.

[0049] S2, add fly ash and steel slag to the first mixture, mix evenly to obtain the second mixture.

[0050] S3, Bentonite and flour are added to the second mixture and mixed evenly to obtain steel slag-based fire extinguishing material.

[0051] To further illustrate the effects of the present invention, comparative examples are also provided, as follows: Comparative Example 1 A method for preparing a fire extinguishing material, comprising the following mass percentages: Fire extinguishing material is prepared by mixing 2% refractory clay (150 mesh), 25% W-101 composite foaming agent, 5% calcined glue powder, 5% fly ash (200 mesh), and the balance being water.

[0052] The steel slag-based fire extinguishing material in this embodiment uses a foam generator to produce three-phase foam, which is then filled into the goaf or high-risk area of ​​a coal mine for fire prevention and extinguishing. Specific application examples are as follows: Application Example 1 The steel slag-based fire extinguishing material obtained in Example 1 is poured into the foaming agent's liquid tank. Nitrogen gas is delivered through a nitrogen cylinder to the air stone within the foaming agent's liquid tank, with an input nitrogen pressure of 0.25 MPa and a flow rate of 1 L / min. The nitrogen gas impacts the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material through the micron-sized pores of the air stone, producing fire extinguishing foam (micron-sized three-phase foam). When the hose is placed near the target area, the foam will flow to the target area for fire prevention and extinguishing.

[0053] Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the preparation apparatus according to all embodiments of the present invention. In the diagram, 1—nitrogen cylinder body, 2—nitrogen cylinder valve, 3—nitrogen cylinder outlet, 4—nitrogen pressure reducing valve, 5—nitrogen pressure reducing valve outlet (pagoda-shaped, connected to a 6 mm inner diameter pipe), 6—6 mm inner diameter rubber hose, 7—glass rotor flow meter, 8—glass rotor flow meter inlet, 9—glass rotor flow meter outlet, 10—pressure display, 11—pressure display inlet, 12—pressure display outlet, 13—foamer, 14—foamer base, 15—air bubble stone (4.5 cm in diameter, 4.5 cm in height, 10 μm aperture), 16—foamer liquid tank, 17—foamer liquid inlet, 18—silicone hose.

[0054] The apparatus for preparing fire extinguishing foam specifically includes: a nitrogen input device, a foaming agent tank, a flow meter, and a pressure gauge. The foaming agent tank contains air bubbles. The nitrogen input device and the air bubbles are connected via a rubber hose. The air bubbles disperse nitrogen into fine bubbles. The flow meter and pressure gauge are respectively mounted on the rubber hose. The flow meter monitors and adjusts the nitrogen output flow rate of the nitrogen input device, and the pressure gauge monitors the nitrogen output pressure of the nitrogen input device. The surface of the air bubbles is filled with pores of 700 micrometers. The nitrogen input device includes: a nitrogen cylinder and a nitrogen pressure reducing valve. The nitrogen pressure reducing valve is located at the outlet of the nitrogen cylinder and is connected to the rubber hose. The pressure gauge is positioned between the foaming agent tank and the flow meter. The nitrogen output from the nitrogen input device passes sequentially through the flow meter and pressure gauge into the air bubbles. The pressure gauge monitors the output gas pressure data in real time, and the input gas pressure is adjusted by the nitrogen pressure reducing valve to maintain a pressure of 0.25 MPa. The flow meter (glass rotor flow meter) is used to adjust the input nitrogen flow rate to 1L / min, and the output gas pressure is monitored through the pressure display to observe the gas resistance along the flow path.

[0055] The steel slag-based fire extinguishing material obtained in the example is poured into the liquid tank of the foamer. Nitrogen gas is delivered to the bubble stone in the liquid tank of the foamer through a nitrogen cylinder. The nitrogen gas is dispersed into tiny bubbles through the micron-sized pores on the surface of the bubble stone. The tiny bubbles impact the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material to obtain fire extinguishing foam (micron-sized three-phase foam). The hose is placed near the target area, and the foam will flow to the target area to extinguish the fire.

[0056] Figure 2 The image shows the half-life observation environment of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 4 of this invention. The environment was an air environment at 10°C.

[0057] Figure 3 These are magnified microscopic images of the fire extinguishing materials prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. a) is a 12.5x magnified microscopic image of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 3; b) is a 50x magnified microscopic image of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 3; c) is a 12.5x magnified microscopic image of the fire extinguishing material prepared in Comparative Example 1; d) is a 50x magnified microscopic image of the fire extinguishing material prepared in Comparative Example 1. Comparing Figures a and c, it can be seen that the solid particles in the foam of Example 4 are more clearly distributed in the foam liquid film and foam gaps, while the solid particles in Comparative Example 1 are almost invisible. The synergy of steel slag and fly ash enables the solid particles to exist more stably in the foam system. Comparing Figures b and d, it can be seen that the foam size of Example 3 is more uniform than that of Comparative Example 1, and the uniform coverage of solid particles on the foam surface can form a skeletal structure that resists foam deformation.

[0058] Figure 4These figures show the foam height of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials prepared in Examples 1-5 and the fire extinguishing material prepared in Comparative Example 1 after 8 minutes of foaming. Specifically, a) shows the foam height of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing foam agent prepared in Example 1; b) shows the foam height of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 2; c) shows the foam height of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 3; d) shows the foam height of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 4; e) shows the foam height of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 5; and f) shows the foam height of the fire extinguishing material prepared in Comparative Example 1. The foaming rate is obtained by dividing the foam height by the foaming time. Figure 4 The figures reflect the foaming height of the foams obtained in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1. It can be seen from the figures that the foam in Example 3 has the highest foaming height and the highest foaming efficiency when consuming the same amount of nitrogen.

[0059] Figure 5 Line graphs showing the half-life, foaming ratio, foaming rate, and viscosity data of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials prepared in Examples 1 to 5 of this invention and the fire extinguishing material prepared in Comparative Example 1.

[0060] The half-life test measures the time it takes for a fire extinguishing foam agent to foam at 10°C in air, resulting in a 50% reduction in foam volume. The foam half-life characterizes the stability of the foam agent.

[0061] The foaming ratio was measured using the method in GB15308-2025.

[0062] Foam viscosity was measured using the method described in GB15308-2025.

[0063] For the foaming rate performance test of the foaming agent, a fixed amount of 441 mL of foaming liquid (third mixture) was used. After foaming started, the height of the foam in the foaming container was observed after 8 minutes of foaming. The foaming rate was obtained from the height and time, with the unit being mL / min. The performance parameters of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the fire extinguishing material prepared in Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1 Foam Performance Parameters Example 3 (with a steel slag content of 0.6%) prepared a steel slag-based fire extinguishing material with the longest half-life, highest foaming rate, and moderate viscosity (viscosity close to the median of the six experimental groups). Half-life reflects foam stability; a higher value indicates slower foam exudation and collapse rates, resulting in stronger coverage, oxygen isolation, and sustained fire extinguishing capabilities. Foaming rate reflects the speed of foam generation; foam with a high foaming rate can cover the fire surface in a shorter time in field applications, leading to higher fire extinguishing efficiency. The foam from Example 3 had the longest half-life, highest foaming rate, and moderate viscosity, with a foaming ratio only about 0.1 times lower than Comparative Example 1. It exhibited strong foam stability, good oxygen isolation effect, fast foaming speed, and moderate fluidity and adhesion, resulting in the best foam performance. It was the optimal group among Examples 1 to 5, and its overall foam performance was significantly improved compared to Comparative Example 1.

[0065] The half-life of the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 1 (with a steel slag mass percentage of 0.06%) was close to that of the optimal group, only about 600 minutes less. This indicates that the foam liquid film under this formulation has a slow drainage rate, strong structural support, and excellent foam resistance to liquid seepage and collapse. Its ability to cover the fire zone for a long time and provide continuous oxygen isolation is far superior to that of Comparative Example 1. The foam in Example 1 has a moderate expansion ratio and moderate viscosity. Although the foaming rate is slightly lower than that of Comparative Example 1, its overall performance is balanced and suitable for mine fire prevention.

[0066] The steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 2 (with a steel slag mass percentage of 0.3%) has a half-life approximately twice that of Comparative Example 1, and a half-life 944 minutes shorter than the optimal group. However, it has the highest foaming viscosity, the strongest adhesion, poor flowability, and a moderate foaming ratio. This foam can effectively adhere to combustibles and is suitable for goaf areas that require long-term stable foaming and avoid excessive foam loss, making it suitable for mine fire prevention.

[0067] The steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials prepared in Examples 4 and 5 have a half-life that is more than 2000 minutes longer than that of Comparative Example 1, and their viscosity is moderate. The foam prepared under this formula can continuously isolate oxygen and effectively inhibit the spread and reignition of fire. In terms of comprehensive performance, compared with Comparative Example 1, the steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials prepared in Examples 4 and 5 have a faster foaming rate, moderate viscosity, and longer half-life, which can achieve rapid foaming and long-term stable foaming, making them suitable for fire prevention in mine sites.

[0068] The foams in Examples 1 through 5 possess advantages such as long half-life and balanced overall performance, enabling rapid foaming, long-lasting foam stability, and continuous oxygen isolation, effectively suppressing fire spread and reignition. Example 3 is the optimal group among the five examples. Compared to the fire extinguishing material prepared in Comparative Example 1, the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material prepared in Example 3 has a half-life approximately twice that of Comparative Example 1, and a foaming rate increased by 82.4 mL / min. It can more quickly and stably cover the surface of flammable materials, forming a stable foam covering layer in goaf areas, coal seam fissures, and high-temperature areas, making it an excellent fire extinguishing foam formulation.

[0069] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A steel slag-based fire extinguishing material, characterized in that, Steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials are made by mixing the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 0.2% to 10% foaming agent, 1.3% to 8% bentonite, 0.3% to 15% flour, 3% to 15% fly ash, 0.03% to 5% steel slag, with the balance being water, totaling 100%.

2. The steel slag-based fire extinguishing material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials are made from the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 0.3%–2% foaming agent, 1.5%–3% bentonite, 0.3%–1.8% flour, 3.5%–5% fly ash, 0.06%–2% steel slag, with the balance being water, totaling 100%.

3. The steel slag-based fire extinguishing material according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, Steel slag-based fire extinguishing materials are made from the following raw materials by weight percentage: 0.3% foaming agent, 1.8% bentonite, 0.3% flour, 4% fly ash, 0.06% to 1.8% steel slag, balance water, total 100%.

4. The steel slag-based fire extinguishing material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steel slag is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 28%–40.5% CaO, 8.5%–20% SiO2, 2.6%–7.2% Al2O3, and 15.1%–36.2% Fe2O3, totaling 100%. The mass percentage of CO2 fixed in the steel slag is 10% to 20.3% based on the mass of the steel slag.

5. The steel slag-based fire extinguishing material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foaming agent is sodium α-olefin sulfonate foaming agent; the steel slag is converter steel slag, electric furnace steel slag or open-hearth furnace steel slag.

6. The steel slag-based fire extinguishing material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flour has a particle size of 60-300 mesh; the bentonite has a particle size of 200-400 mesh; the fly ash has a particle size of 200-500 mesh; and the steel slag has a particle size of 200-500 mesh.

7. A method for preparing a steel slag-based fire extinguishing material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Foaming agent, water, fly ash, steel slag, bentonite and flour are mixed evenly to form steel slag-based fire extinguishing material.

8. A fire-extinguishing foam, characterized in that, Inert gas is introduced to impact the steel slag-based fire extinguishing material, generating fire-prevention and extinguishing foam, which is then filled into the goaf or high-risk area for fire prevention and extinguishing.

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