A three-stage composite online self-cleaning superfine dust gas-solid separation device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of tertiary composite online self-cleaning superfine dust gas-solid separation device and method, device includes: cyclone dust collector shell, inside is equipped with rotating cylinder and inner wall is equipped with annular collection groove, side wall is opened slurry outlet, side is fixed with air inlet pipe, top is fixed with air outlet pipe, bottom is opened with discharge port and is installed with discharge valve;Rotating cylinder includes the porous filter tube of bottom sealing and upper part is fixed with rounded platform separation chamber, separation chamber is opened with the exhaust port being connected with air outlet pipe, separation chamber is connected with cyclone dust collector shell by dynamic sealing, separation chamber side wall is opened with slurry discharge micropore;Motor, fixed in air outlet pipe and its output shaft is fixed with transmission shaft for driving rotating cylinder rotation;Separation chamber is equipped with annular spray pipe and gas distribution round plate, annular spray pipe is connected with liquid atomizer by pipeline.The application can effectively capture submicron superfine dust, and self-cleaning porous filter tube, process stability is high, applicability is strong and cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of industrial dust removal and micro / nano material preparation technology, specifically a three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] As my country's manufacturing industry undergoes a profound transformation towards high-end powder materials, precision manufacturing, special metallurgy, semiconductors, and new energy, the requirements for raw material fineness, product purity, and processing precision in industrial production are continuously increasing. Various ultra-micro processing technologies are being widely adopted, and 0.1~1μm submicron ultrafine powders are not only high-end materials but also a major pollutant and byproduct in industrial dust-laden gases. Widely present in industrial production scenarios such as metallurgy, new energy, semiconductors, chemicals, aerospace, and environmental protection, they are the core targets for powder recovery, gas purification, process recycling, and environmentally friendly emissions. Compared to conventional micron-sized dust, submicron ultrafine dust has a smaller particle size, stronger suspension, and is more difficult to collect. It not only affects product purity and production precision but also causes environmental pollution, making it a key and challenging aspect of industrial waste gas treatment. Therefore, the efficient collection and precise purification of submicron ultrafine dust has become a core research direction and hot topic in the field of industrial dust removal.

[0003] Gas-solid separation technology is a core technology for capturing ultrafine dust, purifying industrial dust-laden gases, and solving the problem of submicron dust pollution. To meet the ultra-low emission and high-precision purification needs of high-end manufacturing, industry researchers have gradually optimized and innovated a series of gas-solid separation technologies, mainly covering mechanical dust removal, filtration dust removal, wet dust removal, and electrostatic dust removal systems. These technologies provide important technical support for the industrial treatment of submicron-level ultrafine dust. Among numerous dust removal technologies, cyclone separation technology, with its simple structure, stable operation, no filter material consumables, large air volume handling capacity, and adaptability to complex and harsh working conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, and flammable and explosive environments, has become the oldest and most widely used front-end gas-solid separation equipment in the industrial field, widely integrated into various industrial dust-laden gas treatment systems. The core separation principle of cyclone separation technology is as follows: dust-laden gas enters the equipment at high speed along the tangential direction of the cylinder, forming a swirling flow field. The centrifugal force generated by the rotating airflow is used to achieve the separation of the gas and solid phases based on their density difference. The denser solid particles are thrown towards the cylinder wall and settle to the bottom ash hopper under the combined action of gravity and airflow drag, thus completing the separation of dust and gas. Thanks to its stable operating performance and extremely low maintenance cost, the cyclone separator has excellent separation effect on coarse dust particles larger than 1μm. In industry, it is often used as a pretreatment unit to intercept large dust particles in flue gas, effectively reducing the processing load of downstream fine dust removal equipment.

[0004] However, given the characteristics of submicron dust particles—small size, light weight, and extremely weak inertial effect—existing cyclone separators, relying on the centrifugal force generated by the cyclone flow, are unable to effectively capture and separate submicron dust. A large number of ultrafine particles escape with the central airflow, causing not only a serious loss of high-value powder resources but also easily leading to dust accumulation and blockage in downstream pipelines and dust removal equipment. This also results in excessive particulate matter concentration in the exhaust gas, failing to meet the environmental protection requirements for ultra-low emissions in industry. To compensate for its insufficient fine dust removal capabilities, the industry generally adopts a multi-stage dust removal process combining "cyclone separator + post-fine dust removal equipment" in series. Although the separation effect has been improved, this process still does not fundamentally solve the core pain points at the mechanism level, such as the difficulty in capturing submicron dust, easy clogging of filter media, disturbance during dust removal, and the inability of the system to operate continuously and stably for a long time. Moreover, it increases airflow resistance and purification costs.

[0005] To address the technical bottleneck of low separation accuracy of conventional cyclone separators for submicron ultrafine dust, scholars both domestically and internationally have conducted extensive research on cyclone separator structural optimization and flow field control. Methods such as reconstructing the cylinder structure, optimizing inlet and outlet forms, modifying the conical section structure, adding auxiliary flow guiding structures, and controlling the internal swirling flow field have been used to improve the particle separation environment and thus enhance the collection efficiency of fine dust. However, existing improvement schemes only iteratively optimize macroscopic structural parameters, failing to adequately consider the microscopic motion characteristics of submicron particles—ultrafine, lightweight, and with low inertia. The optimization mechanisms remain limited to enhancing the conventional centrifugal separation effect. Therefore, the improved cyclone separators can only slightly improve the separation effect for large-micron dust, with limited improvement in the collection of submicron ultrafine dust. Problems such as ultrafine particles escaping with the core airflow, poor classification efficiency, and low separation accuracy still exist.

[0006] In summary, existing cyclone separator-based dust removal technologies have the following problems: First, conventional cyclone separators rely on inertial separation, which is only effective for dust particles larger than 1 μm. For lightweight, low-inertia submicron ultrafine dust particles (0.1–1 μm), the collection efficiency is less than 70%, resulting in significant dust loss. Therefore, they can only be used as primary filters and cannot achieve efficient recovery of ultrafine powders or deep gas purification, failing to meet the requirements of high-end industrial production and ultra-low emissions. Second, multi-stage dust removal systems exhibit large fluctuations in system resistance and poor process stability. This is because ultrafine dust easily adsorbs and accumulates on the filter element surface, quickly causing filter pore blockage and a surge in system resistance. Frequent shutdowns for cleaning or pulse backflushing are necessary, severely impacting system operation and significantly affecting production stability and continuity. Furthermore, alloy or ceramic filter media are expensive, and with prolonged use, the micropores wear down significantly, affecting dust filtration efficiency and increasing separation costs. The losses from frequent shutdowns for replacement are even greater, significantly increasing separation costs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device and method, which can effectively capture submicron-level ultrafine dust and self-clean porous filter tubes, and has the advantages of high process stability, strong applicability and low cost.

[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device includes a cyclone dust collector shell and a motor. The cyclone dust collector shell has a rotating cylinder inside, and an annular collection trough is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the shell. A slurry outlet corresponding to the annular collection trough is opened on the side wall of the shell. A horizontally arranged air inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the side of the shell. An air outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the shell. A discharge port with a discharge valve is opened at the bottom of the shell. The motor is fixedly installed on the air outlet pipe, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to a drive shaft via a coupling. The rotating cylinder includes a bottom-sealed porous filter tube. The upper end of the porous filter tube is fixedly connected to an inverted frustum-shaped separation chamber that is coaxially arranged and interconnected with it. The center of the upper end cover of the separation chamber is provided with an exhaust port that is connected to the lower end of the exhaust pipe. The upper surface of the upper end cover of the separation chamber is connected to the inner top wall of the cyclone dust collector shell through a dynamic seal. The upper part of the side wall of the separation chamber is provided with uniformly distributed horizontal slurry discharge micropores along its circumference. The drive shaft passes through the top of the cyclone dust collector housing and extends into the porous filter tube. The drive shaft is rotatably connected to the top of the cyclone dust collector housing and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the porous filter tube. The separation chamber is provided with an annular spray pipe centered on a drive shaft and a gas distribution disc from top to bottom. The gas distribution disc is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the separation chamber by at least two connecting rods in the circumferential direction. The annular spray pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the cyclone dust collector shell by means of hoisting and is connected to a liquid atomizer through a pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the intake pipe is connected to a fixed intake valve.

[0010] Furthermore, the annular collecting trough is inclinedly disposed on the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector housing, and the slurry discharge micro-hole is located at the lowest point of the annular collecting trough.

[0011] Furthermore, the circle formed at the top of the inner edge of the annular collecting tank has the same diameter as the circle formed by the outer edge of all the slurry discharge micropores, and the outer edge of the slurry discharge micropores is located above the inner edge of the annular collecting tank.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom of the cyclone dust collector shell is integrally formed with an inverted frustum-shaped ash hopper, and the discharge port is opened at the bottom of the ash hopper.

[0013] Furthermore, the cross-section of the porous filter tube is circular or a regular polygon.

[0014] Furthermore, the porous filter tube is made of porous filter material or multiple layers of wire mesh.

[0015] Furthermore, the air outlet pipe is an L-shaped pipe.

[0016] Furthermore, the annular spray pipe and the air distribution plate have the same diameter, and the diameter of the air distribution plate is larger than the diameter of the outer circle of the porous filter pipe.

[0017] A three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation method includes the following steps: Step 1, Parameter Selection: Based on the properties, volume, dust concentration, dust particle size, and temperature of the dust-laden gas, select the material, shape, size, and solution type of the porous filter tube, and calculate the micropore size of the porous filter tube, the rotation speed of the rotating cylinder, and the spray pressure of the annular spray tube. Step 2, Equipment Installation: Close the air inlet valve, connect the air inlet pipe to the gas outlet on the production line, and check the airtightness; Step 3, Device Operation: Turn on the motor to drive the rotating drum to rotate until the rotating drum runs smoothly and the pressure is stable; Step 4, Primary Dust Removal: Open the inlet valve, and the dust-laden gas enters the cyclone dust collector shell tangentially along the inlet pipe. Under the enhanced action of the centrifugal force generated by the active rotation of the pressurized gas and the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the rotating drum, the dust separates from the airflow and moves spirally downward along the side wall of the cyclone dust collector shell. The large dust particles fall into the ash hopper, while the gas containing small dust particles moves upward from the center of the cyclone dust collector shell, completing the primary dust removal. Step 5, Secondary Dust Removal: Fine dust particles rise upwards along the axis of the porous filter tube in a micro-spiral motion with the airflow, reaching the vicinity of the porous filter tube. They then contact the porous filter tube at an angle not perpendicular to its surface. Under the combined action of inertia and pressure, the airflow carrying the fine dust particles moves into the porous filter tube. The fine dust particles collide tangentially with the surface of the porous filter tube, while larger fine dust particles are blocked on the surface of the porous filter tube. Under the action of centrifugal force, they are reintegrated into the dust-laden airflow inside the cyclone dust collector shell. The purified gas then enters the interior of the porous filter tube, completing the secondary dust removal process. Step 6, Tertiary Dust Removal: Submicron-sized ultrafine dust particles enter the porous filter tube with the airflow. When they move upward to the separation chamber, they are divided by the gas distribution disc to form an annular upward and outward airflow. This airflow mixes with the annular water mist sprayed horizontally outward by the annular spray pipe. The solid powder is captured by the liquid and condenses into a slurry. Under the action of inertia and gravity, the slurry settles on the inner wall of the inverted truncated cone separation chamber. Under the action of centrifugal force, it continues to move upward. The slurry that moves to the top of the inverted truncated cone separation chamber is thrown out from the slurry discharge micropore and falls into the annular collection tank. The purified gas is discharged upward from the outlet pipe, completing the tertiary dust removal process. Step 7, Material Collection: The dry dust generated by the primary and secondary dust removal processes falls into the ash hopper at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector shell. Open the discharge valve to collect the dust. The slurry thrown into the annular collection tank during the tertiary dust removal process is discharged through the slurry outlet and collected. The purified gas generated by the tertiary dust removal process is discharged through the exhaust port at the top of the separation chamber and through the exhaust pipe.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: 1) High gas-solid separation efficiency: Through a three-stage enhanced dust removal system consisting of coupled cyclone coarse separation, rotating porous filter tube fine filtration, and atomization condensation, it can effectively capture submicron-sized ultrafine dust of 0.1~1μm. The comprehensive gas-solid separation efficiency of dust-laden gas can reach over 99.95%, which is significantly better than traditional single cyclone dust collectors. It can achieve efficient recovery of high-value ultrafine powders and deep purification of industrial dust-laden gas. Specifically, this is reflected in: First, the rotating cylinder can increase the air inlet velocity and centrifugal force, thereby enhancing the primary dust removal effect; Second, the rotating cylinder can convert static radial airflow into tangential airflow, reducing the probability of dust passing through the micropores of the porous filter tube, which is beneficial for secondary dust removal; Third, the ultrafine dust that has entered the porous filter tube and atomized liquid coagulate into a slurry that enters the collection tank and is discharged through a dedicated slurry outlet. Through dry and wet powder separation, the dust recovery rate and purification effect are improved, achieving three-stage deep dust removal. 2) Online self-cleaning enables continuous and stable operation: By utilizing the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the porous filter tube, the submicron-sized ultrafine dust entering the porous filter tube is subjected to outward centrifugal force, increasing the probability of its reverse movement, reducing the amount of powder in the micropores and the resistance of airflow through the micropores. At the same time, combined with the liquid phase atomization and condensation effect, the adsorption and accumulation of ultrafine dust on the surface of the porous filter tube is reduced, reducing clogging and pore wear, giving the porous filter tube a self-cleaning function. There is no need to set up a pulse backflushing mechanism, nor is there a need for frequent shutdowns for manual cleaning. This keeps the operating pressure difference of the device stable over a long period of time, reduces the frequency of replacing the porous filter tube, reduces dust removal costs, and can meet the requirements of long-term continuous low-cost production in industrial sites. 3) Low operating disturbance and good adaptability: It abandons the pulse backflushing cleaning method, has no instantaneous airflow impact, and the internal pressure and gas composition of the device are not prone to fluctuation, making it suitable for various complex process gases, including high temperature, corrosive, flammable and explosive gases. 4) High versatility and wide range of applications: There are no special restrictions on the types of process gases and ultrafine dust. It can be adapted to different media and different working conditions and can be widely used in gas-solid separation operations of dust-laden airflow in various industrial fields. It has good universality. 5) Integrated design and low maintenance costs: Cyclone separation, precision filtration, atomized dust removal and online self-cleaning functions are integrated into a single unit. The overall structure is compact and occupies a small area. Moreover, the filter media is not easily clogged and does not require frequent replacement. The operation and maintenance are simple in the later stage, which can effectively reduce the cost of equipment use and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Inlet pipe; 2. Motor; 3. Drive shaft; 4. Outlet pipe; 5. Dynamic seal; 6. Slurry discharge micropore; 7. Annular collection tank; 8. Separation chamber; 9. Annular spray pipe; 10. Gas distribution plate; 11. Porous filter tube; 12. Cyclone dust collector shell; 13. Discharge valve. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are for explanation purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, a three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device includes a cyclone dust collector housing 12 and a motor 2. The cyclone dust collector housing 12 has a rotating cylinder inside, and an annular collection groove 7 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector housing 12. A horizontally arranged air inlet pipe 1 is fixedly connected to the side of the cyclone dust collector housing 12, and an air inlet valve is fixedly connected to the air inlet pipe 1. An L-shaped air outlet pipe 4 is fixedly connected to the top of the cyclone dust collector housing 12. The motor 2 is fixedly installed on the air outlet pipe 4, and the output shaft of the motor 2 is fixedly connected to a drive shaft 3 via a coupling. The rotating cylinder includes a porous filter tube 11 with its bottom sealed by a plate. The upper end of the porous filter tube 11 is fixedly connected to an inverted frustum-shaped separation chamber 8 that is coaxially arranged and interconnected with it. The center of the upper end cover of the separation chamber 8 is provided with an exhaust port that is connected to the lower end of the exhaust pipe 4. The upper surface of the upper end cover of the separation chamber is rotatably connected to the inner top wall of the cyclone dust collector shell 12 through a dynamic seal 5. The upper part of the side wall of the separation chamber 8 is provided with uniformly distributed slurry discharge micropores 6 along its circumference. The circle formed at the top of the inner edge of the annular collection tank 7 has the same diameter as the circle formed by the outer edge of all the slurry discharge microholes 6, and the outer edge of the slurry discharge microholes 6 is located above the inner edge of the annular collection tank 7. The top of the cyclone dust collector housing 12 has a through hole, and a bearing is fixedly installed inside the through hole. The drive shaft 3 passes through the through hole and is fixedly connected to the bearing. The lower end of the drive shaft 3 extends into the porous filter tube 11 and is fixedly connected to its bottom. The drive shaft 3 is driven to rotate by the motor 2, thereby driving the rotating cylinder to rotate. This increases the internal suction force of the incoming gas and the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the porous filter tube 11, and reduces the gas pressure drop. At the same time, the tangential entry of the airflow and the centrifugal effect of the rotation reduce the dust accumulation resistance inside the porous filter tube 11, thereby significantly reducing the rate of increase in filter material resistance and the frequency of backflushing, making the internal working conditions of the device more stable and extending its service life. Inside the separation chamber 8, from top to bottom, are arranged an annular spray pipe 9 centered on the drive shaft 3 and a gas distribution plate 10. Both the annular spray pipe 9 and the gas distribution plate 10 have through holes at their centers for the drive shaft 3 to pass through. The drive shaft 3 is rotatably connected to the gas distribution plate 10 via a sealing ring bearing fixedly installed inside the through hole. The gas distribution plate 10 is circumferentially connected to the inner wall of the separation chamber 8 via four connecting rods evenly distributed along its circumference. The gap between the gas distribution plate 10 and the inner wall of the separation chamber 8 divides the dust-laden airflow from the porous filter pipe 11 into an upward and outward annular airflow along the separation chamber 8. The annular spray pipe 9 is suspended from the top of the cyclone dust collector housing 12. Specifically, the annular spray pipe 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the cyclone dust collector housing 12 through a pipe that passes through the exhaust pipe 4, and a liquid atomizer is connected to the outside of the pipe. The liquid atomizer converts the internal solution into water mist and delivers it to the annular spray pipe 9 through the pipe. The annular spray pipe 9 sprays water mist into the separation chamber 8 to form an annular water mist band. The annular water mist band comes into contact with the annular airflow. The ultrafine powder in the airflow is captured and condensed by the water mist. Under the action of the rotating airflow, it settles on the inner wall of the separation chamber 8. Since the separation chamber 8 is in the shape of an inverted frustum, its top diameter is large, and the corresponding centrifugal force is also greater. The slurry generated by condensation is thrown out from the slurry discharge microhole 6 and falls into the annular collection tank 7. The cyclone dust collector housing 12 has a slurry outlet on its side wall. The slurry outlet is located at the lowest point of the annular collection tank 7. The slurry that falls into the annular collection tank 7 slides along the inclined annular collection tank 7 to the lowest point under the action of gravity and is discharged from the slurry outlet. The bottom of the cyclone dust collector housing 12 is integrally formed with an inverted frustum-shaped ash hopper, and the bottom of the ash hopper has a discharge port and a discharge valve 13 is fixedly connected thereto.

[0023] Preferably, the annular spray pipe 9 and the air distribution plate 10 have the same diameter, and the diameter of the air distribution plate 10 is larger than the diameter of the outer circle of the porous filter pipe 11.

[0024] Preferably, the dynamic seal 5 is a non-contact labyrinth dynamic seal, which includes a stationary ring fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the cyclone dust collector housing 12 and a dynamic ring fixedly connected to the top of the separation chamber 8. The opposing surfaces of the stationary ring and the dynamic ring are fixedly provided with a number of staggered and non-contactly mating protrusions with a height of 0.5~2 mm. By connecting the separation chamber 8 and the cyclone separator housing 12 through the dynamic seal 5, the dust-laden airflow inside the cyclone dust collector housing 12 can be prevented from entering the separation chamber 8 from the upper connection between the cyclone dust collector housing 12 and the separation chamber 8, thereby improving the purity of the gas discharged from the outlet pipe 4.

[0025] Preferably, the cross-section of the porous filter tube 11 is a regular polygon, and its rotational pressure-increasing and resistance-reducing filtration mechanism breaks the status quo of existing dust removal systems that only increase resistance without reducing it.

[0026] Preferably, the porous filter tube 11 is made of porous filter material or multiple layers of wire mesh, which is less expensive than alloy or ceramic filter material.

[0027] A three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation method includes the following steps: Step 1, Parameter Selection: Based on the properties, volume, dust concentration, dust particle size and temperature of the dust-laden gas, select the material, shape, size and solution type of the porous filter tube 11, and calculate the micropore size of the porous filter tube 11, the rotation speed of the rotating cylinder and the spray pressure of the annular spray tube 9. Step 2, Equipment Installation: Close the air inlet valve, connect the air inlet pipe 1 to the gas outlet on the production line, and check the airtightness to prevent air leakage due to heat. Step 3, Device Operation: Turn on motor 2 to drive the rotating drum to rotate until the rotating drum runs smoothly and the pressure is stable; Step 4, Primary Dust Removal: Open the inlet valve, and the dust-laden gas enters the cyclone dust collector housing 12 tangentially along the inlet pipe 1. Under the enhanced effect of the centrifugal force generated during the active rotation of the pressurized gas and the centrifugal force generated during the rotation of the rotating drum, the dust separates from the airflow and moves spirally downward along the side wall of the cyclone dust collector housing 12. The larger dust particles fall into the ash hopper, while the gas containing small dust particles moves upward from the center of the cyclone dust collector housing 12, thus completing the primary dust removal. Step 5, Secondary Dust Removal: Smaller fine dust particles rise upwards along the axis of the porous filter tube 11 in a micro-spiral motion with the airflow to the vicinity of the porous filter tube 11, and come into contact with the porous filter tube 11 at an angle not perpendicular to the surface of the porous filter tube 11. Due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the porous filter tube 11, under the combined action of inertia and pressure, the airflow carrying fine dust moves into the interior of the porous filter tube 11. The gas has low inertia and passes through the porous filter tube quickly. Larger fine dust particles have higher inertia. In addition, due to the tangential collision and centrifugal effect during the rotation of the porous filter tube 11, they are blocked outside the porous filter tube 11 and reintegrated into the rotating airflow, thus completing the secondary dust removal. Step 6, Tertiary Dust Removal: Submicron-sized ultrafine dust particles pass through the porous filter tube 11 with the airflow and move upward into the separation chamber 8. They are divided by the gas distribution disc 10 to form an upward and outward annular dust-laden airflow, which mixes with the annular water mist formed by the horizontal outward spray from the annular spray pipe 9. The solid powder is captured by the liquid and condenses into a slurry. Under the action of inertia and centrifugal force, the slurry settles on the inner wall of the inverted frustum separation chamber 8. Under the action of rotational centrifugal force, it continues to move upward. The slurry that moves to the top of the inverted frustum separation chamber 8 is thrown out from the slurry discharge microhole 6 and falls into the annular collection tank 7 under the action of gravity. The purified gas is discharged upward from the exhaust pipe 4, completing the tertiary dust removal. Step 7, Material Collection: The dry dust generated by the primary and secondary dust removal processes falls into the ash hopper. Open the discharge valve to collect it uniformly. The slurry thrown into the annular collection tank 7 during the tertiary dust removal process is discharged and collected through the slurry outlet opened on the side wall of the cyclone dust collector shell 12. The purified gas generated by the tertiary dust removal process is discharged through the exhaust port at the top of the separation chamber 8 and through the exhaust pipe 4.

[0028] This invention achieves efficient separation of submicron-level ultrafine dust through three-stage separation: active centrifugal separation with pressurized airflow, passive centrifugal separation with rotating porous filter cartridges, and wet spray separation. Furthermore, the rotating centrifugal process enables self-cleaning of the filter material, maintains stable air pressure during dust removal, and avoids poor separation performance due to pressure fluctuations. By collecting and removing dust separately using dry and wet methods, the industrial value of valuable powders is improved.

Claims

1. A three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device, characterized in that, The device includes a cyclone dust collector housing (12) and a motor (2), wherein: the cyclone dust collector housing (12) is provided with a rotating cylinder inside, and an annular collection groove (7) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector housing (12), a slurry outlet corresponding to the annular collection groove (7) is opened on the side wall of the cyclone dust collector housing (12), a horizontally arranged air inlet pipe (1) is fixedly connected to the side of the cyclone dust collector housing (12), an air outlet pipe (4) is fixedly connected to the top of the cyclone dust collector housing, and a discharge port and a discharge valve (13) are opened at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector housing (12); the motor (2) is fixedly installed on the air outlet pipe (4), and the output shaft of the motor (2) is fixedly connected to a transmission shaft (3) through a coupling; The rotating cylinder includes a bottom-sealed porous filter tube (11), and the upper end of the porous filter tube (11) is fixedly connected to an inverted frustum-shaped separation chamber (8) that is coaxially arranged and interconnected with it. The center of the upper end cover of the separation chamber (8) is provided with an exhaust port that is connected to the lower end of the exhaust pipe (4). The upper surface of the upper end cover of the separation chamber (8) is connected to the inner top wall of the cyclone dust collector shell (12) through a dynamic seal (5). The top of the side wall of the separation chamber (8) is provided with uniformly distributed horizontal slurry discharge micropores (6) along its circumference. The drive shaft (3) passes through the top of the cyclone dust collector housing (12) and extends into the interior of the porous filter tube (11). The drive shaft (3) is rotatably connected to the top of the cyclone dust collector housing (12) and fixedly connected to the bottom of the porous filter tube (11). The separation chamber (8) is provided with an annular spray pipe (9) and a gas distribution plate (10) centered on the drive shaft (3) from top to bottom. The gas distribution plate (10) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the separation chamber (8) by at least two connecting rods in the circumferential direction. The annular spray pipe (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the cyclone dust collector housing (12) by hoisting. The annular spray pipe (9) is connected to a liquid atomizer through a pipe.

2. The three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intake pipe (1) is fixedly connected to an intake valve.

3. The three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The annular collection trough (7) is inclinedly arranged on the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector housing (12), and the slurry discharge micro-hole (6) is located at the lowest point of the annular collection trough (7).

4. The three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The circle formed at the top of the inner edge of the annular collection tank (7) has the same diameter as the circle formed by the outer edge of all the slurry discharge microholes (6), and the outer edge of the slurry discharge microholes (6) is located above the inner edge of the annular collection tank (7).

5. The three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the cyclone dust collector housing (12) is provided with an inverted frustum-shaped ash hopper, and the discharge port is opened at the bottom of the ash hopper.

6. The three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The cross-section of the porous filter tube (11) is circular or regular polygonal.

7. The three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The porous filter tube (11) is made of porous filter material or multiple layers of wire mesh.

8. The three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The air outlet pipe (4) is an L-shaped pipe.

9. The three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The annular spray pipe (9) and the air distribution plate (10) have the same diameter, and the diameter of the air distribution plate (10) is larger than the diameter of the outer circle of the porous filter pipe (11).

10. A three-stage composite online self-cleaning ultrafine dust gas-solid separation method based on the device described in claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Parameter selection: Based on the properties, volume, dust concentration, dust particle size and temperature of the dust-laden gas, select the material, shape, size and solution type of the porous filter tube (11), and calculate the micropore size of the porous filter tube (11), the rotation speed of the rotating cylinder and the spray pressure of the annular spray tube (9); Step 2, Device Installation: Close the air inlet valve, connect the air inlet pipe (1) to the gas outlet on the production line, and check the airtightness; Step 3, Device Operation: Turn on the motor (2) to drive the rotating drum to rotate until the rotating drum runs smoothly and the pressure is stable; Step 4, Primary dust removal: Open the inlet valve, and the dust-laden gas enters the cyclone dust collector shell (12) tangentially along the inlet pipe (1). Under the enhanced action of the active rotation centrifugal force of the pressurized gas and the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the rotating cylinder, the dust separates from the airflow and moves spirally downward along the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector shell (12). The large dust particles fall into the ash hopper, and the gas containing small dust particles moves upward from the center of the cyclone dust collector shell (12), thus completing the primary dust removal. Step 5, Secondary dust removal: Fine dust particles rise along the axis of the porous filter tube (11) in a micro-spiral motion with the airflow to the vicinity of the porous filter tube (11), and come into contact with the porous filter tube (11) at an angle not perpendicular to the surface of the porous filter tube (11). Under the combined action of inertia and pressure, the airflow carrying fine dust particles moves into the interior of the porous filter tube (11). The fine dust particles collide tangentially with the surface of the porous filter tube (11), while large-particle fine dust particles are blocked on the surface of the porous filter tube (11). Under the action of centrifugal force, they are reintegrated into the dust-laden airflow inside the cyclone dust collector housing (12). The purified gas enters the interior of the porous filter tube (11), completing the secondary dust removal. Step 6, Three-stage dust removal: Submicron-sized ultrafine dust particles enter the porous filter tube (11) with the airflow. When they move upward to the separation chamber (8), they are divided by the gas distribution disc (10) to form an annular upward and outward airflow. They mix with the annular water mist sprayed horizontally outward by the annular spray pipe (9). The solid powder is captured by the liquid and condenses into a slurry. Under the action of inertia and gravity, the slurry settles on the inner wall of the inverted frustum separation chamber (8). Under the action of centrifugal force, it continues to move upward. The slurry that moves to the top of the inverted frustum separation chamber (8) is thrown out from the slurry discharge micro-hole (6) and falls into the annular collection tank (7). The purified gas is discharged upward from the exhaust pipe (4), completing the three-stage dust removal. Step 7, Material Collection: The dry dust generated by the primary and secondary dust removal falls into the ash hopper at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector shell (12). Open the discharge valve to collect it uniformly. The slurry thrown into the annular collection tank (7) during the tertiary dust removal process is discharged through the slurry outlet and collected. The purified gas generated by the tertiary dust removal passes through the exhaust port at the top of the separation chamber (8) and is discharged through the exhaust pipe (4).

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