A desulfurization absorption tower spray optimization method and spray device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of flue gas treatment, and specifically discloses a desulfurization absorption tower spraying optimization method and a spraying device, which comprises a tower body, a water spraying element is arranged on the lower part of the inner cavity of the tower body, a demister is arranged on the upper part of the inner cavity of the tower body, the demister is a structure for separating desulfurized flue gas and water mist inside the existing desulfurization tower, a plurality of flow guides are arranged between the water spraying element and the demister in the inner cavity of the tower body, a gap exists between the edge of the flow guide and the inner wall of the tower body, the flow guide drives the absorption slurry to contact the sulfur-containing flue gas passing through the gap, and the flow guide can also flush the flue gas particles on the inner wall of the tower body, the flow guide is a hollow disc cavity, and a tubular cavity is fixed on the flow guide in a dot matrix manner. Through the multi-stage three-dimensional spraying, flue gas flow guide and shunt, and modular flow guide design, the beneficial effects of eliminating desulfurization dead angles, improving flow field uniformity, enhancing fine particle capture ability, and flexibly adapting to different emission standards are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of flue gas treatment technology, and specifically discloses a method for optimizing spraying in a desulfurization absorption tower and a spraying device. Background Technology

[0002] In coal-fired power plants, steel smelting, and chemical production, the emission of industrial waste gas (such as sulfur-containing flue gas) is one of the main factors causing air pollution. To control emissions of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, wet desulfurization technology, especially the limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization process, is widely used due to its high desulfurization efficiency, mature technology, and reliable operation. The desulfurization absorption tower is the core equipment of this process, and its internal gas-liquid contact efficiency directly determines the purification effect and operating cost of the entire desulfurization system.

[0003] A typical existing spray-type empty tower desulfurization absorption tower usually consists of a tower body, several spray layers arranged in the upper part of the tower (each layer consists of spray pipes and multiple nozzles), a demister located above the spray layers, and a slurry pool at the bottom of the tower body. During operation, sulfur-containing flue gas enters from the bottom of the tower and flows upwards; the absorption slurry (such as limestone slurry) is pumped to the spray layers through a circulating pump, sprayed downwards through the nozzles, and comes into counter-current contact with the rising flue gas, undergoing a chemical reaction to absorb sulfur dioxide. The purified flue gas is then discharged after the demister removes entrained droplets.

[0004] However, in practical engineering applications, existing desulfurization absorption towers and their spraying methods still have the following technical problems and defects: 1. Uneven flue gas distribution and room for improvement in gas-liquid contact efficiency: Due to the air intake method and tower structure, sulfur-containing flue gas tends to form a high-speed airflow in the central area of ​​the tower when it rises, while a low-speed zone or vortex forms near the tower wall. This uneven flow field distribution causes some flue gas to "short-circuit" through the spray layer, resulting in short contact time and insufficient contact with the absorbent slurry, thus reducing desulfurization efficiency. At the same time, the spray layer nozzles typically only spray downwards, leaving blind spots in the coverage of the tower edges and central area, further exacerbating the problem of uneven gas-liquid distribution.

[0005] 2. Limited Desulfurization Effect Due to Single Spraying Method: Traditional spray layers have relatively fixed nozzle layouts and spray directions, with the absorbent slurry typically only undergoing a single downward spray. Although most sulfur dioxide can be removed after single or multiple spray layers, residual fine particulate matter or unreacted gases may still escape. The lack of methods for multiple, multi-angle, and multi-level "interception" and "washing" of flue gas makes it difficult to meet increasingly stringent ultra-low emission standards.

[0006] 3. Lack of efficient flue gas guiding and redistribution structures: In existing technologies, gas distribution plates or guide plates are sometimes installed inside the tower to improve flue gas distribution. However, these structures are often simple in form and function. They can only passively divert the flue gas and cannot simultaneously introduce the absorbent slurry for secondary or multiple spraying. After the flue gas passes through these structures, the internal pollutant concentration gradient is not effectively broken, resulting in low utilization efficiency of subsequent spraying.

[0007] 4. Insufficient ability to capture suspended matter in flue gas: During the spraying process, the absorbent slurry droplets collide with, encapsulate, and settle solid suspended matter (such as dust) in the flue gas. However, due to the wide droplet size distribution generated by traditional spraying, large droplets settle quickly but have low efficiency in capturing small particles. Small droplets are easily carried away by the flue gas and escape, resulting in poor removal effect on fine particulate matter.

[0008] To address the aforementioned issues, while existing technologies have proposed improvements such as adding spray layers, optimizing nozzle arrangement, and adding packing layers or trays within the tower, these solutions often increase tower height, system resistance, or construction costs, and do not fundamentally solve the problem of coordinated matching and multi-stage optimized contact between flue gas path and spray liquid. Therefore, developing an absorption tower spray optimization device and method that can effectively guide uniform flue gas flow and achieve precise multi-stage, multi-point, and multi-angle spraying of the absorption slurry, thereby significantly improving gas-liquid contact efficiency and desulfurization performance, has significant engineering implications and application value. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide an optimized spraying method and spraying device for desulfurization absorption towers to solve the problems mentioned above.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a desulfurization absorption tower spray device, including a tower body. The lower part of the inner cavity of the tower body is provided with water spray elements, and the upper part of the inner cavity of the tower body is provided with a demister. The demister is a structure used in existing desulfurization towers to separate desulfurization flue gas and water mist. The inner cavity of the tower body is provided with multiple flow guide elements between the water spray elements and the demister. There is a gap between the edge of the flow guide element and the inner wall of the tower body, so that the flow guide element drives the absorption slurry to contact the sulfur-containing flue gas passing through the gap, and can also wash the flue gas particles on the inner wall of the tower body. The flow guide is a hollow disc cavity. The flow guide has tube cavities fixed on it in a dot matrix pattern. The inner cavity of the tube cavity is connected to the inner cavity of the flow guide. A flow distribution surface is provided at the connection between the upper part of the tube cavity and the flow guide. The flow distribution surface is a conical surface that is high in the middle and low around the edges. It is used to guide the absorption slurry to the inner wall of the tower. A flow guiding surface is provided at the connection between the bottom of the tube cavity and the flow guide. The flow guiding surface is an upwardly raised funnel-shaped structure. A water outlet is provided on the part of the diversion surface near the pipe cavity, and a water distribution outlet is provided on the part of the guide surface near the pipe cavity. The water outlet and the water distribution outlet are distributed at equal intervals with the pipe cavity as the center.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the tower body further includes multiple vertically spliced ​​and fixed pipes. The bottom end of the bottommost pipe is fixed with a water collection cavity, which is used to collect the absorption slurry from the sulfur-containing flue gas separation. The topmost pipe is fixed with an exhaust bucket. The inner cavity of the exhaust bucket is connected to the inner cavity composed of multiple pipes. Both the pipes and the water collection cavity are provided with inspection ports. During the flue gas desulfurization process, the inspection ports are closed.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the axes of the water spray component, demister, guide component, exhaust hopper and water collection chamber are aligned with the axis of the pipe body. Multiple guide components are evenly distributed between the water spray component and the demister. An external water recovery structure is connected to the water collection chamber for discharging the absorbed slurry. An external gas treatment structure is connected to the upper end of the exhaust hopper for discharging the desulfurized flue gas.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the water spraying direction of the outlet and the water distribution port is inclined, thereby achieving that the absorbent slurry sprayed from the outlet and the water distribution port covers the inner cavity of the pipe body.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the water spraying component further includes a spherical cavity, and water spraying holes are distributed in the upper and lower parts of the spherical cavity for spraying absorbent slurry into the inside of the pipe body. A water supply pipe is fixed on the outer wall of the tower body for conveying absorbent slurry into the spherical cavity and the guide component.

[0015] In the above technical solution, further, multiple drainage pipes are arranged sequentially around the spherical cavity inside the tower body, and a straight pipe is fixed between two adjacent drainage pipes. The inner cavity of the straight pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the drainage pipe. Vortex nozzles are fixed at the upper and lower parts of the drainage pipe and the straight pipe. The vortex nozzles are used to spray absorbent slurry into the inside of the pipe cavity.

[0016] In the above technical solution, a straight pipe is fixed between the innermost drain pipe and the spherical cavity, and the inner cavity of the straight pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the spherical cavity. Multiple blades are fixed between the outermost drain pipe and the tower body, and the flow guiding direction of the blades is towards the spherical cavity.

[0017] A method for optimizing spraying in a desulfurization absorption tower includes the following steps: Step 1, Installation: Connect the external ends of the water spray and guide components to the external pump, and then connect the lower part of the tower body to the gas pipeline, so that the gas pipeline can carry the sulfur-containing flue gas to diffuse into the inner cavity of the tower body. Step 2, spraying and desulfurization: After the gas pipeline carries the sulfur-containing flue gas into the inner cavity of the tower, the water spraying component can spray the sulfur-containing flue gas with the absorption slurry in advance, thereby realizing the desulfurization treatment of the sulfur-containing flue gas by the absorption slurry. Step 3, multi-stage optimized spraying: After the water spraying component drives the absorption slurry to spray the sulfur-containing flue gas, the sulfur-containing flue gas after preliminary desulfurization can continue to diffuse inside the tower. Subsequently, the water distribution port drives the absorption slurry inside the guide component to continue spraying the sulfur-containing flue gas. Since there are multiple guide components distributed inside the tower, when the water distribution port on each guide component is working, the desulfurization effect of a single water distribution port on the sulfur-containing flue gas can be optimized. Step four, diversion and optimized spraying: After the water distribution port drives the absorption slurry to spray the sulfur-containing flue gas, the desulfurized sulfur-containing flue gas can diffuse upward through the pipe cavity, thereby realizing the diversion of sulfur-containing flue gas in the pipe cavity. After the sulfur-containing flue gas is diverted in the pipe cavity, the water outlet can drive the absorption slurry inside the guide component to spray the sulfur-containing flue gas. When the sulfur-containing flue gas passes through the pipe cavity on each guide component, the sulfur-containing flue gas can be diverted and treated multiple times, optimizing the desulfurization effect of the water distribution port on the sulfur-containing flue gas, so that the sulfur-containing flue gas meets the emission standards.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention achieves multi-angle, three-dimensional spraying of the absorbent slurry from bottom to top, top to bottom, and from the center to the edge by setting up water spraying components and multiple flow guides. In particular, the water distribution ports and outlets on the flow guides can perform secondary and tertiary supplementary spraying in the flue gas rising path, effectively optimizing the dead angles of traditional single-direction spraying and significantly improving the uniformity of gas-liquid contact and desulfurization efficiency.

[0019] 2. This invention utilizes the guide surface structure on the blades and guide components to guide the sulfur-containing flue gas from the edge of the tower's internal cavity towards the central area, breaking the "short circuit" and flow deviation phenomena of the flue gas, and allowing the flue gas to enter the subsequent spraying area evenly. Simultaneously, the multiple cavities are distributed in a dot matrix pattern, which can divert the rising flue gas multiple times, avoiding excessively fast local airflow and prolonging the contact time between the flue gas and the absorption slurry.

[0020] 3. In this invention, the vortex nozzle at the bottom of the spray component pre-sprays the sulfur-containing flue gas with absorbent slurry, which can disperse the agglomerated sulfur-containing flue gas and fully entrain the gas suspended matter in the flue gas into the absorbent slurry. Combined with the guiding effect of the smooth inner wall of the pipe cavity and the diversion and guiding surfaces, it can effectively promote the collision, encapsulation and sedimentation of droplets and fine particles, and finally make the absorbent slurry carry the gas suspended matter into the water collection chamber, thereby achieving efficient removal of fine particulate matter such as dust.

[0021] 4. The tower body in this invention is composed of multiple vertically spliced ​​and fixed pipes. The number of flow guiding components can be flexibly set according to actual working conditions. When the flue gas passes through the cavity on each flow guiding component, it can undergo a multi-stage optimization process of diversion, secondary spraying, and flow guidance, thereby progressively improving the purification depth. This design facilitates the flexible configuration of the number of treatment stages according to different inlet flue gas concentrations or emission requirements, ensuring that the flue gas stably meets ultra-low emission standards. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional structural diagram; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water spray component in this invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the connection structure between the cavity and the flow guide in this invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Axial side schematic diagram; Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the connection structure between the spherical cavity and the water supply pipe in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the water inlet and outlet in this invention.

[0023] 1. Pipe body; 11. Inspection port; 12. Exhaust hopper; 13. Water supply pipe; 14. Water collection chamber; 2. Demister; 3. Guide component; 31. Flow distribution surface; 32. Water distribution port; 33. Pipe cavity; 34. Guide surface; 35. Water outlet; 4. Spherical cavity; 41. Spray hole; 5. Drain pipe; 51. Straight pipe; 52. Blade; 53. Vortex nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0026] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-7 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: The present invention is a spray device for a desulfurization absorption tower, comprising a tower body, a water spray component arranged in the lower part of the inner cavity of the tower body, a demister 2 arranged in the upper part of the inner cavity of the tower body, and a plurality of flow guides 3 distributed in the inner cavity of the tower body between the water spray component and the demister 2. The flow guide 3 is a hollow disc cavity. The flow guide 3 has a lattice of fixed cavities 33. The inner cavity of the cavities 33 is connected to the inner cavity of the flow guide 3. A flow distribution surface 31 is provided at the connection between the upper part of the cavities 33 and the flow guide 3. A flow guide surface 34 is provided at the connection between the bottom of the cavities 33 and the flow guide 3. A water outlet 35 is provided on the diversion surface 31 near the cavity 33, and a water divider 32 is provided on the guide surface 34 near the cavity 33. The water outlet 35 and the water divider 32 are distributed at equal intervals with the cavity 33 as the center.

[0027] The tower body includes multiple vertically spliced ​​and fixed pipes 1. The bottom end of the bottommost pipe 1 is fixed with a water collection chamber 14, and the top end of the topmost pipe 1 is fixed with an exhaust hopper 12. The inner cavity of the exhaust hopper 12 is connected to the inner cavity composed of multiple pipes 1. Both the pipe 1 and the water collection chamber 14 are provided with inspection ports 11.

[0028] The axes of the water spray component, demister 2, guide component 3, exhaust hopper 12 and water collection chamber 14 coincide with the axis of the pipe body 1. Multiple guide components 3 are evenly distributed between the water spray component and the demister 2. An external water recovery structure is connected to the water collection chamber 14. An external gas treatment structure is connected to the upper end of the exhaust hopper 12.

[0029] The water spraying direction of both the outlet 35 and the branch outlet 32 ​​is inclined, the inner wall of the pipe cavity 33 is smooth, and the top surface of the pipe cavity 33 is higher than the branch surface 31.

[0030] The water spray component includes a spherical cavity 4, the center of which coincides with the axis of the tube body 1. Water spray holes 41 are distributed in the upper and lower parts of the spherical cavity 4. A water supply pipe 13 is fixed on the outer wall of the tower body. The water outlet end of the water supply pipe 13 is connected to the inner cavity of the spherical cavity 4 and the guide component 3.

[0031] Inside the tower body, multiple drainage pipes 5 are arranged sequentially around the spherical cavity 4. The multiple drainage pipes 5 are distributed around the spherical cavity 4. A straight pipe 51 is fixed between two adjacent drainage pipes 5. The inner cavity of the straight pipe 51 is connected to the inner cavity of the drainage pipe 5. Vortex nozzles 53 are fixed at the upper and lower parts of both the drainage pipe 5 and the straight pipe 51. The inner cavity of the vortex nozzle 53 is connected to the inner cavity of the straight pipe 51.

[0032] A straight pipe 51 is fixed between the innermost drain pipe 5 and the spherical cavity 4. The inner cavity of the straight pipe 51 is connected to the inner cavity of the spherical cavity 4. A blade 52 is fixed between the outermost drain pipe 5 and the tower body. The blades 52 are evenly distributed around the spherical cavity 4, and the flow direction of the blades 52 is towards the spherical cavity 4. In actual use, the pipe 1 at the bottom of the tower is connected to the gas transmission pipeline in advance. The gas transmission pipeline is located below the water spray component. The external end of the water supply pipe 13 is connected to the external pump. The end of the exhaust hopper 12 is connected to the external gas treatment structure. The gas transmission pipeline can transport the sulfur-containing flue gas into the interior of the tower. Then the sulfur-containing flue gas can diffuse upward inside the tower. When the sulfur-containing flue gas diffuses upward inside the tower, the water supply pipe 13 can drive the absorption slurry to be transported to the inside of the drain pipe 5. At the same time, the straight pipe 51 diffuses the absorption slurry to each drain pipe 5 and the spherical cavity 4, so that each vortex nozzle 53 in the spraying component can spray the absorption slurry. After the sulfur-containing flue gas is distributed and transported into the interior of the tower, the downward-distributed vortex nozzles 53 of the water spraying component can pre-spray the sulfur-containing flue gas with absorbent slurry. At this time, the absorbent slurry can disperse the agglomerated sulfur-containing flue gas, so that the sulfur-containing flue gas is entrained into the interior of the absorbent slurry. At the same time, the gas suspended matter in the sulfur-containing flue gas can also be impacted by the absorbent slurry, and finally the absorbent slurry drives the gas suspended matter to fall into the interior of the water collection chamber 14. After the sulfur-containing flue gas undergoes initial desulfurization by the absorbent slurry, the dispersed sulfur-containing flue gas can penetrate the mesh structure composed of the straight pipe 51 and the drain pipe 5. At the same time, the blades 52 can also guide the sulfur-containing flue gas, enabling the sulfur-containing flue gas at the edge of the inner cavity of the pipe body 1 to diffuse towards the center, which facilitates the subsequent spraying of the absorbent slurry on the sulfur-containing flue gas. Subsequently, the vortex nozzles 53 distributed upwards in the water spraying component can spray the absorbent slurry on the sulfur-containing flue gas again, realizing the secondary desulfurization treatment of the sulfur-containing flue gas. When sulfur-containing flue gas is desulfurized, the water spray hole 41 on the spherical cavity 4 can also spray the sulfur-containing flue gas with absorbent slurry, thereby avoiding the spray dead angle of the vortex nozzle 53 and optimizing the spray area of ​​the water spray component on the absorbent slurry. When the vortex nozzle 53 on the upper part of the spraying component drives the absorption slurry to spray the sulfur-containing flue gas, the water outlet 32 ​​can drive the absorption slurry inside the guide component 3 to spray the sulfur-containing flue gas. When the sulfur-containing flue gas diffuses upward through the pipe cavity 33, the water outlet 35 can drive the absorption slurry inside the guide component 3 to spray the sulfur-containing flue gas again, thereby optimizing the spray dead angle of the vortex nozzle 53 and realizing multiple desulfurization and purification of sulfur-containing flue gas. When the water outlet 32 ​​drives the absorption slurry to spray the sulfur-containing flue gas, the sulfur-containing flue gas impacted by the spray can come into contact with the guide surface 34. At this time, the guide surface 34 can guide the purified sulfur-containing flue gas, thereby enabling the sulfur-containing flue gas to enter the interior of the pipe cavity 33 and realize the pipe cavity 33 to divert the purified sulfur-containing flue gas. Staff can adjust the number of internal guide components 3 according to the actual situation. When sulfur-containing flue gas passes through the cavity 33 on each guide component 3, the sulfur-containing flue gas can be diverted and treated multiple times, optimizing the desulfurization effect of the water outlet 32 ​​and the water outlet 35 on the sulfur-containing flue gas, so that the sulfur-containing flue gas meets the emission standards.

[0033] Example 2: Please refer to Figures 1-7 As shown, a method for optimizing spraying in a desulfurization absorption tower includes the following steps: Step 1, installation: Connect the external ends of the water spray component and the flow guide component 3 to the external pump, and then connect the lower part of the tower body to the gas transmission pipeline, so that the gas transmission pipeline can carry the sulfur-containing flue gas to diffuse into the inner cavity of the tower body. Step 2, spraying and desulfurization: After the gas pipeline carries the sulfur-containing flue gas into the inner cavity of the tower, the water spraying component can spray the absorbent slurry onto the sulfur-containing flue gas in advance, thereby achieving the desulfurization treatment of the sulfur-containing flue gas by the absorbent slurry. Step 3: Multi-stage optimized spraying. After the water spraying component drives the absorption slurry to spray the sulfur-containing flue gas, the sulfur-containing flue gas after preliminary desulfurization can continue to diffuse inside the tower. Subsequently, the water distribution port 32 drives the absorption slurry inside the guide component 3 to continue spraying the sulfur-containing flue gas. Since there are multiple guide components 3 distributed inside the tower, when the water distribution port 32 on each guide component 3 is working, the desulfurization effect of a single water distribution port 32 on the sulfur-containing flue gas can be optimized. Step four, diversion and optimized spraying: When the water outlet 32 ​​drives the absorption slurry to spray the sulfur-containing flue gas, the desulfurized sulfur-containing flue gas can diffuse upward through the pipe cavity 33, thereby realizing the diversion of sulfur-containing flue gas in the pipe cavity 33. After the sulfur-containing flue gas is diverted in the pipe cavity 33, the water outlet 35 can drive the absorption slurry inside the guide component 3 to spray the sulfur-containing flue gas. When the sulfur-containing flue gas passes through the pipe cavity 33 on each guide component 3, the sulfur-containing flue gas can be diverted and treated multiple times, optimizing the desulfurization effect of the water outlet 32 ​​on the sulfur-containing flue gas, so that the sulfur-containing flue gas meets the emission standards.

[0034] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A desulfurization absorption tower spray device, comprising a tower body, characterized in that, The lower part of the inner cavity of the tower body is equipped with water spraying components, the upper part of the inner cavity of the tower body is equipped with demisters (2), and multiple guide components (3) are distributed between the water spraying components and the demisters (2) in the inner cavity of the tower body. The flow guide (3) is a hollow disc cavity. The flow guide (3) has a dot matrix of fixed cavities (33). The inner cavity of the cavities (33) is connected to the inner cavity of the flow guide (3). A flow splitting surface (31) is provided at the connection between the upper part of the cavities (33) and the flow guide (3). A flow guiding surface (34) is provided at the connection between the bottom of the cavities (33) and the flow guide (3). The branch surface (31) has an outlet (35) near the cavity (33), and the guide surface (34) has a branch outlet (32) near the cavity (33). The outlet (35) and the branch outlet (32) are distributed at equal intervals with the cavity (33) as the center.

2. The desulfurization absorption tower spray device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tower body includes multiple vertically spliced ​​and fixed pipes (1). The bottom end of the bottommost pipe (1) is fixed with a water collection cavity (14), and the top end of the topmost pipe (1) is fixed with an exhaust hopper (12). The inner cavity of the exhaust hopper (12) is connected to the inner cavity composed of multiple pipes (1). Both the pipes (1) and the water collection cavity (14) are provided with inspection ports (11).

3. The desulfurization absorption tower spray device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axes of the water spray component, demister (2), guide component (3), exhaust hopper (12) and water collection chamber (14) coincide with the axis of the pipe body (1). Multiple guide components (3) are evenly distributed between the water spray component and the demister (2). An external water recovery structure is connected to the water collection chamber (14). An external gas treatment structure is connected to the upper end of the exhaust hopper (12).

4. The desulfurization absorption tower spray device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water spraying direction of the outlet (35) and the water distribution outlet (32) is inclined, the inner wall of the cavity (33) is smooth, and the top surface of the cavity (33) is higher than the distribution surface (31).

5. The desulfurization absorption tower spray device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water spray component includes a spherical cavity (4), the center of the spherical cavity (4) and the axis of the tube body (1) are coincident, and water spray holes (41) are distributed in the upper and lower parts of the spherical cavity (4). A water supply pipe (13) is fixed on the outer wall of the tower body, and the water outlet end of the water supply pipe (13) is connected to the inner cavity of the spherical cavity (4) and the guide component (3).

6. The desulfurization absorption tower spray device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The tower body has multiple drainage pipes (5) arranged sequentially around the spherical cavity (4) inside. The multiple drainage pipes (5) are distributed around the spherical cavity (4). A straight pipe (51) is fixed between two adjacent drainage pipes (5). The inner cavity of the straight pipe (51) is connected to the inner cavity of the drainage pipe (5). Vortex nozzles (53) are fixed at the upper and lower parts of the drainage pipe (5) and the straight pipe (51). The inner cavity of the vortex nozzle (53) is connected to the inner cavity of the straight pipe (51).

7. A desulfurization absorption tower spray device according to claim 6, characterized in that, A straight pipe (51) is fixed between the innermost drain pipe (5) and the spherical cavity (4). The inner cavity of the straight pipe (51) is connected to the inner cavity of the spherical cavity (4). A blade (52) is fixed between the outermost drain pipe (5) and the tower body. The blades (52) are evenly distributed around the spherical cavity (4) and the flow direction of the blades (52) is towards the spherical cavity (4).

8. A method for optimizing spraying in a desulfurization absorption tower, applicable to the spraying device described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, installation: connect the external ends of the water spraying component and the guide component (3) to the external pump, and then connect the lower part of the tower body to the gas transmission pipeline, so that the gas transmission pipeline can carry sulfur-containing flue gas to diffuse into the inner cavity of the tower body; Step 2, spraying and desulfurization: After the gas pipeline carries the sulfur-containing flue gas into the inner cavity of the tower, the water spraying component can spray the sulfur-containing flue gas with the absorption slurry in advance, thereby realizing the desulfurization treatment of the sulfur-containing flue gas by the absorption slurry. Step 3, multi-stage optimized spraying: after the water spraying component drives the absorption slurry to spray the sulfur-containing flue gas, the sulfur-containing flue gas after preliminary desulfurization can continue to diffuse inside the tower body. Subsequently, the water distribution port (32) drives the absorption slurry inside the guide component (3) to continue spraying the sulfur-containing flue gas. Since there are multiple guide components (3) distributed inside the tower body, when the water distribution port (32) on each guide component (3) is working, the desulfurization effect of a single water distribution port (32) on the sulfur-containing flue gas can be optimized. Step 4, diversion and optimized spraying: When the water outlet (32) sprays the absorbent slurry onto the sulfur-containing flue gas, the desulfurized sulfur-containing flue gas can penetrate the cavity (33) and diffuse upwards, thereby achieving diversion of the sulfur-containing flue gas by the cavity (33). After the cavity (33) diverts the sulfur-containing flue gas, the water outlet (35) can drive the absorbent slurry inside the guide (3) to spray the sulfur-containing flue gas. When the sulfur-containing flue gas penetrates the cavity (33) on each guide (3), the sulfur-containing flue gas can be diverted multiple times, optimizing the desulfurization effect of the water outlet (32) on the sulfur-containing flue gas, so that the sulfur-containing flue gas meets the emission standards.

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