A micro-well array assisted droplet arrangement method based on an optical control droplet microfluidic chip

Abstract

The application provides a micro-well array assisted droplet arrangement method based on a light-controlled droplet micro-fluidic chip, a chip and a system, and belongs to the technical field of micro-fluidics.The core of the method is that: on the light-controlled droplet chip integrated with a micro-well array, the micro-well structure is used for physically capturing and pre-arranging droplets, then through photoelectric wetting effect, with the synergistic effect of programmable light patterns and electric fields, high-precision and dynamic control of the droplets is realized, including directional movement, accurate splitting, selective fusion and array recombination.The application solves the technical bottlenecks in the prior art, such as unstable droplet arrangement, poor operation flexibility, and chips mostly being disposable.By combining physical anchoring of the micro-well array and active driving of photoelectric wetting, a high-throughput, repeatable and highly flexible droplet control platform is realized, and the application efficiency in the fields of biomedical detection, high-throughput drug screening, single-cell analysis and parallel chemical reaction is significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microfluidics technology. Specifically, it relates to a method and system for droplet manipulation using photoelectric effects, and more particularly to a method and system for droplet arrangement assisted by a microwell array based on a photoelectric droplet microfluidic chip. Background Technology

[0002] Microfluidics, also known as lab-on-a-chip technology, enables precise manipulation of minute amounts of fluids by constructing a network of microchannels on a chip at the micrometer scale. Droplet-based digital microfluidics is an important branch of this technology, processing fluids in the form of discrete droplets. It offers advantages such as low sample consumption, fast reaction speeds, minimal cross-contamination, and high throughput, demonstrating enormous application potential in biomedical research, chemical reaction monitoring, and high-throughput drug screening.

[0003] In digital microfluidic systems, achieving high-precision, high-density, and high-stability arraying of a large number of droplets on a chip is fundamental and crucial for parallel biochemical reactions and analyses. Existing droplet arrangement technologies mainly suffer from the following problems: some passive arrangement methods based on physical structures (such as microchannels or hydrophobic-hydrophilic patterns), while offering good stability, lack flexibility and are difficult to dynamically reconfigure. Other active driving techniques, such as dielectrophoresis (DEP) or electrowetting (EWOD), while flexible, require complex electrode wiring for large-scale droplet array arrangements, resulting in high manufacturing costs and susceptibility to crosstalk.

[0004] In recent years, optoelectronic wetting (OEW) technology has attracted attention as a novel droplet actuation method. It utilizes illumination patterns to form reconfigurable virtual electrodes, eliminating the need for complex physical electrodes and offering high flexibility and parallel processing capabilities. However, maintaining the long-term stability of large-scale droplet arrays solely through OEW remains challenging. Droplets are easily disturbed and deviate from their predetermined positions during dynamic equilibrium; electrostatic interactions between droplets can lead to crosstalk; and maintaining droplet positions requires continuous application of electric fields and illumination, resulting in high energy consumption. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method that combines the flexibility of OEW with high stability and high-density droplet arrangement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and provide a micro-well array-assisted droplet arrangement method and system based on optically controlled droplet microfluidic chip. It aims to solve the problems of significant inter-droplet interference, poor positioning stability and high energy consumption in the existing optically controlled droplet manipulation technology when achieving high-density, high-throughput and high-stability array arrangement.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A microwell array-assisted droplet arrangement method based on a light-controlled droplet microfluidic chip is disclosed. The chip includes an upper top plate and a lower bottom plate. The lower bottom plate is made of ITO glass and serves as the core functional layer of the chip. Its surface is sequentially covered with a photoconductive layer, a dielectric layer, and a hydrophobic layer, each layer performing a specific function. Under illumination with light of a specific wavelength, the conductivity of the photoconductive layer changes, thereby altering the local electric field strength and regulating the droplet's wetting state to achieve a light-controlled electrowetting effect. The dielectric layer uses a high dielectric constant material (such as Si3N4), which provides an electric field barrier to prevent direct contact between the liquid and the ITO conductive layer, while also enhancing the controllability of the electrowetting effect. The hydrophobic layer typically uses Teflon or a fluoropolymer to maintain a high contact angle for the droplet, reducing droplet adhesion to the surface and ensuring that the droplet can be flexibly manipulated under the influence of the electric field.

[0007] The top plate is made of ITO glass, which has excellent conductivity and light transmittance, allowing light signals to pass through effectively while providing a uniform electric field distribution on its surface. The top plate is also covered with a hydrophobic layer to reduce the adhesion between droplets and the surface, ensuring that the droplets can be flexibly manipulated under the influence of the electric field.

[0008] A microwell array is set on the dielectric layer of the bottom plate, and the microwell array is also covered with a hydrophobic layer.

[0009] The method includes the following steps:

[0010] a) An electric field is applied between at least one droplet on the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate. The electric field is an alternating electric field with a frequency of 1 kHz to 100 kHz and a voltage amplitude of 10 Vrms to 100 Vrms.

[0011] (b) A dynamic illumination pattern with a predetermined path is projected onto a predetermined area of ​​the photoconductive layer using an illumination control device. This illumination pattern significantly reduces the impedance of the photoconductive layer within the illuminated area, thereby generating an enhanced electric field on the insulating layer in that area. This field applies a photoelectric wetting effect-induced dielectric force to the droplet, forming a virtual electrode that drives the droplet's movement. Based on the combined regulation of the droplet surface wettability by the electric and light fields, when light irradiates the surface with the photoconductive layer, the conductivity of the photoconductive layer changes, leading to a change in the electric field strength in a localized area. Through the action of the electric field, the wettability of the droplet surface can be dynamically controlled, and the droplet's contact angle changes accordingly. When the illumination intensity or electric field intensity changes, the droplet's behavior on the surface (such as movement, splitting, merging, etc.) can also be adjusted accordingly. In this process, the dielectric layer mainly serves to provide an electric field barrier, enhance the controllability of the photoelectric wetting effect, and ensure the stability of the electric field.

[0012] c) Control the path of the dynamic illumination pattern to precisely guide the droplet from its initial position to the location of a target microwell in the microwell array, and use the physical concave structure of the target microwell to capture and position the droplet.

[0013] Microwell arrays precisely constrain droplet position through the combined action of physical structures and electric fields. Each microwell array consists of a series of precisely designed tiny grooves or openings that form fixed structural regions for droplet capture. Droplets enter the microwells under the influence of gravity and are confined within them by the physical structure, preventing random movement or deviation. The capture capability and stability of the droplets can be further optimized by adjusting the size, spacing, and surface coating properties of the microwells. Furthermore, the microwell array incorporates the effect of an electric field. By applying an external optical and electric field to the chip, the electric field strength within the microwells is higher than outside due to the thinner dielectric layer, further enhancing droplet stability within the microwell array.

[0014] The modulation of the optical field can effectively control the movement behavior of droplets within the chip, including directional flow, splitting, and merging of droplets, thereby achieving high-precision manipulation of the droplets. In summary, the microwell array provides basic constraints through its physical structure and enhances the stability and manipulation precision of the droplets through the action of the electric field, ensuring the accurate positioning and flexible operation of droplets in the microfluidic system.

[0015] Furthermore, the microwell array is realized on the dielectric layer of the underlying substrate through an etching process. First, a photoconductive layer and a dielectric layer are deposited on ITO glass. Then, the pattern of the microwell array is transferred onto photoresist using photolithography. Next, the microwell structure is precisely etched onto the dielectric layer using dry etching. Finally, the photoresist residue is removed, and a hydrophobic layer is coated on the underlying substrate to ensure that the droplets can be stably aligned and precisely manipulated under the photoelectric wetting effect. The diameter of the microwells ranges from 50 micrometers to 200 micrometers, and the depth ranges from 20 micrometers to 100 micrometers.

[0016] Furthermore, the periphery between the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate of the light-controlled droplet microfluidic chip is sealed by UV-curing adhesive. The UV-curing adhesive is uniformly doped with monodisperse polystyrene microspheres. The diameter of the microspheres determines and maintains a uniform gap of 20 micrometers to 150 micrometers between the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate, forming a sealed droplet operation chamber.

[0017] Furthermore, the illumination control device is a digital micromirror device or a liquid crystal display projection device, used to generate and dynamically update the illumination pattern.

[0018] Furthermore, when the droplet is guided to a position above or near the target microwell, the illumination pattern is removed or changed, so that the droplet falls into and stabilizes in the target microwell under the action of gravity or surface tension.

[0019] Furthermore, the method also includes the step of simultaneously manipulating multiple droplets, by simultaneously projecting multiple independent dynamic lighting patterns onto the light guide layer through the lighting control device, thereby guiding the multiple droplets to different target microwells.

[0020] The present invention also provides a corresponding system: a microwell array-assisted droplet alignment system based on a light-controlled droplet microfluidic chip, comprising: A microfluidic chip, comprising an upper top plate and a lower bottom plate, wherein the lower bottom plate consists of a glass substrate, an ITO layer, a photoconductive layer, a dielectric layer and a hydrophobic layer from bottom to top, and the upper top plate consists of a glass substrate, an ITO layer and a hydrophobic layer from top to bottom. A microwell array is disposed on the dielectric layer of the lower bottom plate, and the microwell array also covers the hydrophobic layer. The power supply module is a PCB board with fixed slots. The PCB board is electrically connected to the chip through an internal conductive layer for the transmission of power and signals. The photoelectric wetting droplet manipulation module includes an illumination control device disposed on one side of the microfluidic chip, used to project a dynamic illumination pattern onto a predetermined area of ​​the photoconductive layer; The droplet recognition module, including a camera and an image processing unit, is used to identify droplets in a microwell array; The central control and data processing unit runs dedicated control software, receives information from the visual feedback module, sends instructions to the electric field control module and the dynamic light projection module, coordinates the execution of the droplet arrangement and manipulation process of the aforementioned method, and records experimental data.

[0021] Furthermore, the illumination control device employs a digital micromirror device or a liquid crystal spatial light modulator, typically a DLP projector, to generate and project high-resolution dynamic light patterns onto specific areas of the chip according to control commands.

[0022] Furthermore, the droplet recognition module consists of an inverted or upright microscope, a high-speed camera, and an image processing computer, used to monitor the state of the droplets and identify the target to be manipulated.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: High precision and high stability: This invention combines the dynamic and precise guidance of photoelectric wetting with the static physical confinement of microwells. The photo-controlled virtual electrode is responsible for "transporting" the droplet to the target location, while the microwell acts like a "physical lock," firmly capturing the droplet on the predetermined grid points, greatly improving the long-term stability and anti-interference ability of the arrangement.

[0024] High efficiency and high throughput: Optical control allows for the simultaneous and independent manipulation of hundreds or thousands of droplets, while the high density of microwell arrays enables the arrangement of even more droplets per unit area. The combination of these two factors significantly improves droplet arrangement throughput and overall processing efficiency, making it ideal for applications such as high-throughput screening.

[0025] Low energy consumption and simplified operation: Once the droplet is captured by the microwell, the light and electric fields used to drive the droplet can be removed, and the droplet will maintain its position by relying on its physical structure. This significantly reduces system energy consumption compared to pure OEW technology, which requires continuous energy application to maintain the droplet's position.

[0026] Synergistic Innovation of Structure and Control: This invention is not a simple functional superposition, but rather a deep integration of driving principles and chip structure. The existence of the micro-well is not only the endpoint, but also provides a clear target for OEW driving, simplifying the complexity of the control algorithm. This synergy produces an unexpected technical effect of 1+1>2.

[0027] Reusability: The reusable microwell array platform designed in this invention, combined with photoelectric wetting technology, enables efficient arrangement and manipulation of droplets. The microwell array design allows for repeated use, avoiding damage and cleaning requirements to the photoresponsive polymer layer, thereby significantly reducing experimental costs and improving the long-term usability of the system.

[0028] The above-described content of this invention is a technical solution based on the provisions of patent law, and is not merely a description of principles or functions. Furthermore, the disclosure level of this specification is sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to implement it without creative effort. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 : A flowchart illustrating the fabrication process of the bottom plate and top plate of the light-controlled droplet microfluidic chip in this embodiment of the invention.

[0030] Figure 2 : A cross-sectional view (left) and a top view (right) of the chip packaging structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 : A schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the photoelectric wetting effect controlling the droplet contact angle in this embodiment of the invention.

[0032] Figure 4 : A schematic diagram of a droplet being constrained by a microwell (left) and driven by a light spot to move between microwells (right) in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the operation sequence for realizing droplet splitting (top) and droplet fusion (bottom) within a microwell array in this embodiment of the invention.

[0034] Figure 6: A schematic diagram of the complete workflow of Embodiment 1 of the present invention (high-throughput droplet identification and screening system).

[0035] Figure 7 : A detailed schematic diagram of the operation process of Embodiment 2 of the present invention (long-term single-cell culture and drug screening platform).

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100-Light-controlled droplet microfluidic chip; 110-Lower substrate; 111-Transparent conductive substrate (bottom); 112-Photoconductive layer; 113-Dielectric insulating layer; 113a-Microwell; 114-Hydrophobic layer (bottom); 120-Upper top plate; 121-Transparent conductive substrate (top); 122-Hydrophobic layer (top); 130-Microfluidic channel; 140-Spacer; 200-Droplet; 300-Continuous phase medium; 400-Illumination pattern. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1: Construction and Method of Basic Droplet Alignment and Manipulation System

[0039] This embodiment aims to detail the fabrication process of a light-controlled droplet microfluidic chip, the system setup, and the method for achieving basic droplet arrangement, movement, splitting, and fusion operations.

[0040] 1. Chip fabrication

[0041] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The fabrication process of the light-controlled droplet microfluidic chip 100 is as follows:

[0042] a) Preparation of the lower base plate 110:

[0043] Substrate selection: An indium tin oxide (ITO) glass with a thickness of 0.7 mm and a sheet resistance of 10 Ω / sq is selected as the transparent conductive substrate 111.

[0044] Photoconductive layer deposition: A 1 μm thick layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon was uniformly deposited on the ITO conductive surface as the photoconductive layer 112 using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). This material exhibits excellent photoconductivity under visible light (especially red light) irradiation.

[0045] Fabrication of dielectric insulating layer and microwell array:

[0046] On the photoconductive layer 112, a layer of SU-8 photoresist with a thickness of 8 μm is coated by spin coating as a dielectric insulating layer 113.

[0047] Using standard photolithography, a pre-designed photomask is exposed and developed on the SU-8 layer to form a microwell array pattern. In this embodiment, the microwells 113a are designed as circular grooves with a diameter of 100 μm and a center-to-center spacing of 200 μm, arranged in a 100x100 square array.

[0048] Subsequently, using reactive ion etching technology, with the photoresist pattern as a mask, the SU-8 dielectric layer was etched downwards to form a microwell 113a with a depth of 6μm.

[0049] Hydrophobic layer coating: On the surface of the etched and cleaned dielectric insulating layer 113 (including the inner wall and bottom of the microwell), a layer of Teflon AF hydrophobic material with a thickness of approximately 50 nm is coated by spin coating to form the bottom plate hydrophobic layer 114. This layer can significantly reduce the droplet movement resistance and improve the control efficiency.

[0050] b) Preparation of the upper top plate 120:

[0051] Select an ITO glass of the same size as the bottom plate as the transparent conductive substrate 121.

[0052] A layer of Teflon AF material with a thickness of about 50 nm is also spin-coated on its conductive surface to form the hydrophobic layer 122 of the upper plate.

[0053] c) Chip packaging:

[0054] Polystyrene (PS) microspheres with a diameter of 50 μm are sparsely distributed as spacers 140 in the edge region of the lower base plate 110.

[0055] After aligning the top plate 120, it is placed over the bottom plate 110 and sealed around the perimeter with UV-cured adhesive to form a microfluidic channel 130 with an internal height of approximately 50 μm.

[0056] Inlet and outlet ports are reserved at the edge of the chip for subsequent injection of continuous phase medium and droplets.

[0057] 2. System Setup

[0058] Build a complete optically controlled droplet microfluidic system:

[0059] Chip platform: The prepared chip is placed on the stage of an inverted microscope, which forms part of the imaging and analysis module.

[0060] The power supply module is a PCB board with fixed slots. The PCB board is electrically connected to the chip through the internal conductive layer for power and signal transmission. An external function signal generator is connected to a high voltage amplifier to provide an AC voltage with a peak-to-peak value of 25Vrms and a frequency of 50kHz to the upper and lower ITO conductive layers 111 and 121 of the chip.

[0061] The photoelectric wetting droplet manipulation module uses a digital light processing (DLP) projector. The light emitted by the projector (e.g., red light with a wavelength of 625 nm) is focused and projected onto the photoconductive layer 112 on the chip's underside through the optical path of a microscope. The projector is connected to a control and processing unit (computer).

[0062] The droplet recognition module is equipped with a high-speed CCD camera below the inverted microscope to capture the dynamic behavior of the droplet 200 in the microfluidic channel 130 in real time and transmit the video stream to the computer.

[0063] The central control and data processing unit runs control software written in LabVIEW or Python on a computer. This software is capable of: (i) generating lighting patterns of arbitrary shapes and sequences and projecting them through a DLP projector; (ii) controlling the switching and parameters of the power supply module; (iii) acquiring images from a CCD camera in real time and identifying the position, size, and number of droplets through image processing algorithms; and (iv) implementing closed-loop feedback control of the lighting patterns according to preset experimental procedures or real-time user commands.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating an implementation example of the high-throughput droplet identification and screening method of this invention. The flowchart demonstrates the complete process of high-throughput droplet identification and screening: First, a micropump drives oil and water phase samples from the oil / water phase sample tank into the oil and water phase input channels, respectively. Microdroplets are generated in the microdroplet generation chip. After being exported from the microdroplet outlet, the generated microdroplets are transported to the droplet identification and screening area via a transmission pipeline. Upon entering this area, the microdroplets first form a matrix microdroplet array in the microwell array. Subsequently, the droplet identification module identifies this array, obtaining the microdroplet array containing the target droplets. Then, the droplet manipulation module separates these droplets. The target droplets are collected in the storage area via the transmission channel, while non-target droplets are guided to the waste liquid area via the transmission channel. This achieves fully automated high-throughput processing from microdroplet generation and transmission to accurate identification and screening of target droplets.

[0066] The droplet recognition module shown in the figure consists of a camera and a machine vision program, used to identify and determine whether a droplet is the target droplet. The droplet manipulation module shown in the figure consists of a DLP projection device, used to control the movement of the droplet.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] Figure 7 The flowchart illustrates a case study of long-term cell culture and drug screening. First, screened single-cell droplets, PBS solution, and drug-containing culture medium from the reservoir sequentially enter the droplet manipulation area via a transfer channel. Within this area, the single-cell droplets are first arrayed into a matrix of microdroplets using a microwell array. After a period of culture, the droplets are manipulated to divide, producing small-volume droplets containing cells and old culture medium. The old culture medium is then guided to the waste liquid area via the transfer channel. Subsequently, the PBS solution and the small-volume droplets containing cells undergo a three-step process of "fusion, washing, and division" to generate new small-volume droplets containing cells and PBS waste liquid. The PBS waste liquid also enters the waste liquid area via the transfer channel. Finally, the small-volume droplets containing cells interact with the drug-containing culture medium to form drug-stimulated single-cell droplets. These droplets are then collected in a collection tube via the transfer channel and microdroplet outlet, thus completing the entire process of long-term cell culture and drug screening.

[0069] The positional relationships described in this embodiment are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting this patent. Clearly, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples to clearly illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for assisted droplet arrangement using a microwell array based on a light-controlled droplet microfluidic chip, the chip comprising an upper top plate and a lower bottom plate, wherein the lower bottom plate, from bottom to top, comprises a glass substrate, an ITO layer, a photoconductive layer, a dielectric layer, and a hydrophobic layer, and the upper top plate, from top to bottom, comprises a glass substrate, an ITO layer, and a hydrophobic layer, wherein a microwell array is disposed on the dielectric layer of the lower bottom plate, and the microwell array also covers the hydrophobic layer, characterized in that... The method includes the following steps: a) A stable and adjustable electric field is applied between at least one droplet on the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate; b) A dynamic illumination pattern with a predetermined path is projected onto a predetermined area of ​​the photoconductive layer by an illumination control device. The illumination pattern significantly reduces the impedance of the photoconductive layer in the illuminated area, thereby generating an enhanced electric field on the insulating layer in the area and applying a photoelectric wetting effect-generated dielectric force to the droplet to form a virtual electrode that drives the droplet to move. c) Control the path of the dynamic illumination pattern to precisely guide the droplet from its initial position to the location of a target microwell in the microwell array, and use the physical concave structure of the target microwell to capture and position the droplet.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwell array is fabricated on the dielectric layer of the underlying substrate by an etching process, and the diameter of the microwells ranges from 10 micrometers to 200 micrometers, and the depth ranges from 30 nanometers to 100 nanometers.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The periphery between the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate of the light-controlled droplet microfluidic chip is sealed by UV-curing adhesive. The UV-curing adhesive is uniformly doped with monodisperse polystyrene microspheres. The diameter of the microspheres determines and maintains a uniform gap of 20 micrometers to 150 micrometers between the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate, forming a sealed droplet operation chamber.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric field is an alternating current electric field with a specific frequency of 1 kHz to 100 kHz and a voltage amplitude of 1 Vrms to 100 Vrms.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The illumination control device is a digital micromirror device (DMD) or a liquid crystal display (LCD) projection device, used to generate and dynamically update the illumination pattern.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step c), when the droplet is guided to a position above or near the target microwell, the illumination pattern is removed or changed, so that the droplet falls into and stabilizes in the target microwell under the action of gravity or surface tension.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes the step of simultaneously manipulating multiple droplets, by simultaneously projecting multiple independent dynamic lighting patterns onto the light guide layer through the lighting control device, and guiding the multiple droplets to different target microwells respectively.

8. A microwell array-assisted droplet alignment system based on a light-controlled droplet microfluidic chip, characterized in that, include: A microfluidic chip, comprising an upper top plate and a lower bottom plate, wherein the lower bottom plate consists of a glass substrate, an ITO layer, a photoconductive layer, a dielectric layer and a hydrophobic layer from bottom to top, and the upper top plate consists of a glass substrate, an ITO layer and a hydrophobic layer from top to bottom. A microwell array is disposed on the dielectric layer of the lower bottom plate, and the microwell array also covers the hydrophobic layer. The power supply module is a PCB board with fixed slots. The PCB board is electrically connected to the chip through an internal conductive layer for the transmission of power and signals. The photoelectric wetting droplet manipulation module includes an illumination control device disposed on one side of the microfluidic chip, used to project a dynamic illumination pattern onto a predetermined area of ​​the photoconductive layer; The droplet recognition module, including a camera and an image processing unit, is used to identify droplets in a microwell array; The central control and data processing unit runs dedicated control software, receives information from the visual feedback module, sends instructions to the electric field control module and the dynamic light projection module, and collaboratively executes the droplet arrangement and manipulation process of the method described in any one of claims 1-7, and records experimental data.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The illumination control device employs a digital micromirror device or a liquid crystal spatial light modulator to generate and project high-resolution dynamic light patterns onto a specific area of ​​the chip according to control commands.

10. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The droplet recognition module consists of an inverted or upright microscope, a high-speed camera, and an image processing computer, used to monitor the state of the droplets and identify the target to be manipulated.

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