Aluminum material extrusion apparatus and extrusion method

Abstract

The application discloses an aluminum material extrusion equipment and an extrusion method, and comprises a pushing shaft moving die set, a feeding assembly, a rear die assembly and a front die assembly. The pushing shaft moving die set is provided with a pushing rod. The feeding assembly comprises a feeding shaft moving die set and a feeding sleeve, and the feeding sleeve is provided with a feeding channel matched with the pushing rod. The rear die assembly comprises a rear die shaft moving die set, a rear die, a rear die diameter moving die set and a rear die cutter. The rear die and the rear die diameter moving die set are connected to the rear die shaft moving die set. The rear die is provided with a shunt channel, and the rear die cutter is connected to the rear die diameter moving die set. The front die assembly comprises a front die, a front die diameter moving die set and a front die cutter. The front die is provided with a forming channel, and the cross-sectional area of the forming channel is smaller than that of the shunt channel. The front die cutter is connected to the front die diameter moving die set. The application can reduce the extrusion force required by single-stage deformation, reduce the local stress concentration, and stabilize the long-term operation state. The application can effectively reduce the distortion risk of aluminum products and stabilize the extrusion cutting action.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of aluminum extrusion, and in particular to an aluminum extrusion equipment and extrusion method. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum extrusion is a key process in aluminum profile production. The basic principle is to heat aluminum ingots to a plastic state to obtain hot billets, and apply pressure to make the hot billets flow through die holes of a specific shape to obtain profiles with the required cross-sectional shape.

[0003] In traditional technology, aluminum extrusion equipment typically includes an extrusion cylinder, an extrusion bar, and a die. During extrusion production, a hot billet is placed into the extrusion cylinder, pushed into the die by the extrusion bar, and deformed. Finally, it is extruded from the die opening to obtain the aluminum product. The die in this type of extrusion equipment is usually a single-chamber structure, that is, the hot billet directly enters a die cavity with the final product cross-sectional shape from the extrusion cylinder. Due to the huge amount of metal deformation, not only is the equipment required to provide extremely high extrusion pressure, resulting in huge energy consumption, but it is also easy to generate porosity, shrinkage tails, or uneven structure inside the profile, which seriously affects the density and mechanical properties of the aluminum product. In addition, the huge reaction force acts directly on the die and extrusion bar, which easily causes stress concentration, high fatigue failure rate of key components, and short overall service life of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention addresses the deficiencies of the existing technology, and its main objective is to provide an aluminum extrusion equipment and extrusion method that can effectively solve the problems of high extrusion pressure, high energy consumption, short equipment lifespan, and poor extrusion quality in existing aluminum extrusion methods.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An aluminum extrusion apparatus, comprising: The machine is equipped with a push shaft shifting module, and the output end of the push shaft shifting module is equipped with a push rod. The feeding assembly includes a feeding shaft moving module and a feeding sleeve. The feeding shaft moving module is connected to the machine base, and the feeding sleeve is connected to the feeding shaft moving module. The feeding sleeve is provided with a feeding channel that matches the push rod. The rear mold assembly includes a rear mold axis shifting module, a rear mold, a rear mold radial shifting module, and a rear mold cutter. The rear mold axis shifting module is connected to the machine base. The rear mold and the rear mold radial shifting module are both connected to the rear mold axis shifting module. The rear mold is provided with a flow distribution channel. The rear mold cutter is connected to the rear mold radial shifting module. The radial shifting trajectory of the rear mold cutter intersects at the inlet of the flow distribution channel. The feeding channel is located outside the inlet of the flow distribution channel. The front mold assembly includes a front mold, a front mold radial transfer module, and a front mold cutter. Both the front mold and the front mold radial transfer module are connected to the machine base. The front mold is provided with a forming channel. The cross-sectional area of ​​the forming channel is smaller than that of the diversion channel. The forming channel is located outside the outlet of the diversion channel. The front mold cutter is connected to the front mold radial transfer module. The radial transfer trajectory of the front mold cutter intersects at the entrance of the forming channel.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment, the feed sleeve is equipped with a heating mechanism surrounding the feed channel.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the rear mold is connected to the rear mold axis shifting module via the rear template, and the front mold is connected to the machine base via the front template.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the rear template is provided with a positioning groove on the side near the front template, the outlet of the diversion channel is located at the bottom of the positioning groove, the front template is provided with a positioning boss that matches the positioning groove on the side near the rear template, and the entrance of the forming channel is located on one side surface of the positioning boss.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the rear template is provided with a rear mold mounting groove and a rear mold clearance hole. The opening of the rear mold mounting groove faces the feed sleeve, and the rear mold clearance hole is connected to the bottom of the rear mold mounting groove. The cross-sectional area of ​​the rear mold clearance hole is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the rear mold mounting groove. The rear mold is installed in the rear mold mounting groove, and the rear mold is provided with a rear mold positioning block that passes through the rear mold clearance hole. The front template is provided with a front mold mounting groove and a front mold clearance hole. The opening of the front mold mounting groove faces the front mold, and the front mold clearance hole is connected to the bottom of the front mold mounting groove. The cross-sectional area of ​​the front mold clearance hole is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the front mold mounting groove. The front mold is installed in the front mold mounting groove.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the cutting edge of the rear die cutter is located on the plane of the rear template near the feed sleeve, and the side of the rear die cutter away from the rear template is provided with a rear unloading curved surface; the cutting edge of the front die cutter is located on the plane of the positioning boss near the rear template, and the side of the front die cutter away from the front template is provided with a front unloading curved surface.

[0011] As a preferred option, both the diversion channel and the forming channel have an I-shaped cross section.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the push rod is connected to the push shaft moving module via a rotary drive module. The rotary drive module includes a positioning cylinder, a rotating shaft, and a drive screw. The positioning cylinder is connected to the push shaft moving module, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the positioning cylinder, and a worm gear is provided outside the rotating shaft, which is meshed with the drive screw.

[0013] An extrusion method, applied to the aforementioned aluminum extrusion equipment, includes the following steps: The feed shaft shifting module drives the feed sleeve to move away from the mold and translate it so that the feed channel is separated from the diversion channel; The rear die radial displacement module drives the rear die cutter to move radially toward the entrance of the diversion channel to cut off the feed waste originally located in the feed channel; The rear mold axis shifting module drives the rear mold to move away from the front mold, so that the flow channel is separated from the molding channel; The rear die radial displacement module drives the front die cutter to move radially toward the entrance of the forming channel to cut off the waste material originally located in the diversion channel, thus obtaining an independent aluminum product that passes through the forming channel.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, before the feed sleeve is driven away from the mold by the feed axis shifting module and the mold is translated, the following steps are also included: The rear mold axis shifting module drives the rear mold to move closer to the front mold, so that the outlet of the diversion channel is connected to the inlet of the molding channel; The feed shaft shift module drives the feed sleeve to move closer to the rear mold and translate it so that the outlet of the feed channel is connected to the inlet of the diversion channel; The push shaft shift module drives the push rod forward so that the hot billet passes through the feeding channel, the diversion channel and the forming channel in sequence, resulting in feed waste in the feeding channel, diversion waste in the diversion channel and aluminum product passing through the forming channel.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects. Specifically, as can be seen from the above technical solution: Through sequentially distributed feeding, rear die, and front die assemblies, the hot billet undergoes a progressive deformation process during its flow, involving initial filling and diversion followed by compression forming. This distributes the extrusion reaction force throughout the hot billet forming process to the rear and front dies, effectively reducing the extrusion pressure required for single-stage deformation, resulting in low extrusion energy consumption. Simultaneously, it reduces the reaction force on the equipment during single-stage deformation, significantly minimizing local stress concentration and thus reducing the peak load on the push rod, rear die, and front die. This effectively reduces the risk of fatigue damage under prolonged, high-load operation, resulting in low wear rates on key components and extending the overall service life of the extrusion equipment. Furthermore, it ensures stable and reliable long-term operation and high consistency in extrusion processing. The large cross-sectional area of ​​the diversion channel allows for sufficient redistribution and polymerization of the metal before entering the final forming stage, significantly reducing the risk of internal porosity and poor welding. The billet is then precisely compressed into the required shape within the forming channel, effectively ensuring the continuity of the metal flow lines and the density of the structure, thereby significantly improving the internal quality and surface precision of the final aluminum product, resulting in high-quality extrusion processing. A rear die, which can move axially and separate from the front die, is equipped with a rear die cutter for cutting at the entrance of the diversion channel. A front die cutter is used for cutting at the entrance of the forming channel, progressively cutting the feed waste in the feed channel and the diversion waste in the diversion channel. This yields an independent aluminum product that passes through the forming channel, effectively reducing the risk of distortion caused by solidified diversion waste adhering to the aluminum product. The entire extrusion and cutting process is stable and reliable, resulting in high-quality aluminum products. The cutter acts directly on the entrance side of the corresponding channel, ensuring precise cutting and a short cutting path, resulting in high waste separation efficiency and excellent cutting and separation effects.

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the aluminum extrusion equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the aluminum extrusion equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention in another working state; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the aluminum extrusion equipment according to another working state of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the aluminum extrusion equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention, viewed from another perspective. Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the aluminum extrusion equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the aluminum extrusion equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is another partial structural schematic diagram of the aluminum extrusion equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is another partial structural schematic diagram of the aluminum extrusion equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 110. Machine base; 120. Push shaft shifting module; 130. Push rod; 140. Positioning cylinder; 150. Rotating shaft; 151. Worm gear; 160. Drive screw; 210. Feed shaft shifting module; 220. Feed sleeve; 221. Feed channel; 222. Heating mechanism; 310. Rear die shaft shifting module; 320. Rear die; 321. Diverting channel; 322. Rear die positioning block; 330. Rear die radial shifting... Module; 340, Rear mold cutter; 341, Rear unloading surface; 350, Rear template; 351, Positioning groove; 352, Rear mold mounting groove; 353, Rear mold clearance hole; 410, Front mold; 411, Molding channel; 420, Front mold radial displacement module; 430, Front mold cutter; 431, Front unloading surface; 440, Front template; 441, Positioning boss; 442, Front mold mounting groove; 443, Front mold clearance hole. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 As shown, it illustrates the specific structure of an aluminum extrusion apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprising: The machine base 110 is equipped with a push shaft shifting module 120, and the output end of the push shaft shifting module 120 is provided with a push rod 130 extending along the axial direction.

[0020] The feeding assembly includes a feeding shaft shifting module 210 and a feeding sleeve 220. The feeding shaft shifting module 210 is connected to the machine base 110, and the feeding sleeve 220 is connected to the feeding shaft shifting module 210. The feeding sleeve 220 is provided with a feeding channel 221 that matches the push rod 130, and the push rod 130 can pass through and enter the feeding channel 221.

[0021] The rear mold assembly includes a rear mold axis shifting module 310, a rear mold 320, a rear mold radial shifting module 330, and a rear mold cutter 340. The rear mold axis shifting module 310 is connected to the machine base 110. The rear mold 320 and the rear mold radial shifting module 330 are both connected to the rear mold axis shifting module 310. The rear mold 320 is provided with an axially extending flow channel 321. The rear mold cutter 340 is connected to the rear mold radial shifting module 330, and the rear mold radial shifting module 330 is used to drive the rear mold cutter 340. 40 moves radially, and the radial movement trajectory of the rear die cutter 340 intersects the inlet of the diversion channel 321. The rear die cutter 340 is used to cut off part of the feed waste remaining in the feed channel 221 and remove it from the rear die waste in the diversion channel 321. The feed channel 221 is located outside the inlet of the diversion channel 321. The inlet of the diversion channel 321 is used to connect to the inlet of the feed channel 221. The push axis shift module 120 is located outside the inlet of the feed channel 221.

[0022] The front mold assembly includes a front mold 410, a front mold radial transfer module 420, and a front mold cutter 430. Both the front mold 410 and the front mold radial transfer module 420 are connected to the machine base 110. The front mold 410 has an axially extending forming channel 411. The cross-sectional area of ​​the forming channel 411 is smaller than that of the diversion channel 321. The forming channel 411 is located outside the outlet of the diversion channel 321. The inlet of the forming channel 411 connects to the outlet of the diversion channel 321. The hot billet is input from the feeding channel 221 and passes sequentially through the diversion channel 321 and the forming channel 411. Under the action of the large cross-sectional area diversion channel 321, the hot billet is compressed and deformed to fill the diversion channel 321. After the diversion channel 321 diverts the hot billet, it enters the forming channel 411, where it is further compressed to match the shape of the forming channel 411 through gradual shrinkage. The mold cavity channel can effectively improve the filling effect and the density of extrusion molding, resulting in high-quality aluminum products. By distributing the reaction force of extrusion step by step, stress concentration can be effectively reduced, which can effectively extend the service life of the equipment. The front die cutter 430 is connected to the front die radial transfer module 420. The front die radial transfer module 420 is used to drive the front die cutter 430 to move radially. The radial transfer trajectory of the front die cutter 430 intersects the entrance of the forming channel 411. The front die cutter 430 is used to cut the back die waste originally located in the diversion channel 321 away from the I-shaped aluminum material in the forming channel 411. The hot billet is a metal ingot that has plasticity after heating. The feeding assembly, the back die assembly and the front die assembly are distributed in sequence along the forward direction of the push rod 130, and the axis of the feeding channel 221, the axis of the diversion channel 321 and the axis of the forming channel 411 are collinear.

[0023] A three-stage mold cavity structure is constructed by sequentially distributing the feeding assembly, rear mold assembly, and front mold assembly, along with the feeding channel 221, diversion channel 321, and forming channel 411 whose cross-sectional areas decrease progressively. During the flow process, the hot billet undergoes a gradual deformation process of first filling and diversion, followed by compression and forming. This distributes the extrusion reaction force experienced by the hot billet throughout the forming process to the rear mold 320 and the front mold 410, effectively reducing the extrusion force required for single-stage deformation. Simultaneously, it reduces the reaction force experienced by the equipment during single-stage deformation, significantly reducing local stress concentration, thereby lowering the peak load borne by the push rod 130, rear mold 320, and front mold 410. The high load effectively reduces the risk of fatigue damage to the equipment under long-term, high-load operation. The low wear rate of key components effectively extends the service life of the entire extrusion equipment, ensuring stable and reliable operation and high consistency in extrusion processing. The large cross-sectional area of ​​the diversion channel 321 allows for sufficient redistribution and polymerization of the metal before entering the final forming stage, significantly reducing the risk of internal porosity and poor welding. The hot billet is then precisely compressed into the required shape within the forming channel 411, effectively ensuring the continuity of metal flow lines and the density of the microstructure. This significantly improves the internal quality and surface finish of the final aluminum product. The quality of the workmanship is good. The rear mold 320, which can be axially separated from the front mold 410, and equipped with a rear mold cutter 340 for cutting at the entrance of the diversion channel 321, and the front mold cutter 430 for cutting at the entrance of the forming channel 411, can progressively cut the feed waste in the feed channel 221 and the diversion waste in the diversion channel 321. This results in an independent aluminum product passing through the forming channel 411. The cross-section of the independent aluminum product matches the cross-section of the forming channel 411, resulting in low resistance to continuous advancement and effectively reducing distortion caused by the adhesion of a certain degree of solidified diversion waste to the aluminum product. Risk-free, stable and reliable extrusion and cutting operation throughout the entire process, resulting in high-quality aluminum products. The cutting blade acts directly on the inlet side of the corresponding channel, ensuring precise cutting action and a short cutting path, resulting in high waste separation efficiency and good cutting and separation effect. The coaxiality of the feeding channel 221, the diversion channel 321, and the forming channel 411 ensures uniform stress and smooth flow path during the deformation of the hot billet, effectively reducing pressure fluctuations and metal turbulence caused by abrupt changes in the flow channel. At the same time, the progressive deformation method reduces the peak value of the extrusion pressure, making the working state of the push axis shifting module 120 more stable, further ensuring the dimensional consistency of the entire profile.

[0024] Understandably, the feed sleeve 220 is equipped with a heating mechanism 222 surrounding the feed channel 221. The heating mechanism 222 can be a heating coil, which is used to keep the hot billet in the feed channel 221 warm to maintain its thermoplastic properties. The heating mechanism 222 is not limited to keeping the billet in the feed channel 221 warm; it can also be arranged in sections along the axial direction of the feed sleeve 220. By setting independent temperature sensors and closed-loop control units, the power of each heating zone can be adjusted differently, forming a temperature gradient that increases or remains constant from the inlet to the outlet within the feed channel 221. The temperature gradient can compensate for the heat loss caused by the hot billet contacting the inner wall of the channel during transport, thereby ensuring uniform temperature between the core and surface of the billet and avoiding inconsistent metal flow properties due to temperature differences. This provides hot billets with highly consistent rheological properties for subsequent diversion and forming processes, improving the stability of the extrusion process from the source.

[0025] It is understandable that the rear mold 320 is connected to the output end of the rear mold axis shifting module 310 through the rear template 350, and the front mold 410 is connected to the machine base 110 through the front template 440. The rear mold axis shifting module 310 and the feeding axis shifting module 210 can both be set as driving and positioning mechanisms that extend and retract axially, such as hydraulic rods or hydraulic cylinders. Specifically, the rear template 350 and the feeding sleeve 220 are both movably connected to the machine base 110 through corresponding axial guide mechanisms.

[0026] The axial guiding mechanism can specifically employ a high-rigidity roller-type linear guide pair. The guide pair includes a guide rail fixed to the machine base 110 and sliders respectively fixed to the rear template 350 and the feed sleeve 220, providing precise guidance and strong radial support for the axial movement of the rear template 350 and the feed sleeve 220. Through this guiding mechanism, the rear mold axis shifting module 310 and the feed axis shifting module 210 only need to provide axial driving force, without having to bear bending moments caused by gravity or eccentric loads. This not only improves the accuracy and response speed of drive positioning but also effectively reduces the risk of seal failure or rod bending of the hydraulic rod due to long-term lateral force, resulting in high reliability of the equipment during long-term operation. The axial guiding mechanism can also be a linear guide pair composed of a slider and a slide rail.

[0027] It is understood that the rear template 350 is provided with a positioning groove 351 on the side near the front template 440, the outlet of the diversion channel 321 is located at the bottom of the positioning groove 351, and the inlet of the diversion channel 321 is located on the side surface of the rear template 350 near the feed sleeve 220. The front template 440 is provided with a positioning boss 441 matching the positioning groove 351 on the side near the rear template 350, and the inlet of the forming channel 411 is located on the side surface of the positioning boss 441 near the rear mold 320. The positioning boss 441 and the positioning groove 351 can improve the alignment accuracy of the forming channel 411 and the diversion channel 321, and can effectively improve the stability of the structure during extrusion. Moreover, the positioning groove 351 can reduce the length of the diversion channel 321, which can reduce the amount of diversion waste generated while effectively ensuring the thickness of the main body of the rear template 350, thereby reducing waste generation and improving the stability and durability of the structure.

[0028] During extrusion, the immense axial pressure ensures that the positioning boss 441 and the bottom and side surfaces of the positioning groove 351 fit tightly together, forming a highly rigid whole. This embedded mating structure not only improves the centering positioning effect, but also allows the mating interface between the positioning boss 441 and the positioning groove 351 to effectively withstand and transmit the radial force generated during extrusion. This significantly reduces the risk of relative misalignment between the front die 410 and the rear die 320 under high pressure, effectively ensuring that the forming channel 411 and the diversion channel 321 maintain a reliable centering state throughout the entire extrusion process. It also effectively reduces the risk of defects such as eccentricity and uneven wall thickness in thin-walled or complex cross-section profiles.

[0029] Understandably, the rear template 350 is provided with a rear mold mounting groove 352 and a rear mold clearance hole 353. The opening of the rear mold mounting groove 352 faces the feed sleeve 220, and the rear mold clearance hole 353 is connected to the bottom of the rear mold mounting groove 352. The cross-sectional area of ​​the rear mold clearance hole 353 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the rear mold mounting groove 352, which can form a reliable positioning effect for the rear mold 320. The rear mold 320 is installed in the rear mold mounting groove 352. The rear mold 320 is provided with a rear mold positioning block 322 that passes through the rear mold clearance hole 353. The diversion channel 321 passes through the rear mold 320 and the rear mold positioning block 322; the front template 440 is provided with The device has a front mold mounting groove 442 and a front mold clearance hole 443. The front mold mounting groove 442 also passes through a positioning boss 441. The opening of the front mold mounting groove 442 faces the front mold 410. The front mold clearance hole 443 is connected to the bottom of the front mold mounting groove 442. The cross-sectional area of ​​the front mold clearance hole 443 is smaller than that of the front mold mounting groove 442, which can provide a reliable positioning effect for the front mold 410. The front mold 410 is installed in the front mold mounting groove 442. The diameter of the front mold clearance hole 443 is larger than the maximum width of the forming channel 411, thereby ensuring that the aluminum product can be smoothly output from the forming channel 411 through the front mold clearance hole 443. During the extrusion process, the hot billet is conveyed along the forward direction of the push rod 130. During this process, the bottom of the rear mold mounting groove 352 can effectively stabilize the position of the rear mold 320, and the bottom of the front mold mounting groove 442 can effectively restrict the position of the front mold 410. The overall extrusion operation of the equipment is stable and reliable.

[0030] Under high-temperature operating conditions, the sidewall of the rear mold mounting groove 352 and the rear mold 320, as well as the sidewall of the front mold mounting groove 442 and the front mold 410, can form a reliable self-locking positioning due to thermal expansion. The design of the front mold clearance hole 443 having a diameter larger than the maximum width of the forming channel 411 allows the profile to pass freely without interference after extrusion, thus avoiding secondary scratches on the finished product.

[0031] Understandably, the cutting edge of the rear die cutter 340 is located on the plane of the rear template 350 near the feed sleeve 220. The rear die cutter 340 has a rear unloading curved surface 341 on the side away from the rear template 350, and the cutting edge of the rear die cutter 340 is located at the edge of the rear unloading curved surface 341. The rear unloading curved surface 341 can effectively improve the removal efficiency of feed waste. The cutting edge of the front die cutter 430 is located on the plane of the positioning boss 441 near the rear template 350. The front die cutter 430 has a front unloading curved surface 431 on the side away from the front template 440, and the cutting edge of the front die cutter 430 is located at the edge of the front unloading curved surface 431. The front unloading curved surface 431 can effectively improve the removal efficiency of diverted waste.

[0032] The rear unloading surface 341 and the front unloading surface 431 are concave arc surfaces or conical surfaces. When the cutter completes the cutting action and retracts radially, both the rear unloading surface 341 and the front unloading surface 431 act as a wedge-shaped separator, actively generating a separating force that pushes the waste material along the axial direction. Specifically, at the moment the cutting blade cuts through the root of the waste material, the smooth arc of the unloading surface guides the separated feed waste material to slide smoothly to the side and rear, preventing the waste material from remaining on the surface of the cutter or mold due to gravity or adhesion. The smoothness of automatic waste detachment and discharge effectively meets the needs of continuous operation.

[0033] Specifically, radial guide mechanisms can be connected between the rear die cutter 340 and the rear template 350, and between the front die cutter 430 and the machine base 110. The radial guide mechanism can be a roller-type linear guide pair. Furthermore, the rear template 350 is provided with a storage groove to make way for the front die cutter 430, which can effectively shorten the stroke of the front die cutter 430 and improve the stability of the action when cutting the diverted waste material away from the aluminum product.

[0034] It is understandable that the cross-sections of both the diversion channel 321 and the forming channel 411 are I-shaped, and the I-shape can be formed through a hollow channel structure. It is important to emphasize that the hollow channel structure here refers to the through cavity formed inside the mold that is consistent with the shape of the final product. The diversion channel 321 is a continuous I-shaped channel structure, which ensures that when the rear mold 320 moves away from the front mold 410 along the axial direction, the position of the diverted waste material can remain stable relative to the aluminum product and the forming channel 411, thereby effectively improving the reliability of the cutting action and improving the quality of the final aluminum product.

[0035] It is understood that the push rod 130 is connected to the output end of the push shaft transfer module 120 through the rotary drive module. The push shaft transfer module 120 can be configured as a hydraulic rod. The rotary drive module includes a positioning cylinder 140, a rotating shaft 150 and a drive screw 160. The positioning cylinder 140 is connected to one end of the push shaft transfer module 120. The rotating shaft 150 is rotatably connected to the positioning cylinder 140. A worm gear 151 is provided outside the rotating shaft 150. The worm gear 151 is meshed with the drive screw 160. The drive screw 160 can be connected to an external motor or other mechanism that can output rotational force.

[0036] The rotary drive module enables the push rod 130 to rotate at low speed while advancing axially. When extruding difficult-to-deform alloys or large-sized ingots, the extrusion pad at the end of the push rod 130, driven by the rotary drive module, causes the hot ingot and the die to rotate relative to each other. This composite loading method of axial pressure and circumferential torsion can change the triaxial compressive stress state during traditional hydrostatic extrusion to a stress state with shear components. This is beneficial for refining the initial grain size of the ingot, reducing the flow stress of the metal, thereby reducing the maximum extrusion pressure required, and making the feeding of each flow hole of the die more uniform. This has a positive effect on improving the uniformity of the final profile structure and mechanical properties. In addition, the relative rotation between the push rod 130 and the hot ingot significantly reduces the probability of the hot ingot sticking to the push rod 130, effectively improving the reliability of the feed scrap cutting effect.

[0037] The present invention also discloses an extrusion method applied to the aforementioned aluminum extrusion equipment, the method comprising the following steps: S10, the feed shaft shifting module 210 drives the feed sleeve 220 to move away from the rear mold 320, so that the feed channel 221 is separated from the diversion channel 321. The state at this time is referenced. Figure 1 As shown.

[0038] S20, the rear die radial displacement module 330 drives the rear die cutter 340 to move radially toward the entrance of the diversion channel 321 to cut off the feed waste originally located in the feed channel 221, and the feed waste falls off from one end of the diversion waste.

[0039] S30, the rear mold axis shifting module 310 drives the rear mold 320 to move away from the front mold 410, so that the flow channel 321 is disengaged from the molding channel 411. The state at this time is referenced. Figure 2 As shown.

[0040] S40, the rear die radial displacement module 330 drives the front die cutter 430 to move radially toward the entrance of the forming channel 411 to cut off the diversion waste originally located in the diversion channel 321. The diversion waste falls off from one end of the aluminum product to obtain an independent aluminum product that passes through the forming channel 411.

[0041] By precisely controlling the axial movement sequence of the feeding assembly, rear die assembly, and front die assembly, combined with radial cutting action, clear separation of extruded waste material can be achieved. Specifically, the feeding sleeve 220 and rear die 320 are first separated, exposing the connection root between the feed waste and the diversion channel 321, which is then cut for the first time by the rear die cutter 340. After the rear die 320 is separated from the front die 410, the connection root between the diversion waste and the formed product is exposed, and a second cut is performed by the front die cutter 430. This step-by-step, graded processing method can significantly reduce interference or pulling that may occur when cutting multiple connection points simultaneously, ensuring that each cut surface is flat and clean. This effectively improves the pass rate of the aluminum product tail and the convenience of waste collection. Moreover, the step-by-step cutting can also prevent the rear die 320 from dragging the large cross-sectional area of ​​feed waste backward during separation, ensuring the stability of the aluminum product's position in the forming channel 411.

[0042] It is understandable that before the feed shaft shifting module 210 drives the feed sleeve 220 to move away from the mold 320, that is, before step S10, the following steps are also included: S01, the rear mold axis shifting module 310 drives the rear mold 320 to move closer to the front mold 410 so that the outlet of the diversion channel 321 is connected to the inlet of the molding channel 411.

[0043] S02, the feed axis shifting module 210 drives the feed sleeve 220 to move closer to the rear mold 320 and translate it so that the outlet of the feed channel 221 is connected to the inlet of the diversion channel 321. The state at this time is referenced. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown.

[0044] S03, the push shaft shift module 120 drives the push rod 130 forward so that the hot billet passes through the feeding channel 221, the diversion channel 321 and the forming channel 411 in sequence, and obtains the feed waste in the feeding channel 221, the diversion waste in the diversion channel 321 and the aluminum product passing through the forming channel 411.

[0045] After step S03 and before step S10, the following steps may also be included: S04, the push shaft shift module 120 drives the push rod 130 to retract, so that the push rod 130 is disengaged from the feed waste in the feed channel 221.

[0046] The technical principles of the present invention have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are merely for explaining the principles of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the invention in any way. Based on this explanation, those skilled in the art can readily conceive of other specific embodiments of the invention without inventive effort, and these embodiments will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aluminum extrusion equipment, characterized in that, include: The machine (110) is equipped with a push shaft shifting module (120), and the output end of the push shaft shifting module (120) is equipped with a push rod (130). The feeding assembly includes a feeding shaft shifting module (210) and a feeding sleeve (220). The feeding shaft shifting module (210) is connected to the machine base (110), and the feeding sleeve (220) is connected to the feeding shaft shifting module (210). The feeding sleeve (220) is provided with a feeding channel (221) that matches the push rod (130). The rear mold assembly includes a rear mold axis shifting module (310), a rear mold (320), a rear mold radial shifting module (330), and a rear mold cutter (340). The rear mold axis shifting module (310) is connected to the machine base (110). The rear mold (320) and the rear mold radial shifting module (330) are both connected to the rear mold axis shifting module (310). The rear mold (320) is provided with a flow divider channel (321). The rear mold cutter (340) is connected to the rear mold radial shifting module (330). The radial shifting trajectory of the rear mold cutter (340) intersects at the entrance of the flow divider channel (321). The feeding channel (221) is located outside the entrance of the flow divider channel (321). The front mold assembly includes a front mold (410), a front mold radial transfer module (420), and a front mold cutter (430). The front mold (410) and the front mold radial transfer module (420) are both connected to the machine base (110). The front mold (410) is provided with a forming channel (411). The cross-sectional area of ​​the forming channel (411) is smaller than that of the diversion channel (321). The forming channel (411) is located outside the outlet of the diversion channel (321). The front mold cutter (430) is connected to the front mold radial transfer module (420). The radial transfer trajectory of the front mold cutter (430) intersects at the entrance of the forming channel (411).

2. The aluminum extrusion equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed sleeve (220) is provided with a heating mechanism (222) surrounding the feed channel (221).

3. The aluminum extrusion equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear mold (320) is connected to the rear mold axis shifting module (310) via the rear template (350), and the front mold (410) is connected to the machine base (110) via the front template (440).

4. The aluminum extrusion equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rear template (350) is provided with a positioning groove (351) on the side near the front template (440), the outlet of the diversion channel (321) is located at the bottom of the positioning groove (351), the front template (440) is provided with a positioning boss (441) matching the positioning groove (351) on the side near the rear template (350), and the entrance of the forming channel (411) is located on one side surface of the positioning boss (441).

5. An aluminum extrusion equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rear template (350) is provided with a rear mold mounting groove (352) and a rear mold clearance hole (353). The opening of the rear mold mounting groove (352) faces the feed sleeve (220). The rear mold clearance hole (353) is connected to the bottom of the rear mold mounting groove (352). The cross-sectional area of ​​the rear mold clearance hole (353) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the rear mold mounting groove (352). The rear mold (320) is installed in the rear mold mounting groove (352). The rear mold (320) is provided with a through-hole. The rear mold positioning block (322) of the clearance hole (353); the front mold plate (440) is provided with a front mold mounting groove (442) and a front mold clearance hole (443), the groove opening of the front mold mounting groove (442) faces the front mold (410), the front mold clearance hole (443) is connected to the bottom of the groove of the front mold mounting groove (442), the cross-sectional area of ​​the front mold clearance hole (443) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the front mold mounting groove (442), and the front mold (410) is installed in the front mold mounting groove (442).

6. The aluminum extrusion equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cutting edge of the rear die cutter (340) is located on the plane of the rear template (350) near the feed sleeve (220), and the rear die cutter (340) is provided with a rear unloading curved surface (341) on the side away from the rear template (350); the cutting edge of the front die cutter (430) is located on the plane of the positioning boss (441) near the rear template (350), and the front die cutter (430) is provided with a front unloading curved surface (431) on the side away from the front template (440).

7. The aluminum extrusion equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sections of both the diversion channel (321) and the forming channel (411) are I-shaped.

8. The aluminum extrusion equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The push rod (130) is connected to the push shaft transfer module (120) via a rotary drive module. The rotary drive module includes a positioning cylinder (140), a rotating shaft (150), and a drive screw (160). The positioning cylinder (140) is connected to the push shaft transfer module (120), and the rotating shaft (150) is rotatably connected to the positioning cylinder (140). A worm gear (151) is provided outside the rotating shaft (150), and the worm gear (151) is meshed with the drive screw (160).

9. An extrusion method, characterized in that, The method, applied to the aluminum extrusion equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprises the following steps: The feed axis shift module (210) drives the feed sleeve (220) to move away from the rear mold (320) so that the feed channel (221) is separated from the diversion channel (321). The rear die radial displacement module (330) drives the rear die cutter (340) to advance radially toward the entrance of the diversion channel (321) to cut off the feed waste originally located in the feed channel (221); The rear mold axis shifting module (310) drives the rear mold (320) to translate away from the front mold (410) so that the diversion channel (321) disengages from the molding channel (411). The rear die radial displacement module (330) drives the front die cutter (430) to advance radially toward the entrance of the forming channel (411) to cut off the diversion waste originally located in the diversion channel (321) and obtain an independent aluminum product inserted in the forming channel (411).

10. The extrusion method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Before the feed axis shifting module (210) drives the feed sleeve (220) to translate away from the rear mold (320), the following steps are also included: The rear mold axis shifting module (310) drives the rear mold (320) to move closer to the front mold (410) so that the outlet of the diversion channel (321) is connected to the inlet of the molding channel (411); The feed axis shift module (210) drives the feed sleeve (220) to move closer to the rear mold (320) so that the outlet of the feed channel (221) is connected to the inlet of the diversion channel (321); The push shaft shift module (120) drives the push rod (130) forward so that the hot billet passes through the feed channel (221), the diversion channel (321) and the forming channel (411) in sequence, to obtain the feed waste in the feed channel (221), the diversion waste in the diversion channel (321) and the aluminum product passing through the forming channel (411).

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