A method and system for controlling dynamic distribution of beam Gaussian energy eccentricity of an SLM

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and provides an SLM control method for dynamic distribution of Gaussian energy eccentricity of a light beam, which is realized by a laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system based on a deformable mirror, the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system comprising a deformable mirror with a coma surface shape; the SLM control method for dynamic distribution of Gaussian energy eccentricity of a light beam comprises: dynamically adjusting a reflecting surface by using the deformable mirror, changing a wavefront phase gradient by using a coma principle, and shaping a standard Gaussian distribution light source into an eccentric Gaussian distribution light source with a highest energy center offset; cooperating with high-speed dynamic changes of the deformable mirror, generating a light source with energy dynamic distribution, in which the energy center rotates around the edge of a light spot at a high speed, adjusting an energy peak value of a static distribution light beam from the center to a dynamic annular distribution which can rotate along an eccentric radius at a set frequency. The application can avoid excessive concentration of energy distribution and effectively improve the stability of a molten pool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser additive manufacturing technology, specifically to a dynamic laser beam shaping technology in the selective laser melting (SLM) forming process, and particularly to a method and system for achieving dynamic eccentric rotational distribution of a laser Gaussian beam within a fixed spot using a deformable mirror. Background Technology

[0002] Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an advanced manufacturing technology that uses data-driven, layer-by-layer material deposition to form solid parts. Compared to traditional subtractive manufacturing, this technology can form lightweight, complex structures and multi-material gradient structures. It features a shorter process flow, less material waste, and eliminates the need for molds, supporting personalized and customized processing. It has been widely applied in aerospace, biomedical, and automotive fields. This technology utilizes laser sintering to melt powder pre-laid in the forming area, creating a highly dynamic and complex process involving the coupling of multiple physical fields. The mainstream processing method in traditional SLM systems involves controlling a laser beam to scan the surface of the powder material point by point, melting the powder layer "from point to line to surface" according to the sliced ​​image. The thin layer of powder in the scanned area undergoes a photopolymerization reaction and melts, forming a thin layer of the part.

[0003] The laser selective melting (SDM) process, progressing from point to line to surface, dictates that the forming quality is highly dependent on the laser source. Currently, most laser sources are based on a single Gaussian energy distribution, with higher energy at the center and lower energy at the edges. This uneven energy distribution easily generates large temperature gradients and violent oscillations in the molten pool. To address the process problems of single Gaussian beam distribution in SDM, beam shaping technology has gradually become an important solution to improve the uneven energy distribution of Gaussian beams. Static shaping based on diffractive optical elements or refractive optical systems can convert the beam spot into a ring or a fixed distribution, aiming to improve energy uniformity. However, once processing begins, it cannot be dynamically adjusted. Compared to a Gaussian beam, this static ring beam has a lower laser intensity at the center, resulting in a shallower molten pool. This means that the melting rate of the previously deposited material will decrease, or even fail to melt at all. Consequently, the bonding strength between metal layers will be significantly weakened.

[0004] On the one hand, traditional SLM systems generally use a single Gaussian distributed laser beam, with its energy concentrated at the geometric center of the spot. The energy of a Gaussian beam is relatively concentrated, with higher energy at the center and lower energy at the edges, resulting in excessively high temperatures at the center and insufficient temperatures at the edges of the molten pool. This uneven energy distribution easily generates large temperature gradients and violent oscillations in the molten pool, thus significantly impacting the quality of the melting process, mainly in the following aspects: 1. Thermal stress concentration: On the one hand, the energy density is highest at the center of the Gaussian beam, generating a significant temperature gradient during the forming process, leading to residual stress and part deformation. On the other hand, a large temperature gradient and rapid solidification easily form coarse columnar crystals, which are prone to intergranular cracking and have poor toughness.

[0005] 2. Spheroidization effect: When the local temperature of the molten pool is too high, the molten pool vibrates violently. A large number of droplets break through the surface tension of the molten pool and splash onto the surface of the part, resulting in a spheroidization effect on the surface of the part, which greatly affects the surface quality.

[0006] 3. Pore defects: Excessively concentrated energy density at a single point causes rapid vaporization of metal powder, generating a large amount of gas. Asymmetrical energy distribution leads to unstable flow in the molten pool, making it difficult for gas to escape completely, resulting in increased porosity of the part.

[0007] On the other hand, for a light source with a static ring energy distribution after beam shaping, the lower laser intensity at the center of the ring beam will produce a shallower molten pool. This means that the melting rate of the previously deposited material will be reduced, which will greatly weaken the connection strength between metal layers and affect the quality of interlayer bonding. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides a method and system for controlling the dynamic distribution of Gaussian energy eccentricity in a beam using a SLM (Simultaneous Light-Mechanical Lamp) to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling the dynamic distribution of Gaussian energy eccentricity in a laser beam, which is achieved through a laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system based on a deformable mirror, wherein the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system includes a deformable mirror with a coma surface. The SLM control method for the dynamic distribution of the Gaussian energy eccentricity of the beam includes: By dynamically adjusting the reflecting surface using deformable mirrors and by using the principle of coma to change the wavefront phase gradient, a standard Gaussian distribution light source is shaped into an eccentric Gaussian distribution light source with the highest energy center shifted. By combining the high-speed dynamic changes of deformable mirrors, a light source with a dynamic energy distribution in which the energy center rotates at high speed around the edge of the light spot is generated, which adjusts the energy peak of the static distribution of the beam from the center to a dynamic ring distribution that can rotate along an eccentric radius at a set frequency.

[0010] Furthermore, the deformable reflector is used to modulate the wavefront parameters of the incident light beam through a real-time variable emitting mirror surface.

[0011] Furthermore, the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a laser, which provides a light source for powder melting.

[0012] Furthermore, the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a beam expander and collimator, which is used to adjust the beam to propagate closer to parallel, thereby reducing the beam spread during transmission.

[0013] Furthermore, the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a galvanometer system, which is used to control the laser beam to perform contour scanning on the processing plane.

[0014] Furthermore, the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a dynamic focusing system, which is used to calibrate the focal point position in real time so that the laser focal point tends to be consistent in the processing plane.

[0015] Furthermore, the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a focal plane, which is the processing plane where the laser focus is located.

[0016] Furthermore, the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a molten pool monitoring camera, which is used to monitor the molten pool status online.

[0017] Furthermore, the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a control system, which is used to coordinate and control other components of the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention provides a laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system based on a deformable mirror, which is used to realize the SLM control method for the dynamic distribution of Gaussian energy eccentricity of the beam as described above. The laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system includes: A laser, which is used to provide a light source for powder melting; A beam expander and collimator is used to adjust the beam to make it propagate nearly parallel, thereby reducing the spread of light spots during transmission. A deformable reflector, wherein the deformable reflector is used to modulate the wavefront parameters of an incident light beam through a reflective surface that can be changed in real time; A galvanometer system, wherein the galvanometer system is used to control the laser beam to perform contour scanning on the processing plane; A dynamic focusing system is used to calibrate the focus position in real time, so that the laser focus tends to be consistent in the processing plane; The focal plane is the processing plane where the laser focus is located. A molten pool monitoring camera, used for online monitoring of the molten pool status; A control system is provided for coordinating and controlling other components of the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system.

[0019] This invention provides a method and system for controlling the eccentric dynamic distribution of Gaussian energy in a laser beam using a laser fusion mirror. To address various process problems caused by laser energy distribution, this method utilizes a deformable mirror to dynamically adjust the reflecting surface and, using the principle of coma, alters the wavefront phase gradient, transforming a standard Gaussian distribution light source into an eccentric Gaussian distribution light source with its highest energy center offset. Combined with the high-speed dynamic changes of the deformable mirror, a light source with a dynamic energy distribution where the energy center rotates rapidly around the edge of the beam spot can be generated. The core improvement lies in adjusting the peak energy distribution of the static beam from the center to a dynamic annular distribution that can rotate at a set frequency along an eccentric radius, while maintaining the geometric shape of the overall outer contour of the beam spot during the energy center offset. The energy center within the beam rotates periodically along the circumference, combining the concentration of the Gaussian distribution with the uniformity of the annular distribution, aiming to optimize molten pool heat accumulation, reduce spheroidization effects, and improve molten pool stability, forming density, and forming accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This invention provides an energy distribution diagram within a light spot in a conventional technique. Figure 2 A structural diagram of a laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system based on a deformable mirror, provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the offset of the light spot on the focal plane provided by the present invention; Figure 4 The high-speed rotating eccentric Gaussian energy distribution diagram around the edge of the light spot provided by the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Laser; 2. Beam expander and collimator; 3. Deformable mirror; 4. Galvanometer system; 5. Dynamic focusing system; 6. Focal plane; 7. Molten pool monitoring camera; 8. Control system. Detailed Implementation

[0023] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the invention with unnecessary detail.

[0024] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0025] Furthermore, in the description of this invention and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of the invention include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. "A plurality" means "two or more."

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0028] This invention provides a method for achieving eccentric dynamic rotational distribution of Gaussian energy from a light source. This method utilizes the dynamic rotation of the eccentric energy center to create energy field flow, acting as a "micro-stirring" effect within the molten pool. This prevents excessive energy concentration, effectively improving molten pool stability while further enhancing the melting capacity at the bottom of the pool and improving interlayer bonding quality. It transforms the laser selective melting (SLM) process from "passive solidification" to "actively controlling molten pool flow and solidification," systematically optimizing the thermal-fluid-solid coupling physical field of the SLM process. This significantly improves molten pool stability and interlayer melting bonding, effectively avoiding process problems such as porosity, interlayer inclusions, cracks, thermal deformation, and surface spheroidization. Simultaneously, the enhanced molten pool stability broadens the process parameter window, reducing the reliance on precise parameter control in production.

[0029] In traditional techniques, the energy distribution within the light spot follows a Gaussian energy distribution law, meaning the energy center is located at the center of the light spot, such as... Figure 1As shown. This invention modulates the beam wavefront using a deformable mirror, adjusting the distribution of energy centers within the beam spot, transforming the original central Gaussian distribution into an eccentric Gaussian distribution. Combined with the periodic changes of the deformable mirror, the energy distribution within the beam spot exhibits a periodic, eccentric dynamic rotation. This invention designs a dynamic beam shaping system for laser selective melting based on a deformable mirror, as follows... Figure 2 As shown, it includes: 1. Laser: A light source for powder melting; 2. Beam expander and collimator: Adjusted to make the beam propagate nearly parallel, reducing beam spread during transmission; 3. Deformable reflector: The wavefront parameters of the incident light beam are modulated by a reflective surface that can be changed in real time; 4. Galvanometer system: Controls the laser beam to perform contour scanning on the processing plane; 5. Dynamic focusing system: Real-time calibration of the focal position ensures that the laser focus is consistent across the processing plane; 6. Focal plane: The processing plane where the laser focal point is located; 7. Molten pool monitoring camera: used for online monitoring of the molten pool status; 8. Control system: Used to coordinate and control the mechanical module, scanning control module, monitoring feedback module, and real-time light spot adjustment module of the equipment.

[0030] When a deformable mirror introduces a primary coma surface, the mirror surface is no longer a regular sphere. This is equivalent to changing the wavefront of the incident light beam. The angle at which rays at the edge of the beam are reflected differs slightly from the angle at which rays at the center of the beam are reflected. On the focal plane, this difference manifests as the central rays converging at the geometric center, while the edge rays converge to the sides. The final result of this superposition interference is a shift in the energy peak, while the overall geometric center of the light spot remains unchanged.

[0031] Assuming a laser beam with wavelength λ, after being adjusted for coma by a deformable mirror, has its energy center offset by a distance d and an offset angle θ on the focal plane (defined as the beam pointing to the right from the center point at 0°),... Figure 3 As shown), based on the paraxial approximation principle of Fourier optics and geometric optics, the general formulas for the Zernike coefficients A7 and A8 are derived as follows: 1. Geometric mapping: Converting the energy center displacement d within the focal plane into a beam deflection angle α. Let the deflection angle of the light beam relative to the optical axis be α (in radians). The relationship between the displacement of the energy center on the focal plane and the focal length f of the lens is as follows: According to the paraxial approximation principle of geometrical optics, at small angles: Formula 1 2. Physical Optics: Converting the beam angle α into the wavefront slope s Under the paraxial approximation, the direction of light propagation is determined by the direction of the wavefront's normal. The wavefront slope *s* is equal to the beam deflection angle *α*. Formula 2 Assuming the optical path difference generated by the reflection of the light beam from the deformable mirror surface corresponds to the wavefront phase delay φ, and the wavefront slope is the phase... Spatial derivative: Formula 3 3. Mode decomposition: Converting the wavefront slope s into Zernike coefficients A In standard Zernike polynomial ordering, Z7 represents the X-axis component of the primary coma (or horizontal coma). Z8 represents the Y-axis component of the primary coma (or vertical coma), then: Normalized pupil radius ρ: ρ∈[0,1], calculate its slope (derivative) at the pupil center (ρ→0), and find the partial derivative with respect to x for Z7: At the center (ρ→0): Similarly, the derivative of Z8 with respect to y is also at the center. 2, that is: Let A7 and A8 be Zernike coefficients (unit: wavelength λ), then the actual phase is: φ=A Z Substituting this into Equation 3, let S x The slope of the wavefront in the x-direction is: Formula 4 Similarly: Formula 5 4. Composite Vector: Convert the offset polar coordinates (d, θ) into rectangular coordinates with Zernike coefficients (A7, A8). Combining equations (1), (2), and (4), we get: Formula 6 X-axis component (corresponding to Z7): Y-axis component (corresponding to Z8): Substituting the components into equation (6), we obtain the final general coefficient formula: Formula 7 Formula 8 Because the deformable mirror is placed at a 45° angle, the incident light beam is compressed in the X direction of the mirror surface (cos45°). ≈0.7071). To ensure the beam senses the correct phase, the physical deformation of the deformable mirror needs to be amplified: Formula 9 Formula 10 Implementation steps for dynamic rotation of beam eccentricity distribution: Step 1: Around the circumference of the light spot, set n sets of offsets (d, θ1), (d, θ2)... (d, θ1) at different offset angles θ for the same offset distance d. n The Zernike coefficient (A) corresponding to each set of offsets is calculated based on formulas 9 and 10. 1 7, A 1 8), (A 2 7, A 2 8)......(A) n 7, A n 8).

[0032] Step 2: Set the dynamic change frequency and write a control program in the deformable mirror control software to make the deformable mirror dynamically change according to the n sets of offsets set in Step 1. This forms a high-speed rotating eccentric Gaussian energy distribution around the edge of the light spot, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0033] Step 3: Evaluate the stability of the molten pool based on the online molten pool monitoring platform, and combine it with the quality inspection of the formed parts to iteratively optimize the offset setting and dynamic change frequency.

[0034] The following is a description through specific embodiments.

[0035] Example The laser spot diameter is 100μm, the laser wavelength is 1064nm, and the energy distribution follows a Gaussian distribution. A deformable mirror is added to the optical path, placed at a 45° angle. After being reflected by the deformable mirror, the laser enters the focusing lens and finally reaches the focal plane with a focal length of 300mm. The direction from the center point to the right is defined as 0°. After adjustment by the deformable mirror, the laser energy center offset distance is required to be 25μm, with offset angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, 315°, and 360°, and a dynamic change frequency of 1kHz.

[0036] Based on the above settings, eight sets of offsets (d, θ) are obtained: (25μm, 0°), (25μm, 45°), (25μm, 90°), (25μm, 135°), (25μm, 180°), (25μm, 225°), (25μm, 270°), and (25μm, 315°). The Zernike coefficients obtained from Formulas 9 and 10 are shown in the table below. A program was written into the deformable mirror to dynamically change the mirror cyclically according to the eight sets of offsets in the table above, with a frequency of 1 kHz. This resulted in a laser beam with an offset energy center, which changed sequentially along the edge of the beam. This beam was constantly changing at high speed during the processing, ultimately forming a molten pool with the energy center "flowing" along the center of the beam, similar to the "micro-stirring" of a molten pool. The stability of the molten pool was significantly improved during the processing.

[0037] This invention incorporates a deformable mirror into the laser selective melting optical path. By utilizing the deformable mirror's ability to adapt to arbitrary curved surfaces, coma surface deformation is introduced into the optical path, causing the central Gaussian energy of the original beam to be converted into an off-center Gaussian energy distribution. Furthermore, the overall geometric shape of the light spot's outer contour does not change significantly during the energy center shift.

[0038] This invention provides a light source with a dynamic energy distribution of eccentric Gaussian energy distribution that rotates at high speed around the edge of a light spot. It transforms a series of static eccentric Gaussian energy distributions with the same offset but different offset angle radii into an eccentric Gaussian energy distribution that rotates dynamically around the edge of a light spot at a set frequency by utilizing the high-speed changing performance of a deformable emission mirror.

[0039] A high-speed, dynamically rotating, eccentric Gaussian energy distribution light source, driven by the continuous rotation of its dynamic energy center, generates controllable, directional forced convection within the molten pool, creating a "micro-stirring" effect similar to that of the molten pool. This change positively impacts the laser selective melting process through multiple coupling mechanisms. Thermodynamically, it disperses the concentrated high heat input into a dynamically rotating annular region, significantly reducing the peak temperature at the center of the molten pool and the overall radial temperature gradient, thereby reducing thermal stress at its source, resulting in lower residual stress and less part deformation. In terms of molten pool fluid dynamics, the rotating energy distribution introduces controllable, directional forced convection, which stabilizes the molten pool morphology and suppresses "spheroidizing" spatter caused by surface tension gradient instability. Simultaneously, the dynamic "stirring" effect promotes the escape of gas within the molten pool, effectively reducing porosity defects in the parts.

[0040] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the device and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0041] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the specific methods described above and shown in the figures. Furthermore, for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of known methods and techniques are omitted here.

[0042] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the dynamic distribution of Gaussian energy eccentricity in a beam using a SLM (Simultaneous Light Management System), characterized in that, This is achieved through a laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system based on a deformable mirror, the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system including a deformable mirror with a coma shape; The SLM control method for the dynamic distribution of the Gaussian energy eccentricity of the beam includes: By dynamically adjusting the reflecting surface using deformable mirrors and by using the principle of coma to change the wavefront phase gradient, a standard Gaussian distribution light source is shaped into an eccentric Gaussian distribution light source with the highest energy center shifted. By combining the high-speed dynamic changes of deformable mirrors, a light source with a dynamic energy distribution is generated, in which the energy center rotates at high speed around the edge of the light spot. This adjusts the energy peak of the static distribution of the beam from the center to a dynamic ring distribution that can rotate along an eccentric radius at a set frequency.

2. The SLM control method for the dynamic distribution of beam Gaussian energy eccentricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The deformable reflector is used to modulate the wavefront parameters of the incident light beam through a reflective surface that can be changed in real time.

3. The SLM control method for the dynamic distribution of beam Gaussian energy eccentricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a laser, which provides a light source for powder melting.

4. The SLM control method for the dynamic distribution of beam Gaussian energy eccentricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a beam expander and collimator, which is used to adjust the beam to propagate closer to parallel, thereby reducing the spread of the beam spot during transmission.

5. The SLM control method for the dynamic distribution of beam Gaussian energy eccentricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a galvanometer system, which is used to control the laser beam to perform contour scanning on the processing plane.

6. The SLM control method for the dynamic distribution of beam Gaussian energy eccentricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a dynamic focusing system, which is used to calibrate the focal point position in real time so that the laser focal point tends to be consistent in the processing plane.

7. The SLM control method for the dynamic distribution of beam Gaussian energy eccentricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a focal plane, which is the processing plane where the laser focus is located.

8. The SLM control method for the dynamic distribution of beam Gaussian energy eccentricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a molten pool monitoring camera, which is used to monitor the molten pool status online.

9. The SLM control method for the dynamic distribution of beam Gaussian energy eccentricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system also includes a control system, which coordinates and controls other components of the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system.

10. A dynamic beam shaping system for laser selective melting based on a deformable mirror, characterized in that, The SLM control method for realizing the dynamic distribution of beam Gaussian energy eccentricity as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system includes: A laser, which is used to provide a light source for powder melting; A beam expander and collimator is used to adjust the beam to make it propagate nearly parallel, thereby reducing the spread of light spots during transmission. A deformable reflector, wherein the deformable reflector is used to modulate the wavefront parameters of an incident light beam through a reflective surface that can be changed in real time; A galvanometer system, wherein the galvanometer system is used to control the laser beam to perform contour scanning on the processing plane; A dynamic focusing system is used to calibrate the focus position in real time, so that the laser focus tends to be consistent in the processing plane; The focal plane is the processing plane where the laser focus is located. A molten pool monitoring camera, used for online monitoring of the molten pool status; A control system is provided for coordinating and controlling other components of the laser selective melting dynamic beam shaping system.

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