Three main shaft arrangement structure and machining tool

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of metal cutting machine tools, in particular to a three-main-shaft arrangement structure and a machining machine tool, which are installed on the frame of a walking core machine and used for feeding and machining of rod materials, and comprise a first main shaft and a second main shaft. The first main shaft and the second main shaft are both hollow structures and can move along the feeding axis, the rod material can pass through the center holes of the first main shaft and the second main shaft, and the first main shaft, a clutch main shaft and the second main shaft are coaxially arranged in sequence from left to right in the axial direction of the feeding. The clutch main shaft is a hollow structure, the center hole of the clutch main shaft is coaxial with the center holes of the first main shaft and the second main shaft, the clutch main shaft can rotate synchronously with the first main shaft or the second main shaft, and the first main shaft and the second main shaft are driven to move along the feeding axis by independent linear modules. The application has the effects of improving the technical defects of single-end driving of the walking core machine, solving the problems of large torsional stress, serious radial movement and poor feeding stability of large-diameter materials during long-material machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of metal cutting machine tools, and in particular to a three-spindle arrangement structure and a machining tool thereof. Background Technology

[0002] The Swiss-type lathe, also known as a headstock-moving CNC lathe, was initially used for machining precision small parts for watches, instruments, and other products. After years of development, thanks to its high precision, high efficiency, and high automation, the Swiss-type lathe has been widely used in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace, medical devices, new energy vehicles, electronic communications, and precision hardware, becoming a core piece of equipment for the mass production of precision shaft parts.

[0003] The technological development of Swiss-type lathes has always revolved around four core objectives: "improving machining accuracy, enhancing machining efficiency, expanding machining range, and reducing production costs." Its spindle arrangement structure has gone through the following three main development stages: single spindle fixed guide sleeve structure, single spindle rotating guide sleeve structure, and parallel double spindle structure.

[0004] The Swiss-type lathes mentioned above are all based on the basic working principle of single-end drive and radial support, that is, the rod material is driven to rotate only by one end of the spindle, and the guide sleeve can only provide radial support and cannot transmit torque.

[0005] Regarding the aforementioned existing technology, the following problems are believed to exist:

[0006] When machining rods with a large length-to-diameter ratio, the rods will generate huge torsional stress and torsion angle under the action of single-end torque. This torsion will cause obvious radial movement and vibration during the cutting process, resulting in a significant decrease in machining accuracy and even "tool throwing" phenomenon, making normal machining impossible.

[0007] Furthermore, the traditional guide sleeve structure provides radial support to the rod material through manual locking and clearance fit. Its support force is limited and it cannot clamp the rod material. The weight of large-diameter materials causes excessive sag, which can lead to uneven wear of the guide sleeve, deviation of the rod material, or even collision accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to improve the technical defects of single-end drive of Swiss-type lathes and solve the problems of large torsional stress, severe radial movement and poor feeding stability of large diameter materials, this application provides a three-spindle arrangement structure and a machining tool.

[0009] The technical solution for the three-spindle arrangement structure and machining tool provided in this application is as follows:

[0010] A three-spindle arrangement structure is installed on the frame of a Swiss-type lathe for feeding and processing bar stock. It includes a first spindle and a second spindle. Both the first spindle and the second spindle are hollow structures and can move along the feeding axis. The bar stock can pass through the central holes of the first spindle and the second spindle. The first spindle, the clutch spindle and the second spindle are arranged coaxially from left to right along the feeding axis.

[0011] The clutch spindle has a hollow structure, and its central hole is coaxial with the central holes of the first spindle and the second spindle. The clutch spindle can clamp or release the rod material passing through its central hole.

[0012] The clutch spindle can rotate synchronously with the first spindle or the second spindle to jointly drive the rod material to rotate, forming a dual-end synchronous drive mode.

[0013] The frame is equipped with two independent linear modules for driving the first spindle and the second spindle to move along the feeding axis, respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the clutch spindle is a mechanical spindle, and a synchronous belt drive mechanism is provided between its input end and the rotating end of the first spindle to achieve rigid synchronous rotation with the first spindle.

[0015] Preferably, the synchronous belt drive mechanism includes a driving pulley, a first driven pulley, a second driven pulley, a third driven pulley, a first synchronous belt, a second synchronous belt, a first bearing housing, a second bearing housing, and a drive shaft. The driving pulley is connected to the rotating end of the first main shaft, the first driven pulley is connected to the input end of the clutch main shaft, the first bearing housing and the second bearing housing are both mounted on the frame, the drive shaft is connected between the bearings of the first bearing housing and the second bearing housing, the second driven pulley is slidably sleeved on the drive shaft via a key and a keyway, the third driven pulley is fixedly connected to the end of the drive shaft near the first driven pulley, the first synchronous belt is tensioned and wound between the driving pulley and the second driven pulley, and the second synchronous belt is tensioned and wound between the first driven pulley and the third driven pulley.

[0016] Preferably, the clutch spindle is an electric spindle with a built-in independent drive motor. The drive motor is electrically connected to the control system of the Swiss Army machine and can independently control the speed and direction of the clutch spindle to achieve synchronous rotation with the first spindle or the second spindle.

[0017] Preferably, both the first and second spindles are electric spindles with built-in drive motors, enabling high-speed rotation and precise indexing.

[0018] Preferably, both sets of linear modules are mounted on the frame, the two sets of linear modules are located on the same axis, and each set of linear modules has a mounting base connected to its movable seat. The first spindle and the second spindle are respectively mounted on their corresponding mounting bases.

[0019] A machining tool includes a frame and the aforementioned three-spindle arrangement structure, and also includes a control system, which is electrically connected to the first spindle, the clutch spindle, the second spindle, and the linear module, respectively, for controlling the coordinated operation of each component.

[0020] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0021] 1. This invention proposes a dual-end synchronous drive working mode for Swiss-type lathes. By using a clutch spindle and a first or second spindle to drive the rod to rotate, the torsional stress of the rod is evenly distributed between the two drive points, reducing the torsion angle and radial runout, and improving machining accuracy and surface quality.

[0022] 2. This invention replaces the traditional guide sleeve structure with a clutch spindle, which can not only provide radial support, but also transmit torque and axial thrust. Its clamping force is greater than that of the traditional guide sleeve support force, which can stably process large-diameter rods, expand the processing range of the Swiss-type lathe, and solve the problems of unstable feeding of large-diameter materials and difficulty in processing fine materials.

[0023] 3. The three-spindle coaxial arrangement structure of the present invention allows the front-end and rear-end processing of the workpiece to be performed completely in parallel. After the rod material completes the front-end processing under the joint drive of the first spindle and the clutch spindle, the second spindle moves directly to the left to receive and clamp the workpiece. After the cut-off blade cuts the workpiece off the rod material, the second spindle drives the workpiece to the right to perform the rear-end processing. There is no need for manual flipping and secondary clamping, which improves processing efficiency. In particular, the clutch spindle of the electric spindle version can independently control the speed and direction during the rear-end processing without the need for the first spindle to cooperate synchronously, further improving the flexibility and parallelism of processing. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-spindle arrangement structure and the machine tool in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-spindle arrangement structure and the machine tool in Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Frame; 2. First spindle; 3. Second spindle; 4. Clutch spindle; 5. Linear module; 51. Mounting base; 6. Synchronous belt drive mechanism; 61. Driving pulley; 62. First driven pulley; 63. Second driven pulley; 64. Third driven pulley; 65. First synchronous belt; 66. Second synchronous belt; 67. First bearing housing; 68. Second bearing housing; 69. Drive shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or specific orientational structure and operation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] This application discloses a three-spindle arrangement structure and a machining tool.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The three-spindle arrangement structure disclosed in this embodiment is installed on the frame 1 of the Swiss-type lathe and is used for feeding and processing rods. A first spindle 2, a clutch spindle 4 and a second spindle 3 are arranged coaxially from left to right along the feeding axis. The first spindle 2, the clutch spindle 4 and the second spindle 3 are all hollow structures with their central holes arranged coaxially, and the rods can pass through the central holes of the first spindle 2, the clutch spindle 4 and the second spindle 3 in sequence.

[0033] The first spindle 2, clutch spindle 4, and second spindle 3 mentioned in this article are all existing spindles in Swiss-type lathes. This invention does not make any improvements to them, so the specific structures will not be described in detail.

[0034] Two independent linear modules 5 are fixedly installed on the frame 1. The two linear modules 5 are located on the same axis and extend along the material feeding axis. Each linear module 5 has a mounting base 51 fixedly connected to its movable seat. The first spindle 2 and the second spindle 3 are respectively fixedly installed on the corresponding mounting base 51, thereby realizing the independent movement of the first spindle 2 and the second spindle 3 along the material feeding axis.

[0035] Both the first spindle 2 and the second spindle 3 are high-precision electric spindles with built-in drive motors, enabling high-speed rotation and precise indexing. Both are also equipped with C-axis indexing function, achieving high indexing accuracy.

[0036] The clutch spindle 4 is a mechanical spindle, which is fixedly installed on the frame 1 through a high-precision bearing seat. It is located between the first spindle 2 and the second spindle 3. The clutch spindle 4 realizes the clamping or releasing of the rod material, and the maximum clamping force is not less than 5000N.

[0037] A synchronous belt drive mechanism 6 is provided between the input end of the clutch spindle 4 and the rotating end of the first spindle 2 to achieve rigid synchronous rotation between the clutch spindle 4 and the first spindle 2. The synchronous belt drive mechanism 6 includes a driving pulley 61, a first driven pulley 62, a second driven pulley 63, a third driven pulley 64, a first synchronous belt 65, a second synchronous belt 66, a first bearing housing 67, a second bearing housing 68, and a drive shaft 69. The driving pulley 61 is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the front rotating end of the first spindle 2 by a flat key, and rotates and moves axially synchronously with the first spindle 2. The first driven pulley 62 is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the rear input end of the clutch spindle 4 by a flat key, and rotates synchronously with the clutch spindle 4. The first bearing housing 67 and the second bearing housing 68 are fixedly mounted on the frame 1 at intervals along the material feeding axis, located below the first spindle 2 and the clutch spindle 4. The two ends of the drive shaft 69 are rotatably connected to the first bearing housing 67 and the second bearing housing 68 respectively through deep groove ball bearings. The axis of the drive shaft 69 is parallel to the axis of the first main shaft 2. The second driven pulley 63 is slidably sleeved on the drive shaft 69 through the cooperation of a flat key and a keyway. It can slide along the axial direction of the drive shaft 69, but remains circumferentially fixed with the drive shaft 69 and rotates synchronously. The third driven pulley 64 is fixedly connected to the end of the drive shaft 69 near the first driven pulley 62 through a flat key and rotates synchronously with the drive shaft 69. The first synchronous belt 65 is tensioned and wound between the driving pulley 61 and the second driven pulley 63, transmitting the rotational motion of the first main shaft 2 to the second driven pulley 63. The second synchronous belt 66 is tensioned and wound between the first driven pulley 62 and the third driven pulley 64, transmitting the rotational motion of the drive shaft 69 to the clutch main shaft 4.

[0038] When the first main shaft 2 moves along the material feeding axis, the driving pulley 61 moves synchronously with the first main shaft 2, and drives the second driven pulley 63 to slide along the transmission shaft 69 axially through the first synchronous belt 65, thereby ensuring that the first synchronous belt 65 always remains taut, and the rotational motion can be continuously and without gaps transmitted from the first main shaft 2 to the clutch main shaft 4 to achieve rigid synchronous rotation.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] Reference Figure 3 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment one is that the clutch spindle 4 is an electric spindle with an independent drive motor built in. The stator of the drive motor is fixedly connected to the body of the clutch spindle 4, and the rotor is fixedly connected to the rotating part of the clutch spindle 4. The drive motor is electrically connected to the control system of the Swiss Army machine, and can independently control the speed and direction of the clutch spindle 4 to achieve electric step rotation with the first spindle 2 or the second spindle 3, with fast synchronous response time.

[0041] This embodiment omits the synchronous belt drive mechanism 6, resulting in a simpler structure and more flexible control. During the final processing stage, the clutch spindle 4 can independently adjust its speed and direction according to processing requirements, eliminating the need for synchronous coordination with the first spindle 2, further improving the parallelism and efficiency of processing.

[0042] This application also discloses a machining tool, including a frame 1 and the three-spindle arrangement structure described in any of the above embodiments, and a control system. The control system adopts a high-performance CNC system and is electrically connected to the first spindle 2, the clutch spindle 4, the second spindle 3, and the linear module 5 respectively, for controlling the coordinated operation of each component.

[0043] The machining tool also includes a tool set, which includes a front tool post and a back tool post. The front tool post is fixedly installed on the frame 1 between the first spindle 2 and the clutch spindle 4 and is used to cut the front end of the bar material. The back tool post is fixedly installed on the frame 1 between the clutch spindle 4 and the second spindle 3 and is used to cut the rear end of the workpiece. The tool set is existing technology and this invention does not improve upon it, so it will not be described in detail.

[0044] The implementation principle of a three-spindle arrangement structure and machining tool according to the embodiments of this application is as follows:

[0045] Material preparation: The feeding mechanism feeds the entire rod into the center hole of the first spindle 2 from the left until the front end of the rod extends out of the right end face of the first spindle 2. The clamping mechanism of the first spindle 2 clamps the rod, the elastic clamping mechanism of the clutch spindle 4 is in the released state, and the second spindle 3 is in the initial position at the far right.

[0046] Feeding and positioning: Driven by the left linear module 5, the first spindle 2 moves to the right along the feeding axis, sending the front end of the rod to the processing position of the front tool holder. Then, the elastic clamping mechanism of the clutch spindle 4 clamps the rod to complete the feeding and positioning.

[0047] Front-end machining: The control system controls the first spindle 2 and the clutch spindle 4 to rotate synchronously, jointly driving the rod to rotate, forming a double-end synchronous drive mode. Various tools on the front tool holder sequentially perform cutting operations such as turning, milling, drilling, and tapping on the front end of the rod. During this process, because the rod is driven synchronously by two driving points, the torsional stress is evenly distributed, the radial movement is minimal, and the machining accuracy and surface quality are significantly improved.

[0048] Workpiece receiving and cutting: After the front end of the rod is processed, the second spindle 3 moves to the left under the drive of the right linear module 5 until its front end face is tightly connected with the front end face of the rod. The clamping mechanism of the second spindle 3 clamps the front end of the workpiece, and then the cutting knife on the front tool holder cuts the workpiece off the rod.

[0049] Rear-end machining: After cutting, the second spindle 3 moves the workpiece to the right to the machining position of the back tool post. The clutch spindle 4 keeps the rear end of the workpiece clamped. At this time, depending on the structure of the clutch spindle 4, there are two working modes:

[0050] Mechanical spindle mode (Example 1): The first spindle 2 remains in a rotating state and drives the clutch spindle 4 to rotate synchronously through the synchronous belt transmission mechanism 6. The clutch spindle 4 and the second spindle 3 drive the workpiece to rotate synchronously, and the tool on the back tool holder performs cutting processing on the rear end of the workpiece.

[0051] Electric spindle mode (Example 2): The first spindle 2 stops rotating and releases the remaining rod material, preparing to feed the next workpiece. The clutch spindle 4 is autonomously controlled to rotate by its built-in drive motor, synchronously driving the workpiece to rotate with the second spindle 3. The tool on the back tool holder performs cutting processing on the rear end of the workpiece.

[0052] At this stage, the rod material cannot be repeatedly clamped, and both ends can be processed in a single operation, thus improving production efficiency.

[0053] Unloading: After the rear end of the workpiece is processed, the second spindle 3 and the clutch spindle 4 are released at the same time, and the workpiece falls into the receiving device below under the action of gravity, completing the processing cycle of one workpiece.

[0054] When the remaining rod material is insufficient for processing, perform the following feeding steps:

[0055] Clutch spindle 4 clamps the remaining rod material;

[0056] The first main shaft 2 releases the rod material and moves to the leftmost end under the drive of the left linear module 5;

[0057] The feeding mechanism pushes the bar forward a set length;

[0058] The first spindle 2 re-clamps the rod material;

[0059] The clutch spindle 4 releases the material, completing one feeding cycle.

[0060] Repeating steps 2-7 above will enable continuous automated processing. Since the clutch spindle 4 is used for intermediate clamping and feeding, there is no need to reserve clamping allowance at the end of the rod, and the entire rod can be processed, thus solving the problem of waste of tail material.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-spindle arrangement structure, mounted on the frame (1) of a Swiss-type lathe, for feeding and processing bar stock, comprising a first spindle (2) and a second spindle (3), wherein the first spindle (2) and the second spindle (3) are both hollow structures and can move along the feeding axis, and the bar stock can pass through the central holes of the first spindle (2) and the second spindle (3), characterized in that: The first main shaft (2), the clutch main shaft (4), and the second main shaft (3) are coaxially arranged from left to right along the material feeding axis. The clutch spindle (4) is a hollow structure, and its central hole is coaxial with the central holes of the first spindle (2) and the second spindle (3). The clutch spindle (4) can clamp or release the rod material passing through its central hole. The clutch spindle (4) can rotate synchronously with the first spindle (2) or the second spindle (3) to drive the rod material to rotate together, forming a dual-end synchronous drive mode; The frame (1) is provided with two independent linear modules (5) for driving the first spindle (2) and the second spindle (3) to move along the feeding axis respectively.

2. The three-spindle arrangement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clutch spindle (4) is a mechanical spindle, and a synchronous belt drive mechanism (6) is provided between its input end and the rotating end of the first spindle (2) to achieve rigid synchronous rotation with the first spindle (2).

3. The three-spindle arrangement structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The synchronous belt drive mechanism (6) includes a driving pulley (61), a first driven pulley (62), a second driven pulley (63), a third driven pulley (64), a first synchronous belt (65), a second synchronous belt (66), a first bearing housing (67), a second bearing housing (68), and a drive shaft (69). The driving pulley (61) is connected to the rotating end of the first main shaft (2), the first driven pulley (62) is connected to the input end of the clutch main shaft (4), and the first bearing housing (67) and the second bearing housing (68) are both mounted on the frame (1). The drive shaft (69) is connected between the bearings of the first bearing housing (67) and the second bearing housing (68). The second driven pulley (63) is slidably sleeved on the drive shaft (69) through a key and a keyway. The third driven pulley (64) is fixedly connected to the end of the drive shaft (69) near the first driven pulley (62). The first synchronous belt (65) is tensioned and wound between the driving pulley (61) and the second driven pulley (63). The second synchronous belt (66) is tensioned and wound between the first driven pulley (62) and the third driven pulley (64).

4. The three-spindle arrangement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clutch spindle (4) is an electric spindle with an independent drive motor built in. The drive motor is electrically connected to the control system of the Swiss Army machine and can independently control the speed and direction of the clutch spindle (4) to achieve synchronous rotation with the first spindle (2) or the second spindle (3).

5. A three-spindle arrangement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spindle (2) and the second spindle (3) are both electric spindles with built-in drive motors, which can achieve high-speed rotation and precise indexing.

6. The three-spindle arrangement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both sets of linear modules (5) are mounted on the frame (1). The two sets of linear modules (5) are located on the same axis. Each set of linear modules (5) has a mounting base (51) connected to its movable seat. The first spindle (2) and the second spindle (3) are respectively mounted on the corresponding mounting base (51).

7. A machining tool, characterized in that: The system includes a frame (1) and the three-spindle arrangement structure as described in any one of claims 1-6, and also includes a control system, which is electrically connected to the first spindle (2), the clutch spindle (4), the second spindle (3), and the linear module (5) respectively, and is used to control the coordinated operation of each component.

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