A guiding device for curved deep holes

Abstract

The application discloses a curved surface deep hole guiding device, relates to the technical field of deep hole machining, and comprises a base platform, a rotary support mechanism, a first stand column, a second stand column and a guide sleeve assembly. The rotary support mechanism is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the middle part of the base platform. The first stand column and the second stand column are vertically fixedly arranged on the left and right sides of the upper surface of the base platform respectively. The guide sleeve assembly is correspondingly installed at the top of the two stand columns and is used for providing radial constraint for a drill rod. The application further comprises a multifunctional integrated guide pipe assembly, an integrated valve island and a curved surface deep hole intelligent control system. The multifunctional integrated guide pipe assembly is a coaxial nested composite pipeline structure and is arranged along the side wall of the stand column. The upper end of the multifunctional integrated guide pipe assembly is connected to an annular distribution cavity of the guide sleeve assembly, and the lower end of the multifunctional integrated guide pipe assembly is connected to the integrated valve island arranged on the side of the base platform. The multifunctional integrated guide pipe assembly realizes multifunctional reuse of the same guide pipe under different machining conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of deep hole machining technology, specifically to a guiding device for curved deep holes. Background Technology

[0002] Deep hole machining is widely used in the manufacturing of curved workpieces in industries such as tire molds, aerospace housings, and pressure vessels. The deep holes of such workpieces are mostly distributed along the normal or oblique direction of the curved surface. The hole depth-to-diameter ratio is large, and the drill rod overhang length continues to increase with the hole depth. During the machining process, bending deformation and self-excited vortex are easily generated, resulting in hole axis deviation and poor hole wall surface finish, which seriously affects the performance of the product.

[0003] Currently, conventional curved deep hole guiding devices mostly adopt a purely mechanical rigid guide sleeve structure, which relies solely on the metal bushing to radially limit the drill rod. This results in limited vibration reduction and deviation suppression capabilities, as well as a single guiding function. For different processing conditions, separate cooling and chip removal pipelines, air-sealed dustproof pipelines, and lubrication pipelines are usually required. The pipelines are complex and prone to interference. It is impossible to achieve multi-functional reuse through a single set of conduits. The device has low integration and is not conducive to upgrading and modifying existing equipment.

[0004] In addition, most existing guiding devices are passive rigid constraints, lacking the ability to sense working conditions and adapt to adjustment. They cannot dynamically adjust the strength of the guiding support according to the real-time vibration state of the drill rod, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the differentiated needs of efficient chip removal in roughing and high precision and low residue in finishing, thus restricting further improvement in the quality and efficiency of deep hole machining on curved surfaces. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a guiding device for curved deep holes to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a guiding device for curved deep holes, comprising a base platform, a rotary support mechanism, a first column, a second column, and a guide sleeve assembly. The rotary support mechanism is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the middle part of the base platform. The first column and the second column are respectively vertically fixed on the left and right sides of the upper surface of the base platform. The guide sleeve assembly is correspondingly installed on the top of the two columns to provide radial constraint for the drill rod. It also includes a multi-functional integrated conduit assembly, an integrated valve island, and a curved deep hole intelligent control system. The multi-functional integrated conduit assembly is a coaxial nested composite pipeline structure, arranged along the side wall of the column. Its upper end is connected to the annular distribution cavity of the guide sleeve assembly, and its lower end is connected to the integrated valve island on the side of the base platform. The integrated valve island integrates multiple sets of fluid control valves and detection elements. Each set of valves is electrically connected to the curved deep hole intelligent control system. The curved deep hole intelligent control system is used to switch the medium passage of the integrated valve island according to the processing scenario, control the multi-functional integrated conduit assembly to output the corresponding working medium, and realize the multi-functional reuse of the same conduit under different processing conditions.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, the multifunctional integrated conduit assembly includes, from the inside out, a main channel for cutting fluid, a compressed air channel, a micro-lubricating oil mist channel, and a detection sensor cable channel, with the outermost layer covered by a wear-resistant protective sleeve; each channel is independent of the others and the media do not mix with each other, corresponding to the four functions of cooling and chip removal, air curtain dust prevention, micro-lubrication, and detection assistance, respectively.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the guide sleeve assembly includes a guide base, a replaceable wear-resistant bushing, and an annular sealed distribution cavity. An annular fitting gap is left between the wear-resistant bushing and the drill pipe. After the high-pressure cutting fluid is injected into the annular sealed distribution cavity through the multi-functional integrated conduit assembly, it is squeezed into the annular fitting gap to form a pressure-bearing liquid film that circumferentially wraps the drill pipe.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the integrated valve island integrates a high-pressure coolant solenoid valve, a compressed air proportional valve, a micro-lubricant metering valve, and a pressure sensor, which are used to regulate the on / off state of each medium channel, as well as the output pressure and flow rate.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the intelligent control system for deep holes on curved surfaces includes a host computer process planning module, a servo drive module, a vibration acquisition module, an attitude compensation module, and a guide tube control module. The system has a built-in multi-scenario process database and pre-stores processing parameter packages for different types of curved workpieces and corresponding guide tube working modes.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the vibration acquisition module is used to collect the three-dimensional vibration signal and drill rod runout in the guide sleeve assembly area in real time. When the vibration amplitude exceeds the preset threshold, the attitude compensation module reduces the drilling feed rate and spindle speed. At the same time, the guide tube control module increases the cutting fluid supply pressure through the integrated valve island to strengthen the radial support force of the liquid film to suppress drill rod runout.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, each of the first and second columns is equipped with an independent guide sleeve assembly and a drilling execution unit. The two units can operate independently on one side or work together on both sides. When working together on both sides, the curved surface deep hole intelligent control system controls the entry and exit phases of drilling on both sides to be staggered to avoid the superposition of cutting forces in the same phase, which would cause system resonance.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: The present invention is provided with a multifunctional integrated conduit assembly. The four coaxial channels of the conduit assembly are independent of each other, and the media flowing through each channel do not mix with each other. It can be flexibly combined according to the actual needs of the processing scenario. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Base platform; 2. Rotary support mechanism; 3. First column; 4. Second column; 5. Multifunctional integrated conduit assembly; 6. Guide sleeve assembly; 7. Drilling execution unit; 51. Main channel for cutting fluid; 52. Compressed air channel; 53. Micro-lubricating oil mist channel; 54. Detection sensor cable channel; 55. Wear-resistant protective sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a guiding device for curved deep holes, comprising a base platform 1, a rotary support mechanism 2, a first column 3, a second column 4, a multifunctional integrated conduit assembly 5, a guide sleeve assembly 6, a drilling execution unit 7, an integrated valve island, and a curved deep hole intelligent control system. The rotary support mechanism 2 is installed on the upper surface of the middle part of the base platform 1. The first column 3 and the second column 4 are respectively vertically fixed on the left and right sides of the upper surface of the base platform 1. The top of each column is provided with an installation reference surface. The guide sleeve assembly 6 and the drilling execution unit 7 are installed on the reference surface. The multifunctional integrated conduit assembly 5 is arranged along the side wall of the column, with one end connected to the annular cavity of the guide sleeve assembly 6 and the other end connected to the integrated valve island on the side of the base platform 1. The integrated valve island is electrically connected to the curved deep hole intelligent control system, and the control system uniformly schedules the pipeline on / off and medium parameters.

[0017] The base platform 1 is an integral welded box structure with reserved fluid channels and cable routing space inside. Several adjustable leveling support casters are installed at the bottom. During the machining of curved deep holes, the drilling reaction force is large and the vibration is strong. The bending and torsional stiffness of the box section is significantly higher than that of the plate structure, which can effectively attenuate the vibration of the base and provide a stable reference platform for the guiding device. At the same time, the internal cavity can integrate chip removal pipelines and valve groups to reduce the number of external pipelines.

[0018] The slewing support mechanism 2 adopts a large-diameter slewing bearing paired with a servo-driven indexing mechanism. A T-slot tooling flange is set on the upper end face for clamping the curved workpiece to be processed. Curved workpieces such as tire molds and aircraft shells have large diameters and heavy weights. The large-diameter slewing bearing can provide higher overturning moment bearing capacity and ensure coaxial accuracy when the workpiece is rotated and indexed.

[0019] The first column 3 and the second column 4 are rectangular cross-section vertical columns with a box-type structure reinforced by stiffeners. The mounting reference surface at the top of the column is precision ground. On the one hand, it can realize alternating processing on both sides, shortening the indexing waiting time of large workpieces. On the other hand, for large-diameter rotating workpieces, the symmetrical arrangement of the double-sided guide drilling units can make the slewing bearing bear the force even, reducing the overturning deformation caused by unilateral cutting force. Moreover, the two columns have completely identical structures and are interchangeable.

[0020] The multi-functional integrated conduit assembly 5 is a coaxial nested composite pipeline, which includes, from the inside out: a cutting fluid main channel 51, a compressed air channel 52, a micro-lubricating oil mist channel 53, and a detection sensor cable channel 54. The outermost layer is covered with a wear-resistant protective sleeve 55. One end of the conduit is connected to the annular distribution cavity of the guide sleeve assembly 6 through a quick-connect connector, and the other end is connected to the integrated valve island. A single composite pipe replaces the traditional four independent pipelines, which greatly reduces the number of pipelines around the column and avoids interference from multiple pipelines during rotation. At the same time, the coaxial layout isolates each medium channel from each other and prevents them from interfering with each other. The outer sleeve provides uniform protection, which improves the durability of the pipeline in complex processing environments.

[0021] The main cutting fluid channel 51 is connected to a storage structure filled with high-pressure cutting fluid. When high-pressure cutting fluid is needed, it is pressurized and sprayed upwards. The compressed air channel 52 is connected to an air pump. The air pump blows air through the compressed air channel 52. The micro-lubricating oil mist channel 53 is connected to a storage structure filled with lubricating oil. When lubricating oil mist is needed, it is pressurized and sprayed upwards. The detection sensor cable channel is used to lay detection sensor cables.

[0022] The integrated valve island integrates a high-pressure coolant solenoid valve, a compressed air proportional valve, a micro-lubrication metering valve, and a pressure sensor. Each valve group is connected to the curved deep-hole intelligent control system. All fluid control valve groups are integrated into one place on the side of the base, which facilitates inspection and maintenance, shortens the pipeline distance from the valve group to the actuator, and improves the medium pressure response speed.

[0023] The intelligent control system for curved deep holes includes a host computer process planning module, a servo drive module, a vibration acquisition module, an attitude compensation module, and a guide tube control module. The system has a built-in multi-scenario process database and pre-stores processing parameter packages and guide tube mode configurations for typical workpieces.

[0024] Example 1: This example is applicable to the deep hole drilling process on the radially distributed inner curved surface of the large engineering tire vulcanizing mold. The workpiece is clamped on the upper flange surface of the rotary support mechanism 2.

[0025] The tire mold workpiece to be processed is locked and fixed on the upper flange of the slewing support mechanism 2 by T-bolts; the leveling support casters at the bottom of the base platform 1 are adjusted, and the flatness of the base is calibrated by a level. The tilt of the base will cause the verticality deviation of the column, which will cause the axis of the guide sleeve to deviate from the radial normal of the workpiece, affecting the uniformity of air outlet of the mold vent.

[0026] When the deep hole intelligent control system selects the rough drilling scenario of the tire mold, the system automatically switches the conduit to the cooling and chip removal main mode, that is, the main channel 51 of the cutting fluid is opened, and the other channels are in standby mode.

[0027] The rotary support mechanism 2 drives the tire mold workpiece to rotate in an indexing manner. First, the first hole to be machined on the curved surface of the mold is aligned with the drilling spindle above the first column 3. After the spindle starts, the drill rod feeds along the normal direction of the curved surface. Throughout the deep hole machining process, the guide sleeve assembly 6 continuously restricts the radial displacement of the drill rod tip to prevent the drill rod from whirling or wobble. After all, as the hole is drilled deeper, the length of the drill rod that is overhanging outside will become longer and longer, which can easily cause bending deformation. The guide sleeve provides rigid support at the position of the drill rod near the cutting end, which can significantly increase the critical speed of the drill rod and effectively suppress machining vibration, ultimately ensuring that the drilled hole has qualified straightness. While the drill rod is feeding and drilling, the high-pressure cutting fluid enters the annular cavity of the guide sleeve through the main cutting fluid channel 51 of the multi-functional integrated conduit assembly 5, and then flows continuously into the deep hole along the gap between the outer wall of the drill rod and the guide bushing. This washes away the chips at the bottom of the hole and carries away the heat generated by cutting. Compared with the internal cooling chip removal method of traditional gun drills, this structure does not require machining internal cooling holes on the drill rod. Ordinary standard deep hole drill rods can be directly modified and used. Moreover, while supplying fluid from the outer wall of the drill rod, it can also lubricate the friction pair of the guide part and reduce the wear of the guide bushing.

[0028] After a single hole is machined, the drill rod will return to its initial position, and the rotary support mechanism 2 will rotate through the corresponding angle to align the next hole to be machined with the drilling spindle. The above drilling process will be repeated. The double column layout can achieve drilling on one side and indexing and alignment on the other side in advance, which can effectively shorten the auxiliary preparation time and improve the overall processing efficiency.

[0029] In the process planning stage before formal machining, the 3D model of the tire mold is first imported into the host computer. The system automatically identifies the coordinate position of all air holes on the curved surface, calculates the normal direction of each hole, and then generates the indexing angle sequence of the slewing bearing and the corresponding drilling feed process parameter table. At the same time, it matches the pressure and flow parameters corresponding to the cooling chip removal mode of the guide tube. After entering the formal machining stage, the system enters a real-time monitoring state. The accelerometer installed on the guide sleeve will collect vibration data in the X / Y / Z directions in real time through the vibration acquisition module. The attitude compensation module will also read the real-time rotation angle of the slewing bearing and the feed depth of the drill rod. The system will continuously compare the real-time measured vibration amplitude with the pre-set threshold. When the drill rod enters the middle section of the deep hole and the vibration amplitude exceeds the threshold, it is determined that the drill rod is about to enter the critical state of eddy instability. At this time, the system will automatically slow down the feed speed and at the same time, the guide tube control module will increase the cutting fluid pressure. After the pressure increases, a high-pressure liquid film will form in the guide gap, generating an additional hydrodynamic pressure support effect, which, together with the rigid guide sleeve, limits the radial sway of the drill rod and further enhances the vibration reduction effect. After all holes have been machined, the guide tube will automatically switch to compressed air purging mode. The compressed air channel 52 will blow away the chips and liquid remaining on the guide sleeve and drill rod surface, preventing the guide pair from grinding with debris the next time it starts up, which would cause abnormal wear of the parts.

[0030] In response to the characteristics of large depth, large number, and uniform precision requirements of the curved surface air holes in tire molds, this device improves processing efficiency through rotary indexing and alternating processing with double columns. It ensures the straightness of the holes by relying on the dual effects of rigid constraint of the guide sleeve and high-pressure liquid film auxiliary support. A single set of guide tubes can simultaneously handle cooling and chip removal during processing and cleaning after processing.

[0031] Example 2: This example is applicable to the drilling of oblique deep holes on the outer wall of workpieces with rotating curved surfaces such as launch vehicle shells and aero-engine casings. This type of machining has very strict requirements for hole coaxiality and hole wall quality.

[0032] Before processing, the aerospace rotating shell to be processed is positioned using special tooling and installed on the upper end face of the rotating support mechanism 2. The accuracy of the spatial angle of the inclined deep hole depends entirely on the rotational accuracy of the workpiece. If the rotation axis is skewed, the spatial angle of all inclined holes will have a systematic deviation, which will not meet the form and position tolerance requirements of aerospace products.

[0033] At the top of the first column 3 and the second column 4, an independent guide sleeve assembly 6 and a drilling execution unit 7 can be installed. The two units can work independently or work in sync. The drill rod passes through the guide sleeve at a preset angle, and the guide sleeve will support the drill rod in sections to limit the drill rod from deforming and bending in the radial direction.

[0034] At this time, the multi-functional integrated conduit assembly 5 switches to a combined air curtain protection and cooling mode: clean compressed air is continuously introduced into the compressed air channel 52, forming a ring-shaped air curtain barrier at the outlets at both ends of the guide sleeve; at the same time, the main cutting fluid channel 51 supplies fluid synchronously to cool and remove chips from the inside of the inclined deep hole; the reason for setting this air curtain is that when machining the outer curved surface of the aerospace shell, dust and chips in the external environment can easily penetrate into the guide sleeve through the opening, causing abnormal abrasive wear of the guide bushing; while the positive pressure barrier formed by the air curtain can effectively block foreign objects from entering, extend the service life of the guide bushing, and does not interfere with the cutting fluid channel.

[0035] During the machining process, the slewing support mechanism 2 rotates continuously in angular increments, and in conjunction with the axial feed motion of the drilling execution unit 7, it can complete the continuous machining of multiple sets of inclined deep holes in the circumferential direction of the housing. When the two columns operate synchronously, the drilling units on both sides cut symmetrically, and the reaction force generated by the cutting can cancel each other out to reduce the overturning load borne by the slewing support.

[0036] After the single-row hole is machined, the guide tube will automatically switch to the detection auxiliary mode: the ultrasonic detection probe built into the detection sensor cable channel 54 will extend to the hole opening with the guide tube, and the compressed air channel 52 will send out low-speed clean air to act as the sound conduction medium to assist in completing the online ultrasonic detection of the hole inner wall; if cutting fluid remains in the hole after machining, a cleaning process is required for conventional liquid immersion detection; however, this air-coupled ultrasonic detection does not require a liquid contact medium and can be directly integrated with the machining station to complete machining and detection in one step.

[0037] The operating logic of the entire control system is also fully compatible with the high-precision requirements of aerospace processing: first, the shell surface model is imported into the host computer, a cylindrical coordinate system is established, the spatial azimuth and tilt angle of each inclined deep hole are calculated, and the linkage interpolation trajectory of the rotary support servo and the drilling spindle servo is generated. During processing, the displacement sensor mounted on the guide sleeve monitors the change in the gap between the drill rod and the guide bushing in real time. If the gap suddenly increases in a short period of time, it indicates that the drill rod is bending or the bushing is abnormally worn. The system will immediately reduce the speed and issue an alarm. When the dual-column synchronous mode is activated, the control system sets phase difference timing control for the two sets of guide drilling units, so that the entry and exit times of the drill bits on both sides are staggered to prevent the vibration frequencies on both sides from merging and causing resonance. If the drilling on both sides is completely synchronized, the periodic cutting force will be superimposed in the same direction, which will excite the resonance mode of the column and the base, seriously affecting the drilling accuracy. After setting the phase difference, the cutting forces can cancel each other out to a certain extent, reducing the overall vibration level of the system. At the same time, the guide tube control module will automatically switch between the air curtain cooling composite mode and the detection assistance mode according to the processing rhythm, so as not to slow down the processing progress due to switching of pipelines. In response to the high precision and strict cleanliness requirements of deep inclined holes in aerospace shells, this system can simultaneously achieve three functions—air curtain dust prevention, cooling chip removal, and detection medium delivery—with just one set of conduits, eliminating the need for multiple additional sets of pipelines. In addition, it features multiple designs such as dual-column symmetrical cutting to reduce overturning deformation and phase difference control to suppress resonance.

[0038] Example 3: This example is mainly applicable to the reaming and boring of pre-fabricated bottom holes of curved workpieces such as spherical heads of pressure vessels and shells of spherical tanks. The cutting allowance for this type of machining is usually very small, but the requirements for the smoothness of the inner wall of the hole and the straightness of the axis are extremely high. In addition, a large amount of cutting fluid is not allowed to remain on the hole wall to avoid affecting subsequent welding and flaw detection operations.

[0039] During machining, the spherical head workpiece is fixed on the rotary support mechanism by a special chuck. The multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment of the rotary support ensures that the axis of the hole to be machined is strictly aligned with the axis of the drilling spindle. Due to the small allowance for hole enlargement, if the axis is eccentric, it will result in insufficient cutting allowance on one side. Not only will it be unable to correct the deviation of the bottom hole itself, but in severe cases, it will also enlarge the hole to an off-center position, directly causing the workpiece to be scrapped.

[0040] Before machining, the reamer or reamer needs to be passed through the guide sleeve assembly at the top of the column to ensure that the guide shank of the tool fits precisely with the guide bushing. Under finishing conditions, the cutting force is small and the rigidity of the tool itself is relatively weak. The size of the guide clearance directly determines the radial wobble of the tool. Only when the clearance is small enough can the roundness and straightness of the machined hole meet the precision requirements.

[0041] During processing, the multi-functional integrated conduit assembly switches to micro-lubrication mode, shutting off the main channel for high-flow cutting fluid and replacing it with a micro-lubricating oil mist channel. This micro-lubricating oil mist, in the form of an oil-air mixture, delivers a very small amount of lubricating oil mist to the guide sleeve and the hole wall. This lubrication method is used because the deep holes in high-pressure vessels will subsequently undergo radiographic testing and welding. A large amount of cutting fluid remaining on the hole wall will interfere with the testing results and is not conducive to ensuring welding quality. The oil film formed by the micro-lubricating oil mist is particularly thin and will evaporate on its own, providing sufficient lubrication to the guide pair and cutting area without leaving any liquid residue on the hole wall.

[0042] After machining is started, the spindle runs at a low speed, and the tool slowly feeds along the pre-drilled hole to complete the reaming. Throughout the process, the guide sleeve provides high-precision radial limit for the tool to prevent radial movement of the tool during finishing and to prevent grooves from being shaken out on the hole wall. After the finishing of a single hole is completed, the guide tube will automatically switch to compressed air purging mode, and dry and clean air will be introduced from the compressed air channel to blow away the trace amount of oil mist remaining on the inner wall of the hole, ensuring that the hole wall is dry and clean, and meeting the pre-requisite requirements for subsequent flaw detection and welding.

[0043] The entire control system is designed around the high-precision requirements of finishing. Firstly, in the finishing parameter retrieval stage, the control system retrieves the spherical head finishing parameter package from the process database, sets the cutting parameters for low speed and micro-feed, and automatically matches the oil mist concentration and supply frequency for the guide tube's micro-lubrication mode. Secondly, in the micro-vibration monitoring stage, the vibration acquisition module focuses on detecting high-frequency micro-vibrations of the guide sleeve. The vibration threshold for finishing is much lower than that for roughing. Once the vibration amplitude exceeds the standard, it is determined that the tool has a tendency to chatter, and the system immediately reduces the spindle speed and increases the oil mist supply frequency, further enhancing the precision. Sufficient lubricating oil film can improve the damping characteristics of the guide friction pair, and increasing the system damping ratio can suppress high-frequency micro-vibration and avoid the formation of vibration marks on the hole wall; the third is the guide wear warning link. The system will continuously record the cumulative working time of the guide bushing and track the changing trend of vibration characteristics. When the overall rise of the vibration baseline exceeds the set value, it is determined that the guide bushing has worn out, and an early warning reminder will be output to avoid batch scrapping during finishing; finally, there is the cyclic indexing machining link. After a single hole is machined and cleaned, the rotary support mechanism will move to the next hole position and automatically repeat the above finishing process.

[0044] For the special requirements of high pressure vessels, such as small allowance for deep hole finishing, high surface finish, and no liquid residue, the micro-lubrication mode can meet the needs of lubrication and friction reduction while avoiding liquid residue. The automatic purging after processing can ensure that the hole wall is dry. One set of guide tubes can realize the dual functions of lubrication and cleaning in the finishing scenario, perfectly adapting to the special process constraints of pressure vessels.

[0045] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A guiding device for curved deep holes, comprising a base platform (1), a rotary support mechanism (2), a first column (3), a second column (4), and a guide sleeve assembly (6), characterized in that, The rotary support mechanism (2) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the middle part of the base platform (1). The first column (3) and the second column (4) are respectively vertically fixed on the left and right sides of the upper surface of the base platform (1). The guide sleeve assembly (6) is installed on the top of the two columns to provide radial constraint for the drill rod. It also includes a multi-functional integrated conduit assembly (5), an integrated valve island, and a curved deep hole intelligent control system. The multi-functional integrated conduit assembly (5) is a coaxial nested composite pipeline structure, which is arranged along the side wall of the column. Its upper end is connected to the annular distribution cavity of the guide sleeve assembly (6), and its lower end is connected to the integrated valve island on the side of the base platform (1). The integrated valve island integrates multiple sets of fluid control valves and detection elements. Each set of valves is electrically connected to the curved deep hole intelligent control system. The curved deep hole intelligent control system is used to switch the medium passage of the integrated valve island according to the processing scenario, control the multi-functional integrated conduit assembly (5) to output the corresponding working medium, and realize the multi-functional reuse of the same conduit under different processing conditions.

2. The guiding device for a curved deep hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multifunctional integrated conduit assembly (5) includes, from the inside out, a main channel for cutting fluid (51), a compressed air channel (52), a micro-lubricating oil mist channel (53), and a detection sensor cable channel (54), with the outermost layer covered by a wear-resistant protective sleeve (55). Each channel is independent of the others and the media do not mix with each other, corresponding to the four functions of cooling and chip removal, air curtain dust prevention, micro-lubrication, and detection assistance, respectively.

3. The guiding device for a curved deep hole according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide sleeve assembly (6) includes a guide base, a replaceable wear-resistant bushing, and an annular sealed distribution cavity. An annular fitting gap is left between the wear-resistant bushing and the drill pipe. After the high-pressure cutting fluid is injected into the annular sealed distribution cavity through the multi-functional integrated conduit assembly (5), it is squeezed into the annular fitting gap to form a pressure-bearing liquid film that circumferentially wraps the drill pipe.

4. The guiding device for a curved deep hole according to claim 3, characterized in that, The integrated valve island integrates a high-pressure coolant solenoid valve, a compressed air proportional valve, a micro-lubricant metering valve, and a pressure sensor, which are used to regulate the on / off state of each medium channel, as well as the output pressure and flow rate.

5. The guiding device for a curved deep hole according to claim 4, characterized in that, The intelligent control system for deep holes on curved surfaces includes a host computer process planning module, a servo drive module, a vibration acquisition module, an attitude compensation module, and a guide tube control module. The system has a built-in multi-scenario process database and pre-stores processing parameter packages for different types of curved workpieces and corresponding guide tube working modes.

6. The guiding device for a curved deep hole according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vibration acquisition module is used to acquire the three-dimensional vibration signal and drill rod sway in the area of ​​the guide sleeve assembly (6) in real time. When the vibration amplitude exceeds the preset threshold, the attitude compensation module lowers the drilling feed speed and spindle speed. At the same time, the guide tube control module increases the cutting fluid supply pressure through the integrated valve island to strengthen the radial support force of the liquid film to suppress the drill rod sway.

7. The guiding device for a curved deep hole according to claim 6, characterized in that, The guide sleeve assembly (6) and the drilling execution unit (7) are detachably installed on the top of the first column (3) and the second column (4).

8. The guiding device for a curved deep hole according to claim 7, characterized in that, Workpiece clamping and benchmark calibration steps: clamp and fix the workpiece with curved surface deep hole machining requirements on the upper flange of the rotary support mechanism (2); adjust the leveling mechanism of the base platform (1) and calibrate the overall horizontal benchmark of the device; assemble the drill rod or tool into the guide sleeve assembly (6) at the top of the column and confirm that the guide clearance meets the working conditions. Scene recognition and process planning steps: The operator selects the processing scene on the human-machine interface of the surface deep hole intelligent control system. The host computer loads the corresponding workpiece surface 3D model, extracts the spatial coordinates and surface normal vectors of all deep holes to be processed, generates the rotary support indexing sequence and drilling feed parameter table, and automatically matches the guide pipe working mode. The reason for automatically matching the guide pipe mode is to avoid errors caused by manually switching the pipeline mode, and because different scenarios have large differences in the requirements for medium pressure and flow rate, system-level matching ensures process consistency.

9. A guiding device for a curved deep hole according to claim 8, characterized in that, Processing start-up and multi-system synchronization steps: Start the drilling spindle, and the rotary support mechanism (2) drives the workpiece to index and align; while the drill rod is fed, the integrated valve island connects the corresponding medium channel according to the preset mode, the guide tube enters the working state, and the vibration acquisition module starts monitoring synchronously; The adaptive compensation steps for the guiding state are as follows: The control system compares the vibration acquisition signal, the guide gap data and the preset threshold in real time; when the drill pipe sway or vibration amplitude exceeds the threshold, the attitude compensation module reduces the feed speed and spindle speed, and at the same time the guide control module adjusts the pressure and flow rate of the corresponding medium. The vibration is suppressed by the damping effect of liquid film or oil film. Simple mechanical guidance is limited by structural rigidity, while the fluid medium pressure can be steplessly adjusted and can be superimposed on rigid guidance as a flexible compensation means, further broadening the operating condition adaptability range of the device.

10. A guiding device for a curved deep hole according to claim 9, characterized in that, Single hole completion and station switching steps: After the single hole is completed, the drill rod retracts and the guide tube automatically switches to the purging mode to clean the guide area and the residue inside the hole; the rotary support mechanism (2) rotates to the next hole position and repeats the drilling process until all deep holes on the curved surface are completed. Finishing and health assessment steps: After all processes are completed, the control system summarizes the guide vibration data, hole position accuracy data and guide tube operation data of this processing, outputs a processing quality report, and conducts a health assessment of the guide bushing wear status and guide tube sealing status, and provides maintenance suggestions.

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