A splash-proof laser processing device for special-shaped part processing

Abstract

The present application relates to laser cutting processing technical field, especially to a kind of splash-proof laser processing equipment for special-shaped part processing, including processing table, the top surface of the processing table is equipped with the fixed disc for carrying special-shaped part, the top of the processing table is equipped with three-axis moving mechanism, laser cutting head is assembled on the three-axis moving mechanism, further comprising: positioning assembly, ring is in the inside of fixed disc, the positioning assembly includes two groups of oil storage pipes symmetrically arranged in fixed disc, the inner wall of the oil storage pipe is connected with several side pipes along radial direction, piston plate is slidably assembled in the oil storage pipe, the present application extrudes hydraulic oil in the oil storage pipe by piston plate, oil pressure pushes the push rod in each side pipe to extend, clamping head is close to workpiece with push rod and self-adapting rotation and adheres to special-shaped part profile, after all clamping head adheres to workpiece, electric push rod continues to advance, oil pressure jacks the jack rod and compresses second spring, block is embedded clamping head slot and locks rotation freedom, prevent clamping head deflection when processing, workpiece shakes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting technology, and in particular to an anti-splash laser processing device for processing irregularly shaped parts. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cutting uses a high-energy laser beam to precisely cut alloy materials. The laser beam is focused onto the surface of the alloy material, which is rapidly heated to the melting or boiling point, thereby melting and vaporizing the material to complete the cutting process. Laser cutting can meet the processing requirements of complex shapes and high quality. Before cutting some irregularly shaped workpieces, the workpieces to be processed are also relatively irregular in shape, and irregularly shaped workpieces are not easy to be limited and cut.

[0003] A search revealed CN212761742U, which discloses a three-dimensional laser cutting device for irregularly shaped sheet metal parts. The device includes a collecting base and a first mounting plate. Slide rails are fixedly connected to both sides of the upper surface of the first mounting plate. A second mounting plate is slidably connected to the upper end of each slide rail. Several fixing mechanisms are evenly spaced on the upper surface of the second mounting plate, and cleaning holes are uniformly distributed throughout it. A second baffle is fixedly connected to the outer end of the second mounting plate. A connecting layer connects the first mounting plate and the collecting base. A slot is formed at the upper end of the first mounting plate, located between the two slide rails and communicating with the interior of the connecting layer.

[0004] However, the device only has a fixed single-sided baffle plate on the side of the processing table, and it is a simple straight plate structure. On the one hand, its shielding range is limited, and it can only block a very small portion of the molten slag that happens to be directly aligned with the baffle plate. On the other hand, the large amount of high-temperature molten metal chips and sparks generated by laser cutting will splash out in multiple directions at multiple angles during the cutting process. A single straight plate cannot form an effective enclosure, which can easily burn the surface of the equipment and cables, causing equipment damage. It may also directly splash onto the operators, causing serious burn accidents and posing a serious threat to production safety.

[0005] In view of this, we have studied and improved the existing problems and provided an anti-splash laser processing equipment for processing irregularly shaped parts. The aim is to solve the problems and improve the practical value through this technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and to propose an anti-splash laser processing equipment for processing irregularly shaped parts.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a laser processing device for processing irregularly shaped parts with anti-splash capabilities, comprising a processing table, a fixed plate for supporting the irregularly shaped parts on the top surface of the processing table, a three-axis moving mechanism above the processing table, a laser cutting head mounted on the three-axis moving mechanism, and further comprising: A positioning assembly is arranged around the inner side of a fixed disk. The positioning assembly includes two sets of oil storage tubes symmetrically arranged in the fixed disk. Several side tubes are radially connected to the inner wall of the oil storage tubes. A piston plate is slidably assembled inside the oil storage tubes. A push rod is slidably inserted inside the side tubes. The outer end of the push rod is rotatably connected to a clamping head that can adaptively conform to the outer contour of the irregular part. A first spring is provided between the push rod and the inner wall of the corresponding side tube. A telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the side of the piston plate. A sealing plate for cutting off the internal flow channel of the side tube is fixed on the outer wall of the telescopic rod. An anti-splash assembly is arranged inside the fixed plate around the processing area of ​​the irregular part. The anti-splash assembly includes four sets of arc-shaped tubes evenly distributed along the circumference of the fixed plate. Each set of arc-shaped tubes is equipped with a nozzle. An air pump is provided on the outside of the fixed plate. The air pump is connected to the arc-shaped tubes through an air supply pipe. The air pump outputs high-pressure gas and sprays it through the nozzle to form an annular protective air curtain that blocks high-temperature welding slag. An adjustment component, located between the positioning component and the anti-splash component, can synchronously adjust the spray angle of one of the sets of arc-shaped tubes fitted with nozzles as the telescopic rod slides.

[0008] Preferably, the three-axis moving mechanism includes two sets of electric slides fixed on the processing table. The moving ends of the two sets of electric slides are jointly supported by a gantry frame. A moving crossbeam is slidably mounted on the gantry frame. A lifting guide rail is provided on the moving crossbeam. The laser cutting head is fixedly installed on the lifting moving end of the lifting guide rail.

[0009] Preferably, an electric push rod is fixedly mounted on the processing table, and a connecting block is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the electric push rod. A C-shaped rod is fixedly mounted on the connecting block, and the two ends of the C-shaped rod extend into the interior of two sets of oil storage pipes and are fixedly connected to the end face of the piston plate.

[0010] Preferably, the outer wall of the clamping head is provided with a slot, and the inside of the push rod is provided with a locking structure. The locking structure cooperates with the slot to rotate and lock the clamping head.

[0011] Preferably, the locking structure includes a push rod that slides along the axial direction of the push rod, a locking block is fixed at one end of the push rod facing the slot, and a second spring is provided between the push rod and the end of the push rod, wherein the elastic coefficient of the first spring is smaller than the elastic coefficient of the second spring.

[0012] Preferably, the laser cutting head is provided with a guide ring that can be raised and lowered synchronously, and the guide ring has several ventilation holes opened in the circumferential direction on its side wall. The laser cutting head is equipped with a light-shielding and protective structure on its outer side.

[0013] Preferably, the light-shielding protection structure includes a light shield that moves synchronously with the laser cutting head, a limiting rod is fixedly provided on the fixed plate, the two sides of the light shield are slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the limiting rod, a movable plate is slidably provided in the inner cavity of the light shield, and the movable plate is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the laser cutting head.

[0014] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes a floating frame that is slidably installed along the vertical direction of the fixed disk. The floating frame and the adjustable tilt nozzle are both fixed with hinge seats. The two hinge seats are connected by a rotating rod. A transmission assembly for driving the floating frame to rise and fall is provided on one side of the fixed disk.

[0015] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a rotating shaft rotatably mounted inside the processing table, multiple sets of cams are fixed to the outer wall of the rotating shaft, the bottom surface of the floating frame abuts against the cam wheel surface, a rack is fixed to the outer wall of the telescopic rod, and a gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and the gear meshes with the rack for transmission.

[0016] Preferably, the fixed plate has an arc-shaped material drop groove that runs through the top and bottom, and a dust collection box for collecting dust and impurities is slidably installed inside the processing table.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention uses a piston plate to squeeze hydraulic oil in the oil storage pipe. The oil pressure pushes the push rods in each side pipe to extend. The clamping head moves closer to the workpiece with the push rod and adaptively rotates to fit the contour of the irregular part. The reaction force of the workpiece causes the corresponding push rod to stop feeding. After all the clamping heads are in contact with the workpiece, the electric push rod continues to advance. The hydraulic pressure pushes the push rod to compress the second spring. The locking block is embedded in the clamping head slot to lock the rotational degree of freedom, preventing the clamping head from deflecting and the workpiece from shaking during processing. When the piston plate moves to the limit, the telescopic rod drives the sealing plate to cut off the side pipe oil circuit. The hydraulic oil is sealed and pressure is maintained, locking the position of the push rod and the clamping head. The entire process is multi-point flexible adaptive clamping, which greatly improves the positioning stability of irregular parts and avoids workpiece displacement during cutting and welding.

[0018] 2. This invention uses a three-axis mechanism consisting of an electric slide, a moving crossbeam, and a lifting guide rail to adjust the position and height of the laser cutting head, adapting to the processing of various irregular curved surfaces. When the cutting head moves downwards, it simultaneously moves a light shield to cover the processing area, blocking scattered laser light and protecting the operator's eyesight. Simultaneously, the air pump is activated, and high-pressure gas is ejected through an arc-shaped nozzle, forming an annular air curtain around the workpiece, blocking high-temperature welding slag splashes and preventing equipment damage, workpiece contamination, and safety accidents. The guide ring at the lower end of the cutting head moves downwards accordingly, its air vent aligning with the annular air curtain. The airflow converges into the guide ring and sprays downwards, constructing a double-layer airflow barrier, significantly improving the slag interception capability. The low-temperature airflow continuously washes over the high-temperature processing area, rapidly dissipating heat and preventing localized overheating deformation and oxidation of the workpiece, effectively ensuring the quality of irregularly shaped parts.

[0019] 3. This invention uses a high-pressure airflow from an air pump to blow away dust and impurities from the surface of irregularly shaped parts. Waste material falls into the dust collection box through the arc-shaped discharge chute of the fixed plate, avoiding porosity and inclusion defects in the molten pool. When the workpiece is clamped, the telescopic rod drives the rack to move horizontally, and the floating frame is lifted by the gear, rotating shaft, and cam. The nozzle is rotated upward by 30 degrees through the hinge seat and rotating rod, and the four sets of nozzles spray airflow evenly, forming a complete annular air curtain around the workpiece, blocking high-temperature welding slag from splashing. After processing, the positioning component and the transmission mechanism are reset synchronously, and the nozzle returns to the downward tilted 30-degree position, continuously blowing airflow to sweep the workpiece, quickly removing welding residual heat, uniformly cooling the workpiece, and preventing high-temperature residue from causing stress deformation and surface oxidation and blackening. The dust removal, anti-spatter, and cooling processes are automatically switched with the clamping action. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the positioning component of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the oil storage pipe of the present invention; Figure 4 This is one of the partial structural schematic diagrams of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the anti-splash component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light shield structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the laser cutting head of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention (third one). Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjustment component of the present invention; Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 Enlarged structural diagram of section A.

[0021] Legend: 1. Processing table; 2. Fixed plate; 3. Electric slide table; 4. Gantry frame; 5. Moving crossbeam; 6. Lifting guide rail; 7. Laser cutting head; 81. Oil reservoir pipe; 811. Side pipe; 82. Piston plate; 83. Push rod; 84. Clamping head; 841. Slot; 85. Top rod; 851. Clamping block; 86. Telescopic rod; 861. Sealing plate; 87. Electric push rod; 88. Connecting block; 89. C-shaped rod; 91. Arc-shaped tube; 92. Nozzle; 93. Air pump; 94. Air supply pipe; 95. Limiting rod; 96. Light shield; 97. Moving plate; 98. Guide ring; 101. Floating frame; 102. Hinge seat; 103. Rotating rod; 104. Rotating shaft; 105. Cam; 106. Rack; 107. Gear; 11. Dust collection box. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: See Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a laser processing device for processing irregularly shaped parts with anti-spatter properties, including a processing table 1. The top surface of the processing table 1 is provided with a fixed plate 2 for supporting the irregularly shaped parts. A three-axis moving mechanism is provided above the processing table 1, and a laser cutting head 7 is mounted on the three-axis moving mechanism. It also includes a positioning component, which is arranged around the inner side of the fixed plate 2. The positioning component includes two sets of oil storage pipes 81 symmetrically arranged in the fixed plate 2. The inner wall of the oil storage pipes 81 is connected to several side pipes 811 radially. A piston plate 82 is slidably mounted in the oil storage pipes 81. A push rod 83 is slidably inserted in the side pipes 811. The outer end of the push rod 83 is rotatably connected to a clamping head 84 that can adaptively conform to the outer contour of the irregularly shaped parts. A first [missing information] is provided between the push rod 83 and the inner wall of the corresponding side pipe 811. A spring and a telescopic rod 86 are fixedly connected to the side of the piston plate 82. A sealing plate 861 for cutting off the internal flow channel of the side pipe 811 is fixed on the outer wall of the telescopic rod 86. The three-axis moving mechanism includes two sets of electric slides 3 fixed on the processing table 1. The moving ends of the two sets of electric slides 3 are jointly supported by a gantry frame 4. A moving crossbeam 5 is slidably mounted on the gantry frame 4. A lifting guide rail 6 is provided on the moving crossbeam 5. The laser cutting head 7 is fixedly installed on the lifting moving end of the lifting guide rail 6. An electric push rod 87 is fixedly mounted on the processing table 1. A connecting block 88 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric push rod 87. A C-shaped rod 89 is fixedly provided on the connecting block 88. The two ends of the C-shaped rod 89 extend into the interior of the two sets of oil storage pipes 81 and are fixedly connected to the end face of the piston plate 82. In this embodiment, the operator first places the irregularly shaped part to be processed inside the fixed plate 2, and then activates the electric push rod 87. The telescopic end of the electric push rod 87 extends outward and drives the C-shaped rod 89 to slide along the axial direction of the oil reservoir 81 through the connecting block 88. This sliding action drives the piston plate 82 to squeeze the pre-charged hydraulic oil in the oil reservoir 81. The pressurized hydraulic oil enters the interior of each side pipe 811 through the pipeline and applies axial thrust to the push rod 83 in the side pipe 811. Since the preload of the first spring is less than that of the second spring, each push rod 83 extends independently from the side pipe 811 under hydraulic action, and at the same time drives the clamping head 84 at its end to move toward the irregularly shaped part. The second spring causes the top rod 85 and its connected locking block 851 to follow the clamping head 84 synchronously. When the clamping head 84 contacts the outer wall of the irregularly shaped part, it can rotate freely according to the local contour of the outer wall until... When fully attached, the irregular part exerts a reverse force on the clamping head 84. This force is transmitted to the push rod 83, causing its feed motion to stop. As the remaining clamping heads 84 sequentially complete their contact with the outer wall of the irregular part, all push rods 83 stop advancing due to the resistance of their respective irregular parts. At this time, the shaped rod 89 continues to maintain its displacement under the drive of the electric push rod 87, increasing the hydraulic oil's thrust on the top rod 85 and driving the locking block 851 towards the slot 841. During this process, the second spring is compressed and stores energy until the locking block 851 is embedded in the slot 841 to form a locking engagement, thereby rigidly limiting the rotational freedom of the clamping head 84. This effectively prevents the clamping head 84 from deflecting due to the reaction force of the irregular part, ensuring that each clamping point forms a stable and definite clamping posture against the outer wall of the irregular part, and avoiding shaking or positional displacement of the irregular part during subsequent processing.

[0024] The outer wall of the clamping head 84 is provided with a slot 841, and the push rod 83 is provided with a locking structure. The locking structure cooperates with the slot 841 to rotate and lock the clamping head 84. The locking structure includes a push rod 85 that slides along the axial direction of the push rod 83. A locking block 851 is fixed at one end of the push rod 85 facing the slot 841. A second spring is provided between the push rod 85 and the end of the push rod 83. The elastic coefficient of the first spring is smaller than that of the second spring.

[0025] Additionally, it should be noted that the C-shaped rod 89 slides further under the continuous drive of the electric push rod 87. When the extension end of the telescopic rod 86 moves to the limit position at the piston plate 82, the entire telescopic rod 86 is pushed and causes the sealing plate 861 to slide. Each sealing plate 861 completely cuts off the internal flow path of the corresponding side pipe 811, so that the hydraulic oil acting on the push rod 83 and the top rod 85 is locked in the closed cavity and cannot continue to flow or depressurize. This allows the clamping head 84 to maintain stable clamping of the irregular part, further improving the stability of the clamping head 84 in clamping the irregular part.

[0026] Example 2: See Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the anti-spatter assembly is arranged inside the fixed plate 2 around the processing area of ​​the irregular part. The anti-spatter assembly includes four sets of arc-shaped tubes 91 evenly distributed around the circumference of the fixed plate 2. Each set of arc-shaped tubes 91 is equipped with a nozzle 92. An air pump 93 is provided on the outside of the fixed plate 2. The air pump 93 is connected to the arc-shaped tubes 91 through an air supply pipe 94. The air pump 93 outputs high-pressure gas, which is sprayed through the nozzles 92 to form an annular protective air curtain that blocks high-temperature welding slag. A guide ring 98 that can be raised and lowered synchronously is fixed on the outer circumference of the laser cutting head 7. Several air vents are opened on the side wall of the guide ring 98 along the circumference. A light-shielding protection structure is provided on the outside of the laser cutting head 7. The light-shielding protection structure includes a light shield 96 that rises and falls synchronously with the laser cutting head 7. A limiting rod 95 is fixed on the fixed plate 2. The two sides of the light shield 96 are slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the limiting rod 95. A movable plate 97 is slidably provided in the inner cavity of the light shield 96. The movable plate 97 is fixedly sleeved on the outer circumference of the laser cutting head 7.

[0027] In this implementation scheme, after the irregular part is clamped and fixed by the positioning component, the operator can adjust the spatial position of the laser cutting head 7 according to the processing requirements of the complex contour of the workpiece itself, relying on the three-axis moving structure composed of the electric slide table 3, the moving crossbeam 5 and the lifting guide rail 6. This allows for flexible adjustment of the processing point and processing height of the laser cutting head 7, adapting to the cutting and processing requirements of various irregular parts with complex curved surfaces and irregular contours. As the laser cutting head 7 moves downwards towards the workpiece welding and cutting area, it simultaneously moves the light shield 96 downwards as well. Once the light shield 96 reaches the processing point, it covers the welding area. The light shield 96's own light-shielding structure isolates the strong light scattered outwards during laser cutting, preventing strong light radiation and avoiding eye strain and visual damage to the operator, thus providing safety protection. Simultaneously with the downward movement of the light shield 96, the air pump 93 is activated, generating high pressure. The protective gas is delivered to the four sets of arc-shaped tubes 91 via the gas supply pipe 94. The gas is finally sprayed outward from the nozzles 92 matched with each set of arc-shaped tubes 91. All nozzles 92 are arranged at the same height and the nozzles are kept at the same level. The high-pressure gas sprayed outward can form a closed annular protective gas curtain around the welding area inside the fixed plate 2. The airflow barrier of the gas curtain intercepts the high-temperature molten welding slag that bursts out instantaneously during laser cutting, restricts the welding slag from splashing outward, prevents the high-temperature welding slag from splashing and burning the equipment components and contaminating the workpiece surface, and avoids the safety hazards caused by the splashed welding slag. As the laser cutting head 7 moves downward, it also drives the guide ring 98 to move downward synchronously. When the laser cutting head 7 reaches the standard welding processing position, the openings around the guide ring 98 will be at the same horizontal height as the protective air curtain formed by the nozzle 92. The airflow ejected by the nozzle 92 can flow into the internal channel of the guide ring 98 and continue to spray downward. The downward-extending airflow can form a double-layer airflow barrier structure on the basis of the original annular air curtain, further enhancing the interception effect of welding molten slag and metal spatter. At the same time, the high-speed flowing low-temperature airflow will continuously flush the high-temperature welding area, quickly remove the large amount of heat accumulated in the welding operation, reduce the local instantaneous high temperature of the workpiece, and avoid defects such as deformation, oxidation, and ablation of the workpiece due to local overheating, thus stabilizing the processing and forming quality of irregular parts.

[0028] Example 3: See Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the adjustment component is located between the positioning component and the anti-splash component. The adjustment component can synchronously adjust the spray angle of the nozzle 92 assembled on one of the sets of arc-shaped tubes 91 as the telescopic rod 86 slides. The adjustment assembly includes a floating frame 101 that is slidably installed along the vertical direction of the fixed plate 2. Both the floating frame 101 and the adjustable tilt nozzle 92 are fixed with hinge seats 102. The two hinge seats 102 are hinged and driven by a rotating rod 103. A transmission assembly for driving the floating frame 101 to rise and fall is provided on one side of the fixed plate 2. The transmission assembly includes a rotating shaft 104 that is rotatably assembled inside the processing table 1. Multiple sets of cams 105 are fixed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 104. The bottom surface of the floating frame 101 abuts against the wheel surface of the cams 105. A rack 106 is fixed on the outer wall of the telescopic rod 86. A gear 107 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 104. The gear 107 meshes with the rack 106 for transmission. The surface of the fixed plate 2 has an arc-shaped material drop groove that runs through the top and bottom. A dust collection box 11 for collecting dust and impurities is slidably arranged inside the processing table 1.

[0029] In this implementation scheme, before the initial stage of laser cutting is carried out, the nozzles 92 of a set of arc-shaped tubes 91 are kept at a downward tilt of 30 degrees. The airflow output by the air pump 93 and delivered to the arc-shaped tubes 91 through the air supply pipe 94 will blow directly onto the surface of the irregular part placed in the fixed plate 2 along the tilted nozzles 92. The continuously flowing high-pressure airflow can sweep away the dust and processing impurities attached to the outer wall of the workpiece and blow the impurities to the inner side of the fixed plate 2. The impurities collected by the airflow will slide down naturally along the through arc groove reserved on the surface of the fixed plate 2 and finally be collected in the dust collection box 11. This prevents dust and impurities from participating in the molten pool reaction during the welding process, effectively reduces processing defects such as weld porosity and inclusions, and ensures the welding quality of the irregular part. When the positioning component completes the workpiece locking operation, the telescopic rod 86 will simultaneously generate a sliding displacement. During the movement of the telescopic rod 86, the rack 106 will be pulled to move synchronously. Relying on the transmission structure of the rack 106 and the gear 107 meshing with each other, the rack 106 drives the gear 107 to rotate. During the rotation of the gear 107, the coaxially connected rotating shaft 104 and cam 105 will rotate synchronously, so that the cam 105 pushes the floating frame 101 upward, causing the floating frame 101 to rise vertically along the fixed plate 2. When the floating frame 101 rises, it drives the hinge seat 102 to move upward synchronously. Then, the lifting torque is transmitted through the rotating rod 103, pulling the nozzle 92, which was originally tilted downward by 30 degrees, to rotate upward by 30 degrees. After the adjustment, this group of nozzles 92 can maintain the same horizontal height and nozzles as the remaining three groups of nozzles 92 on the arc tubes 91. The four groups of nozzles 92 can work together to spray airflow to form a complete annular protective air curtain around the welding area of ​​the fixed plate 2. Relying on the continuous airflow barrier, the high-temperature welding slag is blocked from splashing outward. After all welding processes are completed, the positioning components such as electric push rod 87, telescopic rod 86, and push rod 83 synchronously complete the reset action, and the clamping head 84 is released, releasing the clamping constraint on the irregular part. The transmission mechanism composed of synchronous rack 106, gear 107, and cam 105 is reset in the reverse direction, and the previously leveled single set of nozzles 92 returns to the initial angle of downward tilt of 30 degrees. The air pump 93 continuously supplies airflow, and the airflow output by the tilted nozzle 92 evenly covers the entire surface of the irregular part. The high-speed flowing low-temperature airflow can quickly remove the large amount of residual heat accumulated inside the workpiece after welding, and achieve uniform cooling of the high-temperature irregular part, avoiding problems such as stress deformation and surface oxidation discoloration caused by prolonged local high temperature of the workpiece.

[0030] Working principle: When the electric actuator 87 is activated, its telescopic end extends outward and drives the U-shaped rod 89 to slide along the axis of the oil reservoir 81 via the connecting block 88. This sliding action causes the piston plate 82 to compress the pre-charged hydraulic oil in the oil reservoir 81. The pressurized hydraulic oil enters the interior of each side pipe 811 through the pipeline and applies axial thrust to the push rod 83 inside the side pipe 811. Under hydraulic action, each push rod 83 extends out of the side pipe 811, simultaneously driving its end... The clamping head 84 moves toward the irregular part. When the clamping head 84 contacts the outer wall of the irregular part, it can rotate freely according to the local contour of the outer wall until it is completely attached. At this time, the shaped rod 89 continues to maintain displacement under the drive of the electric push rod 87, so that the hydraulic oil increases the thrust on the push rod 85 and drives the locking block 851 to move toward the slot 841 until the locking block 851 is embedded in the slot 841 to form a locking engagement, thereby rigidly limiting the rotational freedom of the clamping head 84. When the telescopic end of the telescopic rod 86 moves to the limit position of the piston plate 82, the entire telescopic rod 86 is pushed and the sealing plate 861 slides, and each sealing plate 861 completely cuts off the internal flow path of the corresponding side pipe 811. As the laser cutting head 7 moves downwards toward the workpiece welding and cutting area, the laser cutting head 7 will simultaneously move the light shield 96 downwards. After the light shield 96 follows the processing head to the processing point, it can cover the welding operation area. At the same time as the light shield 96 moves downwards, the air pump 93 is started. The air pump 93 generates high-pressure protective gas and delivers it to the four sets of arc tubes 91 through the gas delivery pipe 94. The gas is finally sprayed outwards from the nozzles 92 matched with each set of arc tubes 91. During the downward movement of the laser cutting head 7, the guide ring 98 will also move downward synchronously. When the laser cutting head 7 reaches the standard welding processing position, the openings around the guide ring 98 will be at the same horizontal height as the protective air curtain formed by the nozzle 92. The airflow ejected by the nozzle 92 can flow into the internal channel of the guide ring 98 and continue to spray downward. The downward-extending airflow can form a double-layer airflow barrier structure on the basis of the original annular air curtain. In the initial stage before laser cutting processing is carried out, the nozzles 92 of one set of arc tubes 91 are kept at a downward tilting spray angle of 30 degrees. The airflow output by the air pump 93 and delivered to the arc tube 91 through the air supply pipe 94 will blow directly onto the surface of the irregular part placed in the fixed plate 2 along the tilted nozzles 92. When the positioning component completes the workpiece locking operation, the telescopic rod 86 will simultaneously generate a sliding displacement. During the movement of the telescopic rod 86, the rack 106 will be pulled to move synchronously. Relying on the transmission structure of the meshing between the rack 106 and the gear 107, the rack 106 drives the gear 107 to rotate. During the rotation of the gear 107, the coaxially connected rotating shaft 104 and cam 105 will rotate synchronously, causing the cam 105 to push the floating frame 101 upward, so that the floating frame 101 is lifted upward along the vertical direction of the fixed plate 2. When the floating frame 101 is lifted, it drives the hinge seat 102 to move upward synchronously. Then, the lifting torque is transmitted through the rotating rod 103, which pulls the nozzle 92, which was originally tilted downward by thirty degrees, to rotate upward by thirty degrees. After all welding processes are completed, the previously leveled single nozzle 92 returns to its initial downward tilt of 30 degrees. The air pump 93 continues to supply airflow, and the airflow output by the tilted nozzle 92 evenly covers the entire surface of the irregular part. The high-speed flowing low-temperature airflow can quickly remove the large amount of residual heat accumulated inside the workpiece after welding.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser processing device for processing irregularly shaped parts with anti-splashing properties, comprising a processing table (1), wherein the top surface of the processing table (1) is provided with a fixed plate (2) for supporting the irregularly shaped parts, and a three-axis moving mechanism is provided above the processing table (1), wherein a laser cutting head (7) is mounted on the three-axis moving mechanism, characterized in that, Also includes: A positioning assembly is arranged around the inner side of the fixed disk (2). The positioning assembly includes two sets of oil storage pipes (81) symmetrically arranged in the fixed disk (2). The inner wall of the oil storage pipe (81) is connected to several side pipes (811) in the radial direction. A piston plate (82) is slidably assembled in the oil storage pipe (81). A push rod (83) is slidably inserted in the side pipe (811). The outer end of the push rod (83) is rotatably connected to a clamping head (84) that can adaptively fit the outer contour of the irregular part. A first spring is provided between the push rod (83) and the inner wall of the corresponding side pipe (811). A telescopic rod (86) is fixedly connected to the side of the piston plate (82). A sealing plate (861) for cutting off the internal flow channel of the side pipe (811) is fixed on the outer wall of the telescopic rod (86). An anti-splash assembly is arranged around the processing area of ​​the irregular part on the inner side of the fixed plate (2). The anti-splash assembly includes four sets of arc-shaped tubes (91) evenly arranged along the circumference of the fixed plate (2). Each set of arc-shaped tubes (91) is equipped with a nozzle (92). An air pump (93) is provided on the outer side of the fixed plate (2). The air pump (93) is connected to the arc-shaped tubes (91) through an air supply pipe (94). The air pump (93) outputs high-pressure gas and sprays it through the nozzle (92) to form an annular protective air curtain that blocks high-temperature welding slag. An adjustment component is located between the positioning component and the anti-splash component. The adjustment component can synchronously adjust the spray angle of the nozzle (92) mounted on one of the arc tubes (91) as the telescopic rod (86) slides.

2. The anti-splash laser processing equipment for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-axis moving mechanism includes two sets of electric slides (3) fixed on the processing table (1). The moving ends of the two sets of electric slides (3) are jointly supported by a gantry frame (4). A moving crossbeam (5) is slidably mounted on the gantry frame (4). A lifting guide rail (6) is provided on the moving crossbeam (5). The laser cutting head (7) is fixedly installed on the lifting moving end of the lifting guide rail (6).

3. The anti-splash laser processing equipment for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, An electric push rod (87) is fixedly mounted on the processing table (1). The telescopic end of the electric push rod (87) is fixedly connected to a connecting block (88). A shaped rod (89) is fixedly installed on the connecting block (88). The two ends of the shaped rod (89) extend into the interior of two sets of oil storage pipes (81) and are fixedly connected to the end face of the piston plate (82).

4. The anti-splash laser processing equipment for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the clamping head (84) is provided with a slot (841), and the inside of the push rod (83) is provided with a locking structure. The locking structure cooperates with the slot (841) to rotate and lock the clamping head (84).

5. The anti-splash laser processing equipment for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 4, characterized in that, The locking structure includes a push rod (85) that slides axially along the push rod (83), with a locking block (851) fixed at one end of the push rod (85) facing the slot (841), and a second spring provided between the push rod (85) and the end of the push rod (83), wherein the elastic coefficient of the first spring is less than that of the second spring.

6. The anti-splash laser processing equipment for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser cutting head (7) is fixed with a guide ring (98) that can be raised and lowered synchronously. Several ventilation holes are opened on the side wall of the guide ring (98) along the circumferential direction. The laser cutting head (7) is equipped with a light-shielding and protective structure on the outside.

7. The anti-spatter laser processing equipment for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 6, characterized in that, The light-shielding protection structure includes a light shield (96) that moves synchronously with the laser cutting head (7). A limiting rod (95) is fixedly provided on the fixed plate (2). The two sides of the light shield (96) are slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the limiting rod (95). A movable plate (97) is slidably provided in the inner cavity of the light shield (96). The movable plate (97) is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the laser cutting head (7).

8. The anti-spatter laser processing equipment for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment assembly includes a floating frame (101) that is slidably installed along the vertical direction of the fixed disk (2). Both the floating frame (101) and the adjustable tilt nozzle (92) are fixed with hinge seats (102). The two hinge seats (102) are connected by a rotating rod (103). A transmission assembly for driving the floating frame (101) to rise and fall is provided on one side of the fixed disk (2).

9. The anti-spatter laser processing equipment for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 8, characterized in that, The transmission assembly includes a rotating shaft (104) rotatably mounted inside the processing table (1). Multiple sets of cams (105) are fixed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (104). The bottom surface of the floating frame (101) abuts against the wheel surface of the cams (105). A rack (106) is fixed on the outer wall of the telescopic rod (86). A gear (107) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (104). The gear (107) meshes with the rack (106) for transmission.

10. The anti-splash laser processing equipment for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed plate (2) has an arc-shaped material drop groove that runs through the top and bottom, and the processing table (1) has a dust collection box (11) for collecting dust and impurities that is slidably installed inside.

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