Terminal rear cover automatic assembly machine

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of connector, especially to a terminal rear cover automatic assembling machine, which takes a main carrier as a mounting base, and integrates a rear cover feeding mechanism, a visual guiding feeding mechanism, a positioning and rotating mechanism, a pressing mechanism, an insulating cap pressing mechanism, a semi-finished product unloading mechanism, a nut assembling mechanism and a robot material collecting mechanism on the mounting base. The rear cover feeding mechanism moves the rear cover to the positioning and rotating mechanism, the visual guiding feeding mechanism grabs the terminal, assembles it to the rear cover after correcting the posture through visual inspection, the pressing mechanism clamps the terminal and the rear cover into place, and the insulating cap pressing mechanism completes the pressing of the insulating cap. The semi-finished product unloading mechanism takes down the semi-finished product and adjusts the assembly posture, and the robot material collecting mechanism transfers the semi-finished product to the nut assembling mechanism to complete the nut embedding, and then moves the finished product to the unloading station. The present application realizes the full-automatic assembly of the terminal rear cover assembly, has high assembly precision and coherent process, and effectively improves the assembly efficiency and product qualification rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of connector technology, and more particularly to an automatic assembly machine for terminal back covers. Background Technology

[0002] Specifically, this applies to the field of terminal back cover (bronze plate plastic shell) assembly equipment. Currently, the assembly of terminal back cover components mostly adopts manual or semi-automated operation modes, which have many technical defects: components such as back covers, terminals, insulating caps, and nuts rely on manual material handling, resulting in low assembly efficiency, high labor intensity, and difficulty in ensuring product consistency; terminal installation is prone to problems such as reverse installation and misalignment, directly reducing the finished product qualification rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an automated terminal back cover assembly equipment with a high degree of automation, precise assembly, and a smooth process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned defects and provide an automatic assembly machine for terminal back covers.

[0004] In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: an automatic assembly machine for terminal back covers, including a main carrier;

[0005] The rear cover feeding mechanism is installed on the main carrier and is used to automatically supply the rear covers and move them one by one to the preset mounting positions on the positioning and rotating mechanism.

[0006] The vision-guided feeding mechanism is installed on the main carrier and is used to automatically grab and move the terminals and place them in the preset mounting positions on the back cover, as well as to determine whether the preset installation posture of the terminals is correct through visual inspection.

[0007] The positioning and rotating mechanism is installed on the main support body and is used to accurately position the rear cover and drive the rear cover to rotate intermittently along a preset circumferential trajectory.

[0008] The pressing mechanism, installed on the main support body, is used to apply vertical downward pressure to the terminals that have been installed in the preset mounting positions of the back cover, so that the terminals are engaged with the back cover in place.

[0009] The insulating cap pressing mechanism is installed on the main carrier and is used to automatically supply insulating caps and accurately press the insulating caps onto the preset mounting positions on the top of the terminal, so that the insulating caps and terminals fit tightly together.

[0010] The semi-finished product unloading mechanism is installed on the main carrier and is used to remove the semi-finished product that has been assembled with the cover, terminal and insulating cap from the positioning and rotating mechanism and rotate it to the preset assembly posture.

[0011] The nut assembly mechanism is installed on the main bearing body and is used to position the terminals in the semi-finished product and automatically insert the nuts into the countersunk holes of the terminals.

[0012] The robot receiving mechanism, installed on the main carrier, is used to pick up the semi-finished products that have been rotated to a preset posture on the semi-finished product unloading mechanism and transfer them to the positioning and installation position of the nut assembly mechanism, as well as to remove the finished products after nut assembly from the nut assembly mechanism and transfer them to the unloading station.

[0013] As a further improvement, the main support body is equipped with a finished product receiving mechanism for automatically collecting and storing the assembled finished products.

[0014] As a further improvement, the main carrier is provided with a PIN blister feeding mechanism for storing terminal PINs and outputting them one by one.

[0015] In a further improvement, the back cover feeding mechanism includes a back cover feeding unit for arranging back covers in a preset orientation and outputting them one by one to a designated position, a pushing unit for pushing the back covers output from the back cover feeding unit to a designated clamping station, a back cover gripping unit for physically gripping the back covers, and a back cover feeding moving unit for driving the back cover gripping unit to move and transfer the gripped back covers to a preset mounting position on the positioning and rotating mechanism. The back cover gripping unit is disposed on the back cover feeding moving unit.

[0016] As a further improvement, a visual inspection unit is provided directly above the pushing unit, and a back cover recycling bin is provided on the main carrier and below the moving path of the back cover gripping unit.

[0017] In a further improvement, the vision-guided feeding mechanism includes a PIN gripping robot for gripping terminals and placing them on a positioning and rotating mechanism with a pre-set mounting position on the back cover, and a vision positioning and acquisition unit for visually detecting the installation posture of the gripping terminals.

[0018] In a further improvement, the positioning rotation mechanism includes a rotating platform and multiple positioning units arranged circumferentially on the rotating platform.

[0019] As a further improvement, the rotating platform is equipped with a countersunk hole visual recognition unit for detecting countersunk holes on terminals.

[0020] In a further improvement, a lifting unit for pushing the rear cover out from bottom to top is installed on the main carrier, below the trajectory of the circular motion of the positioning unit and directly below the material picking station of the semi-finished product unloading mechanism.

[0021] In a further improvement, the semi-finished product unloading mechanism includes a PIN lifting and moving unit, a clamping radial flipping unit, and a clamping axial flipping unit, wherein the clamping radial flipping unit is disposed on the PIN lifting and moving unit.

[0022] In a further improvement, the nut assembly mechanism includes a nut feeding unit for supplying nuts and outputting them in a preset assembly posture to a designated picking position, a nut positioning carrier for positioning and bearing terminals in the semi-finished product, and a nut clamping and dispensing unit for gripping nuts and inserting them into the countersunk holes of the terminals.

[0023] In a further improvement, the nut clamping and dispensing unit includes a nut clamping moving part and an actuating clamping part mounted on the nut clamping moving part.

[0024] In a further improvement, the nut assembly mechanism also includes a carrier moving unit, on which a nut positioning carrier is mounted, for driving the nut positioning carrier to reciprocate in the horizontal direction.

[0025] In a further improvement, the insulating cap pressing mechanism includes a support frame, an insulating cap feeding unit for arranging and outputting insulating caps in a preset orientation, a guide output unit for receiving insulating caps from the insulating cap feeding unit and guiding them to a preset pressing position, a stop support unit for receiving and carrying the insulating caps output by the guide output unit and assisting the positioning pressing unit in pressing, and a positioning pressing unit for positioning and pressing the insulating caps onto a preset mounting position on the terminal; the guide output unit, the stop support unit, and the positioning pressing unit are all mounted on the support frame.

[0026] In a further improvement, the stop bearing unit includes a U-shaped positioning support block and a stop cylinder; the positioning support block is installed on the drive end of the stop cylinder, and a U-shaped groove matching the shape of the insulating cap is opened on the upper surface of the positioning support block.

[0027] In a further improvement, the support frame is also equipped with a positive and negative identification unit for real-time detection of the preset installation posture of the insulating cap on the guide output unit, and an insulating cap rejection unit for rejecting insulating caps with incorrect preset installation postures.

[0028] In a further improvement, the rejection unit includes two stop parts for blocking the insulating caps at preset positions within the guide output unit, an insulating cap lifting and supporting part for supporting the insulating caps at preset positions, an air blowing part, and an insulating cap recycling box.

[0029] In a further improvement, the positioning and pressing unit includes a pressing and lifting part and a positioning and pressing rod connected to the pressing and lifting part. The positioning and pressing rod has a small diameter area and a large diameter area arranged coaxially. The small diameter area is located below the positioning and pressing rod, and the large diameter area is located above the positioning and pressing rod. The outer diameter of the small diameter area is smaller than the inner diameter of the central hole of the insulating cap, and the outer diameter of the large diameter area is larger than the inner diameter of the central hole of the insulating cap.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are: it enables fully automated assembly of terminal back cover components, with high assembly precision, a smooth process, and a high degree of automation, effectively improving assembly efficiency and product qualification rate. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is an axonometric view of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a front view of the rear cover feeding mechanism in this invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a left view of the rear cover feeding mechanism in this invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is an isometric view of the rear cover feeding mechanism in this invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is an axonometric view of the vision-guided feeding mechanism in this invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This is an isometric view of the semi-finished product unloading mechanism in this invention;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a front view of the positioning and rotating mechanism in this invention;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a left view of the positioning and rotating mechanism in this invention;

[0042] Figure 11 This is an isometric view of the positioning and rotating mechanism in this invention;

[0043] Figure 12 This is a top view of the nut assembly mechanism in this invention;

[0044] Figure 13 This is an isometric view of the nut assembly mechanism in this invention;

[0045] Figure 14 This is an isometric view of the nut clamping and dispensing unit in this invention;

[0046] Figure 15 This is a partial structural view of the nut assembly mechanism in this invention;

[0047] Figure 16 This is an axial view of the insulating cap pressing mechanism in this invention. Figure 1 ;

[0048] Figure 17 yes Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle A section;

[0049] Figure 18 This is an axial view of the insulating cap pressing mechanism in this invention. Figure 2 ;

[0050] Figure 19 yes Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of B;

[0051] Figure 20 This is a top view of the insulating cap pressing mechanism in this invention;

[0052] Figure 21 yes Figure 20 CC section view;

[0053] Figure 22 yes Figure 21 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle F;

[0054] Figure 23 yes Figure 21 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle E;

[0055] Figure 24 This is a front view of the insulating cap pressing mechanism in this invention;

[0056] Figure 25 yes Figure 24 Sectional view of DD;

[0057] In the diagram, 1-back cover feeding mechanism, 2-vision-guided feeding mechanism, 3-PIN blister tray feeding mechanism, 4-positioning rotation mechanism, 5-pressing mechanism, 6-insulating cap pressing mechanism, 7-nut assembly mechanism, 8-main carrier, 9-finished product receiving mechanism, 10-robot receiving mechanism, 11-semi-finished product unloading mechanism;

[0058] 101-Rear cover feeding unit, 102-Rear cover gripping unit, 103-Rear cover feeding and moving unit, 104-Pushing unit, 105-Rear cover recycling bin;

[0059] 201 - Visual positioning and acquisition unit; 202 - PIN gripping robot arm;

[0060] 401-Rotating platform, 402-Counterhole vision recognition unit, 403-Positioning unit, 404-Lifting unit;

[0061] 601-Insulating cap feeding unit, 602-Guiding output unit, 603-Front and back identification unit, 604-Positioning and pressing unit, 605-Bearing frame, 606-Stop bearing unit, 607-Rejection unit;

[0062] 6041 - Positioning and pressing rod; 6042 - Pressing and lifting part;

[0063] 6061 - Positioning support block, 6062 - Stop cylinder;

[0064] 6071-Stop part, 6072-Insulating cap recycling box, 6073-Insulating cap lifting and supporting part, 6074-Air blowing part;

[0065] 701-Nut feeding unit, 702-Nut clamping and dispensing unit, 703-Carrier moving unit, 704-Nut clamping and positioning carrier;

[0066] 7021-Nut clamping moving part, 7022-Actuating clamping part;

[0067] 1101-Clamping axial flipping unit, 1102-Clamping radial flipping unit, 1103-PIN lifting and moving unit. Detailed Implementation

[0068] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0069] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 An automatic assembly machine for terminal back covers includes a main carrier 8, which serves as the installation reference and support platform for the whole machine and is used to support and fix various functional mechanisms to ensure the relative positional accuracy and motion coordination between the mechanisms.

[0070] The rear cover feeding mechanism 1 is installed on the main carrier 8 and is used to automatically supply the rear covers and move the rear covers one by one to the preset mounting positions on the positioning and rotating mechanism 4.

[0071] The vision-guided feeding mechanism 2 is installed on the main carrier 8. It is used to automatically pick up and move the terminal and place it in the preset mounting position on the back cover. It also uses vision to determine whether the preset installation posture of the terminal is correct, ensuring that the terminal is correctly inserted into the preset mounting position on the back cover. If the insertion posture is detected to be correct, it is inserted into the preset mounting position on the back cover. If the insertion posture is detected to be incorrect, it is rotated to the correct position and then inserted.

[0072] The positioning and rotating mechanism 4 is installed on the main support body 8. It is used to accurately position the back cover and drive the back cover to rotate intermittently along a preset circumferential trajectory so that the back cover passes through each processing station in sequence.

[0073] The pressing mechanism 5 is installed on the main carrier 8 and is used to apply vertical downward pressure to the terminals that have been installed in the preset mounting positions of the rear cover, so that the terminals are engaged with the rear cover in place.

[0074] The insulating cap pressing mechanism 6 is installed on the main carrier 8 and is used to automatically supply insulating caps and accurately press the insulating caps onto the preset mounting positions on the top of the terminal so that the insulating caps and terminals fit tightly together.

[0075] The semi-finished product unloading mechanism 11 is installed on the main carrier 8 and is used to remove the semi-finished product that has been assembled with the end cap, terminal and insulating cap from the positioning and rotating mechanism 4 and rotate it to the preset assembly posture so that the nut can be installed in the countersunk hole of the terminal later.

[0076] Nut assembly mechanism 7 is installed on the main bearing body 8 and is used to position the terminal in the semi-finished product and automatically insert the nut into the countersunk hole of the terminal.

[0077] The robot receiving mechanism 10 is installed on the main carrier 8. It is used to pick up the semi-finished products that have been rotated to the preset posture on the semi-finished product unloading mechanism 11 and transfer them to the positioning and installation position of the nut assembly mechanism 7, and to remove the finished products after nut assembly from the nut assembly mechanism 7 and transfer them to the unloading station.

[0078] In a specific embodiment, the main carrier 8 is equipped with a finished product receiving mechanism 9 for automatically collecting and storing assembled finished products. This receiving mechanism 9 includes at least one plastic-sealed box storage station, an empty box supply bin, an automatic box pushing device, and a full-material detection sensor. Multiple plastic-sealed boxes can be stacked inside the mechanism, and empty boxes are transferred one by one to the loading station via lifting or horizontal pushing. The robotic receiving mechanism 10 sequentially picks up the finished products assembled by the nut assembly mechanism 7 and loads them neatly into the plastic-sealed boxes currently at the loading station according to a preset array, such as a matrix. Each plastic-sealed box has a dividing groove or positioning grid to ensure that the finished products maintain a consistent upright or horizontal posture and prevent collisions.

[0079] In a specific embodiment, the main carrier 8 is equipped with a PIN blister tray feeding mechanism 3 for storing and outputting terminal PINs one by one. This mechanism has a multi-layer blister tray storage rack inside, with each blister tray designed with a dedicated cavity according to the terminal size for batch loading of terminals. The PIN blister tray feeding mechanism 3 includes a lifting drive assembly, a pushing assembly, an empty tray recycling bin, and a material shortage detection sensor. During operation, the lifting drive assembly lifts the stacked blister trays one by one to the tray output height, and the pushing assembly pushes the top full-load blister tray towards the material-receiving station for the visually guided feeding mechanism 2 to grasp the terminals. After all the terminals in the blister tray are removed, the material shortage detection sensor is triggered, and the pushing assembly pushes the empty tray into the empty tray recycling bin for stacking. Simultaneously, the next full-load blister tray automatically fills the gap, achieving continuous material supply.

[0080] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 In a specific embodiment, the back cover feeding mechanism 1 includes a back cover feeding unit 101 for arranging back covers in a preset orientation and outputting them one by one to a designated position, a pushing unit 104 for pushing the back covers output from the back cover feeding unit 101 to a designated clamping station, a back cover gripping unit 102 for physically gripping the back covers, and a back cover feeding moving unit 103 for driving the back cover gripping unit 102 to move and transfer the gripped back covers to a preset mounting position on the positioning and rotating mechanism 4. The back cover gripping unit 102 is disposed on the back cover feeding moving unit 103. Through the coordinated operation of the above mechanisms, the back cover feeding mechanism 1 can realize automatic feeding, posture correction, fixed-point conveying and precise loading of back covers, providing back covers with accurate positions for subsequent terminal installation, terminal pressing and insulating cap pressing processes.

[0081] In a further embodiment, a vision inspection unit is disposed directly above the pushing unit 104. This vision inspection unit may include an industrial camera, a light source, and an image processing system. It is used to acquire images of the back cover in real time after the pushing unit 104 pushes the back cover to the clamping station or during the pushing process, and compare these images with a preset standard posture template to detect whether the back cover is output in a preset posture, such as whether the orientation is correct, whether there are obvious defects, or whether the positioning features are complete. Simultaneously, a back cover recycling bin 105 is disposed on the main carrier 8 and below the moving path of the back cover gripping unit 102. When the vision inspection unit determines that the current posture of the back cover is unqualified, such as reversed, skewed, or damaged, the control system records the defective product information. The back cover gripping unit 102 still clamps the back cover according to the program, but the back cover loading and moving unit 103 does not send it to the preset mounting position on the positioning and rotating mechanism 4. Instead, it controls the back cover gripping unit 102 to move above the back cover recycling bin 105, releases the grippers, and puts the unqualified back cover into the recycling bin 105. Subsequently, the back cover loading and moving unit 103 returns to the standby position, and the pushing unit 104 sends out the next back cover for visual inspection again. This process realizes the automatic rejection of defective products, preventing unqualified back covers from flowing into subsequent assembly processes.

[0082] refer to Figure 7 In a specific embodiment, the vision-guided loading mechanism 2 includes a PIN gripping robot 202 for gripping terminals and placing them in a preset mounting position on the back cover of the positioning and rotating mechanism 4, and a vision positioning and acquisition unit 201 for visually detecting the installation posture of the gripped terminals. The specific working process is as follows: The PIN gripping robot 202 grips a single terminal from the blister tray output by the PIN blister tray loading mechanism 3, and then moves it directly above the vision positioning and acquisition unit 201; the vision positioning and acquisition unit 201 includes an industrial camera, a coaxial light source or a ring light source and an image processing system, used to acquire the bottom surface image of the terminal in real time, and compare it with a preset standard installation posture template to detect whether the installation posture of the terminal meets the requirements; if the detection result is qualified, the PIN gripping robot 202 directly places the terminal into the preset mounting position on the back cover of the positioning and rotating mechanism 4; if the terminal posture is detected as unqualified, the PIN gripping robot 202 can perform a flipping action according to preset logic, adjust to a qualified posture and reinstall, and then grip the next terminal again.

[0083] refer to Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11In a specific embodiment, the positioning and rotating mechanism 4 includes a rotating platform 401 and a plurality of positioning units 403 arranged circumferentially on the rotating platform 401; the rotating platform 401 is used to drive the positioning units 403 to perform intermittent rotation and indexing along a preset circumferential trajectory; the back cover is precisely embedded in each positioning unit 403 by the back cover feeding mechanism 1, and each positioning unit 403 is designed according to the shape of the back cover and has a contour positioning seat to cooperate with elastic clamping to ensure that the back cover does not shift during rotation and assembly.

[0084] In a further embodiment, the rotating platform 401 is equipped with a countersunk hole vision recognition unit 402 for detecting countersunk holes on the terminals. This unit includes a high-resolution camera and a side or ring light source, used to acquire images of the terminals from the side before the back cover is installed, and to identify whether the terminal has a countersunk hole using an image processing algorithm. If a terminal is detected to be installed backwards, the control system can issue an alarm or mark the station as defective, and the vision-guided feeding mechanism 2 will not be installed, preventing substandard semi-finished products from flowing into the nut assembly process. Simultaneously, the countersunk hole vision recognition unit 402 can also detect foreign objects, burrs, or other defects within the countersunk hole, ensuring smooth insertion of the subsequent nuts.

[0085] In a further embodiment, a lifting unit 404 for pushing the rear cover upwards is installed on the main carrier 8, below the trajectory of the circular motion of the positioning unit 403 and directly below the material handling station of the semi-finished product unloading mechanism 11. The lifting unit 404 includes a lifting cylinder, a guide rod, and a top. When the rotating platform 401 indexes the positioning unit 403 carrying the semi-finished product to the unloading station, the lifting unit 404 lifts the bottom of the rear cover on the positioning unit 403 from below, so that the rear cover and the terminals are lifted upwards to a certain height, thereby separating it from the positioning seat of the positioning unit 403 and exposing the clamping part of the terminals within the gripper range of the semi-finished product unloading mechanism 11. This method ensures that the terminals and the back cover remain in a relatively fixed combination state when the semi-finished product unloading mechanism 11 is clamping the terminals for unloading, avoiding accidental separation or relative displacement of the terminals and the back cover due to the clamping force acting only on the terminals during the unloading process, thereby ensuring the integrity and positional accuracy of the semi-finished products during the transfer process; after the lifting is completed, the semi-finished product unloading mechanism 11 clamps the terminals and removes them, and then the lifting unit 404 is reset, and the positioning unit 403 is restored to the loading state.

[0086] refer to Figure 8In a specific embodiment, the semi-finished product unloading mechanism 11 includes a PIN lifting and moving unit 1103, a clamping radial flipping unit 1102, and a clamping axial flipping unit 1101. The clamping radial flipping unit 1102 is disposed on the PIN lifting and moving unit 1103 and is used to drive it to move. It is used to remove the semi-finished terminal back cover assembly that has been pressed with insulating caps from the positioning and rotating mechanism 4 and adjust it to the preset posture required for subsequent nut assembly after two flips.

[0087] The specific structure and workflow are as follows:

[0088] The PIN lifting and moving unit 1103 is used to drive the clamping radial flipping unit 1102 to move in the vertical and horizontal directions.

[0089] The radial flipping clamping unit 1102 has an openable pneumatic gripper or contour gripper at its front end for gripping the terminal body in the semi-finished product. During operation: the PIN lifting and moving unit 1103 moves the radial flipping clamping unit 1102 to directly above the unloading position of the positioning and rotating mechanism 4; the radial flipping clamping unit 1102 descends and clamps the terminal in the semi-finished product, at which point the semi-finished product is in a vertical position; with the cooperation of the lifting unit 404, the rear cover is pushed away from the positioning unit 403, and the radial flipping clamping unit 1102 removes the semi-finished product from the positioning and rotating mechanism 4; subsequently, the clamping... The radial flipping unit 1102 performs a radial flipping action to flip the semi-finished product from a vertical position to a preset horizontal position to facilitate subsequent axial rotation; the clamping axial flipping unit 1101 is located next to the movement path of the PIN lifting and moving unit 1103; after the clamping radial flipping unit 1102 flips the semi-finished product to a horizontal position, the PIN lifting and moving unit 1103 moves it to the clamping position of the clamping axial flipping unit 1101; the clamping axial flipping unit 1101 automatically clamps the terminal body in the semi-finished product, and then the clamping radial flipping unit 1102 releases and retracts. Then, the clamping axial tilting unit 1101 drives the terminal to rotate axially around its horizontal axis until the terminal countersunk hole reaches the precise angle required for nut installation, so that the nut can be vertically inserted; this posture is the preset posture for the nut assembly process; after the above posture adjustment is completed, the clamping axial tilting unit 1101 maintains this posture, and the robot receiving mechanism 10 comes to clamp the semi-finished product and remove it from the clamping axial tilting unit 1101, and transfer it to the nut assembly mechanism 7 for nut insertion; this design is suitable for terminals with different structures.

[0090] refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13In a specific embodiment, the nut assembly mechanism 7 includes a nut feeding unit 701 for supplying nuts and outputting them in a preset assembly posture to a designated picking position, a nut positioning carrier 704 for positioning and bearing terminals in the semi-finished product, and a nut clamping and dispensing unit 702 for gripping nuts and embedding them into the countersunk holes of terminals.

[0091] The nut feeding unit 701 can be equipped with multiple independent nut feeders, each for supplying different nut models, such as M5, M6, and M8. Each feeder's outlet can be equipped with an anti-reverse device, a position sensor, and a shortage alarm to ensure that only nuts in the correct orientation are delivered to the pick-up position. Furthermore, different nut feeding units can be configured with color-coded labels or RFID tags so that the control system can automatically identify the current assembly task and activate the corresponding feeder.

[0092] The nut-pressing positioning carrier 704 is used to position and support terminals in semi-finished products. This carrier has positioning pins that insert into the countersunk holes of the terminals, ensuring that the terminals do not shift or deflect during the nut pressing process.

[0093] refer to Figure 14 In a further embodiment, the nut clamping and dispensing unit 702 includes a nut clamping moving part 7021 and an actuating clamping part 7022 mounted on the nut clamping moving part 7021. The actuating clamping part 7022 is used to drive the actuating clamping part 7022 to clamp the nut from the feeding position of the nut feeding unit 701, move it above the nut positioning carrier 704, and accurately insert the nut into the terminal countersunk hole, thus realizing the installation of the nut.

[0094] In a further embodiment, the nut assembly mechanism 7 further includes a carrier moving unit 703, which is mounted on the main support body 8. A nut-pressing positioning carrier 704 is mounted on the moving platform of the carrier moving unit 703 for driving the nut-pressing positioning carrier 704 to reciprocate in the horizontal direction. Specifically, it includes at least the following three stations:

[0095] Terminal loading station: located at the junction of semi-finished product unloading mechanism 11 or robot receiving mechanism 10, used to receive semi-finished terminal and back cover assembly that has completed posture adjustment;

[0096] Nut assembly station: Located below the nut clamping and unloading unit 702, used to perform the pressing action of the nut;

[0097] Finished product unloading station: Located at the material handling point of the robot receiving mechanism 10, it is used to transfer the finished product with completed nut assembly to the robot receiving mechanism 10 for unloading.

[0098] By driving the pressure nut positioning carrier 704 to switch between the above-mentioned workstations through the carrier moving unit 703, spatial interference between various operating components can be effectively avoided, the action sequence can be simplified, and the overall machine cycle time can be improved.

[0099] refer to Figures 16 to 25 In a specific embodiment, the insulating cap pressing mechanism 6 includes a support frame 605, an insulating cap feeding unit 601 for oriented and outputting insulating caps in a preset posture, a guide output unit 602 for receiving insulating caps from the insulating cap feeding unit 601 and guiding them to a preset pressing position, a stop support unit 606 for receiving and supporting the insulating caps output by the guide output unit 602 and assisting the positioning pressing unit 604 in pressing, and a positioning pressing unit 604 for positioning and pressing the insulating caps onto a preset mounting position on a terminal; the guide output unit 602, the stop support unit 606, and the positioning pressing unit 604 are all mounted on the support frame 605.

[0100] refer to Figure 22 In a further embodiment, the stop bearing unit 606 includes a U-shaped positioning support block 6061 and a stop cylinder 6062; the positioning support block 6061 is mounted on the driving end of the stop cylinder 6062, which is a horizontal moving cylinder used to drive the positioning support block 6061 to move forward or backward in the horizontal direction; a U-shaped groove matching the shape of the insulating cap is provided on the upper surface of the positioning support block 6061, the shape of which is consistent with the outline of the insulating cap, for receiving and stably placing a single insulating cap output from the guide output unit 602. In the initial state, the stop cylinder 6062 drives the positioning support block 6061 forward to connect with the discharge port of the guide output unit 602, and the insulating cap moves into the U-shaped groove, temporarily supported by the positioning support block 6061. When the positioning pressing unit 604 descends, its positioning pressing rod 6041 passes through the central hole of the insulating cap and inserts into the blind hole at the top of the terminal for positioning. The stop cylinder 6062 drives the positioning support block 6061 to retreat horizontally, quickly removing its support for the bottom of the insulating cap. Under the action of gravity, the insulating cap slides down along the positioning pressing rod 6041 to the mounting position at the top of the terminal. Then, the positioning pressing unit 604 continues to press down, pressing the insulating cap into place. This design utilizes the opening of the U-shaped structure to allow the positioning support block 6061 to retract horizontally without interfering with the positioning pressing rod 6041, achieving precise placement and unobstructed pressing of the insulating cap.

[0101] In a further embodiment, the support frame 605 is also provided with a positive and negative identification unit 603 for real-time detection of the preset installation posture of the insulating cap on the guide output unit 602, and an insulating cap rejection unit 607 for rejecting insulating caps with incorrect preset installation postures.

[0102] refer to Figure 17 and Figure 23 In a further embodiment, the rejection unit 607 includes two stop parts 6071 for blocking the front and rear of insulating caps at preset positions within the guide output unit 602, an insulating cap lifting and supporting part 6073 for supporting and lifting the insulating caps at the preset positions, an air blowing part 6074, and an insulating cap recycling box 6072. Its working process is as follows: When the forward / reverse identification unit 603 detects that an insulating cap is reversed, the two stop parts 6071 activate, blocking the front and rear directions of the insulating cap at the preset position to prevent subsequent insulating caps from continuing to advance; the insulating cap lifting and supporting part 6073 moves the insulating cap at the preset position down from the conveying track of the guide output unit 602 and disengages from the track, descending to a preset blowing height; the air blowing part 6074 sprays compressed air, blowing the insulating cap laterally into the insulating cap recycling box 6072, completing the recycling; the insulating cap lifting and supporting part 6073 returns to its initial height, the stop parts 6071 retract to release the blocking, and subsequent insulating caps continue to be conveyed normally within the guide output unit 602. This design enables the online automatic removal of reverse insulating caps without requiring manual intervention during machine downtime, thus improving the continuous operation capability of the equipment.

[0103] refer to Figure 19 and Figure 25 In a further embodiment, the positioning and pressing unit 604 includes a pressing lifting part 6042 and a positioning and pressing rod 6041 connected to the pressing lifting part 6042. The pressing lifting part 6042 is used to drive the positioning and pressing rod 6041 to move precisely in the vertical direction; the positioning and pressing rod 6041 has a small-diameter area and a large-diameter area coaxially arranged, the small-diameter area is located below the positioning and pressing rod 6041, and the large-diameter area is located above the positioning and pressing rod 6041; the outer diameter of the small-diameter area is smaller than the inner diameter of the central hole of the insulating cap, and is used to penetrate the insulating cap and insert into the blind hole at the upper end of the terminal; the outer diameter of the large-diameter area is larger than the inner diameter of the central hole of the insulating cap, and is used to contact the top of the insulating cap and apply pressure during the pressing process.

[0104] The pressing process is as follows:

[0105] The pressing and lifting unit 6042 drives the positioning pressing rod 6041 to descend, so that the small diameter area first passes through the central hole of the insulating cap located in the U-shaped groove on the positioning support block 6061, and is inserted into the blind hole at the upper end of the terminal, thereby achieving the positioning and insertion of the insulating cap;

[0106] The stop cylinder 6062 drives the positioning support block 6061 to move horizontally backward, thus removing the support;

[0107] Under the influence of gravity, the insulating cap slides down along the small diameter area of ​​the positioning and pressing rod 6041 and falls to the pressing position at the top of the terminal;

[0108] The pressing lifting unit 6042 continues to drive the positioning pressing rod 6041 to move down. At this time, the large diameter area contacts the top of the insulating cap, pressing the insulating cap into the predetermined position after the terminal and the rear cover are engaged, until the pressing is in place.

[0109] After the pressing is in place, the pressing lifting part 6042 drives the positioning pressing rod 6041 to rise and reset.

[0110] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic assembly machine for terminal back covers, comprising a main carrier (8), characterized in that: The rear cover feeding mechanism (1) is installed on the main carrier (8) and is used to automatically supply the rear cover and move the rear cover one by one to the preset mounting position on the positioning and rotating mechanism (4); The visual guidance feeding mechanism (2) is installed on the main carrier (8) and is used to automatically grab and move the terminal and place it on the preset mounting position of the back cover, and to judge whether the preset mounting posture of the terminal is correct through visual detection. The positioning and rotating mechanism (4) is installed on the main carrier (8) and is used to accurately position the back cover and drive the back cover to rotate intermittently according to the preset circumferential trajectory. The pressing mechanism (5) is installed on the main carrier (8) and is used to apply vertical downward pressure to the terminals that have been installed in the preset mounting positions of the back cover so that the terminals are engaged with the back cover. The insulating cap pressing mechanism (6) is installed on the main carrier (8) to automatically supply insulating caps and accurately press the insulating caps onto the preset mounting position at the top of the terminal so that the insulating caps and the terminal fit tightly together. The semi-finished product unloading mechanism (11) is installed on the main carrier (8) and is used to remove the semi-finished product that has been assembled with the cover, terminal and insulating cap from the positioning and rotating mechanism (4) and rotate it to the preset assembly posture. Nut assembly mechanism (7) is installed on the main bearing body (8) and is used to position the terminal in the semi-finished product and automatically insert the nut into the countersunk hole of the terminal; The robot receiving mechanism (10) is installed on the main carrier (8) and is used to grab the semi-finished products that have been rotated to the preset posture on the semi-finished product unloading mechanism (11) and transfer them to the positioning and installation position of the nut assembly mechanism (7), and to remove the finished products after nut assembly from the nut assembly mechanism (7) and transfer them to the unloading station.

2. The automatic terminal back cover assembly machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rear cover feeding mechanism (1) includes a rear cover feeding unit (101) for arranging the rear covers in a preset orientation and outputting them one by one to a designated position, a pushing unit (104) for pushing the rear covers output from the rear cover feeding unit (101) to a designated clamping station, a rear cover gripping unit (102) for physically gripping the rear covers, and a rear cover feeding moving unit (103) for driving the rear cover gripping unit (102) to move and transfer the gripped rear covers to a preset mounting position on the positioning and rotating mechanism (4). The rear cover gripping unit (102) is disposed on the rear cover feeding moving unit (103).

3. The automatic terminal back cover assembly machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that: A visual inspection unit is provided directly above the push unit (104), and a back cover recycling bin (105) is provided on the main carrier (8) and below the moving path of the back cover gripping unit (102).

4. The automatic terminal back cover assembly machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The visual guidance feeding mechanism (2) includes a PIN gripping robot (202) for gripping the terminal and placing it on the positioning and rotating mechanism (4) with a pre-set mounting position on the back cover, and a visual positioning acquisition unit (201) for visually detecting the installation posture of the gripping terminal.

5. The automatic terminal back cover assembly machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning and rotating mechanism (4) includes a rotating platform (401) and multiple positioning units (403) arranged in a circumferential pattern on the rotating platform (401). The rotating platform (401) is provided with a countersunk hole visual recognition unit (402) for detecting countersunk holes on terminals. A lifting unit (404) for pushing the back cover out from bottom to top is installed on the main carrier (8), below the trajectory of the circular motion of the positioning unit (403) and directly below the material picking station of the semi-finished product unloading mechanism (11).

6. The automatic terminal back cover assembly machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-finished product unloading mechanism (11) includes a PIN lifting and moving unit (1103), a clamping radial flipping unit (1102), and a clamping axial flipping unit (1101), wherein the clamping radial flipping unit (1102) is disposed on the PIN lifting and moving unit (1103).

7. The automatic terminal back cover assembly machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The nut assembly mechanism (7) includes a nut feeding unit (701) for supplying nuts and outputting them in a preset assembly posture to a designated picking position, a nut positioning carrier (704) for positioning and bearing terminals in the semi-finished product, and a nut clamping and dispensing unit (702) for gripping nuts and inserting them into the countersunk holes of terminals. The nut clamping and dispensing unit (702) includes a nut clamping moving part (7021) and an actuating clamping part (7022) mounted on the nut clamping moving part (7021). The nut assembly mechanism (7) further includes a carrier moving unit (703), on which a nut positioning carrier (704) is mounted to drive the nut positioning carrier (704) to reciprocate in the horizontal direction.

8. The automatic terminal back cover assembly machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating cap pressing mechanism (6) includes a support frame (605), an insulating cap feeding unit (601) for arranging and outputting insulating caps in a preset orientation, a guide output unit (602) for receiving insulating caps from the insulating cap feeding unit (601) and guiding them to a preset pressing position, a stop support unit (606) for receiving and supporting the insulating caps output by the guide output unit (602) and assisting the positioning pressing unit (604) in pressing, and a positioning pressing unit (604) for pressing the insulating caps onto a preset mounting position on the terminal after positioning; the guide output unit (602), the stop support unit (606), and the positioning pressing unit (604) are all mounted on the support frame (605); The support frame (605) is also provided with a positive and negative identification unit (603) for real-time detection of the preset installation posture of the insulating cap on the guide output unit (602) and an insulating cap rejection unit (607) for rejecting the insulating cap with incorrect preset installation posture.

9. The automatic terminal back cover assembly machine as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The rejection unit (607) includes two stop parts (6071) for stopping the insulating caps at preset positions in the guide output unit (602), an insulating cap lifting and lifting part (6073) for carrying and lifting the insulating caps at preset positions, an air blowing part (6074), and an insulating cap recycling box (6072).

10. An automatic terminal back cover assembly machine as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The positioning and pressing unit (604) includes a pressing and lifting part (6042) and a positioning and pressing rod (6041) connected to the pressing and lifting part (6042). The positioning and pressing rod (6041) has a small diameter area and a large diameter area arranged coaxially. The small diameter area is located below the positioning and pressing rod (6041), and the large diameter area is located above the positioning and pressing rod (6041). The outer diameter of the small diameter area is smaller than the inner diameter of the central hole of the insulating cap, and the outer diameter of the large diameter area is larger than the inner diameter of the central hole of the insulating cap.

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