A new type of ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining tool

Abstract

The application discloses a novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining tool, which comprises a tool bed body, a rotary workbench and a spindle box component arranged on the tool bed body, and a beam body assembly and a saddle body assembly arranged on the tool bed body and used in cooperation with the spindle box component; the tool bed body comprises a tool bed body, the beam body assembly is arranged on the tool bed body and guided with the tool bed body, the saddle body assembly is arranged on the beam body assembly and guided with the beam body assembly, and the spindle box component is movably arranged on the saddle body assembly; two sides of the tool bed body in the width direction of the top are provided with first hydrostatic guide rail structures for supporting the movement of the beam body assembly, and the second hydrostatic guide rail structures for supporting the movement of the spindle box component are arranged between the saddle body assembly and the spindle box component; the first hydrostatic guide rail structures and the second hydrostatic guide rail structures are both externally connected with a high-pressure oil supply system to form a hydrostatic oil film, so that the movement precision of the whole machine is improved, the friction and abrasion and vibration influence are reduced, and the influence of thermal deformation on machining precision is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision machining equipment technology, and in particular to a novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of aerospace, precision molds, optical components, semiconductors, and medical devices, higher requirements are being placed on the machining accuracy, efficiency, and stability of complex curved surface parts and high-precision parts. Five-axis machining centers, due to their ability to achieve multi-degree-of-freedom simultaneous machining, reduce the number of clamping operations, and improve the machining accuracy of complex parts, have been widely used in the field of ultra-precision manufacturing.

[0003] Existing five-axis machining tools typically use rolling guides, sliding guides, or linear guides as the guiding and support structures for each motion axis. During long-term high-speed motion and heavy-load machining, friction and wear are easily generated between the guide pairs. At the same time, they are affected by vibration and thermal deformation, which can easily lead to a decrease in motion positioning accuracy, a reduction in repeatability, and insufficient machining stability, thereby affecting the overall machining accuracy and service life of the machine.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the machining accuracy and service life of five-axis machining centers has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: This invention provides a novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center, including a machine bed, a rotary table and a spindle box assembly on the machine bed, and a beam assembly and a saddle assembly for use with the spindle box assembly. The machine tool bed includes a bed, a beam assembly mounted on the bed and guided by the bed, a saddle assembly mounted on the beam assembly and guided by the beam assembly, and a spindle box assembly movably mounted on the saddle assembly for use with a rotary table. The top width direction of the bed is provided with a first hydrostatic guide rail structure for supporting the movement of the beam assembly. The saddle assembly and the spindle box assembly are provided with a second hydrostatic guide rail structure for supporting the movement of the spindle box assembly. Both the first and second hydrostatic guide rail structures are externally connected to a high-pressure oil supply system. The high-pressure oil supply system supplies pressurized oil to the first and second hydrostatic guide rail structures to form a hydrostatic oil film.

[0007] Preferably, the bed is a U-shaped closed frame structure and is integrally cast to form a box structure. The bottom of the bed is provided with a support assembly, which is fixedly connected to the bed and used to support the machine tool bed. The bed is provided with a chip removal chamber and a cooling water circulation channel. The chip removal chamber is located in the middle of the bed and is used to remove the chips and cutting fluid generated during processing. The cooling water circulation channel is distributed inside the bed to absorb the heat of the bed and reduce thermal deformation. The top of the machine bed has a left-side Y-axis oil groove and a right-side Y-axis oil groove on each side of its width direction. The left-side and right-side Y-axis oil grooves are connected to the first hydrostatic guide rail structure to deliver pressurized oil and form a hydrostatic oil film. The machine bed adopts a U-shaped fully enclosed frame and is integrally cast into a box structure, which gives the machine foundation high structural rigidity and load-bearing capacity, making it less prone to deformation due to long-term load. The chip removal chamber can promptly discharge chips and cutting fluid, avoiding accumulation in the machining area and affecting machining. The cooling circulating water circuit continuously removes the heat generated by the machine bed, reducing the impact of thermal deformation on the overall machine accuracy. The left-side and right-side Y-axis oil grooves provide stable oil supply to the first hydrostatic guide rail structure, ensuring continuous formation of the hydrostatic oil film and providing reliable conditions for the smooth movement of the crossbeam.

[0008] Preferably, the first hydrostatic guide rail structure includes first guide rails located on both sides of the top width direction of the bed, and the first guide rails extend along the length direction of the bed; the beam assembly includes a crossbeam, and the bottom of the crossbeam is provided with a lower left pressure plate and a lower right pressure plate. The lower left pressure plate and the lower right pressure plate cooperate with the corresponding first guide rail to form a Y-axis hydrostatic guide structure. The left and right Y-axis oil grooves supply pressurized oil to the first guide rails respectively. The pressurized oil forms a hydrostatic oil film between the first guide rail and the lower left and lower right pressure plates of the crossbeam. The first guide rail, the lower left pressure plate, and the lower right pressure plate of the crossbeam together form the Y-axis hydrostatic guide structure, establishing a stable hydrostatic oil film between the guide surfaces, so that the guide rails remain in a non-contact state during the movement of the crossbeam, which helps to reduce movement resistance and guide rail wear, while improving the smoothness of the crossbeam operation, and giving the Y-axis movement higher guiding accuracy and load-bearing capacity.

[0009] Preferably, a Y-axis grating bracket is provided on the crossbeam, and a first grating ruler is provided on the bed. The Y-axis grating bracket and the first grating ruler are correspondingly set and used to detect the movement position of the crossbeam. The crossbeam is also equipped with a first drive component, which is used to reciprocate the crossbeam relative to the bed. The bed is equipped with a first magnetic rail and a first cooling profile for use with the first drive component. The first magnetic rail is used to generate driving force in conjunction with the first drive component, and the first cooling profile is used to reduce the heat generated by the operation of the first drive component. The first grating ruler provides real-time feedback on the actual movement position of the crossbeam, enabling high-precision closed-loop control of the Y-axis. The first drive component and the first magnetic rail work together to directly drive the crossbeam, reducing the errors caused by traditional mechanical transmission. The first cooling profile promptly removes the heat generated by the operation of the first drive component, reducing thermal drift and enabling the crossbeam to maintain high position control accuracy even during long-term continuous operation.

[0010] Preferably, the saddle assembly includes a slide saddle and a second drive member disposed on the slide saddle. The slide saddle is movably disposed on the crossbeam via the second drive member. The crossbeam is provided with a second cooling profile for use with the second drive member. The second cooling profile is used to reduce the heat generated by the operation of the second drive member. Two second guide rails are provided on the crossbeam. The saddle is guided and engaged with the crossbeam via the second guide rails. Specifically, the saddle is guided and engaged with the crossbeam via the two second guide rails. On the side of the saddle with the second driving component, there are also upper and lower pressure plates. Oil supply grooves are provided on the sides of the upper and lower pressure plates that are close to each other. The oil supply grooves are connected to an external high-pressure oil supply system. After the high-pressure oil enters the guide gap through the oil supply groove, it forms a static pressure oil film for the sliding setting of the saddle and the crossbeam. The second driving component drives the saddle to move stably along the crossbeam, and the second cooling profile reduces the temperature rise of the driving system and reduces the heat transfer to the crossbeam. The second guide rails, together with the upper and lower pressure plates of the saddle, form a static pressure support. The static pressure oil film bears the motion load, making the saddle move more smoothly and easily, improving the guiding rigidity while ensuring motion sensitivity.

[0011] Preferably, the crossbeam is a box-type honeycomb structure with internal reinforcing ribs, and the crossbeam is also equipped with a cooling circulating water channel, which is distributed along the length of the crossbeam and is used to reduce the temperature rise of the crossbeam. The crossbeam is also equipped with X-axis anti-collision blocks and X-axis anti-collision rubber, which are located at the ends of the second cooling profile along its length. The crossbeam adopts a box-type honeycomb structure and is equipped with reinforcing ribs, which reduces its own weight while maintaining high bending and torsional resistance, which is beneficial to improving dynamic performance during high-speed movement. The internal cooling circulating water channel can balance the temperature field of the crossbeam and reduce structural deformation caused by temperature rise. The X-axis anti-collision blocks and X-axis anti-collision rubber can play a buffering protection role at extreme positions, reducing impact damage to the equipment caused by misoperation or abnormal movement.

[0012] Preferably, a third driving member is provided on the side of the slide saddle away from the second driving member. The third driving member is used to drive the spindle box component to reciprocate relative to the slide saddle. The direction of the reciprocating motion of the spindle box component driven by the third driving member intersects with the direction of the reciprocating motion of the slide saddle driven by the second driving member and the direction of the reciprocating motion of the crossbeam driven by the first driving member. On the side of the slide saddle furthest from the second drive component, there are also left and right Z-axis pressure plates. These plates, in conjunction with the slide saddle, limit the spindle box components. Oil supply grooves are located on the left and right Z-axis pressure plates, connected to an external high-pressure oil supply system. High-pressure oil enters the guide gap through the oil supply grooves, forming a static pressure oil film. Air-bearing ultra-low friction cylinders are located on the left and right Z-axis pressure plates to balance the self-weight load of the spindle box components. The third drive component drives the spindle box components to move along the Z-axis, forming a tri-axis orthogonal motion relationship with the X and Y axes, meeting the needs of complex spatial machining. The left and right Z-axis pressure plates, together with the static pressure oil film, form a stable guide, making the lifting and lowering of the spindle box components smoother. The air-bearing ultra-low friction cylinders bear part of the self-weight load, allowing the third drive component to mainly overcome motion inertia and residual load, reducing the burden on the drive system, making the Z-axis start and stop smoother, and reducing positioning errors caused by gravity changes.

[0013] Preferably, the spindle box assembly includes a spindle box and a balance bar bracket mounted on the spindle box. The fixed end of the air-bearing ultra-low friction cylinder is fixedly mounted on the left and right Z-axis pressure plates, and the working end of the air-bearing ultra-low friction cylinder is fixedly mounted on the balance bar bracket. The two sets of air-bearing ultra-low friction cylinders are symmetrically arranged along the vertical center plane of the spindle box assembly and are supplied with air and extend and retract synchronously to balance the self-weight load of the spindle box assembly and suppress the sway and wobbling of the spindle box assembly during the lifting and lowering process. The two sets of air-bearing ultra-low friction cylinders act on both sides of the balance bar bracket and work synchronously to form balanced support for the spindle box assembly, making the force on the spindle box assembly more uniform during the lifting and lowering process, effectively suppressing sway and wobbling, avoiding the influence of uneven force on the machining trajectory, and thus ensuring the stability of the spindle posture.

[0014] Preferably, the saddle assembly is equipped with a pneumatic clamp; the two ends of the spindle box component in the width direction are equipped with Z-axis rails; the pneumatic clamp is correspondingly set with the Z-axis rails and clamps them in cooperation; a set of pneumatic clamps is set at the top and bottom and on the left and right sides respectively, so as to clamp the Z-axis rails and lock the spindle box component in the event of power failure, air failure or emergency stop, while improving the guiding rigidity and suppressing micro-displacement during the machining process. The pneumatic clamp can quickly clamp the Z-axis rails in the event of power failure, air failure or emergency stop, reliably lock the spindle box component, prevent the spindle box component from sliding down due to its own weight, and improve the safety of equipment operation; during normal machining, it can also enhance the Z-axis guiding rigidity, reduce micro-displacement, and improve the stability during heavy cutting and precision machining.

[0015] Preferably, the spindle box assembly also includes a spindle and a third cooling profile disposed on the spindle box, and the spindle box is also provided with a Z-axis water ring for cooling the cutting tool and workpiece nozzle; The spindle box is also equipped with a Z-axis grating ruler bracket, and a third grating ruler is located on the left pressure plate of the Z-axis. The Z-axis grating ruler bracket is used in conjunction with the third grating ruler. The Z-axis water ring can effectively cool the machining area of ​​the tool and workpiece, reduce the accumulation of machining heat, and improve cutting stability. The third cooling profile helps to control the temperature rise of the spindle box and reduce the impact of thermal deformation on the spindle accuracy. The Z-axis grating ruler bracket and the third grating ruler work together to detect and provide feedback on the lifting position of the spindle box components in real time, making the Z-axis motion control more precise, thereby ensuring the machining dimensional accuracy and surface quality.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: Through the guiding cooperation between the beam assembly and the bed, and the guiding cooperation between the saddle assembly and the beam assembly, the spindle box component is movably mounted on the saddle assembly. At the same time, a first hydrostatic guide rail structure is set on the bed, and a second hydrostatic guide rail structure is set between the saddle assembly and the spindle box component. A hydrostatic oil film is formed by a high-pressure oil supply system, so that each moving part forms a high-rigidity, low-friction motion support structure. This improves the overall machine motion accuracy and guide support stability, while reducing the impact of friction, wear, and vibration, and reducing the impact of thermal deformation on machining accuracy. This makes the spindle box component move more smoothly, resulting in more accurate machining positioning. This improves the overall machining accuracy and stability of the machine while extending the service life of the machine tool. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. The accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical five-axis machining center of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the vertical five-axis machining center of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural plan view of the vertical five-axis machining center of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the beam assembly of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a structural plan view of the beam assembly of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the saddle assembly of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a structural plan view of the saddle assembly of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the spindle box component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a structural plan view of the spindle box component of the present invention.

[0020] The reference numerals in the figures include: 1. Machine tool bed; 2. Rotary table; 3. Beam assembly; 4. Saddle assembly; 5. Spindle box assembly; 11. Support assembly; 12. First Y-axis anti-collision block; 13. Second Y-axis anti-collision block; 14. Adjusting block; 15. Bed; 16. Y-axis left connecting oil groove; 17. First guide rail; 18. Y-axis oil baffle; 19. Y-axis right connecting oil groove; 111. Tool magazine; 112. First grating ruler; 113. First adapter; 114. First cooling profile; 115. First magnetic rail; 31. Y-axis grating bracket; 32. First drive component; 33. Y-axis motor connecting plate; 34. Crossbeam; 35. Second adapter; 36. Second cooling profile; 37. X-axis anti-collision block; 38. X-axis anti-collision rubber; 39. Second magnetic rail; 310. Second grating ruler; 311. First flat key; 312 313. Lower left pressure plate of the crossbeam; 314. Lower right pressure plate of the crossbeam; 415. Second guide rail; 41. Saddle; 42. Left pressure plate of the Z-axis; 43. Right pressure plate of the Z-axis; 44. Upper pressure plate of the saddle; 45. Lower pressure plate of the saddle; 46. X-axis motor connecting plate; 47. Z-axis motor connecting plate; 48. Z-axis anti-collision block; 49. Z-axis anti-collision rubber; 410. X-axis grating ruler bracket; 411. Air-float ultra-low friction cylinder; 412. Third grating ruler; 413. Pneumatic clamp; 414. Second flat key; 415. Second drive component; 416. Third drive component; 51. Spindle box; 52. Balance bar bracket; 53. Z-axis water ring; 54. Z-axis grating ruler bracket; 55. Rod body; 56. Z-axis linear guide rail; 57. Spindle; 58. Third adapter; 59. Third cooling profile; 510. Third magnetic rail. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] In the description of this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Additionally, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "multiple" refers to two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c; a and b; a and c; b and c; or a and b and c. Where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0023] The terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0024] In this application, the words "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary," "for example," or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the words "exemplary," "for example," or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0025] It is understood that in this application, "when," "if," and "if" all refer to the device making a corresponding action under certain objective circumstances, and are not time-limited, nor do they require the device to make a judgment action when it is implemented, nor do they imply any other limitations.

[0026] In this application, the use of singular designations for elements is intended to represent "one or more" rather than "one and only one," unless otherwise specified.

[0027] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, "B corresponding to A" means that there is a correspondence between A and B, and B can be determined based on A. Determining B based on A does not mean that B can be determined solely based on A; B can also be determined based on A and / or other information.

[0028] Reference Figures 1 to 9A novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center includes a machine bed 1, a rotary table 2 and a spindle box component 5 on the machine bed 1, and a beam assembly 3 and a saddle assembly 4 for use in conjunction with the spindle box component 5. The machine tool bed 1 includes a bed 15, a beam assembly 3 is mounted on the bed 15 and guides the bed 15, a saddle assembly 4 is mounted on the beam assembly 3 and guides the beam assembly 3, and a spindle box assembly 5 is movably mounted on the saddle assembly 4. The spindle box assembly 5 is used to mount cutting tools to cooperate with the rotary table 2 to process external workpieces. The top width direction of the bed 15 is provided with a first hydrostatic guide rail structure for supporting the movement of the beam assembly 3. The saddle assembly 4 and the spindle box assembly 5 are provided with a second hydrostatic guide rail structure for supporting the movement of the spindle box assembly 5. Both the first hydrostatic guide rail structure and the second hydrostatic guide rail structure are externally connected to a high-pressure oil supply system. The high-pressure oil supply system supplies pressurized oil to the first hydrostatic guide rail structure and the second hydrostatic guide rail structure to form a hydrostatic oil film.

[0029] The rotary table 2 is a five-axis rotary table. The five-axis rotary table is a technology known to those skilled in the art, so the existing technical solution can be directly adopted. The rotary table 2 is used to clamp the workpiece and drive the workpiece to rotate around the corresponding rotary axis in order to cooperate with the spindle 57 to realize five-axis linkage machining.

[0030] With the above structural setup, during use, the beam assembly 3 is guided and engaged with the bed 15, the saddle assembly 4 is guided and engaged with the beam assembly 3, and the spindle box assembly 5 is movably mounted on the saddle assembly 4. Simultaneously, a first hydrostatic guide rail structure is provided on the bed 15, and a second hydrostatic guide rail structure is provided between the saddle assembly 4 and the spindle box assembly 5. A hydrostatic oil film is formed by a high-pressure oil supply system, creating a high-rigidity, low-friction motion support structure for each moving component. This improves the overall machine motion accuracy and guide support stability, while reducing friction, wear, vibration, and the impact of thermal deformation on machining accuracy. This makes the spindle box assembly 5 move more smoothly, resulting in more accurate machining positioning. Ultimately, this improves the overall machining accuracy and stability while extending the machine tool's service life.

[0031] Specifically, the bed 15 has a U-shaped closed frame structure and is integrally cast to form a box structure. The bottom of the bed 15 is provided with a support assembly 11, which is fixedly connected to the bed 15 and is used to support the machine tool bed 1. The bed 15 has a chip removal chamber and a cooling water circulation channel inside. The chip removal chamber is located in the middle of the bed 15 and is used to remove the chips and cutting fluid generated during processing. The cooling water circulation channel is distributed inside the bed 15 to absorb the heat of the bed 15 to reduce thermal deformation. The top width direction of the bed 15 is provided with a Y-axis left oil groove 16 and a Y-axis right oil groove 19 on both sides. The Y-axis left oil groove 16 and Y-axis right oil groove 19 are respectively connected to the first hydrostatic guide rail structure to deliver pressurized oil to form a hydrostatic oil film. The bed 15 adopts a U-shaped fully enclosed frame and is integrally cast into a box structure, which makes the foundation of the whole machine have high structural rigidity and load-bearing capacity, and is not easy to deform due to long-term load. The chip removal chamber can discharge chips and cutting fluid in time, avoiding accumulation in the machining area and affecting the machining. The cooling circulating water circuit continuously removes the heat generated by the bed 15, reducing the impact of thermal deformation on the accuracy of the whole machine. The Y-axis left oil groove 16 and Y-axis right oil groove 19 provide stable oil supply to the first hydrostatic guide rail structure, ensuring the continuous formation of the hydrostatic oil film and providing reliable conditions for the smooth movement of the crossbeam 34.

[0032] The machine tool bed 1 also includes a tool magazine 111 and a first adapter 113. The tool magazine 111 is fixedly mounted on the bed 15 and is used to store the tools required for machining and to automatically change tools in conjunction with the spindle 57. There are two first adapters 113, which are respectively mounted on the bed 15 and are used to install the two ends of the first cooling profile 114 and the first magnetic rail 115. The tool magazine 111 can complete tool storage and automatic tool changing according to the machining program, thereby improving the continuous machining capability of the machine tool. The first adapter 113 is used to connect the bed 15 with the first cooling profile 114 and the first magnetic rail 115, making the installation of the first cooling profile 114 and the first magnetic rail 115 more stable and facilitating installation positioning and subsequent maintenance.

[0033] The machine tool bed 1 also includes an adjustment block 14, which is located on the bed 15 and corresponds to the tool magazine 111. The adjustment block 14 is used to adjust the installation position of the tool magazine 111 relative to the bed 15 to compensate for the positional error generated during the installation of the tool magazine 111. The adjustment block 14 can fine-tune the installation position of the tool magazine 111 so that the tool magazine 111 and the spindle 57 maintain an accurate tool changing position relationship, reduce the impact of assembly errors on the accuracy of automatic tool changing, and improve the stability and reliability of tool changing.

[0034] The machine tool bed 1 also includes a Y-axis oil baffle 18, which is located between the first magnetic rail 115 and the first guide rail 17. The Y-axis oil baffle 18 extends along the length of the first guide rail 17 and is used to isolate the hydrostatic oil on the first guide rail 17 from the area where the first drive member 32 is located. The Y-axis oil baffle 18 can prevent the hydrostatic oil on the first guide rail 17 from splashing or overflowing into the area of ​​the first drive member 32 and the first magnetic rail 115, and at the same time prevent cutting fluid and chips from entering the guide surface of the first guide rail 17. This helps to maintain a stable oil supply environment for the hydrostatic guide rail, improve the hydrostatic oil film formation effect, and increase the service life of the first drive member 32 and the first magnetic rail 115.

[0035] Specifically, the first static pressure guide rail structure includes first guide rails 17 located on both sides of the top width direction of the bed 15, and the first guide rails 17 extend along the length direction of the bed 15; the beam assembly 3 includes a crossbeam 34, and the bottom of the crossbeam 34 is provided with a lower left pressure plate 312 and a lower right pressure plate 313. The lower left pressure plate 312 and the lower right pressure plate 313 respectively cooperate with the corresponding first guide rails 17 to form the first static pressure guide rail structure (i.e., the Y-axis static pressure guide structure). The Y-axis left connecting oil groove 16 and the Y-axis right connecting oil groove 19 respectively connect to the first guide rail. 17. Pressure oil is supplied, and the pressure oil forms a static pressure oil film between the first guide rail 17 and the lower left pressure plate 312 and the lower right pressure plate 313 of the crossbeam. The first guide rail 17, the lower left pressure plate 312 and the lower right pressure plate 313 of the crossbeam together form a Y-axis static pressure guide structure, establishing a stable static pressure oil film between the guide surfaces, so that the guide rails remain in a non-contact state during the movement of the crossbeam 34, which helps to reduce the movement resistance and guide rail wear, while improving the smoothness of the crossbeam 34's operation, and giving the Y-axis movement higher guiding accuracy and load-bearing capacity.

[0036] The first Y-axis anti-collision block 12 and the second Y-axis anti-collision block 13 are respectively provided at both ends of the first guide rail 17 along its length. The first Y-axis anti-collision block 12 and the second Y-axis anti-collision block 13 are both provided on the bed 15.

[0037] Specifically, a Y-axis grating bracket 31 is provided on the crossbeam 34, and a first grating ruler 112 is provided on the bed 15. The Y-axis grating bracket 31 and the first grating ruler 112 are correspondingly set and used to detect the movement position of the crossbeam 34. The crossbeam 34 is also equipped with a first drive component 32, which is used to reciprocate the crossbeam 34 relative to the bed 15. The bed 15 is equipped with a first magnetic rail 115 and a first cooling profile 114 for use with the first drive component 32. The first magnetic rail 115 is used to generate driving force in conjunction with the first drive component 32, and the first cooling profile 114 is used to reduce the heat generated by the operation of the first drive component 32. The first grating ruler 112 provides real-time feedback on the actual movement position of the crossbeam 34, enabling high-precision closed-loop control of the Y-axis. The first drive component 32 and the first magnetic rail 115 work together to directly drive the crossbeam 34 to move, reducing the error caused by traditional mechanical transmission. The first cooling profile 114 promptly removes the heat generated by the operation of the first drive component 32, reducing thermal drift, so that the crossbeam 34 can still maintain high position control accuracy during long-term continuous operation.

[0038] Both the X-axis grating ruler bracket 410 and the Y-axis grating bracket 31 are provided with mounting adjustment holes to adjust the positional relationship between the grating ruler and the reading head during installation.

[0039] Specifically, the saddle assembly 4 includes a sliding saddle 41 and a second drive member 415 disposed on the sliding saddle 41. The sliding saddle 41 is movably disposed on the crossbeam 34 via the second drive member 415. The crossbeam 34 is provided with a second cooling profile 36 for use in conjunction with the second drive member 415. The second cooling profile 36 is used to reduce the heat generated by the operation of the second drive member 415. Two second guide rails 314 are provided on the crossbeam 34. The slide saddle 41 is guided and engaged with the crossbeam 34 via the second guide rails 314. Specifically, the slide saddle 41 is guided and engaged with the crossbeam 34 via the two second guide rails 314. On the side of the slide saddle 41 where the second driving component 415 is located, there are also upper slide saddle pressure plates 44 and lower slide saddle pressure plates 45. Oil supply grooves are provided on the adjacent sides of the upper slide saddle pressure plates 44 and lower slide saddle pressure plates 45. The oil supply grooves are connected to an external high-pressure oil supply system. High-pressure oil enters the guide rail through the oil supply grooves. After the gap, a static pressure oil film is formed for the sliding arrangement of the slide saddle 41 and the crossbeam 34. The second drive member 415 drives the slide saddle 41 to move stably along the crossbeam 34, and the second cooling profile 36 reduces the temperature rise of the drive system and reduces the transfer of heat to the crossbeam 34. The second guide rail 314, together with the upper pressure plate 44 and the lower pressure plate 45 of the slide saddle, forms a static pressure support. The static pressure oil film bears the motion load, making the slide saddle 41 move more smoothly and easily, and improving the guiding rigidity while ensuring the motion sensitivity.

[0040] The second cooling profile 36 is also provided with a second magnetic rail 39 at the end away from the crossbeam 34. The second magnetic rail 39 is fixed on the crossbeam 34 for use in conjunction with the second drive member 415. Optionally, the first drive member 32 and the second drive member 415 are linear motors.

[0041] High-pressure oil enters the guide gap through the oil supply groove and forms a stable pressure oil film through the throttling structure.

[0042] Specifically, the crossbeam 34 is a box-type honeycomb structure with internal reinforcing ribs. The crossbeam 34 is also equipped with a cooling water circulation channel, which is distributed along the length of the crossbeam 34 and is used to reduce the temperature rise of the crossbeam 34. The crossbeam 34 is also equipped with X-axis anti-collision blocks 37 and X-axis anti-collision rubber 38, which are located at the ends of the second cooling profile 36 along its length. The crossbeam 34 adopts a box-type honeycomb structure and is equipped with reinforcing ribs, which reduces its own weight while maintaining high bending and torsional resistance, which is beneficial to improving dynamic performance during high-speed movement. The internal cooling circulating water channel can balance the temperature field of the crossbeam 34 and reduce structural deformation caused by temperature rise. The X-axis anti-collision blocks 37 and X-axis anti-collision rubber 38 can play a buffer protection role at extreme positions, reducing impact damage to the equipment caused by misoperation or abnormal movement.

[0043] The cooling circulation water circuit in this technical solution includes an inlet water channel and a return water channel. The inlet water channel and the return water channel are provided with an inlet water interface and a return water interface at their ends. The inlet water interface and the return water interface are respectively used to connect to an external constant temperature chiller so that the coolant circulates between the external constant temperature chiller and the cooling circulation water circuit to provide constant temperature cooling for the components that need to be cooled in this technical solution, thereby reducing thermal deformation and improving machining accuracy.

[0044] The bottom of the crossbeam 34 is also provided with a Y-axis motor connecting plate 33. The first driving component 32 is mounted on the crossbeam 34 via the Y-axis motor connecting plate 33. The Y-axis motor connecting plate 33 is used to connect and fix the first driving component 32, so that the driving force generated by the first driving component 32 is stably transmitted to the crossbeam 34. At the same time, it improves the installation and positioning accuracy and reduces the impact of the assembly error of the driving component on the Y-axis motion accuracy.

[0045] Two second adapters 35 are provided on the crossbeam 34, and the two second adapters 35 are respectively located at both ends of the length direction of the second magnetic rail 39. The second adapters 35 are used to install the second cooling profile 36 and the second magnetic rail 39, and to connect the crossbeam 34 and the second cooling profile 36. The second adapters 35 can improve the installation stability of the second cooling profile 36 and the second magnetic rail 39, ensure the installation position accuracy between the second drive component 415 and the second magnetic rail 39, and facilitate the disassembly and maintenance of each component, thereby improving the overall assembly accuracy of the crossbeam 34.

[0046] A second grating ruler 310 is fixedly installed on the top of the crossbeam 34. An X-axis grating ruler bracket 410 is provided on the slide saddle 41 for use with the second grating ruler 310. The X-axis grating ruler bracket 410 is set correspondingly to the second grating ruler 310 and is used to detect the movement position of the slide saddle 41. The second grating ruler 310 provides real-time feedback on the actual position of the slide saddle 41 along the crossbeam 34, enabling the X-axis to achieve high-precision full closed-loop control and reducing the impact of transmission errors and thermal deformation on positioning accuracy. The X-axis grating ruler bracket 410 is used to connect and fix the reading device of the second grating ruler 310 and ensure that it maintains a stable relative positional relationship with the second grating ruler 310, thereby improving the position detection accuracy and repeatability accuracy.

[0047] The beam assembly 3 also includes two first flat keys 311, which are respectively located between the lower left pressure plate 312 and the crossbeam 34 and between the lower right pressure plate 313 and the crossbeam 34. The first flat keys 311 are used to install and position the lower left pressure plate 312 and the lower right pressure plate 313 of the crossbeam. The first flat keys 311 can ensure the assembly position accuracy between the lower left pressure plate 312 and the lower right pressure plate 313 of the crossbeam and the crossbeam 34, prevent the lower left pressure plate 312 and the lower right pressure plate 313 of the crossbeam from being displaced relative to each other during the stress process, improve the assembly stability of the static pressure guide structure, and thus ensure the guiding accuracy and load-bearing stability of the Y-axis static pressure guide structure.

[0048] Specifically, a third drive member 416 is provided on the side of the slide saddle 41 away from the second drive member 415. The third drive member 416 is used to drive the spindle box component 5 to reciprocate relative to the slide saddle 41. The direction of the reciprocating motion of the spindle box component 5 driven by the third drive member 416 intersects with the direction of the reciprocating motion of the slide saddle 41 driven by the second drive member 415 and the direction of the reciprocating motion of the crossbeam 34 driven by the first drive member 32. On the side of the slide saddle 41 away from the second drive component 415, there are also Z-axis left pressure plate 42 and Z-axis right pressure plate 43. The Z-axis left pressure plate 42 and Z-axis right pressure plate 43 cooperate with the slide saddle 41 to form a guide and limit position with the spindle box component 5. The Z-axis left pressure plate 42 and Z-axis right pressure plate 43 are provided with oil supply grooves, which are connected to an external high-pressure oil supply system. After the high-pressure oil enters the guide gap through the oil supply grooves, it forms a static pressure oil film. The Z-axis left pressure plate 42 and Z-axis right pressure plate 43 are provided with an air-float ultra-low friction cylinder 411. The low-friction cylinder 411 is used to balance the self-weight load of the spindle box component 5. The third drive component 416 drives the spindle box component 5 to move along the Z-axis, forming a three-axis orthogonal motion relationship with the X and Y axes to meet the needs of complex space machining. The left pressure plate 42 and the right pressure plate 43 of the Z-axis work together with the hydrostatic oil film to form a stable guide, making the lifting and lowering of the spindle box component 5 smoother. The air-float ultra-low friction cylinder 411 bears part of the self-weight load, reducing the burden on the drive system, making the Z-axis start and stop more stable, and reducing the positioning error caused by gravity changes.

[0049] The air-float ultra-low friction cylinder 411 is used in the third drive component 416 to overcome motion inertia and residual load. The third drive component 416 preferably adopts a linear motor. The oil supply tank in this technical solution is connected to the external lubrication pump. The lubrication pump is connected to the required components through the oil supply pipeline to deliver lubricating oil to each part that needs lubrication.

[0050] An X-axis motor connecting plate 46 is provided on the side of the slide saddle 41 near the beam assembly 3. The second drive component 415 is located on the side of the X-axis motor connecting plate 46 near the beam assembly 3 and is detachably mounted on the slide saddle 41 via the X-axis motor connecting plate 46. A Z-axis motor connecting plate 47 is also provided on the slide saddle 41. The third drive component 416 is detachably mounted on the slide saddle 41 via the Z-axis motor connecting plate 47. The X-axis motor connecting plate 46 is used to connect and fix the second drive component 415, and facilitates the installation, disassembly and maintenance of the second drive component 415. The Z-axis motor connecting plate 47 is used to connect and fix the third drive component 416, so that the third drive component 416 can stably drive the spindle box component 5 to reciprocate along the Z-axis direction, and improve the installation and positioning accuracy of the third drive component 416, reducing the impact of assembly errors on the Z-axis motion accuracy.

[0051] Specifically, the slide saddle 41 is also provided with two Z-axis anti-collision blocks 48, which are respectively located at both ends of the slide saddle 41 along the Z-axis direction, which is the longitudinal direction. Z-axis anti-collision rubber 49 is fixedly provided on the side of the two Z-axis anti-collision blocks 48 that are close to each other. A rod 55 is fixedly provided on the spindle box 51. The rod 55 and the Z-axis anti-collision rubber 49 are configured to cooperate with each other to form a limit when the spindle box 51 moves to the limit position of the Z-axis travel.

[0052] In this embodiment, both the first Y-axis anti-collision block 12 and the second Y-axis anti-collision block 13 are provided with anti-collision rubber. The anti-collision rubber is preferably made of elastic materials with buffering and shock absorption properties such as polyurethane rubber, nitrile rubber or silicone rubber. Of course, this technical solution includes a central control component, which is used to control various electrical components. In other embodiments, this solution may also include a drive structure electrically connected to the central control component. In this solution, the anti-collision rubber is located at the output end of the drive structure rather than on the anti-collision block. The anti-collision block is fixed relative to the overall equipment, while the anti-collision rubber is movable relative to the anti-collision block via the drive structure. Here, the anti-collision block is only used as a last protection measure so that when the corresponding mechanism is about to reach the edge of the stroke (such as when the spindle box component moves to the bottom of the slide saddle 41), the drive structure drives the anti-collision rubber to actively contact the corresponding mechanism and dynamically displace to achieve buffering.

[0053] The Z-axis anti-collision block 48 and the Z-axis anti-collision rubber 49 work together to buffer and absorb energy when the spindle box 51 moves to its limit position, reducing the impact between moving parts, preventing damage to the spindle box 51 and related transmission parts due to hard collisions caused by overtravel, and improving the safety of equipment operation and the service life of the whole machine.

[0054] A second flat key 414 is provided between the upper pressure plate 44 and the slide 41, and between the lower pressure plate 45 and the slide 41. The second flat key 414 is used to limit the installation of the upper pressure plate 44 and the lower pressure plate 45. The second flat key 414 can ensure the assembly position accuracy between the upper pressure plate 44 and the lower pressure plate 45 and the slide 41, limit the displacement of the upper pressure plate 44 and the lower pressure plate 45 relative to the slide 41, improve the assembly stability of the hydrostatic guide structure, and ensure the matching accuracy between the upper pressure plate 44 and the lower pressure plate 45 and the second guide rail 314, so that the hydrostatic oil film remains stable, thereby improving the guiding accuracy and running stability of the slide 41 when it moves along the crossbeam 34.

[0055] Specifically, the spindle box component 5 includes a spindle box 51 and a balance bar bracket 52 mounted on the spindle box 51. The fixed end of the air-bearing ultra-low friction cylinder 411 is fixed on the left pressure plate 42 and the right pressure plate 43 of the Z-axis, and the working end of the air-bearing ultra-low friction cylinder 411 is fixed on the balance bar bracket 52. The two sets of air-bearing ultra-low friction cylinders 411 are symmetrically arranged along the vertical center plane of the spindle box component 5 and are supplied with air and extend and retract synchronously to balance the self-weight load of the spindle box component 5 and suppress the sway and shaking of the spindle box component 5 during the lifting and lowering process. The two sets of air-bearing ultra-low friction cylinders 411 act on both sides of the balance bar bracket 52 and work synchronously to form a balanced support for the spindle box component 5, so that the spindle box component 5 is subjected to more uniform force during the lifting and lowering process, effectively suppressing sway and shaking, avoiding the influence of uneven force on the machining trajectory, and thus ensuring the stability of the spindle posture.

[0056] Specifically, the saddle assembly 4 is equipped with a pneumatic clamp 413; the two ends of the spindle box assembly 5 in the width direction are equipped with Z-axis rails 56; the pneumatic clamp 413 is correspondingly set and clamps the Z-axis rails 56; the pneumatic clamp 413 is set at the top and bottom and on the left and right sides respectively, so as to clamp the Z-axis rails 56 and lock the spindle box assembly 5 in the event of power failure, air failure or emergency stop, and at the same time improve the guiding rigidity and suppress micro-displacement during the processing. The pneumatic clamp 413 can quickly clamp the Z-axis rails 56 in the event of power failure, air failure or emergency stop, and reliably lock the spindle box assembly 5 to prevent the spindle box assembly 5 from sliding down due to its own weight, thereby improving the safety of equipment operation; during normal processing, it can also enhance the Z-axis guiding rigidity, reduce micro-displacement, and improve the stability during heavy cutting and precision machining.

[0057] The pneumatic clamp 413 adopts a spring clamping and air pressure release structure.

[0058] Specifically, the spindle box component 5 also includes a spindle 57 and a third cooling profile 59 disposed on the spindle box 51. The spindle box 51 is also provided with a Z-axis water ring 53 for cooling the cutting tool and workpiece nozzle. The spindle 57 is movably disposed on the spindle box 51. The Z-axis water ring 53 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the spindle 57 and fixedly disposed at the lower end of the spindle box 51. The spindle box 51 is also equipped with a Z-axis grating ruler bracket 54, and the Z-axis left pressure plate 42 is equipped with a third grating ruler 412. The Z-axis grating ruler bracket 54 is used in conjunction with the third grating ruler 412. The Z-axis water ring 53 can effectively cool the machining area of ​​the tool and the workpiece, reduce the accumulation of machining heat, and improve cutting stability. The third cooling profile 59 helps to control the temperature rise of the spindle box 51 and reduce the impact of thermal deformation on the accuracy of the spindle 57. The Z-axis grating ruler bracket 54 and the third grating ruler 412 work together to detect and provide feedback on the lifting position of the spindle box component 5 in real time, making the Z-axis motion control more precise, thereby ensuring the machining dimensional accuracy and surface quality.

[0059] The spindle 57 is used to mount cutting tools and drive them to rotate at high speed to perform milling, drilling, boring, grinding and other machining operations on the workpiece.

[0060] In this technical solution, the grating ruler is a high-precision absolute linear grating ruler.

[0061] The spindle box 51 is also equipped with two third adapters 58, which are respectively located on the spindle box 51 and on both sides of the third magnetic rail 510. The third magnetic rail 510 is fixed on the spindle box 51 and is used to cooperate with the third drive component 416. The third adapters 58 are also used to install the third cooling profile 59 to improve the installation stability of the third cooling profile 59 and facilitate the assembly and maintenance of the third magnetic rail 510 and the third cooling profile 59. The third adapters 58 are used to install the third magnetic rail 510 and connect the spindle box 51 and the third magnetic rail 510, improving the installation positioning accuracy and installation stability of the third magnetic rail 510. The third drive component 416 cooperates with the third magnetic rail 510 to generate driving force to drive the spindle box 51 to reciprocate along the Z-axis, reducing the transmission error caused by traditional mechanical transmission and improving the response speed, positioning accuracy and repeatability of the Z-axis movement.

[0062] In this technical solution, each oil supply tank is connected to the high-pressure oil supply system. There are circulating oil collection devices on both sides of the crossbeam 34. The high-pressure oil enters the static pressure oil chamber through the oil supply tank and establishes a static pressure oil film through the throttling structure to achieve non-contact guidance.

[0063] The above descriptions provide one or more embodiments in conjunction with specific details, but do not imply that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. Any methods or structures that are similar to or identical to those of the present invention, or any technical deductions or substitutions made based on the concept of the present invention, should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center, comprising a machine bed (1), a rotary table (2) and a spindle box assembly (5) mounted on the machine bed (1), characterized in that: The machine tool bed (1) is also provided with a beam assembly (3) and a saddle assembly (4) for use with the spindle box assembly (5); The machine tool bed (1) includes a bed (15), a beam assembly (3) is mounted on the bed (15) and guides the bed (15), a saddle assembly (4) is mounted on the beam assembly (3) and guides the beam assembly (3), and a spindle box assembly (5) is movably mounted on the saddle assembly (4). The spindle box assembly (5) is used to mount cutting tools to cooperate with the rotary table (2) to process external workpieces. The bed (15) is provided with a first hydrostatic guide rail structure for supporting the movement of the beam assembly (3), and a second hydrostatic guide rail structure for supporting the movement of the spindle box assembly (5) is provided between the saddle assembly (4) and the spindle box assembly (5). Both the first hydrostatic guide rail structure and the second hydrostatic guide rail structure are externally connected to a high-pressure oil supply system to form a hydrostatic oil film.

2. The novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bed (15) is a U-shaped box structure. The bottom of the bed (15) is provided with a support assembly (11). The support assembly (11) is fixedly connected to the bed (15) and is used to support the machine tool bed (1). The bed (15) is provided with a chip removal chamber and a cooling water circulation channel. The chip removal chamber is located in the middle of the bed (15) and is used to remove the chips and cutting fluid generated during processing. The cooling water circulation channel is distributed inside the bed (15) to absorb the heat of the bed (15) to reduce thermal deformation. The top width direction of the bed (15) is provided with a Y-axis left oil groove (16) and a Y-axis right oil groove (19) respectively. The Y-axis left oil groove (16) and the Y-axis right oil groove (19) are respectively connected to the first hydrostatic guide rail structure to transport pressure oil to form a hydrostatic oil film.

3. A novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first static pressure guide rail structure includes a first guide rail (17) located on both sides of the top width direction of the bed (15). The first guide rail (17) extends along the length direction of the bed (15). The beam assembly (3) includes a crossbeam (34). The bottom of the crossbeam (34) is provided with a lower left pressure plate (312) and a lower right pressure plate (313). The lower left pressure plate (312) and the lower right pressure plate (313) cooperate with the corresponding first guide rail (17) to form a Y-axis static pressure guide structure. The left Y-axis oil groove (16) and the right Y-axis oil groove (19) supply pressure oil to the first guide rail (17). The pressure oil forms a static pressure oil film between the first guide rail (17) and the lower left pressure plate (312) and the lower right pressure plate (313).

4. A novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center according to claim 3, characterized in that: A Y-axis grating bracket (31) is provided on the crossbeam (34), and a first grating ruler (112) is provided on the bed (15). The Y-axis grating bracket (31) and the first grating ruler (112) are correspondingly set and used to detect the movement position of the crossbeam (34). The crossbeam (34) is also provided with a first drive member (32), which is used to drive the crossbeam (34) to reciprocate relative to the bed (15). The bed (15) is provided with a first magnetic rail (115) and a first cooling profile (114) for use in conjunction with the first drive member (32). The first magnetic rail (115) is used to cooperate with the first drive member (32) to generate driving force, and the first cooling profile (114) is used to reduce the heat generated by the operation of the first drive member (32).

5. A novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that: The saddle assembly (4) includes a slide saddle (41) and a second drive member (415) disposed on the slide saddle (41). The slide saddle (41) is movably disposed on the crossbeam (34) via the second drive member (415). The crossbeam (34) is provided with a second cooling profile (36) for use with the second drive member (415). The second cooling profile (36) is used to reduce the heat generated by the operation of the second drive member (415). Two second guide rails (314) are provided on the crossbeam (34). The sliding saddle (41) is guided and cooperated with the crossbeam (34) via the second guide rails (314). On the side of the sliding saddle (41) where the second driving component (415) is provided, there is also a sliding saddle upper pressure plate (44) and a sliding saddle lower pressure plate (45). On the side where the sliding saddle upper pressure plate (44) and the sliding saddle lower pressure plate (45) are close to each other, there is an oil supply groove. The oil supply groove is connected to the external high-pressure oil supply system. The high-pressure oil forms a static pressure oil film through the oil supply groove for sliding of the sliding saddle (41) and the crossbeam (34).

6. A novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crossbeam (34) is a box-type honeycomb structure with internal reinforcing ribs. The crossbeam (34) is also equipped with a cooling water circulation channel, which is distributed along the length of the crossbeam (34) and used to reduce the temperature rise of the crossbeam (34). The crossbeam (34) is also provided with an X-axis anti-collision block (37) and an X-axis anti-collision rubber (38), which are located at the ends of the second cooling profile (36) along its length.

7. A novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third drive member (416) is provided on the side of the slide saddle (41) away from the second drive member (415). The third drive member (416) is used to drive the spindle box component (5) to reciprocate relative to the slide saddle (41). The direction of the reciprocating motion of the spindle box component (5) driven by the third drive member (416) intersects with the direction of the reciprocating motion of the slide saddle (415) driven by the second drive member (415) and the direction of the reciprocating motion of the crossbeam (34) driven by the first drive member (32). On the side of the slide saddle (41) away from the second drive component (415), there are also Z-axis left pressure plate (42) and Z-axis right pressure plate (43). The Z-axis left pressure plate (42) and Z-axis right pressure plate (43) cooperate with the slide saddle (41) to limit the spindle box component (5). The Z-axis left pressure plate (42) and Z-axis right pressure plate (43) are provided with oil supply grooves. The oil supply grooves are connected to the external high-pressure oil supply system. The high-pressure oil forms a static pressure oil film through the oil supply grooves. The Z-axis left pressure plate (42) and Z-axis right pressure plate (43) are provided with air-float ultra-low friction cylinders (411). The air-float ultra-low friction cylinders (411) are used to balance the self-weight load of the spindle box component (5).

8. A novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spindle box assembly (5) includes a spindle box (51) and a balance bar bracket (52) mounted on the spindle box (51). The fixed end of the air-floating ultra-low friction cylinder (411) is fixed on the left pressure plate (42) and the right pressure plate (43) of the Z-axis. The working end of the air-floating ultra-low friction cylinder (411) is fixed on the balance bar bracket (52). The two sets of air-floating ultra-low friction cylinders (411) are symmetrically arranged along the vertical center plane of the spindle box assembly (5) and are synchronously supplied with air and synchronously extended and retracted to balance the self-weight load of the spindle box assembly (5) and suppress the swaying and shaking of the spindle box assembly (5) during the lifting and lowering process.

9. A novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The saddle assembly (4) is equipped with a pneumatic clamp (413); the two ends of the spindle box assembly (5) in the width direction are equipped with Z-axis rails (56); the pneumatic clamp (413) is correspondingly set and clamped to the Z-axis rails (56); the pneumatic clamp (413) is set at the top and bottom and on the left and right sides respectively, so as to clamp the Z-axis rails (56) and lock the spindle box assembly (5) in the state of power failure, air failure or emergency stop, while improving the guiding rigidity and suppressing micro-displacement during the processing.

10. A novel ultra-precision vertical five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spindle box assembly (5) also includes a spindle (57) and a third cooling profile (59) mounted on the spindle box (51). The spindle box (51) is also provided with a Z-axis water ring (53) for cooling the cutting tool and the workpiece nozzle. The Z-axis water ring (53) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the spindle (57) and fixedly mounted on the lower end of the spindle box (51). The spindle box (51) is also equipped with a Z-axis grating ruler bracket (54), and the Z-axis left pressure plate (42) is equipped with a third grating ruler (412). The Z-axis grating ruler bracket (54) is used in conjunction with the third grating ruler (412).

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